Chapters 2 + 3

Power up your clicker! Here comes EXAM ONE!!!

Fat molecules contain much more stored energy than carbohydrate molecules.

2.15 Proteins are versatile macromolecules that serve as building blocks.

Amino Acids
Twenty Strung

different amino acids together to make proteins

2.16 Proteins are an essential dietary component.

Growth
Repair Replacement

2.17 Protein functions are influenced by their three-dimensional shape.

Peptide

bonds

Why do some people have curly hair and others have straight hair?

2.19 Nucleic acids are macromolecules that store information.

Information Storage
The

information in a molecule of DNA is determined by its sequence of bases. guanine, cytosine, and thymine

Adenine,

CGATTACCCGAT

2.20 DNA holds the genetic information to build an organism.

RNA differs from DNA in three important ways.

The

sugar molecule of the sugarphosphate backbone

Single-stranded
Uracil

(U) replaces thymine (T)

Chapter 3: Cells

The smallest part of you

Lectures by Mark Manteuffel, St. Louis Community College; Clicker Questions by Kristen Curran, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater

The cell: the smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all the necessary functions of life, including reproducing itself.

Cells

Robert Hooke, a British scientist, mid-1600s A cell is a three-dimensional structure, like a fluid-filled balloon, in which many of the essential chemical reactions of life take place. Nearly all cells contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

How to See a Cell

Cell Theory
1. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. 2. All cells arise from other pre-existing cells.

Every cell on earth falls into one of two basic categories:

1. A eukaryotic cell has a central control structure called a nucleus which contains the cells DNA. Eukaryotes

2. A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus; its DNA simply resides in the middle of the cell prokaryotes