“RESTRICTED FORbSCEE (2) (4) constant velocity + no net force. gen The weight of the raindrop, pointing downwards is 4 Balaneed by the air resistance(drag force)y pointing upwards. (Should mention either direction.) 5 (44) When a ping pong ball collides with the wall, the Velocity/direction of the ball changes. * * A net force must have been present while during collision, whose direction is perpendicalar/normal to and away from the wall. $441 the cause of the net force is due to the reaction 5 on the ball by the wall (or due to deformation of the ball during collision). 1 (iii) The satellite remains above the same point on the earth, so it must be moving in a circular orbit. by {es velocity/direction is therefore changing and & it is accelerating towards the earth so a net force is present. 4 the origin of the net force is the gravitational attraction between the satellite and the earth, » 4 which directs towards the centre of the earth. 58 (b) SMM: there exists between the two extreme ends an : Zguilibrium position at which the net force acting on object is zero. a Bouncing ball ; no equilibrium position between the two extrene ends and net force is acting. a 2 ANY SEM : the force on the object is always directed TWO towards the equilibrium position. a Bouncing ball : the force on the ball is directed towards fhe centre of the earth except at the moment of rebound. = 2 SHY :"the force on the ebject is proportional to the ; displacement Zrom the equilibrium position. 1 oot Bouncing ball : the force on the ball is constant except =~ pe at the moment of rebound. a4 (ec) (4) Gravitational force on the planet = centripetal force (ay CH,a mvt | = Gravitational constant = mass of the sun = mass of the planet = orbital speed of the planet where G sam Lee. 4 on, GH, pe She (ie Ke Se a | aa? i Pooxsts iat is not valid for the satellite = circling round the earth since the equation is only [ié Valid for objects moving round the aun as the Constant X depends on the mass of the sun. eid(b) (e) RESTRICTED PUBhxci+ An ideal gas is one = in which collisions are the only interactions between molecules, and between molecules and the walls of the container; (or molecules move freely without intermolecular forces) - for which the molecules have insignificant volumes, ive. they are effectively points in the space; - in which all collisions are perfectly elastic. (ii) A gas molecule on colliding with a container wall suffers a change of momentum and hence-must.be acted ‘on by a force. By Newton's third law of motion, the container wall must have had a force exerted on it by tha molecule, hence pressure. (ii) Temperature is associated with the average kinetic Cenergy of the molecules in the gas. If the gas is compressed, the wall will be moving inward, a molecule collides with the wall would therefore rebound with an increased speed, and, _hence the gas temperature would rise because the or (If the gas is compressed, the wall will be moving Marks t | 1 “average kinetic energy of the molecules has increased. ' {nward, gork is doneon the gas and hence the gas temperature would rise because the average kinetic 2 cules has increased.) Pa At high pressures, the molecules become(closer. ~ 1% So the actual volume of the molecules becomes nore {important compared with the measured volume occupied by che gas. 8 (the available voliime in which, the molecules can move ia less than the measuzed volune~ At low temperatures, the molecules move more siowly than they do at higher temperatures (or molecular kinetic en lower than that at high temperatures). The weak attractive forces between the molecules become more significant (or interaction time between molecules become longer). ythe impact/pressure would be reduced by the weak attractive: forces on any molecules moving towards the container walls. roy (4) In words : The amount of thermal energy transferred into.a system equals the change/increase in the internal energy of that system plus the work done by the system. (ii) With the system defined as the gas inside the Cylinder, AW is positive (i.e. -AW is negative) since work is done by the system to raise the weight. twee! ‘The internal energy then decreasds (AU is negative) as (-An) is negative and Ag is zero. Heat is conducted into the gas through the cylinder, so AQ is positive,~ ‘The overall change in internal energy, AU, is determined by combining AQ and (-SW). Since Ag is positive and (-dW) is negative, AU may be positive, negative or zero. ae ys 1RESTRICTED Pasb