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prob

units sold
0.03
0.07
0.15
0.5
0.15
0.07
0.03
1

0
40,000
60,000
110,000
160,000
180,000
220,000

sales
0
80000
120000
220000
320000
360000
440000

FC=$20,000; V
operating costs
20000
80000
110000
185000
260000
290000
350000

FC=$20,000; VC=$1.50 per unit


EBIT
NI (T=40%)
ROE
-20000
-12000
0
0
10000
6000
35000
21000
60000
36000
70000
42000
90000
54000
245000
147000

FC=$60,0
costs
-6.9
0.0
3.4
12.0
20.6
24.0
30.9

60000
100000
120000
170000
220000
240000
280000

FC=$60,000; VC=$1.00
EBIT
NI
ROE
A
-60000
-36000
-20.6
-20000
-12000
-6.9
0
0
0.0
50000
30000
17.1
100000
60000
34.3
120000
72000
41.1
160000
96000
54.9
Mean=

ExpROE
-0.2
0.0
0.5
6.0
3.1
1.7
0.9
12

Financ
Expected EBIT
Interest
Etaxable Income
Net income
Expected ROE

ExpROE
B

A
-0.6
-0.5
0.0
8.6
5.1
2.9
1.6
17

Risk=

dev^2*prob
B
10.7
10.1
11.0
0.0
11.0
10.1
10.7
63.5
8.0

Financial Leverage
New Leverage 50%

43
40
44
0
44
40
43
254
16

All Equity (old)


$35,000
$8,750
$26,250
15750
0.18

$35,000
0
$35,000
21000
0.12

exp(EBIT)
-600
0
1500
17500
9000
4900
2700
35000

Taxable income NI
-28750
-8750
1250
26250
51250
61250
81250

-17250
-5250
750
15750
30750
36750
48750

debt=10%$87,500 Debt:equ
ROE(levered) ExpROE
-20
-1
-6
0
1
0
18
9
35
5
42
3
56
2
Mean=
18
Risk(ROE) levered=

10%$87,500 Debt:equity=1:1, Int=$8750


Dev square*probTaxable income NI
43
-68750
40
-28750
44
-8750
0
41250
44
91250
40
111250
43
151250
254
16

-41250
-17250
-5250
24750
54750
66750
90750

ROE (levered)
-47.1
-19.7
-6.0
28.3
62.6
76.3
103.7
Mean=
(ROE) levered

ExpROE

(ROE) levered

-1
-1
-1
14
9
5
3
28

dev square*prob
169
159
173
0
179
163
172
1017
32

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