Grade 9 Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles

Two congruent figures have equal areas, but the converse is not true. For example:

Here, both rectangles have an equal area but they are not congruent. If a figure is formed by two non-overlapping regions A and B, then the area of the figure is = Area (A) + Area (B).

Two figures lie on the same base and between the same parallels if they have a common base and if the opposite vertex (or side) lies on a line parallel to the base. For example:

In the first figure, parallelograms ABCE and ABDF lie on the same base AB and between the same parallels AB and CF. In the second figure, parallelogram ABCE and triangle ABD lie on the same base but they do not lie between the same parallels. Parallelograms on the same (or equal) base and between the same parallels are equal in area. Its converse is also true i.e., parallelograms on the same base and having equal areas lie between the same parallels. The area of a parallelogram is the product of its base and the corresponding height.

 If a parallelogram and a triangle lie on the same (or equal) base and between the same parallels, then the area of the triangle is half the area of the parallelogram. Area of triangle =
1 Area of parallelogram 2 1 base height 2

Thus, the area of a triangle is half the product of its base and the corresponding height. If a parallelogram and a triangle lie on the same base and the area of the triangle is half the area of the parallelogram, then the triangle and the parallelogram lie between the same parallels. Triangles on the same base (or equal base) and between the same parallels are equal in area. Its converse is also true. i.e., Triangles having the same base and equal areas lie between the same parallels. The median of a triangle divides it into two congruent triangles. Thus, a median of a triangle divides it into two triangles of equal area.
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