Pershing Ia Operational Scenario

U.S.Army Missile Research and

Development Command

Foreword

This analysis presents a guide t o be used by the logistician and others involved in the development of maintenance and support concepts for the current Pershing system. The operational scenario presented combines the basic operational data f o r the Pershing deployment of the missile system. The previous s i m i l a r document, OR 13,907 is obsolete and should be destroyed. Any comments regarding material content o r requests f o r additional copies of this manual should be directed to: Commander U.S. Army Missile Research and Development Command Redstone Arsenal, 'Alabama 35809 ATTN: DRCPM-PE-S

Contents
............................ Chapter Two .Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter One .Pershing System Hardware Chapter T h r e e .Mission

.......................................
.................................

4 5

Chapter F o u r .Mode of Operation

Chapter Five .Organizational Structure

............................. 7 USAREUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Basic Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Battery Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Operational Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Field Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Countdown Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Basic Description

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Chapter Six .Logistic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Chapter Seven .Maintenance and Repair Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Chapter Eight .Functional Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 Chapter Nine .System Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 Chapter Ten .System Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 Appendix A .Functional Flow Diagrams ( ~ p e r a t i o n / ~ q u i p m e n . ). . . . . . . . . . . . 25 t
Appendix B .Top Level Planning Flow Diagrams

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Illustrations

1
2
3
4

5
6

7
8

........................... 6 Organizational Structure .Pershing Brigade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Pershing Activities in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Idealistic Peacetime Equipment Emplacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Idealistic Equipment Emplacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 USAREUR Pershing Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The Direct Support System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Maintenance and Repair Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Typical Equipment Use and Availability

Tables

I Typical Peacetime Countdown Frequency Summary

I1 Mean Corrective Time

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Abbreviations

A /O ARU BCC CAS CONUS DT EL FAS FDT FOT F RG GAF GARS GS PCC PDS PLL PS PSE PTS &RA RTS SASP SCTS SLA USAREUR

Arty-Ord

- Azimuth Reference Unit - Battery Control Central

Combat Alert Status Continental United States

- Development Test - Erector Launcher - Field Alert Status - Facilities Distribution T r a i l e r - Follow-On Operational Test - Federal Republic of Germany

German Air Force General Support Platoon Control Center Power Distribution Set Prescribed Load List Power Station Power Station Equivalent Programmer-Test Station Quick Reaction Alert Radio Terminal Set Special Ammunition Supply Point System Component T e s t Station Sequential Launch Adapter U.S. Army Europe

- Garrison Alert Status

chapter one

Pershing System Hardware

The Pershing missile system i s comprised of the following p r i m a r y functional equipment: a P r o g r a m m e r - T e s t Station (PTS), Power Station (PS), Battery Control Central (BCC), Radio Terminal Set (RTS), E r e c t o r Launcher (EL), Launching Control Group (Sequential Launch Adapter (SLA)), 45 kW Generator, Azimuth Laying Set (Azimuth Reference Unit (ARU)), Power Distribution Set (PDS) (electrical cables, high p r e s s u r e a i r and conditioned a i r hoses), and a four stage missile. The m i s s i l e consists of two propulsion sections, a guidance and control section, and a warhead section. A nonstandard item of equipment, a Platoon Control Center (PCC), i s in use in most firing batteries. The PCC i s outfitted with communication and control equipment and functions in a manner s i m i l a r to the BCC but at the platoon level. The major Pershing peculiar equipment required f o r r e a r a r e a support include: System Component T e s t Station (SCTS), Electrical and Mechanical Shop Sets, Repair P a r t s Vans, Rear Area Cable Sets, and a Facilities Distribution T r a i l e r (FDT) which i s used in conjunction with two 45 kW generators to comprise a Power Station Equivalent (PSE ). Engineering and communication equipment field level maintenance and support a r e performed with special equipment and by personnel assigned t o the battalion. Automotive field level maintenance is provided by an a r e a maintenance battalion which i s not a portion of the Pershing organization. A companion document, Pershing Ia System Description (Martin Marietta OR 13, 149), presents a m o r e comprehensive description of the Pershing system elements. Pershing equipment i s widely dispersed throughout Europe and t h e Continental United States. In the European Theater, t h r e e tactical U.S. Army battalions a r e based in Western Germany forming the 56th Artillery Brigade. As a portion of the NATO force, the F e d e r a l Republic of Germany has two Air F o r c e Wings (equivalent of U.S. Army battalions) equipped with Pershing m i s s i l e s and ground support equipment. The 3rd Battalion of the 9th Artillery ( 3 / 9 ) , which i s based at F o r t Sill, Oklahoma, functions under the F o r c e Command through the 111 Corps Artillery and the 9th Missile Group a s a backup tactical unit and provides range support for the missile firing operations of

the deployed forces. The 3 1 9 operates under a special TO&E which organizes the F i r i n g Batteries into two "heavy" and one "light" platoons. The heavy platoon has the same personnel and equipment allowances a s the tactical units, while the light platoons have reduced complements of personnel and equipment. F o r t Sill is also the location of the Field Artillery School which teaches Pershing Operator and Organizational Maintenance courses and has a large number of pieces of GSE. Rear a r e a maintenance of Pershing i s taught at the Missile and Munitions Center School at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, which i s the location of the Pershing Project Manager of the U.S. Army Missile Command. The Pershing Depot i s located in Pueblo, Colorado and performs fifth echelon maintenance on the missile components and special ground support equipment except the Power Station and its components which a r e overhauled and supported by the Army depot at Tooele, Utah. The Pueblo Depot also installs all missile telemetry f o r range firing operations. Thus, Pershing and i t s support equipment a r e used in a wide variety of environments throughout the world.

chapter two

Transportation

Pershing's transportation/mobility concept dictates that primary and essential f i r e mission equipment be a i r transportable in addition t o being "all-terrain" ground t r a n s portable. The system can be a i r lifted by several cargo aircraft including the C-124, C-130, C-141, and C-5A. In the ground transport mode the P r o g r a m m e r - T e s t Station and Power Station combination, the radio terminal set, and the battery control central a r e c a r r i e d on M656 trucks. The Erector Launcher, which i s s e m i t r a i l e r mounted, i s towed by an M757 truck tractor. The SLA on the SLA t r a i l e r i s towed behind the PTS/PS transport vehicle, and the ARU i s transported in containers on an auxiliary vehicle. The missile i s c a r r i e d assembled, l e s s warhead section, on the EL. The warhead section may be c a r r i e d in the warhead section handling device that i s mounted on the front of the EL, o r it may be c a r r i e d in i t s shipping and storage container on a 5 ton truck. A 10 kW generator s e t , which furnishes auxiliary power to the EL and missile while in t r a n s i t , i s mounted on the M757 truck t r a c t o r that tows the EL. There i s also provision f o r in-transit heating of the mounted PTS using power f r o m the M656 vehicle. The BCC and RTS have power generators which a r e towed and c a r r i e d , respectively, to the firing site. The warhead section i s obtained f r o m the special ammunition and supply point (SASP). After initial issue, the missiles remain assembled on the ELs and a r e disassembled only for r e p a i r o r preventive maintenance.

chapter three

Mission

Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) - The Q R A mission i s a continuous operational mission similar to the missions of Poseidon and Minuteman. Q R A units a r e combat units, which a r e tactically deployed, operational 24 hours a day, and with continuous direct communications with the higher command who can direct the actual Pershing missile firing.

General Support - The General Support mission i s established t o provide long range missile firing capability in support of a United States Field Army, and i s assumed after release f r o m the Q R A r o l e o r a s an alternative to the strategic mission. This mission is frequently r e f e r r e d to a s "off the road"; the actual equipment used will be dependent on the equipment and personnel available after completion of the p r i m a r y (QRA) mission.

Both missions require the battalion to be fragmented into small units spread over a l a r g e area. To maintain operational readiness and t o accomplish the assigned mission requires continuous training, testing, inspection, and maintenance on the complex Pershing missile system and i t s ancillary communications equipment.

chapter four

Mode of Operation

The normal peacetime role of Pershing i s the QRA mission during which the battalion i s subjected t o cyclic rotation through s e v e r a l modes of status; i.e., Combat o r Field Alert Status (CAS o r FAS), Release (GARS III), Garrison Alert Status I1 (GARS II), and Garrison Alert Status I (GARS I). A typical sequence of these modes, with a general description of each, i s shown in Figure 1. The duration of each mode i s a s directed by the Battalion Commander who determines the best use of available forces.

O O

EQUIPMENT ON S I T E I N STANDBY MODE MINIMUM MAINTENANCE

23
TRAINING EXERCISES
O

TROOP AND EQUIPMENT SHAKEDOWN I E L D EXERCISES

GARS I

\ &
O O

EQUIPMENT SET UP I N BACKUP POSTURE MAXIMUM OPERATION-ENSURE READINESS FOR CAS OPERATION

O O

PERIODIC PM AND CALIBRATION PERSONNEL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS BACKUP FOR OTHER BATTERIES I N RELATION TO EQUIPMENT AND TARGET COVERAGE

ROTATIONAL CYCLE OPERATION: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. BATTERY PLATOON PLATOON PLATOON PLATOON PLATOON PLATOON BATTERY ON GARS I PROCEEDS TO CAS S I T E A ASSUMING CAS COUNTS, ASSUMES TARGET COVERAGE A ' ON CAS EVACUATES B ASSUMING CAS OCCUPIES S I T E EVACUATED, COUNTS, ASSUMES TARGET COVERAGE B ' ON CAS EVACUATES C ASSUMING CAS OCCUPIES S I T E EVACUATED, COUNTS, ASSUMES TARGET COVERAGE C' ON CAS EVACUATES RELIEVED FROM CAS EVACUATES TO GARS I 1

I!)
11. 12.

PLATOONS ARE EMPLACED OR MOBILE I N TRAINING EXERCISES I BATTERY RELIEVED FROM GARS I 1 ASSUMES GARS I 1 (RELEASE) STATUS FOR MAINTENANCE AND RELEASE. GARS I11 BATTERY DEPLOYS TO GARS I POSITION TO ASSUME STATUS OF BATTERY DEPLOYING TO CAS SITE.

13.

Figure 1 . Typical Equipment Use and AvailabiLity

chapter five

Organizational Structure

USAREUR
Figure 2 delineates the basic organizational s t r u c t u r e of the U.S. Army Europe (USAREUR) Pershing Brigade and p r i m a r y supporting units. This figure illustrates the present battalion configuration (TO&E 6-615G).

Figure 2. Organizational Structure - Pershing Brigade

Basic Description
The major units within the Pershing organization a r e described in the following paragraphs.
The Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (TOE 6-616) - directs and coordinates the batta lion operations and provides the facilities with which the battalion commander controls the battalion. The Battery is comprised of Battalion Headquarters, Battery Headquart e r s , Headquarters Support Section, Operations/Intelligence Section, Liaison Section, Survey Information Center, Communications Platoon Headquarters, Communications Center Section, Wire Section, Radio Section, Microwave Section, Medical Section, Battalion Supply Section.

Major supporting items of equipment of the Headquarters and Headquarters Battery a r e : Battery Control Central (BCC) and Microwave Radio Terminal Sets AN/TRC-80 (Tropospheric Scatter, Long Range), and AN/TRC- 1 3 3 (Conventional, Short Range).
The Service Battery (TOE 6-619) - procures, s t o r e s , and distributes ammunition t o units of the battalion. It maintains appropriate r e c o r d s and performs direct support maintenance for missile, communications and engineering equipment f o r the battalion. The Service Battery is comprised of Battery Headquarters, Communications Section, Ammunition Platoon Headquarters, four Ammunition Sections, Battalion Maintenance Section, Battalion Support Maintenance Platoon Headquarters, Electrical/Mechanical Section, Electronic Control Section, Technical Supply Section, Support Equipment Maintenance Section, Security Platoon Headquarters and four Security Sections. The Service Battery uses the following Pershing Peculiar equipment items :

-ELECTRICAL -MECHANICAL SECTION

CRADLE, GM SECTION GEN SET, 45 kW SHOP EQUIP, GM-MECH SLING, CRANE PACK LIFT SLING, GM CONTAINER SLING SET, BEAM T Y P E MSL HNDL TEST EQUIP, GM SYSTEM TIE DOWN KIT: TRUCK WRECKER TOOL KIT: MECH & STRUCTURES ELECTRONIC CONTROL SECTION
CABLE ASSY SET, ELECT SHOP ASSY SET, ELECT TEST SET, GM SCTS TOOL KIT, GM, DIG REPAIR ELECT SHOP CONTACT TEAM TEST SET, ELECT CABLE

F O U R AMMO SECTIONS SLING, G M CONTAINER SLING, B E A M T Y P E M S L HANDL T I E DOWN K I T , A N C I L L A R Y EQUIP: T R U C K W R E C K E R T O O L KIT, GM: F I R I N G SITE T O O L K I T , G M : M S L MATING TECHNICAL S U P P L Y SECTION G M SYS S U P P L Y O F F I C E , T R K M T D P R E S E R V A T I O N AND P A C K S H O P The Field Artillery Battery (TOE 6-617) - p r o v i d e s f i r i n g c a p a b i l i t y f o r s p e c i a l e m p l o y m e n t o r f o r g e n e r a l s u p p o r t of f i e l d o p e r a t i o n s . It is c o m p r i s e d of: B a t t e r y H e a d q u a r t e r s , Communications Platoon H e a d q u a r t e r s , W i r e Section, Radio Section, Microwave Section, B a t t e r y C o n t r o l C e n t r a l Section, S u r v e y S e c t i o n , t h r e e F i r i n g P l a t o o n H e a d q u a r t e r s , t h r e e F i r i n g S e c t i o n s , t h r e e S e c u r i t y S e c t i o n s a n d a S u p p o r t P l a t o o n . In a d d i t i o n t o p r o v i d i n g t h e f i r i n g c o m p o n e n t of t h e P e r s h i n g f i e l d a r t i l l e r y b a t t a l i o n , t h e F i e l d A r t i l l e r y B a t t e r y f u r n i s h e s i t s p o r t i o n of t h e b a t t a l i o n c o m m u n i c a t i o n s and s u r v e y s e c t i o n s . M a j o r i t e m s of t h e f i e l d a r t i l l e r y b a t t e r y a r e t h e following: T H R E E FIRING P L A T O O N HEADQUARTERS SLING, CRANE P A C K LISTING SLING, GUIDED MISSILE CONTAINER SLING, S E T , B E A M T Y P E M S L HANDL T E S T S E T , E L E C T CIRCUIT, GM MICROWAVE SECTION R T S ANITRc-80 B A T T E R Y C O N T R O L C E N T R A L SECTION BATTERYCONTROLCENTRAL RADIO S E C T I O N RTS ANITRC-133 T H R E E FIRING SECTIONS A Z I M U T H LAYING S E T , G M C A B L E ASSY S E T , E L E C T ( P H ) C A B L E ASSY S E T , E L E C T ( P K ) E L , GUID MSL, S E M I - T R A I L E R MOUNTED LAUNCHING C O N T R O L G R O U P G E N S E T , 45 kW P O W E R DIST S E T ( L D ) P O W E R STA, G M , T R A N S P O R T A B L E P R O G R A M M E R T E S T S T A , TRANS T O O L KIT, G M : F I R I N G SITE T O O L KIT, G M : MISSILE MATING ACCESSORY K I T , GM P T S P O W E R DIST S E T ( P F ) T E S T SET. ELECTRICAL CABLE

Tbe General Support Company (Ordnance C~npany) (TOE 9-2273) - provides general support missile system maintenance in the theater of operations f o r components of supported missile systems l e s s warheads, adaption kits and automotive; inspection, modification, and maintenance of missiles, missile components (less warheads and adaption kits ), and r e p a i r p a r t s ; inspection, modification, maintenance and maintenance calibration of all ground support equipment (less automotive and a i r c r a f t ) to include associated launching and float equipment. The Special Ammunition Support Command (SASCOM) - provides support in the control and maintenance of the Pershing nuclear warhead. The 9th Ordnance Battalion - provides the specialized support required in the handling and storage of general explosive ordnance items of the Pershing European Theater assets.

The Pershing missile system i s used in the European theater by both the United States Army and the German Air F o r c e (GAF). A comparison of terminology between the two s t r u c t u r e s is a s follows:

U.S. Army
Battalion Battery Wing @KG)

GAF

Group (FK GRP) o r Squadron (STFF)

Headquarters and Headquarters Battery Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron Platoon Platoon

The basic locations of the Pershing activities in Europe a r e illustrated in Figure 3. The p r i m a r y hardware of one platoon i s depicted in Figure 4. During the QRA (CAS) rotational cycle of operation in peacetime, the equipment i s emplaced on the hardsite; a typical site i s shown in Figure 5. During wartime o r military alert conditions, the equipment i s widely dispersed to tactical locations.

Figure 3. Pershing Activities in Europe

LEGEND: V BATTALIONIWING d BRIGADE

Figure 4. Idealistic Peacetime Equipment Emplacement

7. 8.

---

READY BUILDING MAIN ENTRANCE CYCLONE FENCE WITH BARBED WIRE CAP

Figure 5. Idealistic Equipment Emplacement

Operations
Battery Rotation
Under normal operational conditions the batteries within the battalion rotate through four major status's: Combat Alert Status, Garrison Alert Status I S , Release (Garrison Alert Status I I I ) , and Garrison Alert Status I (see Figure 1). The basic operations during these cycles consist of the following:
Combat Alert Status - During peacetime operation in combat a l e r t status, the battery i s emplaced at preassigned hardsite locations. These locations contain three hardstands each, one f o r each platoon. In this status the missiles have been confidence and quick counted, warheads installed, m i s s i l e s targeted, and maintained in standby. Troops a r e on a l e r t status in these a r e a s and ready f o r quick reaction and rapid f i r e of missile rounds.

The peacetime site (hardsite) locations consist of the firing pad and administrative a r e a . Normal operations in these a r e a s a r e that the battery on GARS I (next battery to assume CAS at the s i t e ) emplaces one platoon set of equipment, p e r f o r m s confidence count and quick count on each missile, mates the warhead on each m i s s i l e , and then r e p e a t s a confidence and quick count. At the same time a s equipment verification i s being performed, the personnel a r e being evaluated and qualified in t e r m s of training and proficiency. Upon assurance of equipment and personnel proficiency, the brigade standard team authorizes the assumption of CAS f o r the platoon. The s a m e procedure i s followed f o r the other platoons. At no time a r e any of the objective targets left without coverage. During the transition, administrative duties a r e handled by the battery on CAS, while the f i r s t replacement platoon completes activities for assuming CAS. After the replacement platoon has assumed status, administrative duties a r e t r a n s f e r r e d t o the replacement battery assuming CAS, during which time the second platoon i s verifying (counting) in preparation to assume status. Battery operations a r e configured f o r t h r e e platoons of three m i s s i l e s each. Each of the m i s s i l e s i s assigned target coverage with o r d e r o r priority based upon the a l e r t status and the assignment by strategic command. The batteries each have three r e p a i r p a r t s supply vans, each of which c a r r i e s a Prescribed Load List ( P L L ) of parts. One guidance and control section i s available at the platoon level for use in missile r e p a i r by replacement of the section.
GarrisonAlertStatus(GARS) - GARSIf - Upon r e l e a s e f r o m CAS, with the equipment in excellent condition, new targets a r e assigned and the equipment i s placed in a condition of readiness. The crew i s not on continuous alert, but must respond within a specified number of hours. Field exercises and training a l e r t s a r e frequently called to develop the mobility and personnel proficiency required for remote deployment.

Garrison Alert Status (GARS) - GARS 111 - In this status, no particular target coverage i s assigned. The troops and equipment must be ready t o provide backup coverage f o r the other batteries in event of severe equipment failure. During the frequent field exercises, the battery deploys and the missiles provide duplicate coverage of the f i r s t m i s s i l e s of the other t h r e e batteries, assuring a successful f i r s t launch. Garrison Alert Status (GARS) - GARS I - This status i s used f o r preconditioning and v e r i fication that equipment and personnel a r e in a state of readiness to proceed t o the next status (combat alert). In this status the equipment i s maintained in targeted position.

Optional Rotation
A recent innovation in the 56th Artillery Brigade allows Battalion Commanders the prerogative of establishing the CAS site with other than distinct Battery organizations. One version presently in use emplaces the m i s s i l e s and equipment of Battery A at the CAS site where they remain for extended periods of time (typically 6 months). During this period, individual platoons f r o m Battery A and Battery B rotate a t two week intervals through the Alert Site such that, a t any one time, there a r e two platoons f r o m one battery and one f r o m the other battery on site. The Battery Commander with two platoons on a l e r t i s the site commander for this period. Following the s i x months, a s i m i l a r rotation is established between Batteries C and D. The two advantages of this option a r e the reduction in equipment movement and the shorter a l e r t period f o r p e r sonnel. Some disadvantages which may appear a r e the looseness of the command and control structure and a possible laxness of equipment maintenance.

Field Exercises
To achieve and maintain proficiency in the use of Pershing equipment, the entire battalion frequently participates in both scheduled and unscheduled exercises. The scope of these exercises extends f r o m a single battery evolution to the dispersion of the complete battalion including Headquarters and Service Batteries. These exercises cons i s t of sounding an a l e r t to ready the m i s s i l e s for launch. The Batteries immediately assemble all personnel and equipment and road march to a designated a r e a f o r emplacement. These a r e a s differ radically f r o m the hardsites used in CAS in that they a r e chosen t o provide the greatest concealment of the missile and equipment. The ingenuity of the battery and platoon commanders i s tested in their ability to maneuver and emplace the Pershing equipment to take best advantage of the existing t e r r a i n . The idealistic emplacement shown in Figure 4 and textbooks is impossible to obtain in these situations, but the limitations enforced by cable lengths and safety requirements must all be met without destroying the natural cover. The missiles a r e emplaced and counted down using actual targets because the training nature of these exercises may not be known until the missiles a r e ready to launch, and the troops a r e required to function in a combat environment. Depending on the nature of the exercise, the Batteries may either return to the caserne after the simulated launch, remain in a l e r t status, o r redeploy periodically to different locations. Field exercises provide the Brigade Commander a realistic evaluation of his capabilities, and any shortcomings shown in the exercise become the b a s i s f o r further intensive training.

Countdown Operations
General
The verification, aiming and launching of Pershing i s controlled by punched mylar tape, programming a solid state, digital computer. The computer interfaces with an adapter in the PTS t o send analog and digital signals to the missile and checks f o r the proper response. P r i o r to initiating a countdown, the computer performs a partial self t e s t and a limited t e s t of the adapter. Separate mylar tapes provide complete self t e s t o r diagnostics of the computer and adapter. The adapter diagnostic is available in several modes dependent upon the type of operation o r equipment. The countdown tape also has several options available to the operator. The three basic types of countdowns utilized in performance of the Pershing mission a r e Standard, Confidence, and Quick. The standard countdown s t a r t s at the application of system power, p e r f o r m s all p r e flight checks and p r e s e t s , and continues t o liftoff. The confidence countdown performs the s a m e functions but ends at the Remote phase (T-2). The quick countdown bypasses s e v e r a l of the preflight checks and presets, and may continue to liftoff o r stop at the Remote phase (T-2). In the QRA mode the missile ( l e s s warhead) i s transported on the E L t o the firing position. The warhead i s mated, a confidence count i s conducted, auxiliary power is applied, and the a l e r t readiness status i s assumed. A confidence count i s performed once every 7 days on each missile on CAS and a quick count to T-2 is performed every day. In the peacetime mode the adapter diagnostic mode 00 i s performed on the PTS p r i o r to the f i r s t confidence count. An SLA diagnostic test at each missile cable entry panel i s also performed (modes 11, 12, and 13).

In the General Support (GS) mode, one missile may be prepared and fired without connecting the SLA. A confidence count may be performed prior t o a standard countdown.

A quick count can be performed only on a missile which has previously been confidence counted with corresponding f i r e mission data entered, and with the missile layed with respect t o mission data.

Frequency
The typical countdown frequency p e r month p e r battalion during peacetime operation f o r the different types of countdowns in the four status cycles i s summarized in Table I.

TABLE I
Typical Peacetime Countdown Requency Summarry

Quick CAS GARS I1 Release GARS I11 GARS I TOTAL (countdowns / M o / ~ n )

173

Confidence

Total
248 64

75
36

28

14

18

32

Deployment
Figure 6 summarizes the typical USARE UR Pershing deployment.

Figure 6. USAREUR Pershing Deployment

Basic Description
The FRG using organization i s the German Air F o r c e a s opposed t o the U.S. Army Europe (USAREUR). GAF deployment and operation of the Pershing system i s v e r y s i m i l a r t o that of USAREUR. The GAF personnel management scheme generally involves fewer support personnel than does the analogous scheme f o r USAREUR. Equipment differences a r e minimal. German support vehicles a r e used in place of the EL t r a c t o r M757 and PTS/PS vehicle M656. Other minor differences in equipment exist and a r e due t o FRG road law requirements and other GAF organizational o r procedural differences. The concept of the dual operational roles, i.e., QRA/GSR, a s related to GAF operations, i s common to that of USAREUR operations i n that both a r e integral t o and supportive of European NATO operations.

chapter six

Logistic System

The Logistic system consists of the flow of materiel in the inventory t o maintain the s y s t e m in operational availability. Typical inventory flow f o r the Pershing system i s depicted in Figure 7. In addition to the overall flow of the serviceable and unserviceable materiel in the logistic system, detail data related to the materiel flow a r e outlined below. Containerized missile sections a r e maintained in storage facilities at Weilerbach, Neu Ulm and Pirmasens. These sections a r e used to resupply expended missile sections in addition t o providing float sections which a r e made available at s e r v i c e battery facilities. Missile sections, stored in containers, a r e available at the Service Battery f o r resupply and support of the General Support role.

Figure 7. The Direct Support System

chapter seven

Maintenance and Repair Functions

The Pershing ground support equipment h a s been designed t o provide for maximum end item r e p a i r at the using maintenance level. With the use of computer controlled program tapes with self-test and diagnostic routines, fault isolation i s accomplished rapidly by the operator in most cases. Quick access to easily replaceable assemblies and extensive use of plug-in modules and printed circuit c a r d s keep maintenance downtime to a minimum. When the automatic fault isolation routines do not properly identify the defective item, mobile contact teams a r e dispatched f r o m the Direct Support Unit t o manually troubleshoot and r e p a i r the end item. The Direct Support Unit i s organic t o the Pershing battalion and performs all Field level r e p a i r and maintenance on battalion equipment including missiles. Figure 8 illustrates the flow of defective and r e paired items within the battalion.

Figure 8. Maintenance and Repair Sequence

chapter eight

Functional Flow

The functional flows for system operation a r e shown in Appendix A. These basic flows delineate the detailed activities considered in each of the overall logistics, t r a n s portation, and supply postures. Appendix B delineates the overall planning flow for the actions depicted in the functional flow diagrams. The data requirements identified in the programming flows have been derived f r o m the r e p a i r action (Zct)u m m a r y r e p o r t s s (UDC Data), studies recorded in the System Engineering Documentation system, o r interface with Field Representatives, Customer Personnel, and Technical Assistance personnel.

chapter nine

System Availability

Some equipment i s not available during selected periods due t o either unscheduled o r scheduled activities. Examples of activities which affect the availability of the equipment a r e corrective and preventive maintenance, modification, inspections, development t e s t , and follow-on operational test. Each of these activities h a s an effect on the operation and posture of the battalion operation. Corrective maintenance is unscheduled and i s a result of equipment failures which affect the operation of the system. In all c a s e s the equipment will be down f o r r e p a i r for varying periods of time depending on the nature of the failure. Task t i m e distribution f o r individual end items a r e available f r o m the Unified Data Collection System data for forward a r e a operations, and periodic r e p o r t s which contain the mean cwrrective time summary f o r the system and the end items. F o r example, typical Mean Corrective for major items based on reported field operation for a one year period Times a r e shown in Table 11.

(zct)

TABLE II

Mean Corrective Time

Item

ct (Hours)
0.44 0.39 0.92 0.48 0.33 0.30 1.6 2 1.23 0.73 2.07 2.38 0.6 2 -

Sample Size
333 1 41 30 67 66 29

Average Run T i m e / Y r (Hours)

G SE PTS EL P S (Fwd Area) PDS A Z Lay MISSILE 1st Stage 2nd Stage G&C Warhe ad SYSTEM

159

59 10

15
28 6 392 -

F o r this forward a r e a data, the i s determined by the time the end item i s nonoperational. Corrective maintenance at this level can be either a repair action, replacement of a component o r assembly o r the replacement of the end item itself by exchange with an Operational Readiness Float item. Since the above data were obtained f r o m the same finite period of time f o r all of the end items, the number of samples i s indicative of the relative failure frequency and the Met reflects the ease o r speed of repair. F o r example, the P T S with 1 4 1 malfunctions i s by f a r the most failure prone end item but with an Kct of only 0.39 hour, i t i s also one of the easiest to repair. This speed of r e p a i r i s a result of the automatic diagnost i c s and plug-in modules and assemblies. By contrast, the warhead, with the least number of failures i s nonoperational f o r the longest period of time. The small number of malfunctions i s due t o the high reliability designed into the nuclear device, while the long corrective maintenance time i s a result of no r e p a i r being authorized on s i t e and s p a r e warheads not normally being made available f o r exchange.

zct

chapter ten

System Assurance

The majority of the other activities may be considered scheduled o r planned activities which render some portion of the system unavailable f o r a given period of time. Although these activities may occur at different periods of time, they a r e known factors t o be considered by the command o r headquarters organization and in the planning f o r support. The following a r e basic considerations for each of these scheduled efforts:
Modification Activity - Modification activity i s normally implemented on a Block level equipment configuration, The modifications a r e performed on a battery basis by battalion. The equipment of one battery within a battalion i s removed f r o m service, sent to a Mod Shop a r e a , the modification installed, and the equipment returned. Average time f o r installation of a battery's modification at the Mod Shop activity is one month. In addition to the major modifications (Mod Shop), some modifications may be installed on site. These type of minor modifications render equipment unavailable for short periods of time. Inspections - Inspections may be conducted by different levels of command (brigade, battalion, etc.). F o r m a l inspections a r e conducted at scheduled command periods. These inspections render the equipment down f o r the minimum time in o r d e r not t o int e r f e r e with continuous target coverage. Follow-On Operational Test (FOT) - FOT's a r e firing exercises of the Pershing missiles conducted t o ensure system reliability. P r i m a r i l y , each battalion participates in an FOT exercise once every two fiscal years. One o r two batteries of the battalion, chosen at random and notified on a "surprise" b a s i s participate in the operation. The missiles and personnel of a battery leaving CAS a r e flown to the CONUS t e s t range. After the missiles a r e counted, the personnel assume an a l e r t status until a no-notice r e l e a s e i s received and the missiles a r e fired. During the absence of this battery f r o m the theater, target coverage i s assumed by the GARS 111 personnel and equipment.

Arty-Ord Test (A10 Test) - A / O 1 s a r e additional firing operations t o exercise the p r o ficiency of battalion personnel. They do not contribute to equipment downtime since all ground equipment i s furnished by the CONUS support battalion and instrumented m i s s i l e s a r e provided f r o m depot stock. The absence of personnel, however, effectively places the battery "down, " and its assigned mission must be assumed by another battery. A / O 1 s a r e conducted, on the average, semiannually, and battalions participate on a rotational basis. DevelopmentTest (DT) - D T ' s a r e conducted to ensure the tactical acceptability of newly developed equipment. Battalions participate in these activities on a preassigned basis. These t e s t s a r e conducted on an "as required" basis. During these periods of unavailability of equipment, i n t r a a n d / o r interbattalion t a r g e t coverage is provided.

Appendix A

Functional Flow Diagrams (OperatiodEquipment)

Appendix B

Top Level Planning Flow Diagrams