Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2000
Manitoba Education and Training
510
Senior 4 pre-calculus mathematics. Cumulative exercises: a supplement to a foundation for implementation. ISBN 0-7711-2870-3 1. Mathematics-Problems, exercises, etc. 2. Calculus-Problems, exercises, etc. 3. Mathematics-Study and teaching (Secondary). 4. Calculus-Study and teaching (Secondary). I. Manitoba. Dept. of Education and Training.
Copyright 2000, the Crown in Right of Manitoba as represented by the Minister of Education and Training. Manitoba Education and Training, School Programs Division, 1970 Ness Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3J OY9. Every effort has been made to acknowledge original sources and to comply with copyright law. If cases are identified where this has not been done, please inform Manitoba Education and Training. Errors or omissions will be corrected in a future edition. Sincere thanks to the authors and publishers who allowed their original material to be adapted or reproduced.
Cumulative Exercises
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Manitoba Education and Training gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the following individuals in the development of Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Cumulative Exercises: A Supplement to A Foundation for Implementation (40S). Senior 2-4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Revision Committee John Barsby Lynn Batten Joseph Combiadakis Abdou Daoudi David Klassen William Korytowski Viviane Leonard J ayesh Maniar Don Nichol Hilliard Sawchuk Connie Shaver Kathy Tetlock Don Trim Barb Vukets Wayne Watt Alan Wells St. John's-Ravenscourt Department of Mathematics Bureau de l'education francaise Notre Dame Collegiate R.D. Parker Collegiate Sisler High College Beliveau Oak Park High Whitemouth School Rivers Silver Heights Collegiate School Programs Division Department of Mathematics River East Collegiate School Programs Division Winnipeg Independent Schools University of Manitoba Manitoba Education and Training Mountain S.D. No 28 Mystery Lake S.D. No. 2355 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 St. Boniface S.D. No.4 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Agassiz S.D. No. 13 St. James-Assiniboia S.D. No.2 Manitoba Education and Training University of Manitoba River East S.D. No.9 Manitoba Education and Training
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Cumulative Exercises Committee John Barsby Barry Boothe Judy Bowes Ruth Dyck John Enns Lyn J annuska Dennis Kasian David Klassen Bill Korytowski Kelly Livesley Joyce McCallurn Don Nichol Christine Ottawa Larry Ruppel Gordon Smith Ketri Wilkes St. John's-Ravenscourt Fort Richmond Collegiate St. John's-Ravenscourt Westgate Mennonite Collegiate Westgate Mennonite Collegiate Crocus Plains Regional River East Collegiate R.D. Parker Collegiate Balmoral Hall University of Winnipeg Collegiate Morden Collegiate Whitemouth School St. John's High School River East Collegiate MacGregor Collegiate John Taylor Collegiate Independent Schools Fort Garry S.D. No.5 Independent Schools Independent Schools Independent Schools Brandon S.D. No. 40 River East S.D. No.9 Mystery Lake S.D. No. 2355 Independent Schools Independent Schools Western S.D. No. 47 Agassiz S.D. No. 13 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 River East S.D. No.9 Pine Creek S.D. No. 30 St. James Assiniboia S.D. No.2
III
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Field Validation (Pilot) Project (1997-2000) Dave Barnes Darryl Bohart Barry Boothe** Chris Boumford Judy Bowes Paul Carpenter Pat Clark Kim Deamel Darren Deserranno* Ruth Dyck John Enns Dean Favoni Arlyn Filewich Harland Garinger Jan Gibson Eva Goldfeld Chuck Hatfield Jerry Hildebrand Erwin Hildebrandt Greg J akubec Lyn Jannuska Brian Johnston** Dennis Kasian Doug Kinney Dave Klassen Peter Kula Doug Kutcher Don Lepper Kelly Livesley* Tanis Macdonald Bill Marshall Joyce McCallum Pat McCrea Ralph McKay Patty Miller Les Mitchell Mike Nantais Neelin High River East Collegiate Fort Richmond Collegiate Shaftesbury High St. John's-Ravenscourt Morden Collegiate Gordon Bell School Carman Collegiate Swan Valley Regional Westgate Mennonite Collegiate Westgate Mennonite Collegiate Dakota Collegiate Fort Richmond Collegiate Hapnot Collegiate Kelvin High Daniel McIntyre Collegiate Shaftesbury High Vincent Massey Collegiate River East Collegiate Oak Park High Crocus Plains Regional Whitemouth School River East Collegiate Neelin High R.D. Parker Collegiate Springfield Collegiate Whitemouth School Sanford Collegiate John Taylor Collegiate Vincent Massey High Swan Valley Regional Morden Collegiate Portage Collegiate Windsor Park Collegiate R.D. Parker Collegiate Fort Richmond Collegiate Boissevain School Brandon S.D. No. 40 River East S.D. No.9 Fort Garry S.D. No.5 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Independent Schools Western S.D. No. 47 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 Midland S.D. No. 25 Swan Valley S.D. No. 35 Independent Schools Independent Schools St. Vital S.D. No.6 Fort Garry S.D. No.5 Flin Flon S.D. No. 46 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Fort Garry S.D. No.5 River East S.D. No.9 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Brandon S.D. No. 40 Agassiz S.D. No. 13 River East S.D. No.9 Brandon S.D. No. 40 Mystery Lake S.D. No. 2355 Transcona-Springfield S.D. No. 12 Agassiz S.D. No. 13 Morris-Macdonald S.D. No. 19 St. James-Assiniboia S.D. No.2 Brandon S.D. No. 40 Swan Valley S.D. No. 35 Western S.D. No. 47 Portage la Prairie S.D. No. 24 St. Boniface S.D. No.4 Mystery Lake S.D. No. 2355 Fort Garry S.D. No.5 Turtle Mountain S.D. No. 44
Iv
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Don Nichol* Joe Oczerklewicz** Rob Pehura Norm Roseman Larry Ruppel John Scott Mark Sefton Gordon Smith Edith Steeves Wanda Stockford Jim Stuparyk Hans Tauchnitz Egon Ulrich** Ketri Wilkes Rick Williamson Frank Wilson
Whitemouth School John Taylor Collegiate Winnipegosis Collegiate Grant Park High River East Collegiate Dakota Collegiate Vincent Massey High MacGregor Collegiate Joseph H. Kerr Miami Collegiate Kelvin High Oak Park High Springfield Collegiate John Taylor Collegiate Arthur Meighen High Vincent Massey Collegiate
Agassis S.D. No. 13 St. James-Assiniboia S.D. No.2 Duck Mountain S.D. No. 34 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 River East S.D. No.9 St. Vital S.D. No.6 Brandon S.D. No. 40 Pine Creek S.D. No. 30 Swan Lake S.D. No. 2309 Midland S.D. No. 25 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Transcona-Springfield S.D. No. 12 St. James-Assiniboia S.D. No.2 Portage la Prairie S.D. No. 24 Fort Garry S.D. No.5
Manitoba Education and Training Staff School Programs Division Carole Bilyk Lee-Ila Bothe Diane Cooley Grant Moore Katharine Tetlock Wayne Watt Murielle White Consultant Coordinator Project Manager Publications Editor Consultant Project Leader Desktop Publisher Curriculum Unit Program Development Branch Production Support Unit Program Development Branch Curriculum Unit Program Development Branch Production Support Unit Program Development Branch Learning Technologies Unit Program Development Branch Curriculum Unit Program Development Branch Production Support Unit Program Development Branch
Cumulative Exercises
Notes
vi
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements Exercise 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
ui
New Topic Presented Degree and Radian Measure The Unit Circle 3 5 1
Solving Trigonometric Equations on a Specified Interval General Solution of Trigonometric Equations Graphing Circular Functions Translations 13 16 19 11 9
Horizontal and Vertical Stretches Symmetry, Reflections, and Inverses Graphing Reciprocals
22 25
27 30
Sum and Difference Identities I Sum and Difference Identities II Double Angle Identities Exponential Functions 41 44 46
vII
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
Exercise 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Outcome(s) D-3, D-4 D-5 D-5 D-6 D-6 D-7, D-8 60 D-8 E-1 65 E-2 E-2
Exponential and Logarithmic Equations I Exponential and Logarithmic Equations II Natural Logarithms 58
56
Circular Permutations
Binomial Theorem
76
E-4
E-2, E-3, E-4 F-1, F-2, F-3 F-1, F-2, F-3 F-1, F-2, F-3
36 37 38 39 40 41 42
Sample Spaces
G-1, G-2 90
G-3 G-3
G-4
viii
Cumulative Exercises
Exercise
Outcome(s)
43 44
45
Conditional Probability II
98 101
G-4 G-5
Probability Using Permutations and Combinations Geometric Sequences Geometric Series 106 108 103
H-l
H-2 H-3
46
47 48
Infinite Geometric Series Review I Review II Review III 111 113 115
49 50
Ix
Cumulative Exercises
Notes
Cumulative Exercises
INTRODUCTION
These exercises provide experiences related to the student learning outcomes for Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics. These exercises have the following features: The exercises are cumulative. Each exercise starts with questions related to new work, and then moves to questions based on previous topics. In the early exercises, the previous topics draw on material from Senior 2 Pre-Calculus Mathematics and Senior 3 Pre-Calculus Mathematics. The cumulative nature of these exercises is designed to allow students to master concepts over a number of days, rather than all at once. In traditionally arranged exercises, students may do 25 questions on a topic and then move on. In these exercises, students will do as many questions, but not all at once. Some may feel they are moving on before they have mastered the previous topic. However, that mastery comes with time, and is reinforced frequently. This presentation of topics should also enhance retention since no topic ever disappears. It should also encourage students to see the connections among the many parts of Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics. Students find assessments easier with this cumulative approach, often requiring little formal review before summative assessment.
As the course progresses, students frequently are asked to explain their reasoning and to write simple proofs. Most exercises contain some problems that are aimed at a creative synthesis of ideas rather than simply a mastery of skills. Schools on the semester system should spend about one day per exercise. This leaves a substantial number of days for assessment, group work, projects, mental mathematics, and other learning experiences. Schools not on the semester system may require two class periods per exercise.
Materials Scientific calculators are required throughout. Students should use spreadsheets and graphing technology where appropriate. Some parents may not approve of the use of playing cards and dice when teaching lessons in probability. Teachers may want to use number cards and number cubes instead.
xl
Cumulative Exercises
Notes
xII
Cumulative Exercises
b. -1200
c. 4600
d. 3300
2. Convert the following values from radian measure to degree measure. Round off to one decimal place where necessary. a.
-7n
6
b.
1m
12
c. 2.634
d. -0.9825
3. Determine the supplement of 5n. 12 4. Express the supplement of 1300 in radian measure. Leave your answer in terms of n. 5. Find the complement of the third angle of an isosceles triangle where the two equal angles each have a measure of 2n. Express in radians. 7 6. If two parallel lines, intersected by a transversal, have interior alternate angles of 24 and n radians, find the value ofx. x
0
7. Solve for x if the two angles referenced in the previous question were interior angles on the same side of the transversal. 8. For what values of 0 in the interval 0 ~ 0 ~ 2n are the following conditions met? a. sin 0 < 0 and cos 0 > 0 c. tan 0 > 0 b. sin 0 > 0 and cos 0 ~ 0 d. cos0 ~ 0
9. Determine the quadrant(s) in which the following would be true. a. sin e < 0 b. cos0 =
-J3
3
and tan 0 =
--J2
10. In what quadrantts) is the point PCO) if we know that a. cos 0 is negative? b. sin e < 0 and tan e > O?
Continued 1
Cumulative Exercises
A-1
6.J12 + 2-J27.
=5
x2 -
15. Simplify:
3 6 X X
16. Solve the following equations: a. (x + 3)2 + 2 = 20 6 x-I b.---=4 x 2 17. A line has a slope of 2 and a y-intercept of 12. Find the x-intercept of this line.
3
3x.
19. Find the points where the line x + y 20. Solve for x: ax + b = ex + d.
= 6 intersects
the parabolay
=-
1
X2
+ x.
Cumulative Exercises
b.
Un 6
c.
-1l'
2. For the following, state a positive coterminal angle from 0::;;e::;; 360. a. 510 b. -390 c. 840 d. -210
3. For the following, state a positive coterminal angle from 0 ::;; ::;; 21l'. e a.
1911'_
b.
1251l'
c.
-131l'
d.
141l'
e is positive
0 and cose < 0
b. tan P 0
d. sine = - and cose =5 5
c. sine>
-3
5. Assuming that the point p(e) lies on the intersection of the unit circle and the line segment joining the origin to the point indicated, find the coordinates of P( 8). a. (6, 8) b. (-9, 40) c. (-4, -12) d. (0, -3)
6. If
(1
1. If sin
e=
8. If cose
=.J6
4
and sine
= -M,
4
and
simplify.
. 9 . I s t h e pomt
10. If a wheel having a circumference of 30 metres rolls five metres, how many radians has it turned? How many degrees has it turned?
Continued 3
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
A-2
answers are
= ';x2 = 2x
16. Let 0 be the origin and A the vertex of y = X2 + 6x + 10. Find the length of OA. 17. The diagram shows the graph of y = ... x Vertical lines through C(6, 0) and D(2,0) meet this graph at B and A as shown. a. Find the area of trapezoid ABCD. b. Find the perimeter of trapezoid ABCD.
7 6 5 4 3 2
1
1 -1
3 D
5 C
-2
16.
o.
20. Write the following equation in the form y = a(x - h)2 + k. (General form): y = 10x2 - 9x + 2. (Hint: Complete the square.)
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
A-3
. 4n b . Sln3
c. cosn
d. sec( -;)
e. tan-
7n
4
-5n) f. cot(4
b. sin 300
c. tan 330
d. csc 1350
1-cos3
n 3
-cosn b. sin n =
6
a. _------=3""-.. = n
l+cos-
sm-
. n 3
3 ~
2
e=
is,
find
e where: ~ 3n
2
c. -
3n ~ 2
e ~ 2n
e where 0 ~ e ~ 2n that
-J2
-1
-J3
2
2
e = -J3 and
= --1
25n
6
. 9n b. Sln4
c. tan(
-l:n )
-35n) d. csc(-6-
Continued 5
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
A-3
10. For what values of e in one positive revolution do both sin negative values?
11. Express 1m radians to the nearest tenth of a degree.
24
12. Express the size of the angles for a right isosceles triangle in radians as a multiple of n. 13. If the corrresponding angles for two lines intersected by a transversal are 5n radians and 75, determine if the lines are parallel. 12 14. If sin 15. If
e= ~
2
e.
e = n + 2nn,
m).
17. ABCD is a square and E is the midpoint of BC. Find, to the nearest degree, the measure of L AED. 18. Solve for x: .J2x + 3 -.Jx + 1 = 1. 19. Find the perpendicular distance between the parallel lines 3x + 4y and 3x + 4y = 1.
=6
20. Sketch the graph of the followingrational function. State any intercepts and equations of asymptotes.
H(x)
2x + 1
x-4
Cumulative Exercises
Solve the equations in questions 2-5 over the interval 0 ~ 8 ~ 2& Give the exact values. 2.2sin28-sin8=0 4. 2tan8+2.J3 =0 3. tan8+.J3 =0
5. 2cos8+.J3 = 0
Solve the equations in questions 6-8 over the interval ; 6. 4cos28 = 1 8. 2 cos" 8 - 5 cos 8 - 3 = 0 7. 2 sin 8 + -J2 = 0
s 8~
3 1r. 2
. .. 2Jt' 7Jt' 9 . D etermine t h e exact va Iue for t h e expreSSIOn:SIn- .cos- .tan (-3Jt') . -3 6 4
10. Show that the following is true: 2cos2 Jt'-1 = cos" Jt'_ sin" Jt'. 6 6 6
-3 12. If cos 8 = - and tan 8 > 0, find the value for sin 8.
4
13. Given P(27Jt')is a point on the unit circle, find the quadrant and the coordinates of the point P using two different methods. 14. You have been given the following multiple choice question on a test: "Which interval satisfies the following condition: cos 8 > sin (J?"
a. 0 ~ 8~ 2
tc
b . - < 8<- 2 4 -
Jt'
Jt'
c. 0 ~ 8~ 4
Jt'
d. 0 ~ 8< 4
Jt'
Jt'<8<Jt' e. 4 - - 2
Explain which answer is correct, which answers are incorrect, and why.
Continued
7
18. Multiple Choice. The diagram on the right shows the graph of y = ax2 + bx + c. Which of the following is true? a. b. c. d. a a a a
> 0 and b2 > 0 and b
2 2 -
> 0
19. Find the domain and range of fix) 20. A line through (0, 2) intersects the parabola y = X2 at points A and B. If A is the point (-1, 1), find the coordinates of B.
= 3x2
+ 6x - 5.
Cumulative Exercises
=~
=~
5. (1 + sin 8)(1- cose) = 0 6. 2sec8 + 4:: 0 7. 4csc8 + 6:: 14 8. (sin 8 - 1)(2see 8 + 1) :: 0 Solve the equations in questions 9 and 10 in the interval - 21" 8 $ 211'. $ 9.4sin28-3=0 10. 5 tan 8 + 5 = 0 Solve the equations in questions 11 and 12 in the interval 0 $ 8 $ 211'. 11. cos8 + cos28 + sin2= 0 12. 2 sin'' 8 + sin 8 - 1 = 0 13. Find the range of the function: fix) = X2 + 3x - 1. 14. As you stop your car at a traffic light, a pebble becomes wedged between the tire treads. The diameter of the wheel is 80 em. When the light changes, you travel a distance of 130 m before discovering the pebble (you have excellent hearing!). How many revolutions has the pebble made?
Continued
9
a. Find the radius of the circle to two decimal places. b. Find the area of the pentagon to two decimal places. 17. If $5000 is invested for five years at 6% compounded annually, what will be the value of the investment at the end of five years? 18. Find the distance from the point (-1, 3) to the liney = 3 x+6. 19. Solve for x: ax + c
2
= bix
- c).
x+y=7 x-z=8
2x - y - 2z = 12
10
Cumulative Exercises
A-6
0 - 4' '4'2'
n n 3n
4'
...
2. Analyze the graph of the sine function as sketched in question 1 by identifying the following: a. amplitude b. period c. domain d. range e. zeroes
4. Analyze the graph of the cosine function as sketched in question 3 by identifying the following: a. amplitude b. period c. domain d. range e. zeroes
5. How do the graphs of the sine function and cosine function compare? 6. Graph the function fix)
= tanx.
7. By referring to the graph in question 6, analyze the tangent function by identifying the following: a. amplitude b. period c. domain d. range e. zeroes
8. Locate where the tangent function is undefined and state the equations of the asymptotes. 9. Over the interval (-2n, 2n), state where the followingwould be true: a. sin
e is increasing
b. cos e is decreasing
10. Solve the equation sin'' e + sin e - 4 11. Solve graphically the equation sinx answers as exact values.
12. Use technology to solve the followingequation in the interval 0 ~ 2 sin" e = -sin 13. If see e =
e < 2n:
e + 2. State
and tan
-J7
2
e<
17. One plane is 20 km from the Winnipeg Airport. A larger plane is 17 km from the airport. If the angle between the sightings is 110,how far apart are the planes? 18. Find a linear function of the form /tx) 19. Find exact values for x and y.
= mx
18 and /t2)
= 24.
20. Letf(x)
2x = --.
x-2
a. Find /t3) and ttft3. b. Prove that ttftx = x for all values of x.
12
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
8-1
Exercise 7: Translations
1. Given fix)
a. fix)
= X2,
b. fix) - 2
c. fix + 1)
3. Given fix) = _X2 + 2, sketch the graph of: a. fix) b. fix) - 3 c. fix - 3)
b. fix + 2) c. fix + 1) + 3
5. Sketch the graph ofy = 3 + sinx. 6. Sketch the graph of y = sin(x - ~) + 2. 7. State the range, period, and amplitude of the graphs on questions 5 and 6. 8. Given the sketch of g(x) = fix + 2) + 1, sketch fix):
y
.(-3,2).
(2, -2)
Continued
13
Exercise 7: Translations
9. Given the graphs of fix) and g(x): a. Express fix) as a function ofgix). b. Express g(x) as a function of fix).
-.J2
2
11. Find the approximate values of the equation 3 sin'' e + 5 sin e - 2 = 0 for 0 s e s 21r. 12. fix) = cosx + 1. Without drawing its graph, give the domain and range of fix).
. ---- -- --~-----~-----,A(-l,O)
t
Continued 14
Cumulative Exercises
8-1
Exercise 7: Translations
14. Write a trigonometric equation that has the given roots n, ~ over the domain
[0, Jr].
= (x
- 1)2(x
+ 5).
16. Write an equation for a polynomial function with x-intercepts of -2, 3, and 4, and a y-intercept of 8. 17. A circle with radius 3 units has its centre at (8, 12). Write equations for two vertical lines tangent to the circles. 18. The function f(x) is periodic with period 4. If f(0) f(3) = 12, what is the value of f(75)? 19. /).ABC is isosceles as shown. a. What is the equation of the line through A and C? b. What is the equation of the line through Band C?
y.
~~------------------------~--------~x
+ 2)2 - 3, find, in standard form, the quadratic function which would be obtained by sliding the above graph two units left and four units up.
= (x
15
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
8-2
c. fi2x)
3. Given fix) = cos x, sketch the graph of the following and state the range, period, and amplitude.
a. fix)
b. 3fix)
c. fi2x)
d. fi3x) + 1
b. fi2x)
c. 3fix) - 1
d. fi3x) + 1
Given the graph of fix) below, describe each transformation in words and sketch each graph:
5. 3f(x) 6. f(2x)
7.
f(;)
-3
-2
-2
g(x)
f(~ x
sketch f(x).
(5.00, 1.00)
Continued 16
Cumulative Exercises
10. If the domain is the set of real numbers, what are the solutions for the equation 2 sin'' e + 3 sin e + 1 = O? 11. If the roots of the trigonometric equation are equation.
2"' 6" on
12. Solve the following equation, given that the domain is the set of all real numbers: sin" e + cos" e + 2 cos e = o. 13. Draw the graph of y = cos( x - ~) on the interval 0 ~ x ~ 2n .
X2 -:
x+
={ 4
if x '#-2 . if x =-2
~2,
16. Given that the formula for the area of a circular sector is A =
where
e is
the central angle, explain why the area of a circle is given by nr2. 17. Sketch the graphs ofy2 = x andy
=.JX.
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
8-2
=k
is
20. a. If the radius of the circle is 12 and sector AOB. b. If the radius is rand
e=
1C
e = 1C
c. Prove that the area of a sector is given by A = ..! fJr2, where r is the radius and e is the central angle in radians. 2
~::..----~B
18
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
8-3
-2
4. State whether each of the following is even, odd, or neither. a. fix) d. fix)
= 3x2 = -sin
b. fix) e. fix)
= -4x2 = 13xI
+ 3x
c. fix) f. fix)
= cos x =7
5. a. For each of the equations below, indicate whether the graph is symmetric with respect to the y-axis. i. y = X2 ii. x = y2 iii. X2 + y2 = 1 iv. X2 + X4 = Y b. How would you test whether the above can be symmetric with respect to the x-axis? 6. a. Is the graph of y = sinx symmetric with respect to either coordinate axis? b. Is the graph of y = cosx symmetric with respect to either coordinate axis? 7. a. Write an equation for the line formed by reflecting y b. Write an equation for the line formed by reflecting y 8. Given f (x) = -r; + 2, state
f -1 (x),
Continued
19
10. a. The given graph is part of an EVEN function. Complete the graph. b. The given graph is part of an ODD function. Complete the graph.
y 5 4 3 - 2' , : , , : ,
: - - - - - - - - - -:-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 1 : , , ~~~~r++-++~~~~~~~++-+~X S 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1
-2 -3 -4
11. Solve over the real numbers to two decimal places: sec () = -2. 12. a. Stretch horizontally by a factor of 2 b. Stretch vertically by a factor of 3 c. Stretch horizontally by a factor of 2
1
(-4,~) :
-2
(2, -3)
..
-5
Continued
20
Cumulative Exercises
B-3
14. Solve this equation for ()with the domain being all real numbers. cos2(} sin2(}+ 3sin(} = 3 + 15. Find the distance from the origin to the line x - 2y + 15 =
o.
$ ()$
16. Find the values of ()in the equation 6 sin'' ()+ 13sin () = 5 for 0 17. The graph represents the unit circle X2 + y2 = l. This is equivalent to y2 = 1- X2 or y = -J 1- X2 Sketch the graph of: b. y
2n.
= --Jl-x2
18. Sketch the graph ofy = -J x - 2. What geometric figure does this represent? 19. This parabola opens down and crosses the x-axis at x = 1 and x = 3. Write down the equations of two different parabolas with this property.
20. If the parabola in question 19 has its vertex at (2, 16), find its equation.
21
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
8-4
x-2
b. f(x) = --2
x
2. Sketch the graph and specify the domain, range, and zeroes of: 1 f(x) = x+3-4 3. Sketch the graph and specify the domain, range, and zeroes of:
f(x) =
1
X2 _
4. Sketch the graph and specify the domain, range, and zeroes of:
-1
f(x) =
X2
+4
5. Sketch the graph and specify the domain, range, and zeroes of: a. f(x) = sin x
. b. f(x) = _.1_
sm x
1
7. Solve the equation for 8 where 0 ~ 8 ~ 360: sin 28 = -0.5794 8. If cos 8 > 0 and tan 8 < 0, in what quadrant does 8 lie?
Continued 22
Cumulative Exercises
=.!
2
10. Multiple Choice: The statement which describes the vertical asymptotes of y = tan x is:
3n 2
b. 57
c. -8.5
d. -22n
12. Solve this system of equations for a and 2 tan a - 4 cos f3 = 4 tana + 2cosf3=-1 1 13. Sketch the graph of fix) = X2 _ 4
f3 where
o s a s 2 nand o ~ f3 ~ 2 n
= ~1-
= 1 is the
unit circle.)
Continued
23
Cumulative Exercises
8-4
19. Given each graph, perform the indicated transformations to sketch a new graph. a. reflect in the y-axis b. reflect in the x-axis
.!
2
.!
2
24
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
B-5, B-6
I-x -11
1
4. y
= -I x-2 2
= -21 x
6. y 1
31 + 3
7.
v= I x-3 I
For questions 8 and 9, sketch the graph and state the domain, range, and period.
8. y
= I sinx I
9. y=-3Icosxl 10. Given fix) = X2, sketch the graph and state the zeroes of: a. fix + 2)
b. - 2fix)
c. -2fix - 1) + 3
= 3sin(~
)-2.
+ 3)
12. Given fix) below, sketch the graph and state the domain and range of:
a. y
= fix
b. y = fi-2x)
c. y = fi -x + 1)
d. y
= fi2x
- 2)
Continued 25
Cumulative Exercises
B-5, B-6
1- cosO sin f .
A(-l, 0)
.....I-.l..---I
-C(l,O)
16. The equation of a parabola is: y = ax2 + c. If the points (2, 2) and (1, -3) lie on the parabola, find the values of a and c. 17. The value of x + y is between 5 and 6. On a coordinate graph, shade in the region in which the point (x, y) must be located. 18. Solve for x: 3 1 + - = 1. x +x x
2
2x + 3 do not intersect.
26
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
8-6
= 4fix)
1
b. y b. y b. y +1 + 1) b. y b. y
2. a. y=-f(x) 4 3. a. y=--f(x) 5 4. a. y 5. a. y 6. a. y
1
= 2fix) = 4fix
2
- 2)
= -1 f(x)-5
-Jx-2
1 b. y=-f(x)+4
2X2
Ix I.
b. fix)
9. Sketch the graph, and state the range, period, and amplitude of: a. fix)
= sin x
= 2 sin x
c. fix)
= sin 2x
10. Sketch the graph, and state the range and period of: a. fix) = I cos x
I
=
b. fix) = cos" X
l:~::::
(x_n)3
~~~~~l )
on [n, 00)
Continued 27
Given the graph of fix) below, sketch the graph and state the domain and range of: 13. y 14. y
= f(x)
1
1-3
= f(~x)
2x + 3 In th e .L'. . rorm y
x-I
R = Q +--.
x-I
. 2x+3 16. Use the result from question 15 to sketch the graph ofy =--
x-I
17. Multiple Choice. A circle and a square have equal areas. If the perimeter of the square is P, then the circumference of the circle is:
a. nP
b.
c.
-Jip
2 d.
-J1i
e.
2n..JP
Continued
28
Cumulative Exercises
= sin x and
51[Y
= 2x intersect
at k different e. 7
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
20. Given the circle with centre 0 and a diameter of 20 decimetres, find the area of the shaded region.
29
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
B-7
1. This graph represents y = fix). Use the sine function to find an equation for fix).
4. Use the cosine function to find an equation for the graph in question 3. 5. Write an equation for this graph.
-3.14
-1
3.14
6.28
9.42
-2
6. The depth of water in a harbour is given by the equation d(t) = -4.5 cos(O.16m) + 13.7, where d(t) is the depth, in metres, and t is the time, in hours, after low tide. a. Sketch the graph of d(t). b. What is the period of the tide, from one high tide to the next? c. A bulk carrier needs at least 14.5 metres of water to dock safely. For how many hours per cycle can the bulk carrier dock safely?
Continued 30
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
8-7
J:..(~+-.!:.).
m r p
14. On the left below is a list of functions. On the right are descriptions of how the graphs of these functions can be formed from the graph of f(x). Match each function with its description. a. y = -f(x) 1. Stretch horizontally by a factor of 3. b. y d. y
= f(-x) = 3f(x)
c. y = f(3x)
e. y =
f( %
15. Sketch the graph off(x) in the formf(x) 16. Graph: y = 3 = Q+~.
= ~.
x+1
x+1
1x + 21.
Continued
31
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
8-7
ab sinO
if a and b are two sides and 0 is the angle between them. b. Use the formula from 17a to find the area of a triangle with sides of length 15 and 20 and an included angle of 45. 18. The horizontal line y is the value of k? 19. Solve for x and y:
=k
Y
= X2
Fx +2 r:
-19 -i x - 2Y = 3
20. a. How many different parabolas cross the x-axis at (0, 0) and (2, O)? b. Write equations for two such parabolas.
-1
3
32
Cumulative Exercises
C-1
2. Express each of the following entirely in terms of cos 8 . a. sec8 b. sin28 c. tan28
3. Express each of the following in terms of sin 8 or cos 8 or both. a. sin8csc8 b. sin28+ \ sec 8 c. l-csc28
6. tan 8 cot 8 = 1
9. Solve the equation: 4sin8+2.J3 = 0 for the interval 0 $ 8 $ 2n-. 10. Solve the equation: 3 cos8 + 2 = 0 for the interval 0 $ 8 $ 360. Give answers to one decimal place. 11. Graph both sides of the following equation: _1_ - cosx = tan 8 sin 8 cosx a. What do you notice about the graphs? b. Verify algebraically that the above is an identity. 12. Identify the quadrant ofP(8) for each of the followingvalues of (): a. 8 = 600 b. 8 = -400
c. 8= 1m 3 d. 8 =-9
-3 13. If sin8 = - and cos8 > 0, find the exact value of tan 8. 4 14. If 8 = -,
-8n3
Continued 33
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
C-1
= -..J3 .
2
=-1
fTf( 4)].
(-3,0)
1 (2,0)
y =f(x)
20. The line y = mx, m > 0, touches the parabola y at only one point. Find the value of m.
= X2
+9
y.
.-----~-------.x
34
Cumulative Exercises
C-1
sec x
2. cos" X
sin" x = 1 - 2 sin" x
5. 2see" x
1 + 1 1- sin x 1+ sin x
= tan" =
x - cot" X
sin" x
1 - 2 sin" x
sec 8 -1 2
1+sec e II
10. Solve the equation over the interval 0 ~ 8 ~ 21r . State your answer to four decimal places. 3 - 6 tan 8 = tan 8 + 6
11. Find the value of sin 8 if cos 8
= ~~
12. Solve graphically the following equation for 8 over the set of real numbers. (Give answers to four decimal places.) 6 sin 2 8 + 10sin 8 - 4 = 0
Continued 35
Cumulative Exercises
14. Prove the following identity using two different methods. sec2t - 1 . 2t 2t = SIn sec 15. Express each of the following in radian measure. a. 2250 b. 2160 c. 1250 d. 105
0
27r
3
b.
57r
6
c.
47r
3
d.
37r
4
17. If fix) = 2x + 3, find the y-intercept of the graph of y = Mx)]. 18. Multiple Choice. If a < 0 and b2 could represent y = ax? + bx + c? a. b.
-
d.
19. Factor x3
20. Iff(x)
2x2+ 3x - 6. ,findf-l(5).
= x+3
x-2
36
Cumulative Exercises
C-2
2. Find the exact value of cos(~) by setting a = 1(; and f3 = 1(; in the relevant formula. 12 3 4 3. Using the known relationships for sin(a + f3) and cos(a + f3), derive the formula for tan(a + f3) and express in terms of tangent only. 4. Using a =
a. . 71(;
SID-
1(;
and f3 =
1(; ,
find: b. cos12
71(;
12
c. tan-
71(;
12
5. Determine a formula for the following, expressing in terms of tangent only: a. cot(a + f3) b. tan(a - f3)
71(; .
Let a =
1(;
and f3 =
1(;
7. Find the exact value of cos 105by using 45 and 60. 8. Given that sin a quadrant I, find: a. sin(a+ f3) b. cos(a+ f3) d. in what quadrant is the point pea + f3)? c. sec(a + f3)
= 2.,
25
and cos f3 =
41
= -cost
a. What do you notice about the graphs? b. Verify algebraically that the above equation is an identity. 10. Find the exact value of sin218 + cos" 18 2 1-cos 210
Continued 37
e=
~ and sin
1- cosx sm x
16. Find the distance from line 2x - 3y + 7 = 0 to the point on the unit circle at n. 3 17. Sketch the graph of y = X2(X
-
2).
19. The graph represents a function fix). a. If the roots, b. If the roots, equation fix) what can be equation fix) what can be k has exactly four said about k? = k has exactly two said about k?
=
20. A cone has a height of 8 em and a radius of 6 cm. When it is cut along the line AB and flattened, it forms the shape shown in figure 2. a. How long is AB? b. What is the length of the major arc BC in figure 2? c. How many degrees are in L CAB? d. What was the surface area of the cone?
A
B Figure 1
ebB
Figure 2
38
Cumulative Exercises
C-2
~) .
3. Write sec(: +
e) as a function of e only.
cos t
=-
b.
5IT. IT
cos(t +
3;)
sint
5. Give the exact value for the following: a. Sin-COS--COS-Sln16 16 16 16 b. cos33 cos27- sin 33 sin 27 6. Given sin a
. 51T IT
= -4
a. Find the coordinates ofP(a - 13). b. In which quadrant does the terminal side of (a - 13) lie? 7. Show the following is true: sin( e -
e + :)
- tan(
e-
3:) =
= cos" X
9. Prove the identity: sin(a + 13) + sin(a - 13) = 2sin acos 13 10. Show that the following relationship is always true: cos(x + y) cos(x - y)
-
sin" y
Continued 39
cota +cotf3
12. If cos a
=~
13
13. Create the right-hand side of the following equation: sin t = it an identity using a. sum or difference of cosines b. sum or difference of sines c. Prove the identity in a. algebraically
to make
14. Solve the following equations over the real numbers, expressing your answer to two decimal places: 2sin285sin83
=0
15. If 8 = -924, find the related angle for 8. 16. Find the approximate values for 8 if 0 ~ 8 ~ 21t' nd 3cos2 8 = cos 8 (to two a decimal places). 17. If x3 - y3
= (x
- y)(x2
18. If x3 + y3 = (x + y)(x2 - xy + y2), find the factors of tan" x + cot" x. 19. Prove the following identity: see"x(l - sin" x) = 1.
40 ,
Cumulative Exercises
C-2
= 2cos2 0 -
b. cos20
1 - 2sin20
3. Derive a relationship for tan 20. 4. Evaluate tan (120)using the above double angle formula and setting 0 = 60. 5. Evaluate cos 1t to two decimal places, given that cos~ = 0.95. Use a double 5 10 angle formula to find this result. 6. Prove this identity: csc2x - cot2x 7. If sin 0 = a. sin20
= tanx.
and cos 0 =
~,
find:
b. cos20
8. If 0 is the angle indicated in the diagram, find an exact value for sin20.
-.J3 = 0
Continued 41
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
C-2
csc x+cot
+ cot" x = csc"x.
11. An even function fix) has the property that fi-x) = fix). Using the subtraction formula for cos e, prove that cos e is an even function. Start with cos(-e) = cos(O- e). 12. An odd function fix) has the property that fi-x) = -f(x). Using the subtraction formula for sin e, prove that sin e is an odd function. Start with sin(-e) =sin(O- e). 13. If sin e = ~2 , and e lies in Quadrant IV, find the exact value of cot e. SIn-+cos14. Find the exact value of: -. ~~'-n-----'2"'!=~~ SIn-'COS3 3 . 'd e 10 1 . 15. P rove the f 11OWIng1 en tit y: SIn x + cos x -_ 1- sin x cos x, sm x + cosx 16. Solve the following equation for tan e =-J3 17. Solve for ewhere the domain is the set of real numbers. Round the answers to four decimal places. csc" e sin" e + 3sin e + 3 = 5 18. Express each as a function of x only: a. sin(~
3 3
. 2n
2n
e where
-x)
b. cos(;
-x)
Continued
42
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
C-2
y = fix)
20. Given y = 3(x - 4)2 + 2, a. State the name of the function. b. State the coordinates of the vertex. c. Describe how it has been shifted from the original equation y = X2.
43
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
0-1
2. a. Sketch the graphs of the functions f( x) = 2x and f( x) b. Describe the similarities between the two graphs. c. How are the two graphs different? 3. a. Sketch the graph of the function fix) = 3(2 b. State the domain and range of the function. c. Find the x and y intercepts of the function.
X ).
= ( ..!.
2
r.
4. Sketch the graphs offix) axes. 5. From the graph of fix) a. 21.3 6. From the graph of fix)
a. (k,6)
= 5\ = 2\ = 3\
g(x)
=5
x2 - ,
and h(x)
=5
X -
b. (k, 10)
7. a. Sketch the graphs of fix) = 4\ g(x) = 4-\ and h(x) b. How is each of these graphs different? 8. a. Sketch the function fix) = 2x - 3. b. Find and sketch the inverse of fix)
= -4X.
= 2x
3.
he entity: 1- cos"(J = sm 2 (J cos2 (J . . 2 9. Prove tel identi 1+ tan (J 10. Solve the following equation for (J where 0 :::;; 2n: (J:::;; 2tan2 (J + sec (J = 1 11. Graph y = 2sin4x for 0 :::;; 27t. x:::;; 12. Graph y = - co{ x - ;) for 0 :::;; (J
27r.
:::;;
Continued
44
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
0-1
=--Jx.
= -Jx+2
= 4 - --Jx .
18. Solve for ()if sin ()= cos ()on 0 ~ ()~ 2n.
(-4,3)
.
1
to
I).
(0, ~2)
(4,0)
(34
(54
1t,0),
and
(94
1t,0)
with a
1t,3).
45
4.
5. _1_=81 x1
3-
6. 2(52X-9) 38x =
= 250
7.
-.!.
81 = 16
8. 323x-2
9. Determine which two of the three given functions are equivalent: a. y = 2-x b. y = _2x
c. y = 4x-3
=(~J
and h(x) = 4X_ 3.
10. Use the graph of the function jlx) = 4X to sketchg(x) 11. Sketch the graph of the function fix) = 2
X -
3.
sec x-I
Continued 46
Cumulative Exercises
0-2
14. Iff(x)
= X2
9, graphy
= f(~r
15. Determine whether tan ()is an even or an odd function using tan(-(} ) = tan(O - (}).
16. If sin( ()+ 2; ) + cos(()+ 5; ) = A sin ()+ B cos(), find numerical values for A and B.
17. Sketch the graph of y 18. Sketch the graph of y 19. This is the graph of y
= .! sin 2x for - tt ~ () ~ n,
2
= 2 cos(2x -
1l')
= fix).
= 2f(x)
- 2.
20. Using the graph in question 19, sketch the graph ofy = If(x) I + 1.
47
Cumulative Exercises
0-3,0-4
= -.!
8
2. Express each of the following in exponential form: c. loglOO.Ol 3. Evaluate each of the following: a. log416 b. logg3 4. Graph fix) = 3 and its inverse, (-lex).
X
= -2
c. log0J28
5. Sketch fix) = log2(x-1) and state the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes. 6. Sketch fix) = log5(x) + 3 and state the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes. 7. Sketch fix) = logi3 - x) and state the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes. 8. Sketch fix) = logix - 1) + 1 and state the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes. For questions 9 through 12, solve the given equations for x. 9.
2x2
16
10. 82x+
= 64
11. _1_=64
4x-2
12.
(~J -=
27 125
Continued 48
Cumulative Exercises
0-3,0-4
= 2-
15. Sketch the graph of y = -3 sin(28 + 1T:) in the interval 0 S 8 S 21T:. 16. Sketch the graph ofy = I x - 41. 17. Sketch the graph ofy
= Ix -
41-2.
41-21.
19. Solve the equation sin 8 + 2 sin 8 cos8 = 0 where 0 S 8 S 21T:. 20. If cos () = -0.491 where 0 S 8 S 41T:, find all values of 8.
49
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
0-5
1 b. 4 log x - slog(
X2
V36 in terms
of log, 6.
7. Given logs2 = 0.33333 and logs3 = 0.52832, use properties of logarithms to find logs12 and logs36. 8a3b4 8. Write in terms of log a, log b, and log c: log ~ 9. Express each of the following in logarithmic form: a. 64 = 1296 b. 5-3 = _1_ 125
10. Express each of the following in exponential form: a. logs 64 = 2 b. log{6~) =-3
11. Graph f( x) = log 1(x). State the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes.
2
Continued 50
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
0-5
= ~
= 3x-
and y
(3
X ),
. . see" x-tan2 x . 16. Prove the identity: 2 = sin" x. l+cot x 17. Solve the equation tan'' ()+ sec2() = 3 for 0 ~ ()~ 21l'. 18. a. Sketch the graph of y = -sin rex. b. What is the period of this function? 19. a. Sketch the graph of y = 3 cos(2x + b. What is the period? c. What is the horizontal shift? 20. a. Sketch the graph of y b. Sketch the graph of y 1 = -.
1l').
= 3 + --.1
x-3
51
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
0-5
2. Express each of the following as a single logarithm: a. 2 log37 - [log, 14 + log, 35) b. -log2 4 + -log2 27
1 1
3. You are given log, 2 = 0.3010; log, 3 = 0.4771; log, 7 = 0.8451. Find the values of each: 14 d. log, V96 b. log, 14 C. logba. log, 6 3 4. Prove: log x
b
= log a x
log, b
log a 5. True or false? -= log a -log b log b 6. Evaluate logs 7 correct to six decimal places. 7. Expand as a sum and difference of logarithmic expressions:
8. Express the following as a single logarithm: 4 log, x - 2 log, Y + 3 log, t - 4 log, k 9. Solve for x: 252%1 = 125. + 10. Solve for x: 22%+2 1~' = 11. Express in logarithmic form: 3-2 =
!.
= 5.
Continued
52
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
0-5
()
19. Multiple Choice: Which of the following equations represents a relation in which y is a function of x? a. X2 + y2 = 1 b. X2 + 3y
=x
c. x + 3y2
= 2y
d. x2y2
16
53
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
0-6
=2
b. log x 25
=2
-4 c. log, 16 =3
~G)' x
=
3. Which of the following equations have the same solutionis)? 4 a. log x 16 = 3 b. log, X = 2 c. log162 = x 4. Evaluate each of the following:
d. log32X =-
2 5
5. Solve each of the following for x and check your solutions. a. log x
~
b. log,
-log3 4
= log312
c. 5x-2 = 1-
6. Solve for x and check: log5(x2- 4x) = 1. 7. Solve for x and check: log313 - 2x I =2. 8. Solve for x and check: log(x + 21) + log x = 2. 9. Which pairs of the following functions are equivalent? a. fix) = _22-x b. g(x) = 4x-2 c. hex) 10. Solve the equation for x: 46x
= 22x-
= 1:....
64
11. Find the values of cot 0 if cosO = ~ and sinO < O. 5 12. Graph y = log, (-x) and state the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes.
Continued 54
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
0-6
secxcscx.
14. Sketch the graph ofy = 2sin(3x+ 3;). 15. Sketch the graph ofy = I X2
11.
16. Sketch the graph ofy = 4 + Ix - 21. 17. Solve the equation (x + 2)2= (x - 1)2+ X2. 18. Find an equation for the followingfunction.
= _3_.
x-2
55
Cumulative Exercises
0-6
=8
For questions 11 through 14, solve the equations for x. 11. logx 10M 12. log 127 = x
9
3
2
Continued 56
Cumulative Exercises
1t
and sine =
= x3
= 2 + (x
- 3)3.
19. Convert 5.5 radians to degrees. 20. Several trig values of 8, measured in radians, on the interval [0, 2n] have the value
""--
57
Cumulative Exercises
0-7,0-8
b.
eO.67
c. In(9.43)
d. In(0.0036)
3X
=e
X _
4. Sketch fix) = e". Sketch the inverse of fix) intercepts, and asymptotes.
= e". State
b.
eln(l-x)
= 2x
d. e2x-1 = 5 7. A radioactive substance is decaying according to y = A(e-O.2t ) where y is the amount of material remaining after t years. a. If the initial amount A = 80 grams, then how much is left after three years? b. The half-life of a substance is the time taken for half of it to decompose. Find the half-life of this substance in which A = 80 grams. 8. Suppose that $1000 is invested at 10% interest, compounded continuously. How long will it take for this investment to double? 9. Solve for n: 53n
+ 1
= 625.
9
16-J2.
Continued 58
Cumulative Exercises
0-7,0-8
= cos2(J .
12. Solve for x. Check: log, 8-12 = x. 13. Solve for x. Check: log5n25n2 = x. 14. Solve for x. Check: log5(3x + 1) + log5(x - 3) = 3. 15. Solve for x: log(x3 1)-log(
+ x + 1) = 1.
X2
17. Sketch the graph ofy = 3 + 2sin2(J. 18. S0Ive fior x: 5" = 62"-" .
-1 -
7 -"
19. Find values of A, B, and C such that a maximum of y = A sin(x + B) + C occurs at (0, 0). 20. If sin( (J + :) + cos( (J -
7;)
59
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
0-8
b. In(x3-1)-ln(x2+x+1)
= Ae4k
3. A $5000 investment earns interest at the annual rate of 8.4% compounded monthly. a. b. c. d. What is the investment worth after one year? What is the investment worth after 10 years? How much interest was earned in 10 years? What sum of money must be invested now so that $20 000 is available in five years if the rate is 8.4% compounded monthly?
P = 100(1.1)n
where n is measured in years. Plot the graph for a 10-year period. How many gophers will there be after 20 years? How long will it take for the gopher population to double? 5. Suppose that $2000 is invested at 8%, compounded continuously. How long will it take for the investment to triple? 6. A radioactive substance is decaying according to the formula:
y
= Aekx
where x is time in years. The initial amount is A = 10 grams and eight grams remain after five years. a. Find k. (Leave your answer in natural logarithms.) b. Estimate the amount remaining after 10 years. c. Find the half-life to the nearest tenth of a year. 7. When the population growth of a city was first studied, the population was 22 000. Five years later, it was 24 000. If the population grows exponentially, how long will it take for the population to double?
Continued 60
Cumulative Exercises
0-8
If the pH of a substance is 6.62, find its ion concentration. 9. a. Sketch the graph of the function: y b. State the x- and y-intercepts. . . . sinx cosx 10. Prove the Identity: --+-= 1. cscx secx 11. Solve and check: logx 9
1
= 3-
= -2.
= 47
X,
solve for x:
a. using logarithms to base 10. b. using logarithms to base e. 14. Sketch the graph of y = 2
X -
2.
= x; y = x3;
andy
= Vx.
You may want to use a graphing calculator or make a table of values. What do you observe?
of -+-. a b
1 1
Continued 61
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
0-8
62
Cumulative Exercises
b.
(31)! (30)!
7!(r + 2)!r 6!(r - I)!
c.
9! 6!
10! d. -6!4!
+ 3)! (k + 2)!
b.
-
3. Solve n!
= 20(n
2)!
n! (n
+ I)! + I)!
n!
11.
n! (n - I)! n2(n n!
111.
(n
+ I)!
n!
n n+l
IV.
(ri
v.
I)!
b. Write two other expressions involving factorials which are equal to n. 5. A nickel and a dime are tossed on a table. In how many ways can they land? 6. If there are 12 runners entered in a race, in how many ways can first, second, and third place be awarded? 7. Pizza Barn offers three choices of salad, 20 kinds of pizza, and four different desserts. How many different three-course meals can one order? 8. A freshman student must take a modern language, a natural science, a social science, and English. If there are four different modern languages, five natural sciences, three social sciences, but each student must take the same English course, how many different ways can she select her course of study? 9. Suppose that the executive of the Manitoba Association of Mathematics Teachers consists of three women and two men. In how many ways can a president and a secretary be chosen if: a. the president is to be female and the secretary male? b. the president is to be male and the secretary female? c. the president and secretary are to be of the opposite sex?
Continued 63
= x-3,
then
flex)
is equal to
1
C. X 3
12. Prove the identity: sin" x - cos"X 13. Solve and check: log, V4 14. Solve: 2(3l
= sin'' x -
cos'' x.
= x.
=5
xl - .
15. Show that log(_2_)::/; log 2 . 1.08 log 1.08 16. Solve the equation for ()where 0 :::;; 27r. ():::;; 4cos2()-7cos()2
=0
17. A certain radioactive substance decays according to S = Soe-0.04t where So is the initial amount of the substance and S is the amount of the substance left after t years. If there were 50 grams of the radioactive substance to begin with, how long will it take for half of it to decay? 18. Show that when
is t = -(25)
In(:0).
19. The atmospheric pressure P at height h kilometres is given by P = Poe-kh. The pressure at sea level is Po = 101.3 kPa. a. IfP = 89 kPa when h = 1, find k. b. Calculate the pressure at a height of 2 km. 20. Sketch fix) = -I X2
-
11.
64
Cumulative Exercises
2. How many distinct ways can three red flags, two blue flags, two green flags, and four yellow flags be arranged in a row? 3. How many different arrangements can be made using the letters in the word TEETH, if the "word" must start with H? 4. Using the letters of the word FACTOR(without repetition), how many four-letter code words can be formed: a. b. c. d. starting with R? with vowels in the two middle positions? with only consonants? with vowels and consonants alternating?
5. Manitoba license plate numbers consist of three letters followed by three digits. How many different plates could be issued? 6. Consider the digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. If repetitions are allowed, find a. how many three-digit numbers can be formed. b. how many three-digit numbers can be formed if the numbers must be less than 600 and divisible by five. 7. How many ways can Amanda, Basil, Charles, Dennis, and Edna sit in a row if Basil and Edna insist on sitting together? 8. How many ways can the people in the previous question be seated if Charles and Edith insist on not sitting together? 9. How many ways can four married couples sit in a row on a park bench if a. every husband and wife must sit together? b. the men and women must alternate?
Continued 65
South
(:9
= 7.
1 + 2tan2x.
12. Prove this identity: sec4x - tantx 13. Solve and check: logloo10 = x.
14. Use the laws oflogarithms to write in expanded form: log,( 15. The line x - y + 2 = 0 intersects the circle X2 + y2 - 4 coordinates of these points.
";,~2J.
Find the
= 0 in two points.
17. Solve. Express your answer to one decimal place. 18. Solve the equation tan'' (J - tan 19. Find the
4th
(J -
53x
= 63
= 0 for 0 $ (J$
21r.
20. The number of bacteria in a certain culture t hours from now grows according to the formula: A = 800(3Y a. What will be the bacteria count 3.12 hours from now? b. When will the bacteria count reach 100 ODD?
66
Cumulative Exercises
P2
nPz
= 56
4. Three brothers and three sisters are lining up to be photographed. How many arrangements are there: a. altogether? b. with brothers and sisters in alternating positions? 5. Five students walk into a French classroom with 10 desks. How many different seating arrangements are possible? 6. Winnipeg Stadium has four entrances and nine exits. In how many ways can two people enter together but leave by different exits? 7. How many ways can the offices of chairperson, secretary, and treasurer be filled by members of a committee of eight people? 8. How many five-digit numbers can be found from 1,2,3,4,5 if: a. the odd digits occupy the odd places? b. the odd digits occupy the odd places in ascending order? 9. a. How many four-letter "words" are possible using the letters in THURSDAY? b. How many end in the letter Y? c. How many do not start with an R and end with a Y? 10. Explain the meaning of sP3. Why does 3PS not make sense? 11. State the range of fix) = cos" x. 12. Express in exponential form: log5(~) = -1.
Continued 67
1 = -. 4
15. Find the range and y-interceptrs) for the graphs off(x) 16. Solve for x: e2x-5 = 25. 17. Sketch the graph ofy = 2 - 2cos(~ x ).
= e-
andg(x)
= =e":
18.
The line y = 1intersects the graph of y = sin x 2 at points A and B. Find the length of AB.
20. The horizontal line y = k intersects the graph of y points. What is the value of k?
68
Cumulative Exercises
Continued
69
xr
= 1.
= ex+
57 16
graphically
(n+2)! ( ) 8! n-2!
=-
and x
9\.
a. sin(x + 27r)
b. sin(-x)
c. cos(;
-x)
d. sin(x-67r)
20. Multiple Choice. Which of the following is not equal to cos x? a. cos(x+ 27r)
b. cos(-x)
c. sin(~ -x)
d. cos(x+7r)
70
Cumulative Exercises
Continued 71
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
E-2
11. Evaluate (sin :6)( cos ~~) - ( cos :6)( sin ~~). Express your answer as an exact value. 12. Solve: 13. In which quadrant is P(4)? 14. Solve for x:
x
a. 9
=...!.
27
= (0.5y-4
b. fix)
=-
24-x
c.
::j:.
fix) =
2-(x - 4)
= log,
24, (b > 0, b
1).
17. Find the exact solutions of the equation: 2 sin'' ()+ cos()= 1 in the interval 0 $ ()$ 2Jr. 18. At 100oe, hot water cools in a room with temperature 200e according to T = 20 + 80e-O03t where T is temperature t minutes after cooling begins. How long will it take for the water to cool to 400e in the room?
Continued 72
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
E-2
-1
"6
TC
-2
-3 -4
20. The electricity supplied to your house is called "alternating current" because the current varies sinusoidally with time. The frequency of the sinusoid is 60 cycles per second. Suppose that at time t = 0 seconds the current is at its maximum, i = 5 amperes.
a. Write an equation expressing current in terms of time. b. What is the current when t = 0.01?
73
2. a. b. c. d.
Evaluate sC2 and sC6 Evaluate 5C2 and 5C3. What do you notice about the answers in a. and b.? Explain why nCr = nCn-r.
= nCS
4. Lotto 6-49 is a lottery in which one selects six numbers from 1 to 49. How many ways can this be done? 5. On a college baseball squad, there are three catchers, five pitchers, seven infielders, and seven outfielders. How many different baseball nines can be formed? 6. a. A poker hand consists of five cards. How many different poker hands are possible? b. How many of them contain all red cards? c. How many of them have exactly two hearts and two clubs? 7. How many different sums of money are possible using at least three coins from a collection consisting of one penny, one nickel, one dime, one quarter, and one loonie? 8. An investment club has a membership of four women and six men. A research committee of three is to be formed. In how many ways can this be done if a. there are to be two women and one man on the committee? b. there is to be at least one woman on the committee? c. all three are to be the same sex? 9. Suppose that a bag contains four black and seven white balls. (Assume the balls are distinguishable; for example, they may be numbered.) In how many ways can you draw from the bag a group of three balls consisting of a. one black and two white balls? b. balls ofjust one colour? c. at least one black ball?
Continued 74
Cumulative Exercises
12. Ten children are playing "Farmer in the Dell." One child stands in the centre while the others form a ring around him. How many arrangements are possible?
2
= see" 8-l.
14. How many arrangements can be made of the letters in BABBLING BABY? 15. Solve and check: log2(x - 1) + log2(x + 2) = 2. 16. Without using the change of base formula, evaluate log, 25 + log, \1512. 17. a. How many permutations can be made from the letters in CINCINNATI OHIO? b. How many begin with a T? 18. How many four-digit numbers greater than 5687 can be found using only the digits 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 (no repetition is allowed). 19. If 0< 8 < 45 and sin 8 = 2 , find exact values for:
3
b. cos28
b. cos38
75
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
E-4
2. Write the complete expansion for (2x _ y)4. 3. Write and simplify the first three terms for each of the following:
a. (2x + 1)9
b. (2x2
- X)l1
3a
_ :)
J'.
1
7. Find the middle term of (2x - 2x 8. Find the 6th term of (2y + X)l1. 9. Find the (r + 1)8t term of
)12
(3a _ 6!2 )9
10. Find the term containing x20 in (2x _X4)14. 11. A group of 15 treasure hunters comes to a clearing in the forest from which there are three exits. It is decided that seven will go left, four go by the middle route, and the rest go to the right. How many ways can this be accomplished? 12. How many different bracelets consisting of six beads can be made from 10 differently coloured beads? 13. A tennis club has 10 boys and eight girls as members. a. How many matches are possible with a boy against a girl? b. How many matches are possible with two boys against two girls? c. How many matches are possible with a boy and girl against another boy and girl?
Continued 76
Cumulative Exercises
17. A bacterial culture is growing according to the formulay = 10000eo.6x where x is the time in days. a. Find the number of bacteria after one week. b. How long will it take for the culture to triple in size? 18. There are 23 teams in Division A of German soccer. a. If each team plays each other team once, how many games will be played? b. If each team plays each other twice (not necessarily in consecutive games), how many games will be played? 19. Find the exact solutions of the equation: 2 cos8 = 3tan 8, 0 < 8 < 21!. 20. If $4000 is invested today, how much will it be worth after 10 years at an interest rate of 8% if interest is compounded: a. annually b. quarterly c. monthly d. daily e. continuously
77
Cumulative Exercises
2!2 )12
X2)11.
X14
in (2x -
8. A student council consists of a president and eight other members. A yearbook committee of five is to be selected from this group. a. How many ways can this be done if the president must be on the committee? b. How many ways can this be done if the president is not on the committee? 9. A hockey team has nine forwards and three are needed to form a forward line. a. How many possible forward lines involve their top goal scorer? b. If Mario and Serge are two of the forwards, how many lines include at least one of them? c. How many lines involve their worst three players?
Continued 78
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
and all intercepts. Compare this graph tog(x) 14. Solve and check: log2a(4a2)3
= x.
=
log; 19.1.
16. A man and his wife invite four couples to dinner. After the host and hostess sit at the table ends, the guests sit four to a side of the table. If men and women alternate around the table and no man sits next to his wife, how many seating arrangements are possible? 17. How many different signals consisting of seven flags can be made using three white, two red, and two blue flags? 18. Without considering special cases, how many straight lines are determined by nine points? 19. If a committee of five is to be selected from 12 persons, a. find the number of ways this can be done if a particular person must be on the committee. b. find the number of ways this can be done if a particular person must not be on the committee.
20. Use your calculator to solve the equation x - cos x
State the
79
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
=0
b. 2x2 + Y
=0
c. 4x + y2
=0
d. 2X2 - Y = 0 of the
b. (y + 2)2 = -4(x - 2)
State the coordinate of the vertex.
= -8(y
+ 1)
b. (x + 3)2
= 4y
of the vertex
4. Consider the parabola y2 - 20x + 2y + 1 and sketch the graph. 5. Consider the parabola X2 - 4x + 8y + 4 and sketch the graph.
= O. Find
the coordinates
= O. Find = ax2
the coordinates
of the vertex
7. The parabola y2 - X + 4y + k = 0 passes through the point (12, 1). Find the vertex of the parabola. 8. Find an equation for the axis of symmetry for the parabola (y - 2)2 = 8(x + 3).
= O.
10. Find an equation for the vertical parabola with vertex (2, -3) passing through the point (9, -10). 11. How many arrangements can be made from the letters in the word DRAUGHT if the vowels must not be separated? 12. From six huskies and seven retrievers, how many ways can one form a team of five dogs if there must be four or five retrievers? 13. How many different bracelets consisting of five beads can be made from eight differently coloured beads? 1 = 64. 2%+
Continued 80
--1
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
= 3 -log3(x
+ 6).
17. Find and simplify the term containing no cosO 18. P rove this id en tit y: ----IS 1 1 cscO sinO = --sinO-1 tan 0 see 0
12
19. How long will it take to double your money if it is invested at 9% and compounded quarterly? 20. Solve for 0 over the real numbers: cot20 + 2 sin 0 = csc20 - 2.
81
b. X2 + 4y2
16
6. Sketch the graphs and state the coordinates of the centre for the following ellipses.
a (x - 2)2
+ ~ =1
9
b.
(x
+ 3)2 + (y - 2)2 25 16
7. Sketch the graphs and state the coordinates of the centre for the following ellipses. a. 4x2 + 9y2 - 16x + 90y + 205 = 0 b. 49x2 + 16y2 + 98x - 64y - 671 = 0 8. Find the centre of the ellipse with AB and CD as major and minor axes, respectively. Then write the equation of the ellipse. a. A(6, 0); B(-6, 0); C(O, 3); D(O, -3) b. A(-4, 3); B(8, 3); C(2, 1); D(2, 5)
(x - h)2
(y - k )2 b2
1, reduces to the
10. Find the equation of the ellipse whose vertices are (-4, 2) and (10, 2) and whose minor axis has length 10. 11. Prove that the number of diagonals in an n-sided polygon is
n(n - 3)
2
Continued 82
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
2n
= 44 .
3
nC2
13. Prove this identity: see" x csc" x 14. Solve for x: b"
2
= see" x
+ csc" x.
+x
1.
15. How many numbers greater than a million can be formed with the digits 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4? (Only the indicated repetitions are allowed.) 16. A circle has an area of 251l' units" and is tangent to both the x-axis and y-axis. Find one possible equation for this circle. 17. Using the change of base formula, evaluate log516. 18. Given log, 2 = 0.63 and log, 5 = 1.465, use the laws oflogarithms to evaluate 5 log, -. 2 19. Solve the equation for ()where 0 :s; (}:s; 360:
see
2"
()
-2.9413
20.
x)
Y.
83
Cumulative Exercises
b. 2x2 _ y2
=8
of the centre for the following
v2
X2 - 1 = 0 16
3. Sketch the graphs and state the coordinates hyperbolas. a. X2 - y2 + 4x + 16y - 69 = 0 b. 25x2 - 16y2 - 200x - 96y - 144 4. A hyperbola
=0
and one of its asymptotes has
slope ~. Find its equation. 5. Find the equation of the hyperbola whose centre is at (2, 1), one vertex is at (2, -4), and the equation of one asymptote is 5x - 7y = 3. 6. Identify each of the following equations as representing a parabola, ellipse, or hyperbola. State whether the graph is stretched or opens along the x-axis or
y-aXIS.
X2 y2 a. -+-=1 2 8 c. y2 = 12x e. X2 + 4y
b. 2x2 - y2 + 32
=0
=0
ii. Parabola
Hyperbola
Continued
84
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
1,
:6
2
+ ~ = 1, and a circle is
10.
P is the point (10, 0). A and B are on the parabola y2 = kx. If the area of L1 AOB is 40, find the value of k.
11. Simplify: 12. Solve for x: In(x + 5) + In 5 = In 65. 13. Express in exponential form: loglo 10000 = 4. 14. Prove the identity: _1_
cos" ()
+ _1_
sin" ()
1
sin" ()- sin" ()
15. In how many ways can 10 examination papers be stacked so that the papers with the highest and lowest scores never come together?
Continued 85
Cumulative Exercises
-1-. n 10
17. Solve and check: 10g5 + 1) - 10g5 = 10g5 - 3) - 10g56. (x 8 (x 18. Solve the equation cos x + 1 = sin x on [0, 2lr], using technology. a. State your answer(s) to three decimals. b. Examine your answers for part a. What do you suppose the exact answers are? Confirm your guess by checking. 19. Solve the following equation where 0 ~ 8 ~ 360: 3tan28-7sec8
=-5
86
Cumulative Exercises
G-1, G-2
2. A bus is scheduled to arrive at a train station at any time between 07:05 and 07:08 inclusive. A train is scheduled to arrive between 07:07 and 07:09 inclusive. The arrival of a bus at 07:06 and a train at 07:09 can be represented by the point (6, 9). Times are expressed in whole minutes. a. b. c. d. Sketch the sample space for the situation described above. How many points are there in the sample space? How many points have the bus and train arriving at the same time? What is the probability of the bus arriving after the train?
3. Classify the following events as independent or dependent. a. Tossing a coin and rolling a die. b. Cutting a deck of cards, removing a card, cutting the deck again, and drawing another card. c. Rolling a die two consecutive times. d. Selecting a card from a deck of cards, replacing the card, and then selecting another card from the deck. 4. If the probability that an event will occur is P, what is the probability that it will not occur? 5. One card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that a. it will be a jack? b. it will be a club? c. it will be a jack of clubs? 6. A box contains three red balls and seven blue balls. a. If one ball is drawn, what is the probability that it will be red? b. If one ball is drawn, what is the probability that it will be blue? c. What is the sum of these probabilities? Why? 7. In a single cast with two dice, what is the probability that the sum will be a. less than five? b. five or less?
Continued 87
Cumulative Exercises
G-1, G-2
= 2csc2x.
= 10g316x.
12. Given that 10gb 3 = 0.613 and log, 4 13. In the expansion of (p + q)lO: a. b. c. d.
write the first three terms and the last three terms. what is the coefficient of the term containing p7? which term contains q5? how many terms are there in the complete expansion?
14. Complete the square and sketch the graph of: y2 - 12x - 4y + 40 = O. 15. Match each of the equations on the left with one of the geometric figures on the right. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.
y = X2 + 3x - 2 x + y2 = 5 4x2- 9y2 = 36 X2 + y2 + 6x + 8y = 4 y = 3x + 6 6x2 + 5y2 = 30 y = 4 x =3
circle ellipse hyperbola parabola with horizontal axis of symmetry parabola with vertical axis of symmetry vertical line horizontal line oblique line
16. If 20 g of a radioactive material decomposes exponentially to 14 gin 10 days: a. find the half-life of the material. b. find the amount left after 17 days. 17. Find all values of e, 0 ~ a. sine
e ~ 2n such that:
b. tan e = -1.79
= -0.419
Continued 88
Cumulative Exercises
G-1, G-2
19. Solve the following equation if the domain is all real numbers: csc ~ csc
1= 4 9
20. If $1200 is invested at 6% compounded semi-annually for 12 years, how much would it be worth?
89
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
G-3
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
G-3
16. Solve for x: 42x= 2x(x-2). 17. Compare the graphs of fix) = 2X and g(x) = 4(2X).
19. Find the middle term and the next term in (2 x _ 3 2x 20. Simplify: eln3-ln2
--;)10
91
Continued 92
Cumulative Exercises
circle parabola hyperbola ellipse semi-parabola horizontal line vertical line oblique line a V-shaped figure
+ 2y2 = 6 4x - 2y + 5 = 0
y=x2-2x+3 X2 _ y2 = x=3 X2 + y2 y
3x2
=4
=Ixl
y-2=0 y
=.JX
16. Solve: log, x = O. cosx sinx 1. P rovet he iden tit y: -----=--ei 1 7 cscx tanx sinx-1 secx
Continued 93
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
G-3
(2X7 _
3
~JI0
2x
94
Cumulative Exercises
3 red 2 blue
b.
3 red 3 blue
c.
2 red 3 blue
She then selects a marble at random from that box. What is the probability that the marble will be red? 2. In room 1 there are 12 boys and eight girls. In room 2 there are seven boys and nine girls. If I select a student at random from one of the rooms, what is the probability that the student is a girl? 3. There are two boxes. Box 1 contains two red marbles and one green marble. Box 2 contains one red marble and one blue marble. A box is selected at random and then a marble is selected from that box. What is the probability that the marble is red?
...
4. Urn I contains five red, three white, and two blue marbles. Urn II contains three red and seven blue marbles. We throw a die to determine which urn to select. If the die shows a "I" or "2", we use Urn I, otherwise Urn II. A marble is drawn at random from the chosen urn. Find PfR), pew), PCB). 5. There are three urns, I, II, III. Urn I contains three chips, numbered 1, 2, 3. Urn II contains two chips, numbered 1, 2. Urn III contains two chips, numbered 2, 4. An urn is chosen at random and a chip is drawn at random. What is the probability that the chip drawn is numbered 2? 6. Referring to exercise 5: a. find P(chip has an even number). b. find P(chip has a number less than three). 7. Seeing two gum machines, a boy doesn't know which to use. He flips a coin to decide. It happens that machine A gives three pieces with probability! piece with probability: . Machine B gives one or two pieces equally ' and one
often. Find the probabilities that the boy receives one, two, or three pieces.
Continued 95
the
..!.
Citation winning the same race is ~, what is the p~obability that either Man of War or Citation will win this race? 14. What is the probability that neither of the horses mentioned will win the race in question 13?
Continued 96
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
G-4
_ _
e sin e = cos e.
97
Cumulative Exercises
G-4
door is ~. One night, while Mr. Jones is watching TV before dinner, he hears 10 a paper crash against the door. He sighs to Mrs. Jones, It must be Ed's night with the papers. What is the probability that he is right? 2. A factory has four machines producing axe handles. Machine I produces 30% of the output; machine II produces 25%; machine III produces 20%; and machine IV produces the rest. Defective handles produced by each machine are 5%, 4%, 3%, and 2%, respectively. A handle chosen at random from the total output of the factory is examined and found to be defective. What is the probability that it was made by machine I? 3. In a two-year college, 60% of the students are freshmen, and 40% are sophomores. Of the freshmen, 70% are boys. Of the sophomores, 80% are boys. A student is chosen at random. Find the probability that the student is a. a girl. b. a freshmen, given that a girl was chosen. 4. It is known that 10% of a population has a certain disease. A blood test for the disease gives a correct diagnosis 95% of the time. The test is equally reliable for persons with or without the disease. What is the probability that a person whose blood test shows the disease actually has the disease? 5. Seeing two gum machines, a boy doesn't know which to use. He flips a coin to decide. It happens that machine A gives three pieces with probability.!
5
with probability 4 . Machine B gives one or two pieces equally often. The boy 5 uses one machine without noticing which one. He receives one piece of gum. What is the probability that he used machine A? 6. There are three urns, I, II, III. Urn I contains three chips, numbered 1, 2, 3. Urn II contains two chips, numbered 1, 2. Urn III contains two chips, numbered 2, 4. An urn is chosen at random and a chip is drawn. What is the probability that Urn II was selected, given that the chip drawn is numbered "2"?
Continued 98
Cumulative Exercises
.!..
4
However, if she is on time one day, she is less concerned about punctuality the next day and the probability of punctuality is
a greater effort the next day and the probability of punctuality is ~. If Jane is 4 on time on Monday, find the probability that she is on time on Wednesday. 8. Solve for x: eln(4x
- 1)
7.
~}
= 243.
a= -
4)
11. The probability that Gallant Fox will win the first race is 2 and that Nashua 5 will win the second race is .!.. What is the probability that both horses will win their respective races? 3 12. What is the probability that both horses mentioned in question 11 will not win their respective races? 13. What is the probability of drawing any ace or the queen of hearts from a deck of cards? 14. Here is a game you might play. An urn contains seven red and three green balls. You are to select a ball, note its colour, and replace it. Your opponent is then to select a ball. R, is the event that you select red; R, is the event that your opponent selects red; Gy is the event that you select green, etc. You win if the ball your opponent selects has the same colour as the ball you selected. What is your probability of winning? Make a tree diagram of possible outcomes. 15. Graph fix)
= log, (X2)
Continued 99
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
G-4
:2
2
ellipse 25x2 + 9y2 - 225 = O? 18. This is the graph of fix). Make a graph of g(x)
= 2fix
+ 1) - 2.
19. Prove the identity: sin( a - fJ) cos fJ + cos(a - fJ) sin fJ = sin a. 20. If.!< loglo X < 2, what are the possible values for x?
2
100
Cumulative Exercises
Continued 101
a. the probability that the answer to the second question is correct. b. the probability that the answer to the third question is correct.
15 . P rove t his identi IS 1 entity: tan" x + 1
tan z + 1
( 5)2
= sec2 x (+
y
tan x.
64
1)2
1.
(J
+ 4 sin
(J
= see" (J -
2.
18. Alaine wishes to invest $8000 for five years so that she will have a final amount of $12 500. If the money is compounded semi-annually, what interest rate is required for this investment? 19. There are 20 students in a senior class who need to register for a science class. Unfortunately, there are only eight spaces left in biology, six in physics, and six in chemistry. How many ways can the classes be filled? 20. Use the change of base formula to evaluate the logarithm to six decimal places: log, 92
, 102.
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
H-l
f. 2,
-fB,
4,
-/32, .
= 3x
3. Write the first three terms of the geometric sequences generated following exponential functions: a. fix) = 2
X
by each of the
b. g(x)
= 4x-
c. hex)
= 23x
d. F(x) = 16(~J
5. a. Find the 8
b. Find the nth term of the above sequence. 6. A sum of $10 000 is invested at 6% compounded annually.
a. What is the value of the investment at the end of years 1, 2, 3? b. What is the value of the investment at the end of year n? c. How many years will it take for the investment to double?
7. If a, b, c form a geometric sequence, show that log a, log b, and log c form an
arithmetic sequence.
10. If two dice are thrown together, what is the probability greater than eight?
Continued
103
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
H-1
17
12. Match each of the equations on the left with one of the geometric figures on the right. a. X2 + y2 - 2x + 6y = 0 b. ellipse circle parabola semi-parabola hyperbola line
X2 y2
4 - 9= 1
=
1
c. 2x(x + 3) = y d. ~ + L 2 3
13. A bucket contains five white balls and three black ones. Two balls are drawn. a. If the first ball is not replaced before the second one is drawn, what is the probability that one will be white and one will be black? b. If the first ball is replaced before the second one is drawn, what is the probability that one will be white and one will be black? 14. An unusual genetic trait occurs in 0.1% of the population. The reliability ofa test to discover the trait is: if the person has the trait then the test is positive 95% of the time, but the test is also positive 2% of the time for those who do not have the trait. a. Construct a tree diagram to represent the population and the reliability for the genetic trait. b. If a person is selected at random, what is the probability that will test positive? c. If a person is selected at random, what is the probability that will have the trait and test positive? d. If a person is selected at random, what is the probability that who tests positive has the trait? .. sin38+csc38 15. Prove the identity: sinfl+ csc8 . = sin'' 8 + cot"8. testing the person the person the person
Cumulative Exercises
H-1
-5
Find an equation which represents the function fix). 19. True or false? (Show your proofl) logs 2"
b a
= logs a-2log5
20. a. How many bracelets can be made by putting six different-coloured beads on a ring if 10 different colours are available? b. How many are there if the red and green beads must be used?
105
c. L(2k-4)
d. L2k
k=l
k=l
c. 3 + 6 + 12 + 24 + 48
b. 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 16 + 18 + 20 d. -1 + 4 - 9 + 16 - 25 + 36
4. Examine the series in question 1 above. Which of these series are arithmetic? Which are geometric? 5. Consider the sequence 3, 6, 12, 24, ... a. Find the 8th term. b. Find the sum of eight terms. 6. Consider the geometric sequence with t1
1000 and r
1.05.
a. Write the first three terms. b. Find the sum of the first 20 terms, expressing your answer to two decimal places. 7. Find the sum of the first 10 terms for each of the following series. If the numerical answer is not an integer, state it accurate to two decimal places.
a. 1 + 2 + 4 + ... b. 128 + 64 + 32 + ... 8 3
c. 8 + 12 + 18 + 27 + ...
d. 24 + 8 + - + ...
17
a. getting a card lower than a six on a single cut of a deck of cards. b. getting a sum of five on a single throw of two dice. c. getting four heads on four successive tosses of a coin.
Continued 106
Cumulative Exercises
=
1)
a. I(3k+
k=l
b. I(2k-6)
k=4
12. Which of the following pairs of events would you classify as independent? a. b. c. d. Rolling a die and cutting a deck of cards. A worker is well trained. A worker meets the production quota. Two consecutive tosses of a coin. Drawing two balls from a bag of seven red balls and three blue balls if the first ball is not replaced before the second draw.
1)
75.
= -log(x
he . sin x cos 5 1. P rove tel identity: --+-- x cscx secx 16. Solve and check:
31og24
x+cos 2 x.
= x.
17. A circle has its centre in Quadrant I and cuts the x-axis at (1,0) and (7,0). If the centre lies four units above the x-axis, find the equation of the circle.
(2~2_
4x
b. Find the first term that does not have an x in the denominator. 19. How many five-card hands can be formed from a deck of 52 cards with only one pair the same and the other three cards having different face values? 20. Solve and check: log(2x + 1) -log(x + 3) = o.
107
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
H-3
a. b. c. d.
Find the sixth term. Find the sum of six terms. Find, to four decimal places, the sum of 10 terms. Find the sum to infinity.
2. Find the sum for each of the infinite geometric series: 8 8 a. 8+-+-+ ... 3 9 8 c. 6+4+ 3 + ... 3. Find:
a.
... ...
L-k 2
k=1
~ 16
b.
f 1~
k=23
4. A 4-by-4 square is divided into four congruent squares. The bottom left square is shaded. The top right square is divided into four congruent squares and the bottom left is shaded. This process is repeated indefinitely. What is the total area shaded?
1111111111111
5. A square measures 4 by 4. The midpoint of its sides are joined to form a new square. This process is continued indefinitely. What is the sum of the perimeter of all the squares?
Continued
108
Cumulative Exercises
H-3
7. A ball is dropped from a height of two metres. Each time it strikes the ground, it rises three-quarters of the distance it has fallen. a. How far does it rise after it strikes the ground the third time? b. How far does it travel before it comes to rest? 8. Find: b.
L 15(1.6t
k=2
10
9. An organization sets up a telephone tree. Each employee phones exactly two other employees. How many levels (see diagram) are needed to reach all 1000 employees?
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3
10. If a, b, c form an arithmetic sequence, prove that 2a, 2b, 2 is a geometric sequence.
C
11. On a single cut of a deck of cards, what is the probability of getting a heart or a queen?
12.
Five men check their coats at a wedding reception but lose their tickets. If the coats are handed out in a random way, what is the probability that each gets his own coat? Sketch the graph of f(x) range.
13.
= 3(2.>:-2)-
Continued 109
= -.
15. Prove that sin20+ sin40+ sin60+ ... = tan20. 16. A multiple choice test has 20 questions with five choices for each question. If a student guesses every answer, what is the probability of getting 18 out of 20 on the test? 17. Solve and verify. Express your answer to one decimal place.
= O.
19. Complete the square and sketch the graph of: X2 - 9y2 + 6x 20. Solve for x: log7(x + 1) + log7(x - 5) = 1.
= O.
110
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
2. If a coin is tossed twice, what is the probability that it will land on "tails" both
times? If two coins are tossed simultaneously, both show "tails"? 3. For a given what is the probability they will
sine
=-
of getting a face card or a heart on a single cut of a deck tan x 2 1+ secx + = tanx sin x 1 + secx
Vi6 = x. =
1 2
"2ln 4 + SIn 8.
8. Graph y = 2 and find the domain, range, zeroes, and y-interceptts). ~ (log, A + 3 log, B) - 2 (logs C + log, D).
= p,
log, 3
= q,
and log, 5
= r, find
log, ~~ in terms of p, q,
y = fix)
at
a. v = I fix)
b. y=filxl)
c. y=-fix)
d. y=fi-x)
Continued
111
Cumulative Exercises
12. The sum of an infinite geometric series is 30. If the common ratio is the first term. 13. Find the centre of the ellipse
2X2
!,
find
+ 3y2 - 6x + 18y - 12 = O.
14. a. How many arrangements can be made using all the letters in the word CHEESE? b. If one of these arrangements is chosen at random, what is the probability that it starts and ends with an E? 15.
4
-4
Write an equation for this curve using a. the cosine function. b. the sine function.
5 25 125 16. Consider the geometric series: -1 + 4 - 16 + 64 - ... Sue said that the sum to infinity was four. Do you agree? Explain. 3 17. Express 5" revolutions in a. degrees. 18. Ifsina= b. radians.
3 rr 5 tt 5",0 < a < 2' and sinf3= 13,0 < f3 < 2' find cos(a + f3).
19. You are dealt a seven-card hand. What is the probability that it consists of two pairs and three of a kind? For example, one hand could be two kings, two 3s and three 7s. Do not simplify your answer. 20. Find an exact value for (tan rr +cos rr)sin 7rr. 363
112
Cumulative Exercises
3. Four cards are dealt from a standard deck of 52 cards. Find the probability that the hand contains exactly two face cards. 4. A square has vertices (-4, 1), (2, 1), (2, 7), (-4, 7). Find the equation of the circle which is inscribed in this square. 5. Find the solution(s) and check. log5(x2 + 2x + 5) - log5(x - 5)
=2
6. Find the exact values of ()for the equation where 0 ~ ()~ 21t. tan'' ()= tan () 7. Solve for ()over the real numbers: tan" ()- see()- 1 = 8. Write an equation representing this semicircle:
y.
o.
9. Use the laws of logarithms to write as a natural logarithm: {(x) = x-J X2 + 1 10. Find the values of ()for the equation whose domain is all real numbers: 2 sin'' ()- sin ()= 3 11. If two dice are thrown together, what is the probability that they will give a sum of eight?
Continued 113
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
(%T
8.
13. a. A die is thrown twice. What is the probability of throwing a five first and then a four? b. A die is thrown twice. What is the probability that one throw will give a five and the other a four? 14. Evaluate: log 1 32.
2
15. Prove this identity: tan a + cot a = sec a csc a. 16. Solve and check: 31og3 x
= 4.
17. Rewrite the expression in a form with no logarithms of products, quotients, or powers:
18. a. On the same set of axes, draw the graphs of the equations 2X2 + y2 = 13. b. Verify your answer by solving the system algebraically.
X2
+ y2
= 9 and
19. a. How many ways can 11 children sit in a row if three good friends must be together? b. How many ways could this be done in a circle? 20. Sketch the graph of: a. y = log2x 21. If P(8) = (-3-'
-~
-3-)'
--fil
114
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
1. FlndI~.
24 2 = 1.
k=3
3. Sketch the graph of I x I + Iy 1=4. 3 4. If 00 < 8 < 1800, and cos8 = - -, find exact values for: 4 a. sin28 b. cos28 5. The line x + y = 8 intersects the circle (x - 1)2+ y2 = 25 at points A and B. Find the coordinates of these points. 6. If C is the centre of the circle in question 5, find the measure of L ACB to the nearest tenth of a degree. 7. For a period of its life, a tree grows according to the formula D = Doekt where D is the diameter in centimetres of the tree t years after the beginning of the period. After two years, the diameter of the tree is 15.62 cm. After five years, the diameter is 21.724 cm. Find the value of Do and k. 8. Find log, 200. (Express your answer with four decimal places of accuracy.) 9. How many digits are there in the number 45362? 10. Solve for 0 :::;; 2n: sin 8 + 2 sin 8 cos8 = O. 8:::;; 11. Write and simplify the first three terms in the binomial expansion Of(2x _ ~
y)7.
12. Three boys and three girls are sitting on a bench. How many arrangements are possible if the sexes must alternate?
Continued
115
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
b. Find
L/k.
k=l
16. Suppose a, b, and c form a geometric sequence. If abc = 8, find b. Is it possible to find a and c?
18. How many four-letter "words" can be formed using four of the letters from the word CANADIAN? 19. If logM = x and log.M = y, prove that logabM=~. 2cos28 = cot 8 - tan 8. sin 28
x+y
116