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Cues Subjective: Pirmi lang gasinakit ang akon tiil as verbalized by the patient.

Nursing Diagnosis Chronic pain related to motor and sensory damage as evidenced by pain scale of 8/10

Rationale

Outcome Identification

Interventions

Rationale

Evaluation

Objective: Pain scale of 8/10 T: PR: RR: BP: Restlessness Fatigue Guarding in the area

Pain is a highly subjective state in which a variety of unpleasant sensations and a wide range of distressing factors may be experienced by the sufferer. Pain may be a symptom of injury or Definition: illness. In multiple Chronic pain is an chlerosis, the sensitized T unpleasant sensory cells remain in the CNS and emotional and promote the experience arising infiltration from actual or of other agents that potential tissue damage the immune damage or system. The immune described in terms system attack leads to of such damage; inflammation that constant or destroys myelin recurring without (which normally an anticipated or insulates the axon and predictable end speeds the conduction of and a duration of impulses along the axon) greater than 6 and oligodendroglial months cells that produce myelin in the CNS that causes pain to the patient experiencing multiple sclerosis. Reference: Gulanick, Klopp, Galanes, Gradishar, Puzas, Nursing Care Reference: Brunner and Suddarths Textbook of Medical-Surgical

After 8 hours of Independent: nursing interventions, 1. Assess for signs the patient will and symptoms be able to associated with verbalize chronic pain such acceptable level as fatigue, of pain relief decreased and ability to appetite, weight engage in loss, changes in desired body posture, activities. sleep pattern disturbance, anxiety, irritability, restlessness, or depression. Patients with chronic pain may not exhibit the physiological changes and behaviors associated with acute pain.
2.

Goal met. After 8 hours 1. Patient with chronic of nursing pain may not interventions, exhibit the the patient physiological was able to changes and verbalize behaviors acceptable associated with level of pain acute pain. relief and ability to engage in desired activities.

Assess the patients perception of the effectiveness of methods used for pain relief in the past.

2. Patients with chronic pain have a long history of using many pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods to control their pain.

Plans: Nursing Diagnosis and Intervention, 3rd edition

Nursing, 11th edition

3.

Evaluate gender, cultural, societal, and religious factors that may influence the patients pain experience and response to pain relief. Assess the patients expectations about pain relief.

3. Understanding the variables that affect the patients pain experience can be useful in developing a plan of care that is acceptable to the patient.

4.

4. The patient with chronic pain may not expect complete absence of pain, but may be satisfied with decreasing the severity of the pain and increasing activity level.

5. Assess the patients attitudes toward pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods of pain management. 6. Assess the patients ability to accomplish activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and demands of daily living (DDLs).

5. Patients may question the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions and see medications as the only treatment for pain.

6. Fatigue, anxiety, and depression associated with chronic pain can limit the persons ability to complete selfcare activities and fulfill role responsibilities.

7. Encourage the patient to keep a pain diary to help in identifying aggravating and relieving factors of chronic pain.

7. Knowledge about factors that influence the pain experience can guide the patient in making decisions about lifestyle modifications that promote more effective pain management. 8. The patient may have had negative experiences in the past with attitudes of health care providers toward the patients pain experience. Conveying acceptance of the patients pain promotes a more cooperative nurse-patient relationship. 9. . Lack of knowledge about the characteristics of chronic pain and pain management strategies can add to the burden of pain in the patients life. 10. Changes in work routines, household responsibilities, and the home physical environment may be needed to promote

8. Acknowledge and convey acceptance of the patients pain experience.

9. Provide the patient and family with information about chronic pain and options available for pain management.

10. Assist the patient and family in identifying lifestyle modifications that may contribute to effective pain

management.

more effective pain management.

Dependent: 1. Administer analgesic. 2. Refer to physical therapist. 1. To help relieve the pain. 2. The physical therapist can help the patient with exercises to promote muscle strength and joint mobility, and therapies to promote relaxation of tense muscles.

Reference: Gulanick, Klopp, Galanes, Gradishar, Puzas, Nursing Care Plans: Nursing Diagnosis and Intervention, 3rd edition

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