Ajanta's CFL (Research Methodology)

A PROJECT REPORT ON THE STUDY ON RETAILER ATTITUDE TOWARDS CFL OF THE AJANTA QUARTZ WITH REFERENCE TO SURAL CITY
UNDERTAKEN AT AJANTA MANUFACTURING LTD. (OREVA GROUP)
SUBMITTED BY: LAKHANI PRAKASH D. (81)
GUIDED BY: MRS. DAISY SHEBY THEKKANAL
THE SURAT PEOPLES CO.OP.BANK COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, UDHNA, SURAT 2010-11
TABLE OF CONTAIN
INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 Objective of Study 1.2 Benefit of Study 1.3 Justification of study CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2 2.1 Introduction of Retailers Attitude 2.2 What is CFL? 2.3 Introduction of Ajanta Quartz RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Marketing Research 3.2 The Research Process 3 3.3 Research Design 3.4 Types of Data Collection 3.5 Research Instrument 3.6 Sampling Process 4 5 6 DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION FINDING & CONCLUSION SUGGESTION Bibliography Annexure 32 52 55 19 4 1
Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT
The SPB College of Business Administration
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1.1.1 Primary Objective
To study on retailers attitude about Ajantas CFL (COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMP) in Surat. To know the CFL position in the Surat city. To know the delivery stock and time of CFL
1.1.2 Secondary Objective

To know the customer view about CFL when they buy it. To measure total market of CFL in Surat city. The study helps in develop incentive plan.
1.2 BENEFIT OF THE STUDY

The project helpful to company to know whether their current marketing strategies are effective or not. The study measure attitude of retailers towards Ajantas CFL in Surat city. Knowing about delivery sock and time to the company. The project helpful to company to evaluate their products market position in Surat city. This study plays important role for the company to undertake development task. Knowing customers view about CFL when they buy it. This study makes products progressive for the company. For making future plan for retailers.
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1.3 JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT TITLE

My project title is . In this title to know the attitude of retailer, market situation and market position of the CFL in Surat city. What is the current demand of the CFL and what is the future demand of the CFL is to be research in this project. This project also includes delivery stock and time of CFL.
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CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF MARKET POTENTIAL

2.1 INTRODUCTION OF RETAILERS ATTITUDE 2.1.1 What is Attitude?
Definition:
o An attitude is a hypothetical construct that represents an individual's degree of

like or dislike for something.
According to the Merriam Webster dictionary
An Attitude is a mental
position with regard to a fact or state; a feeling or emotion toward a fact or state. For Example Lets contemplate the attitude of optimism. If you decide to have an optimistic and positive attitude in life, you'll be inclined to practice positive self-talk. Your dominant mental habits will include always seeing the glass half full, always giving people the benefit of the doubt, and always feeling a sense of hope and trust that things will turn out okay. This attitude of optimism and the corresponding mindset of positivity, compassion, hope and trust would then drive you to take certain actions. You'd be more relaxed giving and sharing with others, you'd take more risks because you'd feel a healthy level of confidence that things would work out for the best, and you would give your all because you would see the opportunity in everything. Can you imagine what kind of circumstances would occur for someone with an optimistic attitude? As if by magic, they would attract positive, generous people, work opportunities that were engaging and relationships that were fulfilling. Attitudes are generally positive or negative views of a person, place, thing, or event this is often referred to as the attitude object. People can also be conflicted or ambivalent toward an object, meaning that they simultaneously possess both positive and negative attitudes toward the item in question.
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Attitudes are judgments. They develop on the ABC model (affect, behavior, and cognition). The affective response is an emotional response that expresses an individual's degree of preference for an entity. The behavioral intention is a verbal indication or typical behavioral tendency of an individual. The cognitive response is a cognitive evaluation of the entity that constitutes an individual's beliefs about the object. Most attitudes are the result of either direct experience or observational learning from the environment.
2.1.2 What is retailing?

Retailing is the sale of goods or commodities in small quantities directly, only for individual or personal purpose not for business purpose to final consumers. Retailing involves selling products and services to consumers for their personal or family use. Department stores, like Burdines and Macy's, discount stores like Wal-Mart and KMart, and specialty stores like Big Bazaar, Iscon Mall and pantaloons, are all examples of retail stores. Service providers, like dentists, hotels and hair salons, and on-line stores, like Amazon.com, are also retailers. Many businesses, like Home Depot, are both wholesalers and retailers because they sell to consumers and building contractors. Other businesses, like The Limited, are both manufactures and retailers. Regardless of other functions these businesses perform, they are still retailers when they interact with the final user of the product or service.
2.1.2.1 Why is Retailing Important?

As the final link between consumers and manufacturers, retailers are a vital part of the business world. Retailers add value to products by making it easier for manufactures to sell and consumers to buy. It would be very costly and time consuming for you to locate, contact and make a purchase from the manufacturer every time you wanted to buy a candy bar, a sweater or a bar of soap. Similarly, it would be very costly for the manufactures of these products to locate and distribute them to consumers individually. By bringing multitudes of manufacturers and consumers together at a single
The SPB College of Business Administration Page 6
point, retailers make it possible for products to be sold, and, consequently, business to be done. Retailers also provide services that make it less risky and more fun to buy products. They have salespeople on hand who can answer questions, may offer credit, and display products so that consumers know what is available and can see it before buying. In addition, retailers may provide many extra services, from personal shopping to gift wrapping to delivery, that increase the value of products and services to consumers.
2.1.2.2 The Future of Retailing

Advances in technology, like the Internet, have helped make retailing an even more challenging and exciting field in recent years. The nature of the business and the way retailing is done are currently undergoing fundamental changes. However, retailing in some form will always be necessary. For example, even though the Internet is beginning to make it possible for manufacturers to sell directly to consumers, the very vastness of cyberspace will still make it very difficult for a consumer to purchase every product he or she uses directly. On-line retailers, like Amazon.com, bring together assortments of products for consumers to buy in the same way that bricks-and-mortar retailers do. In addition, traditional retailers with physical stores will continue to be necessary. Of course, retailers who offer personal services, like hair styling, will need to have face-toface interaction with the consumer. But even with products, consumers often want to see, touch and try them before they buy. Or, they may want products immediately and won't want to wait for them to be shipped. Also, and perhaps most importantly, in many cases the experience of visiting the retailer is an important part of the purchase. Everything that the retailer can do to make the shopping experience pleasurable and fun can help ensure that customers come back.
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2.1.2.3 Types of retail outlets

A marketplace is a location where goods and services are exchanged. The traditional market square is a city square where traders set up stalls and buyers browse the merchandise. This kind of market is very old, and countless such markets are still in operation around the whole world. In some parts of the world, the retail business is still dominated by small family-run stores, but this market is increasingly being taken over by large retail chains. There are the following types of retailers by marketing strategy: 1) Department stores - very large stores offering a huge assortment of "soft" and "hard goods; often bear a resemblance to a collection of specialty stores. A retailer of such store carries variety of categories and has broad assortment at average price. They offer considerable customer service. 2) Discount stores - tend to offer a wide array of products and services, but they compete mainly on price offers extensive assortment of merchandise at affordable and cut-rate prices. Normally retailers sell less fashion-oriented brands. 3) Supermarkets - sell mostly food products; 4) Warehouse stores - warehouses that offer low-cost, often high-quantity goods piled on pallets or steel shelves; warehouse clubs charge a membership fee; 5) Variety stores or "dollar stores" - these offer extremely low-cost goods, with limited selection; 6) Demographic - retailers that aim at one particular segment (e.g., high-end retailers focusing on wealthy individuals). 7) Mom-And-Pop: is a retail outlet that is owned and operated by individuals. The range of products are very selective and few in numbers. These stores are seen in local community often are family-run businesses. The square feet area of the store depends on the store holder. 8) Specialty stores: A typical specialty store gives attention to a particular category and provides high level of service to the customers. A pet store that specializes in selling dog food would be regarded as a specialty store. However, branded stores also come under this format. For example if a customer visits a
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Reebok or Gap store then they find just Reebok and Gap products in the respective stores. 9) General store - a rural store that supplies the main needs for the local community; 10) Convenience stores: is essentially found in residential areas. They provide limited amount of merchandise at more than average prices with a speedy checkout. This store is ideal for emergency and immediate purchases. 11) Hypermarkets: provides variety and huge volumes of exclusive merchandise at low margins. The operating cost is comparatively less than other retail formats. 12) Supermarkets: is a self-service store consisting mainly of grocery and limited products on non-food items. They may adopt a Hi-Lo or an EDLP strategy for pricing. The supermarkets can be anywhere between 20,000 and 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2). Example: SPAR supermarket. 13) Malls: has a range of retail shops at a single outlet. They endow with products, food and entertainment under a roof. 14) Category killers or Category Specialist: By supplying wide assortment in a single category for lower prices a retailer can "kill" that category for other retailers. For few categories, such as electronics, the products are displayed at the center of the store and sales person will be available to address customer queries and give suggestions when required. Other retail format stores are forced to reduce the prices if a category specialist retail store is present in the vicinity. 15) E-tailers: The customer can shop and order through internet and the merchandise are dropped at the customer's doorstep. Here the retailers use drop shipping technique. They accept the payment for the product but the customer receives the product directly from the manufacturer or a wholesaler. This format is ideal for customers who do not want to travel to retail stores and are interested in home shopping. However it is important for the customer to be wary about defective products and non-secure credit card transaction. Example: Amazon, Pennyful and EBay. 16) Vending Machines: This is an automated piece of equipment wherein customers can drop in the money in machine and acquire the products.
2.2 WHAT IS CFL (COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMP)?

A COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMP (CFL; also called compact fluorescent light, energy-saving light, and compact fluorescent tube) is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent lamp; some types fit into light fixtures formerly used for incandescent lamps. Compared to general-service incandescent lamps giving the same amount of visible light, CFLs use less power (typically one fifth) and have a longer rated life (six to ten times average). In most countries, a CFL has a higher purchase price than an incandescent lamp, but can save over five times its purchase price in electricity costs over the lamp's lifetime. Like all fluorescent lamps, CFLs contain mercury, which complicates their disposal. In many countries, governments have established recycling schemes for CFLs and glass generally. CFLs radiate a light spectrum that is different from that of incandescent lamps. Improved phosphor formulations have improved the perceived color of the light emitted by CFLs, such that some sources rate the best "soft white" CFLs as subjectively similar in color to standard incandescent lamps.
2.2.1 History of CFL

The parent to the modern fluorescent lamp was invented in the late 1890s by Peter Cooper Hewitt. The Cooper Hewitt lamps were used for photographic studios and industries. Edmund Germer, Friedrich Meyer, and Hans Spanner patented a high-pressure vapor lamp in 1927. George Inman later teamed with General Electric to create a practical fluorescent lamp, sold in 1938 and patented in 1941. Circular and U-shaped lamps were devised to reduce the length of fluorescent light fixtures. The first fluorescent bulb and fixture were displayed to the general public at the 1939 New York World's Fair. The helical (three-dimensional spiral) CFL was invented in 1976 by Edward Hammer, an engineer with General Electric, in response to the 1973 oil crisis. Although the design met its goals, and it would have cost GE about US$25-million to build new factories to produce the lamps, the invention was shelved. The design eventually was copied by
others. In 1995, helical lamps, manufactured in China, became commercially available; their sales have steadily increased. In 1980, Philips introduced its model SL, which was a screw-in lamp with integral ballast. The lamp used a folded T4 tube, stable tri-color phosphors, and a mercury amalgam. This was the first successful screw-in replacement for an incandescent lamp. In 1985 Osram started selling its model EL lamp, which was the first CFL to include electronic ballast. Development of fluorescent lamps that could fit in the same volume as comparable incandescent lamps required the development of new, high-efficacy phosphors that could withstand more power per unit area than the phosphors used in older, larger fluorescent tubes.
2.2.2 CFL power sources

CFLs are produced for both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) input. DC CFLs are popular for use in recreational vehicles and off-the-grid housing. There are various aid agency-led initiatives in developing countries to replace kerosene lanterns (with their associated health hazards) with DC CFLs (with car batteries and small solar panels or wind generators). CFLs can also be operated with solar powered street lights, using solar panels located on the top or sides of a pole and light fixtures that are specially wired to use the lamps.
2.2.3 Comparison with incandescent lamps

Lifespan o The average rated life of a CFL is 8 to 15 times that of incandescent. CFLs typically have a rated lifespan of 6,000 to 15,000 hours, whereas incandescent lamps are usually manufactured to have a lifespan of 750 hours or 1,000 hours. Energy efficiency o For a given light output, CFLs use 20 to 33 percent of the power of equivalent incandescent lamps. Since lighting accounted for approximately 9% of household
electricity usage in the United States in 2001, widespread use of CFLs could save as much as 7% of total U.S. household usage. Electrical power consumption Watts (W) Compact fluorescent Incandescent 913 1315 1825 2330 3052 40 60 75 100 150
Embodied energy
o While CFLs require more energy in manufacturing than incandescent lamps, this embodied energy is offset by their longer life and lower energy use than equivalent incandescent lamps
Cost
o While the purchase price of an integrated CFL is typically 3 to 10 times greater than that of an equivalent incandescent lamp, the extended lifetime and lower energy use will more than compensate for the higher initial cost. A U.S. article stated "A household that invested $90 in changing 30 fixtures to CFLs would save $440 to $1,500 over the fiveyear life of the bulbs, depending on your cost of electricity. Look at your utility bill and imagine a 12% discount to estimate the savings.
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2.2.4 Disadvantages
1) Starting time Incandescent reach full brightness a fraction of a second after being switched on, although some models take several seconds to reach their rated luminance. As of 2009, CFLs turn on within a second, but many still take time to warm up to full brightness. The light color may be slightly different immediately after being turned on. Some CFLs are marketed as "instant on" and have no noticeable warm-up period, but others can take up to a minute to reach full brightness, or longer in very cold temperatures. Some that use a mercury amalgam can take up to three minutes to reach full output. This and the shorter life of CFLs when turned on and off for short periods may make CFLs less suitable for applications such as motion-activated lighting. 2) Hybrid CFL In November 2010 hybrid CFLs, with instant full brightness with no warm-up delay, became available. These lamps combine a halogen lamp with a CFL. The halogen lamp lights immediately, and is switched off once the CFL has reached full brightness. 3) Human Health The cost effectiveness of battery-powered CFLs allows aid agencies to support initiatives to replace kerosene lamps, whose fumes cause chronic lung disorders in typical homes and work-places in Third World countries. According to the European Commission Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) in 2008, the only property of compact fluorescent lamps that could pose an added health risk is the ultraviolet and blue light emitted. The worst that can happen is that this radiation could aggravate symptoms in people who already suffer rare skin conditions that make them exceptionally sensitive to light. They also stated that more research is needed to establish whether compact fluorescent lamps constitute any higher risk than incandescent lamps. If individuals are exposed to the light produced by some single-envelope compact fluorescent lamps for long periods of time at distances of less than 20 cm, it could lead to
ultraviolet exposures approaching the current workplace limit set to protect workers from skin and retinal damage. The UV radiation received from CFLs is too small to contribute to skin cancer and the use of double-envelope CFLs "largely or entirely" mitigates any other risks
4) Mercury content CFLs, like all fluorescent lamps, contain mercury as vapor inside the glass tubing. Most CFLs contain 35 mg per bulb, with the eco-friendly bulbs containing as little as 1 mg. Because mercury is poisonous, even these small amounts are a concern for landfills and waste incinerators where the mercury from lamps may be released and contribute to air and water pollution. In the U.S., lighting manufacturer members of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) have voluntarily capped the amount of mercury used in CFLs. In the EU the same cap is required by the RoHS law. In areas with coal-fired power stations, the use of CFLs saves on mercury emissions when compared to the use of incandescent bulbs. This is due to the reduced electrical power demand, reducing in turn the amount of mercury released by coal as it is burned. In July 2008 the U.S. EPA published a data sheet stating that the net system emission of mercury for CFL lighting was lower than for incandescent lighting of comparable lumen output. This was based on the average rate of mercury emission for U.S. electricity production and average estimated escape of mercury from a CFL put into a landfill. Coalfired plants also emit other heavy metals, sulphur, and carbon dioxide. Net mercury emissions for CFL and incandescent lamps, based on EPA FAQ sheet, assuming average U.S. emission of 0.012 mg of mercury per kilowatt-hour and 14% of CFL mercury contents escapes to environment after land fill disposal. In the United States, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimated that if all 270 million compact fluorescent lamps sold in 2007 were sent to landfill sites that this would represent around 0.13 metric tons, or 0.1% of all U.S. emissions of mercury.
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2.3 INTRODUCTION OF AJANTA QUARTZ 2.3.1 Introduction

The Company is engaged in the business of manufacturing vitrified tiles, aluminum composite panels, CFL bulbs and e-bikes. Set forth below are certain significant legislations and regulations that generally govern this industry in India. We are one of Indias leading manufacturers of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and vitrified tiles. We also manufacture aluminum composite panels (ACPs) and have recently commenced the production of battery operated electromotive bikes (E-Bikes). We manufacture all our products in a single integrated facility located on approximately 181 acres in Samakhayali village in Bhachau taluka in the district of Kutch in Gujarat. We market our products under the OREVA brand name. Our company philosophy is to provide quality products at affordable prices for the mass market. Our Company was founded in 1994 by Shree Odhavjibhai R Patel, founder of Ajanta Transistor Clock Manufacturing Company, which was established in 1971 and engaged in the manufacturing of wall clocks under the Ajanta brand name. Our Promoter Group Companies are based in Morbi, Gujarat (approximately 50 kilometers from our manufacturing facility). Our Promoter Group Companies manufacture and sell a broad range of products, including consumer and electronic products and home appliances. We have an India-wide distribution network for each of our products. We export our CFLs to the United Arab Emirates and our vitrified tiles to the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Iraq and the West Indies. Similarly, we procure our materials directly from manufacturers and producers, principally in China, Korea, Taiwan and Thailand. We believe that our distribution expertise will assist us in creating and growing a nationwide distribution network for E-Bikes. We plan to sell our E-Bikes under the OREVA brand name through our dealer network, initially in western India and gradually all over India. Our total revenues for the nine months ended December 31, 2007 and the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2006 were 3,654.14 million, 3,306.57 million and 897.50 million, respectively. Export sales for the nine months ended December 31,
2007 and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 were 775.24 million and 448.97 million, respectively. Our profit after tax for the nine months ended December 31, 2007 and the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2006 were 504.56 million, 276.31 million and 13.38 million, respectively. Our revenues and EBIDTA by operating division are set forth in the table below.
2.3.2 History
Shree Odhavjibhai R. Patel founded AJANTA QUARTZ in 1971 which started with manufacturing clocks under the brand AJANTA (Ajanta Transistor Clock Manufacturing Company) is now the Worlds Largest Clock Manufacturing Company. It later diversified into Lighting & Ceramic products under the brand OREVA (Ajanta Manufacturing Limited). It has a large integrated manufacturing facility in Samakhayali (Dist. Kutch) and Morbi (Dist. Rajkot), which provides employment to more than 6000 people. Ajanta Manufacturing Limited, the corporate presence behind the leading OREVA brands of the country. Be it the CFL (power savers), Vitrified Tiles, Ajanta Manufacturing Limited mesmerized the market with its presence. To their credit they have successfully managed to hold on the hype that is always created in the market when the OREVA Brands hit any new segment. Ajanta Manufacturing Limited has consciously always ventured into the World class & value for money products that reach across the country and offered them the facilities and services which were at par with the best available and achievable. And during this process, Value for money has always been the top priority. Value for money products has made OREVA brand far flung across the country. OREVA CFL has broken all sales barriers and has become the power saver to the nation. Manufacturing a millions of these CFL Lamps helps in contributing to the nations prosperity by saving huge amount of electricity. They are single handedly responsible for making the products, which were earlier considered pure luxuries and were meant only for affluent sections of the society, absolutely within the reach of all grouping people. CFL lamps were used only as interior decoration accessories are now the most economical lighting option for the people of
India. OREVA is amongst the leading few industrial houses to invest in the affordable ebikes technology that has the potential to revolutionize the way people travel in this country and is off course the answer to all the scarcity of the petrol resources. In order to cater to the Digital era, AJANTA has forayed into manufacturing Digital clocks and Digital moving display boards. Moving Display Boards are available in Single dimensions to suit the ambience, in various sizes designed according to the customer requirements, styles, languages and effects for displaying Information/ Messages. It offers a wide range of clocks with features like Temperature, Humidity, Calendar, Time, and Battery Back-up etc. available in various designs, colors and Sizes. AJANTA already being a worlds leader in wall clock segment has also become a pioneer in Digital clock segment in India. OREVA also has the largest Vitrified tiles plant in India having a production capacity of approximately 32,000 Sq. Mt. per day. Company have established a nationwide strong sales and distribution network, comprising around 150 super stockiest (depots), and more than 25000 A grade dealers (retail outlets) throughout the country.
2.3.3 Vision
As rightly said Vision is the art of seeing what is invisible to others. At OREVA, We cogitate to achieve highest level of customer satisfaction by continuously developing innovative product range to deliver "Value for money" products to our valued customers.
2.3.4 Product
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) OREVA CFL OREVA Vitrified OREVA E-bike Moving display Board clock Digital clock
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2.3.5 Quality
Before we determine to introduce a new product, we undertake extensive research from both the marketing and manufacturing perspectives. We employ a proactive in-house research and development team whose main objective is to work out cost-effective manufacturing processes and maintain quality standards for all our products and to develop economical and efficient manufacturing solutions. We strive to create an invigorating workplace, in which all employees understand their individual responsibility to deliver high quality work by preventing waste, simplifying work practices and saving energy.
2.3.6 OREVA Management

Name Mr. Odhavjibhai R Patel (O.R.Patel) Mr. Jaysukhbhai O Patel Mr. Jayeshbhai N Sheth Mr. Chintanbhai J Patel Designation Chairman Managing Director Director Director
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CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
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CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 MARKETING RESEARCH 3.1.1 Meaning
Properly conduct of market survey is a required tool for top management in decision making in order to conduct a useful and objective market research. A research methodology only then the studies conduct can be properly elaborated and commented on so I have conduct research and it include some sub-point and first one is market research. Marketing research is the function which links the consumer, customer and Public to the market through information-information used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems, generate, refine and evaluate marketing actions, monitor understanding of marketing as a process. Marketing Research Is The Systematic Design Collection, Analysis And Reporting Of Data And Findings Relevant To A Specific Marketing Situation Facing The Company. Marketing research involves the use of surveys, tests, and statistical studies to analyze consumer trends and to forecast the qualitative and locale of a market favorable to the profitable sale of products or service. The social sciences are increasingly utilized in customer research. Psychology and sociology, for example, by providing clues to peoples activities, circumstances, wants, desires, and general motivation, are keys to understanding the various behavioral patterns of consumers.
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3.2 THE RESEARCH PROCESS Following are the research process which can be useful to determine the project and
project title also. There are mainly eight steps of the following charts:-
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3.2.1 Formulating the Research Problem

It is very first and most important step in the applied research process because, poorly defined problem will not yield useful results. It is rightly said A problem well defined is half solved. Poorly defined problem cause confusion and do not allow to develop a good research design. In this study researcher set problem of The Study on Retailer Attitude towards CFL of the Ajanta Quartz. This problem is overt and latent difficulties because objectives of project are: o To study on retailers attitude about Ajantas CFL (COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMP) in Surat. o To know the CFL position in the Surat city. o To know the delivery stock and time of CFL
3.2.1.1 Sampling Unit

The individuals or objects whose characteristics are to be measures are called sampling unit. The sampling units always identify the objects to be studies. It is necessary that the universe is well defined. The researcher want to study on retailers attitude towards CFL of the Ajanta Quartz, so the researcher may consider all retailer of Ajanta Quartz who sales CFL, as sampling unit.
3.2.1.2 Time and Space Boundaries

As regard time and boundaries, we find that the two universes are again different. In the first instance, a precise date, viz. 30th January, 1990 is given while in the second instance the entire month of January is given. Similarly, two universes are different in terms of space-the buyer universe specifies stores located in Delhi while the shoppers universe specifies the Delhi metropolitan area which should be a larger territory than the former.
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The researcher set time and space boundaries as The Study on retailer Attitude towards CFL of The Ajanta Quartz with respect to Surat city in August 2011.
3.2.1.3 Characteristics of Interest

This aspect identifies the focus of the problem. In our earlier example, the characteristics if interest can be style and color preferences, buying behavior, personality traits, etc. Again, the researcher may be interested in only one characteristic. It is necessary that the problem definition specify one or more characteristics to be measured and the fact that the nature of relationships amongst them is to be determined. Thus, we may like to know more specifically as to what dresses are liked by educated women or those who are employed.
3.2.1.4 Environmental Condition

This aspect indicates the uniqueness or generality of the problem. For example, if the management is interested in knowing how the units respond to price changes, then the problem definition should specify the prices to be researched. The management is sometimes interested in knowing the behavior of certain types of firm under specific economic condition. In such cases, the problem definition must spell out those conditions precisely.
3.2.1.5 Hypothesis Development

A hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in your study. For example, a study designed to look at the relationship between sleep deprivation and test performance might have a hypothesis that states, "This study is designed to assess the hypothesis that sleep deprived people will perform worse on a test than individuals who are not sleep deprived. Before we pass on the next stage, it is worthwhile to briefly mention the development of hypothesis. A hypothesis is a proposition which the researcher wants to verify. In statistical hypothesis testing, the alternative hypothesis (or maintained hypothesis or research hypothesis) and the null hypothesis are the two rival hypotheses which are
compared by a statistical hypothesis test. An example might be where water quality in a stream has been observed over many years and a test is made of the null hypothesis that there is no change in quality between the first and second halves of the data against the alternative hypothesis that the quality is poorer in the second half of the record. The researcher set following hypothesis Null Hypothesis o The attitude of retailer is positive towards CFL of Ajanta Quartz. o The position of CFL of Ajanta Quartz in Surat city is well. o The customers view about CFL of Ajanta Quartz is positive. Alternative Hypothesis o The attitude of retailer is not positive towards CFL of Ajanta Quartz. o The position of CFL of Ajanta Quartz in Surat city is not well.
o The customers view about CFL of Ajanta Quartz is negative.
3.2.2 Choice of Research Design

The research design is the blue print of the study. A research design is a logical and systematical planning and it helps directing a piece of research. Types of research design are following:
Research Design
Exploratory study
Descriptive study
Causal study
Litrature search
experince survey
Focus group
Analysis of selected cases
Longitudina l
Cross section
Natural ex.
Controlled ex.
True panel
Omnibus panel
Sample surver
Time series
Cross sectional designs
Combinatio n of these two design
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Descriptive research - Cross Sectional research design was taken by the researcher for The Study on Retailer Attitude towards CFL of the Ajanta Quartz With Reference To Surat City Because this, research design is focused on accurate descriptive of the variable present in the problem. A descriptive study is undertaken when the researcher wants to know the characteristics of certain groups such as age, sex, education level, income, occupations, etc.
3.2.3 Determining Sources of Data

After research design has been selected, the other important step is to collect the required data. There are two types of data: 1) Primary Data, 2) Secondary Data. For the purpose of the study, primary data is collected by directly personal interview of the respondents to collect their view about CFL of Ajanta Quartz. This was flat necessary because people in gravel have a tendency in answering question. There are some secondary data collected from Internet, websites, magazine to collect the proper information and the industry details about CFL of Ajanta Quartz.
3.2.4 Designing Data Collection Forms

Once the decision in favor of collection or sources of data, one has to decide the mode of collection. The two methods are available: 1) Observation Method o This method suggests that data are collect through ones observation. If the researcher is a keen observer, with integrity he would be in a position to observe and record data faithfully and accurately. While the observational method may be
suitable in the case of some studies, several things of interest such as attitudes, opinions, motivations and other intangible states of mind cannot be observed. 2) Survey Method o In marketing research, field surveys are commonly used to collect primary data from the respondents. Surveys can be 1) Personal, 2) Telephonic, 3) Mail, 4) Diary. The researcher decided to collect data through primary data collection; the researcher was selecting the survey method for collection of primary data. In the survey method, the researcher selects personal survey and e-mail survey for data collection. For the collection of required primary data, the researcher prepared the questionnaire, which is enclosed at the end of the topic. The questionnaire includes two types of question that is single choice, multi-choice and rank question.
3.2.5 Determining Sampling Design and Sampling Size

When the researcher had decided to carry out a filed survey, he had to decide whether it is to be a census survey or sample survey. The researcher was select a census survey for his research as it has an overwhelming advantages over a sample survey Sampling method: The researcher was selected Surat city of Gujarat state as his sample site and area sampling Sample size: In sample size the researcher have taken 150 samples as a sample size which include 150 as a personal interview.
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3.2.6 Organizing and conducting The Field Survey

After selection of sample size and sample method, the researcher was went for a field survey. The researcher was collected required data by filing up the questionnaire from various respondents.
3.2.7 Processing and Analyzing the Collected Data

When the researcher was complete his field survey, the researcher processed the collected data and analyze it in a systematic manner so as the researcher derived results from it. In order to derive meaningful outcomes from the data, the researcher formed the data in tables and then uses various statistical tools and interprets the data as it shown in the chapter of findings and analysis of data.
3.2.8 Preparing the Research Report

After data had been tabulated, interpreted and analyzed, the researcher prepared his report embodying the findings of his research study and his recommendations
3.3 RESEARCH DESIGN

Descriptive research gives an account of frequency or the characteristics of some of the variables where casual research help in determined cause and effective relationship. The study seeks to find out the attitude of retailer towards CFL of Ajanta Quartz. The study also aims of future trends in CFL new innovation. Research Design is the plan structure and strategy of investigation concerned so as to obtain answer to research questions and to control variances.
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3.3.1 Research design is classified into three types

1) Exploratory Research 2) Descriptive Studies 3) Causal Designs In these three categories, the researcher have selected descriptive study method because certain group such as age, sex, education level, occupation or income, a descriptive study may be necessary.
3.4 TYPES OF DATA COLLECTION

There are two types of data collection method as follows.
3.4.1 Primary Data

Primary data are those data, which are collected for the first time defining the market opportunities. Means primary data represents the present atmosphere market attitude or taste, preference of the consumer. There are following methods as under to collect primary data. 1) Experiment Method 2) Observation Method 3) Survey Method In this survey the researcher have collected survey of the retailer from the questionnaire and while filling up the questionnaires.
3.4.2 Secondary Data

Any data that has been gathered earlier for other purpose are secondary data in the hands of the marketing researcher. In my survey the researcher has collected the secondary data from the distributors, magazines, newspapers and through websites.
3.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

For collecting the primary data Questionnaire is to be taken as research instrument. A questionnaire consist a set of questions presented to respondents for their answer. It is most common instrument use to collect primary data. Here from collecting primary data structured non-designed questionnaire is taken for research as research instrument. Sampling is a process of obtaining the information about the entire population by examining a part of it. The effectiveness of the research depends on the sample size selected for the survey purpose.
3.5.1 Sampling Unit

Sampling Unit refers to the questions who is to be surveyed? Before conducting the market survey. It is necessary to decide the target population that will be sample would cover under market survey for effective market research. So the researcher have survey the peoples of the some part of the Surat city.
3.5.2 Sample Size

It refers to the question How many people should be surveyed? The 150 retailers / wholesaler have taken interview in Surat city to acquire the desire result of research.
3.5.3 Sampling Procedure

Sampling procedure may be of two types, probability sample & non-probability sample. Probability sample is known as random sample and non-probability samples as nonrandom samples, both of these, the researcher have selected the non-probability sampling procedure because survey of total retailers is impossible due to time limit.
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3.6 SAMPLING PROCESS

Sample process is the method of getting the accurate results. The sample should be selected precise, if any wrong sample selected there will no use of the sample survey, it will be worthless. So for getting the perfect sample the procedure should be conducted in a sequential stepby-step method. The steps involved in these procedures are as follows:
3.6.1 Define the Problem

The population should be defining in the terms of elements, sampling units, extents & time i.e. ELEMENTS: - To The Study on retailer Attitude towards CFL of The Ajanta Quartz with respect to Surat city in August 2011. EXENTS: - Surat city. TIME: - August September 2011.
3.6.2 Identify the Sampling Frame

The Study on retailer Attitude towards CFL of The Ajanta Quartz with respect to Surat city in August 2011.
3.6.3 Specify the Sample Unit

Here the sampling units are the retailers who are distribute the CFL of Ajanta Quartz from retail stores.
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3.6.4 Specify the Sampling Method

It indicates how the sample units are selected. Here the researcher have selected retailer and the researcher have to do survey on the retailer.
3.6.5 Determine the Sample Size

From the pilot study of 15 respondents. There were 12 respondents positive and 03 respondents were negative. So the sample size is 150 respondents.
3.6.6 Specify the Sample Plan

It means indication of the tools use for the survey that is Questionnaire method and the decisions made so far to be implemented.
3.6.7 Select the Sample

The interviewers while conducting the respondents face most of the problems in this stage. The interviewer must be capable in communicating the respondents valuable information for the same.
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CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
Page 32
CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

1) Age : Option Below 25 years 25-35 years 35-45 years Above 45 years Total Responses 20 48 73 19 150
13.67%
13.33% Below 25 years 25-35 years 32% 35-45 years Above 45 years
48.67%
Interpretation: - From this diagram researcher may interpret that in retailing business 13.33%
are below 25 years old; 32% are between 25 to 35 years; 48.67% are between 35 to 45 year and 13.67% are above 45 years.
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2) Educational Level : Option Below Pre degree UG/Diploma PG Total Responses 38 85 27 150
18% 25.33% Below Pre degree UG/Diploma PG
56.67%
are below pre degree education; 56.67% are having UG/Diploma degree and 18% are having PG degree.
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3) Nature of the Shop : Option Mega Shop Electronics Super Store Total Responses 49 53 48 150
32%
32.67% Mega Shop Electronics Super Store
35.33%
shop are mega shop; 35.33% are electronics and 32% are super store.
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4) Since, how long you are in this business? Option Less than 5 years 6 10 years 11 15 years More than 15 years Total Responses 25 44 51 30 150
20%
16.67% <5 year 6 10 years 11 15 years 29.33% >15 year
34%
people are from less than 5 years; 29.33% people are from 6 10 years; 34% people are from 11 15 years and 20% people are from more than 15years.
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5) Which features influence you to keep this product? Option Quality Price Durability Brand Image Very Good 52 109 39 24 Good 79 35 71 43 Average 18 4 28 58 Poor 0 0 11 21 Very Poor 0 0 0 3 Total 150 150 150 150
5.1) Quality: Response (Fi) 52 79 18 0 0 Total = 150 WAM
Wi 4 3 2 1 0
Fi Wi 208 237 36 0 0 481
0% 0% 12% Very Good Good Average Poor 52.67% Very Poor
34.67%
Interpretation: - From this diagram researcher may interpret about influence of quality of
product is that 34.67% retailers strongly agree; 52.67% are agree; 12% are neutral.
5.2) Price: Response (Fi) 109 35 4 0 0 Total = 150 WAM Wi 4 3 2 1 0 Fi Wi 236 105 8 0 0 349
2.67%
0%
0%
23.33%
Very Good Good Average Poor 72.67% Very Poor
Interpretation: - From this diagram researcher may interpret about influence of price of
product is that 72.67% retailers strongly agree; 23.33% are agree; 2.67% are neutral.
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5.3) Durability: Response (Fi) 39 71 28 11 0 Total = 150 WAM Wi 4 3 2 1 0 Fi Wi 156 213 56 11 0 436
7.33% 0%
26% 18.67%
Very Good Good Average Poor Very Poor
47.33%
Interpretation: - From this diagram researcher may interpret about influence of durability of
product is that 26% retailers strongly agree; 47.33% are agree; 18.67% are neutral: 7.33% are not agree.
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5.4) Brand Image: Response (Fi) 24 43 58 21 3 Total = 150 WAM Wi 4 3 2 1 0 Fi Wi 96 129 116 21 0 362
2% 14% 16% Very Good Good Average 28.67% 38.67% Poor Very Poor
Interpretation: - From this diagram researcher may interpret about influence of brand image
of product is that 16% retailers strongly agree; 28.67% are agree; 38.67% are neutral: 14% are not agree and 2% are strongly not agree.
Page 40
6) How much quantity of CFL you sell per month? Option 200 400 Units 400 600 Units 600 800 Units More than 800 Units Total Responses 46 69 24 10 150
6.67%
16%
30.67%
200-400 400-600 600-800 >800
46%
are sell 200 400 Units per month; 46% are sell 400 600 units per month; 16% are sell 600 800 units per month and 6.67% are sell more than 800 units per month.
Page 41
7) How often you are getting the supply of product? Option Daily Once in a week Once in 15 Days Once in a Month Total Responses 6 26 33 83 150
4% 17.33% Daily once in a week 55.67% 22% once in 15 day once in a mth
Interpretation: - From this diagram researcher may interpret that in retailing business 4% are
getting daily supply from company; 17.33% are once in a week; 22% are once in a 15 days and 55.67% are once in month.
Page 42
8) Reason for selling Ajantas CFL. Option Customer Acceptance Increased profitability Greater profit margin Availability of product Very Good 52 109 39 24 Good 79 35 71 43 Average 18 4 28 58 Poor 0 0 11 21 Very Poor 0 0 0 3 Total 150 150 150 150
8.1) Customer Acceptance: Response (Fi) Wi Fi Wi 58 4 232 86 3 258 5 2 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 Total = 150 500 WAM
3.33% 0% 0%
Very Good 38.67% Good Average 57.33% Poor Very Poor
Interpretation: - From this diagram researcher may interpret about reason for selling
companys product by customer acceptance is that 38.67% retailers strongly agree; 57.33% are agree; 3.33% are neutral.
8.2) Increased profitability: Response (Fi) 79 42 26 2 1 Total = 150 WAM Wi 4 3 2 1 0 Fi Wi 316 126 52 2 0 496
1.33%
0.67%
17.33% Very Good Good Average 52.67% 28% Poor Very Poor
companys product by customer acceptance is that 38.67% retailers strongly agree; 57.33% are agree; 3.33% are neutral.
Page 44
8.3) Greater profit margin: Response (Fi) 49 50 35 9 7 Total = 150 WAM Wi 4 3 2 1 0 Fi Wi 196 150 70 9 0 425
4.67% 6% 32.67% 23.33% Very Good Good Average Poor Very Poor 33.33%
companys product by greater profit margin is that 33.67% retailers strongly agree; 33.33% are agree; 23.33% are neutral; 6% are not agree and 4.67% are strongly not agree.
Page 45
8.4) Availability of product: Response (Fi) 30 34 34 47 5 Total = 150 WAM Wi 4 3 2 1 0 Fi Wi 120 102 68 47 0 337
3.33% 20% Very Good 31.33% Good Average 22.67% Poor Very Poor 22.67%
companys product by availability of product is that 20% retailers strongly agree; 22.67% are agree; 22.67% are neutral; 31.33% are not agree and 3.3% are strongly not agree.
Page 46
9) What is the mode of payment? Option Cash Credit Total Responses 97 53 150
35.33% Cash Credit 64.67%
Interpretation: - From this diagram researcher may interpret about mode of payment that
64.67% retailers paid in cash and 35.33% are given credit for month.
Page 47
10)
What is more power saver? Responses 29 18 2 101 150
Option CFL Tube Light Blub LED Total
19.33% CFL Tubelight 12% Bulb LED 67% 1.33%
Interpretation: - From this diagram researcher may interpret that 67% retailer agree with that
LED is more power saver.
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11)
Which product has high sales? Responses 60 11 28 51 150
Option CFL Tube Light Blub LED Total
34%
40%
CFL Tubelight Bulb LED
18.67% 7.33%
Interpretation: - From this diagram researcher may interpret that 40% retailers said that CFL
has high sales; 7.33% are said that tube-light has high sales ; 18.67% are said that bulb has high sales and 34% are said that LED has high sales.
Page 49
12)
What is customers first preference when they ask for CFL? Responses 47 23 61 19 150
Option Price Quality Durability Look Total
12.67% 31.33% Price Quality Durability 40.67% 15.33% Look
Interpretation: - From this diagram researcher may interpret that 31.33% customers gives first
preference to price of CFL; 15.33% to quality of CFL; 40.67% to durability and 13.67% to look.
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13)
Customers give priority for which companys CFL? Responses 55 23 14 18 22 7 6 5 0 150
Option Ajanta Philips Orpat Surya SPL Hevels Khehtan Vipro Dharti Total
4% 4.67%
3.33% 0% Ajanta Philips Orpat 36.67%
14.67%
Surya SPL Hevels
12% 9.33% 15.33%
Khehtan Vipro Dharti
Interpretation: - From this diagram researcher interpret that 36.67% customers give priority to
Ajanta when they buy; 15.33% to Philips; 9.33% to Orpat; 12% to Surya; 14.67% to SPL; 4.67 to Hevels; 4% to Khehtan; 3.33% to Vipro.
Page 51
CHAPTER 5 FINDING & CONCLUSION
Page 52
CHAPTER 5 - FINDING & CONCLUSION

5.1 FINDING
Retailers are highly influenced by price, quality durability to keep Ajantas .CFL because Weighted Average Mean of these features is 3.67, 3.21 and 2.91 respectively. 55.67% retailers are getting supply of CFL once in a month so those retailers are not satisfied with supply. Weighted Average Mean of customers acceptance & increased profitability are 3.33 & 3.31 so retailers sell Ajantas CFL because of customers acceptance and increased profitability. 64.67% retailers are pay their payments in cash so they are not satisfy with payment method. 67% retailers accept that LED is more power saver than CFL. 31.33% customers give first preference to price and 40.67% give to durability. 36.67 customers give priority to Ajantas CFL when they are buying.
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5.2 CONCLUSION
Retailers attitude toward Ajantas CFL in Surat city is not so much good because supply of stock; payment method and availability of CFL product is not good. CFL position in Surat city is good because price & durability is high. Customers view about CFL is better than tube light & normal bulb because price, quality, durability is high. CFL has better view than LED because price of CFL is less. Ajantas CFL market in Surat is higher than other.
Page 54
CHAPTER 5 SUGGESTION
Page 55
CHAPTER 6 SUGGESTION
The companys main retailer chain member is electronics shops rather than super store and mega shop. So company has to more concentrate to the electronics shop. The retailers influence to the price to sale the Ajantas product. So, company has to more concentrate to the price offer to the retailers. Retailer reason to selling the product is increase profitability. So company gives more profitable price, offer to the retailer. From the research, we can conclude that companys 64.67% transaction is done on cash so company gives credit to retailer for increase sales. As per the research the companys all retailers are not satisfied with the incentive plan of the company. The customer gives first preference to the price, quality and durability when they ask for the CFL then look, brand image. So company try to give more concentrate on the price, quality and durability and try to cutting the cost and make a price law to attract more and more customer. Company tries to develop better brand image for more sales.
Page 56
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books:
Name Marketing Research: Research Design Business Research Method Statistical Methods Author G.C. Beri Edition Publication Tata McGraw-Hill Tata McGraw-Hill Chapter 4 Research Process Page No. 47
Donald R. Cooper & Pamela S. Schindler S P Gupta
Eighth Edition (2003)
Thirt y Fifth Revised Edition (2007)
Sultan Chand & Sons Publishers
Websites:
o www.en.wikipedia.org o www.oreva.com o www.scribd.com o www.slideshare.net o www.sebi.gov.in/dp/ajantadraft.pdf
Page 57
ANNEXURE
QUESTIONNAIRE
I, Prakash Lakhani, student of SPB College of Management (BBA), Surat, is conducting a survey A Study on Retailers attitude towards CFL of Ajanta Quartz with reference to Surat City. I will be thankful, if you give proper response to the questions. The information you share with me is only used for academic purpose. Your personal details will be kept secret.
Thank you for spending your valuable time. Prakash Lakhani
1) 2)
Name:________________________________________________________ Age : Below 25 years 35-45 years 25-35 years Above 45 years
3)
Educational Level : Below Pre degree PG UG/Diploma
4)
Nature of the Shop: Mega Shop Super Store Electronics
5)
Since, how long you are in this business? Less than 5 years 11 15 years 6 10 years More than 15 years
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6)
Rate the features which influence you to keep this product? Very Good Good Average Poor Very Poor
Quality
Price
Durability Brand Image 7) How much quantity of CFL you sell per month? 200 400 Unit 600 800 Unit 8) 400 600 Unit More than 800 Units
How often you are getting the supply of product? Daily Once in 15 Days Once in a week Once in a Month
9)
Rate the following reason for selling Ajantas CFL. Very Good Good Average Poor Very Poor
Customer Acceptance Increased profitability Greater profit margin Availability of product 10) What is the mode of payment? Cash Credit
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11)
Does the company provide any Incentive Scheme? Yes No
12)
If Yes then mention those:
________________________________________________________________ 13) What is more power saver? CFL Bulb 14) Which product has high sales? CFL Bulb 15) Tube light LED Tube light LED
What is customers first preference when they ask for CFL? Price Durability Quality Look
16)
Customers give priority for which companys CFL? Ajanta Surya Khehtan Philips SPL Vipro Orpat Hevels Dharti
17)
Retailers comment on Ajanta Quartzs CFL
________________________________________________________________________
__________THANK YOU_________

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A PROJECT REPORT ON THE STUDY ON RETAILER ATTITUDE TOWARDS CFL OF THE AJANTA QUARTZ WITH REFERENCE TO SURAL CITY

UNDERTAKEN AT AJANTA MANUFACTURING LTD. (OREVA GROUP)

SUBMITTED BY: LAKHANI PRAKASH D. (81)

GUIDED BY: MRS. DAISY SHEBY THEKKANAL

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

1.1.2 Secondary Objective

1.2 BENEFIT OF THE STUDY

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

1.3 JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT TITLE

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF MARKET POTENTIAL

o An attitude is a hypothetical construct that represents an individual's degree of

According to the Merriam Webster dictionary

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

2.1.2 What is retailing?

2.1.2.1 Why is Retailing Important?

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

2.1.2.2 The Future of Retailing

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

2.1.2.3 Types of retail outlets

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

2.2 WHAT IS CFL (COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMP)?

2.2.1 History of CFL

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

2.2.2 CFL power sources

2.2.3 Comparison with incandescent lamps

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

2.3 INTRODUCTION OF AJANTA QUARTZ 2.3.1 Introduction

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

2.3.6 OREVA Management

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

The SPB College of Business Administration

Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. [OREVA Group]

3.2.1 Formulating the Research Problem

3.2.1.1 Sampling Unit

3.2.1.2 Time and Space Boundaries

Ajanta's CFL (Research Methodology)

Ajanta's CFL (Research Methodology)