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IS ~1599 -1985 .
( S.'pusHQI IS : U92.iJ7.c, IS : 3UO~.U'5 , ad IS : 4598-1''1)

~ d''Ian Stanuar d'( L .. ...1. 'n

Reaffirm~d 1996 )

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'METHOD FOR BEND TEST

(Sepond Reyision)
'rhird Reprint FEBRUARY 1997

UDC669:

620.163.24

',0 Copyright 1986

BUREAP

OF INDIAN
~EW DELI

STANDARDS
110002

MANAK BHAVAN, 9, BAHADUJt SHAH ZAFAR),{AJtG

Gr3

.' January 1986

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IS
( SDpenedfDc IS
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1599 - -1985

lfi92-DUo D1. S2A-lt65 aad 1& I et8-1H1 )

Indian Standard
11

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METHOD FOR BEND TEST

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( Second Revisian)
Methods of Physical Tests Sectional Committee. SMDC :S
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M-w,.s
Smu R. K. ABBOL SJnl.I S. B01ru (~ SlntI St7JI'.l' Kt1JUB B~8t7 )

-'The

Tata Iron 6: Steel Co Ltd.Jamshedpur

Smn S. SJUi

G\:ir.!A..{ ~)

Bhanlt Steel Tubes Ltd, Ganaur ( Haryana ) . M. N. Dutur &. Co ( P ) Ltd, Calcutta
,

Smn K. K. BJUTU. Smu R. N. BISW ~8

II

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SHBIT.S.T%w~I(~) DR A. Cx.ur:aABORTYUaba Martin Industries Ltd, Calcutta Sm:.: H. M,umSWARY (Aitmuzu) Smu K. K. CBEJUAX Indian Aluminium Co Ltd, Calcutta SlIRI PA.Jtt~J Ib: ( Jflunuzu ) , DB R. F. DAXBAL , ludiaDTelephone Industria Ltd, BazJplore SBRI V. V. PR~BBt7 (..41unuzu) . SRltI M. K. D~ Gm"u National Physical Laboratory (CSIR ). New Delhi Smu K. G. GAllG Directorate General oCT1IlChnical DeveloPJDent ' , and ProduCtioa ( Air ), N~.Delbi SmlI P.IU.GROTR~A RAO ( ~ ) , . SBllI B. G. GZBAJrx " Blue Star Limited, Bombay SBBI G. S. SoBTI ( Jf/m-u) . Sma A. GX08RNationaI Test House, Calcutta
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Q:.ulity Marking Centre, Amritsar Steel Authority of India Ltd (Dwppur Plant). Durgapur .

Steel

SaRI

D. S. Muv)(DA.1t

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SRRI S. A. ~Qm: Smu A. S. W ~LIA Smu N. C. HORJI:

( .AlInul, )

The Tata Iron and Steel Co Ltd.Jamabedpur

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SmtI S. R. D:z:(~)

Ministry oCRailwaya

SRRI S. V. Kt7z.x.uua Fuel I~enb &Eogineen Pvt Ltd, Icha1karanji SR&IJ. V. Kt7LJtAllNI(Jflt.mau) , SRRI S. KOXAll Mining 6: Allied :Machinery Corporation Ltd, Dwppur .

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"BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS .

This publication is protect~ UDder the .IIIJiia .~1It A" (XIV ,of 1957) aid reproduetiOllm whole or ia part by any meam except with writtell permiaiOAof tlw pubJiah-.r IhaU be deemed to be an lnfriDcement or copynpt UDderdIP id Act

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Indian Standard

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METHOD FOR BEND TEST

( Second Revision;)
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'FOREwo'RD

0.1 This Indian Stand ard' ( Second R~villiori}~s' adopted by, the IndiaIl ' Standards Institution ,on "28 February 1985, after the.drafdinali.zed by the }.iethods pf Physical TelltisectidD.aJ. Committee had '~en,approved , by the Structural and M~tals Diviaion Council. ,.G.2.Thi~ 's~dard-.waa .,firStp~biiShe(rin1960and was revised in 197~. .:m While re:vjeW}tlg.thiS~tiilieard .tp(light,~rltpe. w:orkdone ~y ISO J~C 164 'Mechanical Te$tingof Metals', at themternatlOnallevekthe Sectional Committ~_ '~~i?I~~;g~r~,*,is,.!~~~ard ,decidedtoreville .this atandard so as to' have' a SIngle ,Indul.DStandard ,on Method for bend teat amalgamating three o,ther Incii,an;f?~~~cis on thelubjeet. 6.2.1 This atandarclth~1 supers.edestbe following lndian Standards:
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IS: 1692-1974 Method forslmple bend testing of steel shee't and , strip less thaa ,3 mm thick ' IS : 3260-i965 Meth~d for~~~~;~~tror

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i~~ppe~ copp~ralloys 'and

IS : 4598-1968 Method "f~rllingiebend.'.;i~st for ~luminjt1m and . aluminiUm. a,lloy' .sheet and strip of thicknel~ bet.y.'~~ 0'2 lOIn .and 7 mm 0.3 This atandard is based on the 'International Standard ISO 743fl.;1985 'Metallic materials - Bend test' issued I:>yheInt~~tj9P-.l_Organization t . 'for'Su~naa.I'dization~ '. '. '.' . .' , 0.4 In reporting the results ottest oramllysis made this standard, if the nnalvalue, observe<lorwctilated, . off; it shall. be done inacc~rdance with IS :2-1960*,
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in accordance'with,

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IS r 1599 - 1005 1. SCOPE

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1.1 This ~tandard specifies the method of conducting bend test for determining the ability of metaUicmateriaIsto undergo plastic deform~tion in bending. It applieS.to the.bend test of test pieces taiten from .metallic productS as specified in ther:eJevantproduet standard.

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.1.2 Thil! standard is not applic~ble to certain materials and/or prqductl, for example tubes in fliUaection or welded joints, for which other standards exist. 2.P1lUNCIPLE 2.1 The .bend .test consists of sublniiting a test.piece of round, square, rectangular~ or polygonal cross aectionto ,plastic.deformationby bending, without changi~g the direction of loading,untiJaspe9ified angle of bend is reached. , . " . ~ "T-he. ~ af the two legs of the test piece remain W.a plane .perpendicular to the axis of bending. Inthei::IUe~f lsoe ben~~the two lateral aurfacesinay, depending'onthereqUirements of the' material. ltandard,Jieflat against.each otper ~r' m~y.ije parallelata .pecified distance, an insert being uiec:l'to~~tionhi. 'distance..
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3. SYMBOLS AND DESIGNATIONS 3.1 Symbols and designationl wedin the bend test are shown in Fig. 1 and 2 and specified in 'table 1. ., ; ..

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TABLE,t.SYJCIOLS

SYMBOLS
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.AND DESIGNATIONS

n.IG!f.&.T10B
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shown

in

,Figure. )

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Thicknea 01" diameter of test piece ( 01" diameter of theinscn'bed circle. for pieces ofpolygonaJ c:ioU-tection) Width of teat piece Length of test pice. Dutance between aupporta D.iaineter ofmaodrel Angle of bend Internal mdiua of bend portiOn of test piece after bendin& . . mm degree
mm

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IS: lS99 - 1985 4. TEST EQ,UIPME~

4.1 The bend teitlhall be ~ carried out iiJ. testing ma,chines Or-pressel, equipped with the folloWing devi~ ; -,
a) Bending device ;ith Fig; 1, . two aupports and a mandrel u mown in ,

b) Bend4'1g device with ~ v~biock arid a mandrel as shown in ";":0', Fig. 2{and' c) Bending device',with,a clamp'aiihowitiItFjg~S~ --

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2.

BEND TEST BY THE USE OF V-BLocx

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MANDREL

VICE

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FIG.

BEND TEST THROUGH

AN. ANGLE OVER

It. SPECIFIED RADIUS"

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.4.2 Beadiag Device withS1llpports

aDd a-Mandrel

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4.2.1 The length of the supports and the width of the mandrel 'shall be' greater than the width or diameter of the test piece. The diameter of the mandrel is determined by the material. standard. The test piece supports shall be rounded to a radius between 1 and 10 times the thick- ness of the test piece and shall be sufficientlyhai-d{ see Fig. 1 ). 6

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18 i 1599 - 1985 4.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, the distance between the suppOrts I ahall be taken as approximately: I=D+Sa and shall not change during the bend test. "4-3~DdJng
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Device with a V-BlOck

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4.3.1 The tapered surfaces of the V-block shall form aD angle of 180 CIt (see Fig. 2 ). " 4.3.2 The edges of the V-block shall be rounded to a radius between 1 and 10times the thickness of the teat piece and shall be sufficientlyhard. Devi~ with. Clamp ~ TheJleVice ~nsists of a ~amp 4.4 BeDd:ln~ and a mandrel of sufficient hardnesa;"itm!i1 equipped with a lever be . for applying force to theteJt pieCe(311 Fig. $]. " " . s. nST PIECE .. ,~,~. 5.1 Round,aquare. rect~u1ar or polygOnal"c:roSa section test piecel are used in the test. Any areas oUbe ~teri~1 ~d by aheariQJ or fiaxne teSt pieces.!Wl ~ cutt~g and simiJ,aro~rations during the ~.pf removed. However,tesnng a teSt pi~. ~ a1recied.partH)f w~ich have not been removed, is acceptable proVided the resultant bend ii satisfactory.

5.2 The edges of rectangular test pieces "ihall be rounded to ~"ra$fi~

not exceeding one-tenth of the thickness of test pieces. The rolUldiiig shall be made in such a ~ay that no transverse, b~, aaatches or ma:b are formed which might adversely aff'ectthe teat result. Howew.r, t~ "test piece, the ~dges of which have not been rounded, is acceptable provided the resultant be~d is satid'aetory. . '5.3 Unless otherwise specified in the relevant standard, the width of " the test piece shall be as roll<?ws: a) The$aine.'when'th~width oftheproductjs equal to 9r leis th:m 20mm;and. """ """ ..: b) When the width of a product is more than 20 mm: i) 20:i: 5,mm for products of thickness lessthan S mm, and ii) Between 20 and 50 mm IorproduetS of thicbiessequal to or . --greater than Smm.. "' ,- "". ';'- "_ -" .. .
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5.' Tbic:bea. e the Teat Piece "

5.'.1 The thickness of the test piece 'rom Iheeb,ltripl "andsections shall be equ~to the thickness'of the product to be tested. If the thickness of the product is greater than >25 mlD, it may be reduced by machining one surface to not less than, "25'" mm. DUring bending. thE'. unmachinedside shall be the tension-sidesurface of the test piece. ..' 7

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5.4.2 The round or POlygonal cros~aectionteatpiece ihaII be submitted to the bend telt in the crall Bectionequal to that of the product. In, case the diameter ( for a round croas section) or the inscribed circle diameter (for polygonal Crou aection) does Dot ~xceed 50 mm. When the diameter or the inscribed cirC'jediameter. of the test pieCeexceed SO mm tJP to 'and including 50 mm. it may be reduced not less than 25 Jnm. When the diameter or the .m.c:ribed circle 'di8.lneter. of the, test piece exceeds 50-mm~ it aha1Ibe reduced to not leas than 25 mm (su Fig. 4). During tes~piece. the urmachined lide shall be the temion-side lurface of the bending.

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FiG. 4- POIITION 01' BOD
POL~KAJ:.

1m PIECE tN ROUND OR
SECTIONS

5.5 In the cue of rorginp~ cutiDga and Jernifinilhed produetl~ tile dimemions of the by piece and relevant ItaDdard Orteat agreement. aampJiDg l1laIlbe as lpecified in the

U By agreement but DOt in cues of di'Pute~ test piece. of a greater tlUckneu and width than thole specified in 5.3 and 5.4 may be subjected to the bend teat.
'S.7 The ,testequipmeat teat piece depend. on the thicknea of the ten piece and the length of a tued. Go PROCEDtmE

6.1 In genus1. the teat is carried out at ambient teJnperature be~een 10 and 85-0.' "Teatlcarrled::l: out under CODtrol1edonditions shall be made c' S-O. at a temJ>mlt1lrt!of 23
6.2 The in the relevant carried out wing one of the foIJowing znethoda 'peei1ied bend teat is ltandard: a) 'That. apeeified angle',of bend is achieved under the force and for the given conditiolll (## Fig. 1,2 and 3)j b) That the Jegs of the teat piece are parallel to each other at_ specified distance _pan while under the ~orce( ~, Fig. 6 J; arid c) That the leg. of the piece are in direct COntactWhilounder the f~rce C #e, F"Jg. 7 ). , ' ,

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U In the bend test to a lpecified angle of bend, lay the teet piece on ~~Ppclrta Csu Fig. I ) or on the V-bl0c.k (#1 Fig. 2 .> .nd~d it in mcreasthe middle between the supports by the aeti0lilof a c;ontinuoualy ing foroe.Apply the bending forceilowly so as to permit freep1aJtic flow of the material. :: ' .' . . ",,.-,- ..' -,
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6.3.1 If it is not possibleto bend the testpie<:e to the I~fie~ angle in the manner described in U, complete ~e bend bypreumg due.ctly on ' the end I of the legs of the test piece ( SII Fig di).

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In the .bend test to p~J.lr~~~~.:~f:t~~Jeg;~!,~eiestPi~may be bent urlt. aa indicated in 6.3 and then placed between the parallelpJates of the pre,. ( Ju Fig. 6 ) where it is further fotr:IlcdJ>y ,~ppl,i~tionof a continuo~ly increasing force to obtain paralleliiiil.:'o(,the'<legi:-" The test may be carried out with or Withoutthe insert. The thickneuof tbeimert aballbe d~edin the relevantltandardsorby :agreement.
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An alternate method, of telt it thatof'beD.ding {-su -to4)~'.

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over a mandrel

. 6.5 If lpecified. the teat piece, after ita preliminary beIlding, ,isfurther " .bent between the parallel platea of th.press, 'byappUcatiop of a conti-.', nuouslyincreuing force, to obtain direct cOntact between the Jegl of the test piece ( 616 Fig. 7). .

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FIG.

':6 BEW il

TEST THll.o~GH AN ~GLE

of;l80 ~

ASPECIP'IEDjR..wnn

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FIG.

BEND TEST TO

FLAT

CONDITION

7. IN.tERPRETATION

OP RESULTS

7.1 The interpretation or"thebend teat i! carned out according to the requir~ments othe matedaLstandardll. When these ..requirements.are ...., 'l1otspecified, absence of cracks .visible without the use'of magnifying aids tesL i.I considered as the evidenCe that the teat piece withstood the 'bend ..
7.2 The angle' of bend" specified in material itandarda,.' ia alwaYi c()naide~d'as a minimum. If theintemaI radius-of'a bend-:i. :'pecified" it is coDsideredasa maximum. . ." ..'

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TEST REPORTS

1599 1535
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8.1 The test report shall include the following information: a) Refer:ence to this standard; . b) Identi~cation of the test piece (type of the material; cast number, djrection of the test piece axis relative to a product, etc ); .. .c) Shape. and dimensiow of the test piece; d) Test method; and e) Test result.

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