Generic Name Dosage Therapeutic Action Classification Contraindication Side Effect Nursing Responsibility

• • •
1. Amantadine • Inluenza A virus
May inhibit penetration of
influenza A virus into the
Antiviral
Antiparkinsonian
Contraindicated
with allergy to drug
CNS: Light
headedness,
Do not discontinue
abruptly when
Hydrochloride prophylaxis: 200 host cell; may increase product, dizziness, insomnia, treating
mg/day PO or 100 dopamine release in the eczematoid rash, confusion, irritability, parkinsonism
bid PO for 10 days nigrostriatal pathway of psychoses, psychosis, ataxia, syndrome,
after exposure, for patients with Parkinson’s lactation. depression, parkinsonian crisis
up to 90 days if disease, relieving their • Use cautiously with hallucination. may occur.
vaccination is symptoms. renal or hepatic • CV: CHF, orthostatic
impossible and
disease, seizures, hypotension,
exposure is
CHF, pregnancy. dyspnea.
repeated. If used
in conjunction with • GI: Nausea,
influenza vaccine, anorexia,
administer for 2 constipation, dry
wks after vaccine mouth.
has been given. • GU: Urinary
• Influenza A virus retention.
treatment: Same
dose as above;
start treatment as
soon after
exposure as
possible,
continuing for 24-
48 hr after
symptoms are
gone.
• Parkinsonism
treatment: 100 mg
bid (up to 400
mg/day) PO when
used alone; reduce
in patients
receiving other
antiparkinsonian
drugs.
• Drug-induced
extrapyramidal
reactions: 100 mg
bid PO, up to 300
mg/day in divided
doses has been
used.
2. Ranitidine • Active duodenal Competitively inhibits the Histamine2 (H2) • Contraindicated • CNS: Headache, • Administer oral
ulcer: 150 mg bid action of histamine at H2 antagonist with allergy to malaise, dizziness, drug meals and hs.
Hydrochloride
PO for 4-8 wk. receptors of the parietal ranitidine, somnolence, • Decrease doses in
Alternatively, 300 cells of the stomach, lactation. insomia, vertigo renal and liver
mg PO once daily inhibiting basal gastric • Use cautiously with • CV: Tachycardia, failure.
hs or 50 mg IM or acid secretion that impaired renal or bradycardia, PVCs • Provide concurrent
IV q 6-8 hr or by stimulates by food, hepatic function, (rapid IV antacid therapy to
 intermittent IV insulin, histamine, pregnancy. administration) relieve pain.
fusion, diluted to cholinergic agonist, • Dermatologic: • Administer IM dose
100 ml and infused gastrin, and Rash, alopecia undiluted, deep
over 15-20 min. Do pentagastrin. • GI: Constipation, into large muscle
not exceed 400 diarrhea, nausea, group.
mg/day. vomiting, abdominal • Arrange for regular
• Maintenance pain, hepatitis, follow-up, including
therapy. Duodenal increase ALT levels blood test, to
ulcer: 150 mg PO • GU: Gynecomastia, evaluate effects.
hs. impotence or
• Active gastric decreased libido
ulcer: 150 mg bid • Hematologic:
PO or 50 mg IM or Leukopenia,
IV q 6-8 hr. granulocytopenia,
• Pathologic thrombocytopenia,
hypersecretory pancytopenia
syndrome: 150 mg • Local: Pain at IM
bid PO. site, local burning or
Individualize dose itching at IV site
with patient’s • Other: Arthralgias
response. Do not
exceed 6 g/day.
• GERD,
esophagitis,
benign gastric
ulcer: 150 mg bid
PO.
• Treatment of
heartburn, acid
indigestion: 75 mg
PO as needed
3. Ampicillin Sodium Adults: Bactericidal action Antibiotic • Contraindicated Adverse effects reported • Culture infected
The usual adult dosage against sensitive Penicillin with allergies to with ampicillin are similar area before
of ampicillin for the organisms; inhibits penicillins, to those reported with treatment;
treatment of respiratory synthesis of bacterial cell cephalosporins, or other aminopenicillins; reculture area if
tract or skin and skin wall, causing cell death. other allergens however, diarrhea and response is not as
structure infections is • Use cautiously with rash have been reported expected.
250–500 mg every 6 renal disorder. more frequently with • Check IV site
hours. For the treatment ampicillin than with other carefully for signs
of GI or urinary tract currently available of thrombosis or
infections, the usual aminopenicillins. drug reaction.
adult dosage is 500 mg • Do not give IM
every 6 hours. For injections in the
severe infections, larger same site; atrophy
doses may be required. can occur. Monitor
injection site.
The usual adult dosage • Administer oral
of ampicillin for the drumg on an
treatment of septicemia empty stomach, 1
or bacterial meningitis is hr before o 2 hrs
8–14 g or 150–200 after meals with a
 full glass of water;
do not give with
mg/kg daily given
fruit juice or soft
parenterally in equally
drinks.
divided doses every 3–4
hours. For the initial
treatment of septicemia
or meningitis, ampicillin
should be given IV for at
least 3 days but may
then be given IM.

4. Nalbuphine HCL The usual recommended Nalbuphine acts as an Opioid agonist- Hypersensitivity to • CNS effects: • Taper dosage
adult dose is 10 mg for a agonist at specific opioid antagonist analgesic nalbuphine or any Nervousness, when discontinuing
70 kg individual, receptors in the CNS to component, including depression, after prolonged
administered produce analgesia and sulfites; pregnancy restlessness, use to avoid
subcutaneously, sedation but also acts to (prolonged use or high crying, withdrawal
intramuscularly or cause hallucinations and dosages at term) euphoria, symptoms.
intravenously; this dose its antagonist at mu floating, • Keep opioids
may be repeated every 3 receptors. hostility, antagonist and
to 6 hours as necessary. unusual facilities for
Dosage should be dreams, assisted or
adjusted according to the confusion, controlled
severity of the pain, faintness, respiration readily
physical status of the hallucinations, available in case of
patient, and other dysphoria, respiratory
medications which the feeling of depression.
patient may be receiving. heaviness, • Reassure patient
In non-tolerant numbness, about addiction
individuals, the tingling, liability; most
recommended single unreality. The patients who
maximum dose is 20 mg, incidence of receive opiates for
with a maximum total psychotomimeti medical reasons
daily dose of 160 mg. c effects, such do not develop
as unreality, dependence
depersonalizati syndrome.
on, delusions,
dysphoria and
hallucinations
has been
shown to be
less than that
which occurs
with
pentazocine.
• Cardiovascular:
Hypertension,
hypotension,
bradycardia,
tachycardia,
 pulmonary
edema.
• Gastrointestinal:
Cramps,
dyspepsia,
bitter taste.
• Respiration:
Depression,
dyspnea,
asthma.
• Dermatological:
Itching, burning,
urticaria.

5. Metoclopramide Gastroesophageal reflux:

Oral: 10-15 mg/dose up
Stimulates motility of
upper GI tract without
GI Stimulant
Antiemetic
Contraindicated with
allergy to
• CNS: restlessness, • Monitor BP
carefully during IV
to 4 times/day 30 stimulating gastric, Dopaminergic blocker Metoclopramide; GI drowsiness, fatigue, administration.
minutes before meals or biliary, or pancreatic hemorrhage, mechanical lassitude, insomnia,
• Monitor for
food and at bedtime; secretions; appears to obstruction or extrapyramidal
reactions, akathisia, extrapyramidal
single doses of 20 mg sensitize tissues to perforation; reactions, and
are occasionally needed action of acetylcholine; pheochromocytoma; dystonia,
myoclonus, consult physician if
for provoking situations relaxes pyloric sphincter, epilepsy. they occur.
which when combined Use cautiously with dizziness, anxiety.
• CV: Transient • Monitor diabetic
with effects on motility, previously detected patients, arrange
Gastrointestinal hypertension.
accelerates gastric breast cancer; lactation, for alteration in
hypomotility
(gastroparesis):
emptying and intestinal pregnancy. • GI: Nausea, insulin dose or
transit; little effect on timing if diabetic
diarrhea.
gallbladder or colon control is
Oral: 10 mg 30 minutes motility; increases lower compromised by
before each meal and at esophageal sphincter alterations in
bedtime for 2-8 weeks pressure; has sedative timing of food
properties; induces absorption.
release of prolactin.
I.V. (for severe
symptoms): 10 mg over
1-2 minutes; 10 days of
I.V. therapy may be
necessary for best
response

Antiemetic
(chemotherapy-induced
emesis) (unlabeled): I.V.:
1-2 mg/kg 30 minutes
before chemotherapy
and every 2-4 hours, for
a total of 5 doses (5-10
mg/kg) daily

Postoperative nausea
and vomiting (unlabeled):
I.M., I.V.: 10 mg near end
of surgery; 20 mg doses
may be used

Post-pyloric feeding tube

placement (unlabeled):
I.M., I.V.: 10 mg