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(a)
Od(xY)
.0
no~j
s
Fig. 4. Distribution of the interference fringes weighted by a
hanning window w(x) = 1 - cos(2irx/D), where D is the range of the a'fS .' * .S..1 ,
r E
, l
1. # '. E......11
8 sin
..6 6.6i, i ': 1..
r! |
| .'1.
9.6 '6.62 533.6 599.34 666.60 733... 703.32 46.58 4 .2 I
measurement (15.3 mm). I
r "",
(b)
0 3
fV lines/mm
0.00 66.61 133.32 449.66066.64 333.30 364.66 466.62 533.26 564.44 666.10 733.26 746.62 466.56433.0464.64
(c)
one spectral sideband was selected and shifted by f0 toward Fig. 6. (a) Conventional contour fringes showing the index distri-
the origin, and its inverse Fourier transform was computed bution around the heat source; (b) discontinuous phase distribution
obtained by measurement over a range of the line segment marked
again by the FFT algorithm to obtain c(x, y) in Eq. (4). The byH in (a); (c) corrected continuous-phase distributions representing
complex logarithm of c(x, y) was then computed; the dis- a complete profile of the phase value over the range marked by l-4 in
continuous phase distribution Od(X, y) obtained from the (a).
Takedaet al. Vol. 72, No. 1/January 1982/J. Opt. Soc. Am. 159
CONCLUSION
(V
A Fourier-transform method of computer-based fringe-pat-
V
tern analysis has been proposed and verified by experiments.
The method has the sensitivity for detecting phase variations
tb) of less than 27rand can be applied to subwavelength inter-
Fig. 7. (a) Contour fringes showing the residual aberration of the ferometry without a fringe-scanning process. The accuracy
interferometer; (b) phase distribution (less than 27r) measured over has been improved by the complete separation of the phase
a range of the line segment marked by [ in (a).
from other unwanted irradiance variations. By use of this
method, clear distinction can be made between elevation and
depression, even from a single fringe pattern. When the
method is applied to topography, it permits fully automatic
measurement without man-machine communication, as is
needed for the fringe-order assignment in computer-aided
moir6 topography; further, because only one selected spectrum
is used, the method has the additional merit that the mea-
TY/15 (X/30) surement is not disturbed by higher-order harmonics, which
are included in a nonsinusoidal grating pattern and give rise
to spurious moire fringes in the case of moire topography.
The authors thank T. Yatagai of the Institute of Physical
and Chemical Research for helpful discussions and H. Sato
and T. Mimaki of the University of Electrocommunications
so
for their interest and encouragement.
X
y~ .;
o .00 66.96
... .. ." .......
3i3.3219.99 269.64 333.30 399.i6 996.62 333.23599.99 666.60 733.26 799.92 996.56 933.24 993.60
... .. * Present address, Optical Products Development Division,
Fig. 8. Effect of noise on the fluctuation of the measured phase Canon Inc., 53, Imaikamicho, Nakahara, Kawasaki, Kana-
distribution. gawa, 211, Japan.
9,1467-1472 (1970). Although these papers describe methods that 3. In all figures, the variation in the y direction is not illustrated be-
use a shadow of a grating, our proposed method applies to a pro- cause it is not necessary for the explanation of the principle.
jected grating image as in projection-type moir6 topography; for 4. The superscript x denotes that f0 x(x, y) is an offset phase for
a discussion of projection-type moir6 topography, see, for example, correcting discontinuities in the x direction along a line for which
M. Idesawa, T. Yatagai, and T. Soma, "Scanning moire method y is fixed; the same is denoted by the superscript y for the y di-
and automatic measurement of 3-D shape," Appl. Opt. 16, rection. The offset phase without a superscript means that
2152-2162 (1977). discontinuities can be corrected by it in both x and y directions.
2. See, for example, J. H. Bruning, "Fringe scanning interferometers," 5. In all figures, note only the scales indicated by large letters and
in Optical Shop Testing, D. Malacara, ed. (Wiley, New York, ignore the fine letters and scales on the axes drawn by the graphic
1978), pp. 409-437. plotter subroutine.