67655-NilssonSM Ch10

------10
Assessment Problems
AP 10.1 [a] V = 100/ - 45° V, Therefore P = 2(100)(20)cos[-45
1
Sinusoidal Steady State Power Calculations
1= 20D5° A - (15)] = 500W, B

-+
-+
Q = 1000sin -60°
[b] V
-866.03 VAR,
100/ - 45°,
= 20/165°
B
-+
P = 1000cos(-2100) = -866.03W,
Q = 1000sin (-210°)
[c) V = 100/ - 45°,
500 VAR,
A -+ B
1= 20/ - 105° A
-+
P = 1000cos(600) = 500W,
B A
-+
Q = 1000sin(600)
[dJ V = 100/0°, P
866.03 VAR,
I = 20/120° W, B
-+
= 1000cos(-120°) = -500
=
A B
-+
Q = 1000sin(-1200)
AP 10.2 pf
-866.03 VAR,
= cos(fJv
fJi)
= cos[15 -
(75)] = cos(-60°) = 0.5 leading
10-1
10-2 AP 10.3
CHAPTER 10. Sinusoidal Steady State Power Calculations
From Ex. 9.4 1 - Ip - 0.18 A

eff -
J3 - v'3
AP 10.4 [a] Z = (39 + j26)11(-j52) Therefore 1£ = 48

-J
= 48 250Loo ·20 -
j20
= 52L -
22.62° 0
+1+J
. '4 = 4.85118.08°A(rms)
=
VL = ZI£ = (52L - 22.62°)(4.85L18.08°)
252.20L - 4.54° V(rms)
IL
[b] SL
V 39 +~26
5.38/- 38.23° A(rms)
= V LI';, =
=
(252.20/- 4.54°)(5.38L + 38.23°) = 1357L33.69°
(1129.09 + j752.73) VA
QL
PL = 1129.09W;
752.73 VAR Q£ = 11£12- 94.09 VAR 4
[c] P£ = 11£121 (4.85)2.1 = 23.52 W; =
[d] Sg( delivering) = 2501; = (1152.62 - j376.36) VA Therefore the source is delivering 1152.62Wand absorbing 376.36 magnetizing VAR. [eJ Q cap = IVLI = (252.20)2 = -1223.18 VAR -52 -52 Therefore the capacitor is delivering 1223.18 magnetizing VAR. Check: 94.09 + 752.73 + 376.36 = 1223.18 VAR and 1129.09 + 23.52 = 1152.62W AP 10.5 Series circuit derivation: S:= 2501* = (40,000 - j30,000) Therefore 1* = 160 - j120 = 200L - 36.87° A(rms)
2
1= 200/36.87° A(rms)
Z=V=
250 200/36.87°
R = 1 0,
1.25/- 36.87° = (1Xc = -0.750
'0.75) 0
Therefore
Problems
Parallel circuit derivation p = (250)2.
10-3
R
Q
AP 10.6
= (250)2.
'
'
therefore
(250)2 40000
1.56250
Xc
therefore
(250)2 -30,000
-2.0830
81= 15,000(0.6)
+ j15,000(0.8) = 9000 + j12,000VA
82 = 6000(0.8) - j6000(0.6) = 4800 - j3600 VA

8T
= 81 + 82 =
13,800
+ j8400
VA
8T = 200I*; VB = 200
therefore
= 200
I* = 69
+ j42
1= 69 - j42A
= 251.64L15.91° V(rms)
+ jI
+ j69 + 42 = 242 + j69
AP 10.7 fa] The phasor domain equivalent circuit and the Thevenin equivalent are shown below: Phasor domain equivalent circuit:
j180 a 200 -j400~ 40
Thevenin equivalent:
200 jl00
~ 47.43L:_18.43°V
1'-V
Th
•
=
3 - j800
20 _ j40
48 -
'24 = 53.67L - 26.57° V
ZTh
= 4 + j18
+ 2~ ~~~o = 20 + jlO = 22.36L26.57° n

ZL = (20 - jlO)
For maximum power transfer,
10-4
CHAPTER 10. Sinusoidal Steady State Power Calculations [b] I = 53.67/- 26.57° = 1 34L - 26 57° A 40 . .
Therefore P
=
1.34)2
J2
20 = 17.96W
[cJ RL
IZThl
22.36 n
[d] I = 53.67L - 26.57° = 1.23/- 39.8"':0 A 42.36 + j10 L 0

Therefore AP 10.8
123)2 P = ( .~
340
(22.36) = 17W
j500
1000
Mesh current equations:
660 = (34 + j50)ll
+ j100(11 -
12) + j4011 + j40(11 - 12)
o = jl00(I2
Solving,
- Ir) - j4011 + 10012
P = ~(3.5)2(100) = 612.50W
AP 10.9 [a]
j4000 j5000 ~ j10000
••
~ 3150 ~
1 2
4000
248 = j40011 - j50012 + 375(11 - 12)
o = 375(12 Solving,
11) + j100012 - j50011
+ 40012
11 = 0.80 - jO.62 A;
12 = 0.4 - jO.3 = 0.5L - 36.87°
P = ~(0.25)(400) = 50W
Problems
10-5
[bJ II - h = 004 - jO.32 A

1 P375 = "2111
1212 (375) = 49.20 W
[cJ Pg = ~(248)(0.8) = 99.20W
L Pabs
50 + 49.2 = 99.20 W
(checks)
AP 10.10 [a] VTh = 210Vi V2 = iVl; Short circuit equations: 840 = 8011- 2012+ VI 0== 20(12 - II) - V2 .'. 12= 14Ai
RTh=
210 14 =150
210)2 [b] Pmax = ( 30 15 = 735W AP 10.11 [a] VTh = -4(146~) = -58410° V(rms)
Short circuit equations: 14610° = 8011 - 2012 + VI
o = 20(12
- 11) - V2
RTh
.'. 12 = -146/365 = -OAOA; -584)2 [b] P = ( 2920 1460 = 58.4{)W
-584 -0- = 14600

-.4
10-6
Problems
P 10.1 P = P + Pcos2wt
dl!_ = 0 dt - Qsin2wt; dp dt
= - 2wP sin 2wt

or
- 2wQ cos 2wt
when
- 2wP sin 2wt = 2wQ cos 2wt
tan2wt = - Q P
-Q
cos2wt = JP2
+ Q2;
sin2wt = - JP2~
Q2
Let () = tan "! (-Q/ P), then P is maximum when 2wt = ()and P is minimum when 2wt = (() 1l} +
Th
. ere £ore
Pmax -
-p
+ . J p2 + Q2
J P2 +Q2
P - Q.
.p
J p2 + Q2
Q
Q( -Q)
-P -
+V
. /p2
Q2
and
P 10.2
Pmin
1
=P
- p.
J P2 +Q2 = P
J p2 + Q2
(abs)
[a] P = 2(340)(20) cos(60 - 15) = 3400cos 45° = 2404.16 W Q = 3400 sin 45° = 2404.16 VAR [b] P = 2(16)(75)cos(-15
1
(abs)
=
- 60) = 600cos(~75°) -579.56 VAR (del)
155.29W
(abs)
Q = 600sin(-75°)
[c] P
=
2(625)(4)cos(40 -150) = 1250cos(-1l00) = -427.53W (del)
(del)
Q = 1250sin(-llOO) = -1174.62VAR
1 [d] P= 2"(180)(10)cos(130-20) Q = 900sin(llOO)
=900cos(llOO) = -307.82W (abs)
(del)
= 845.72 VAR
Problems P 10.3 [a] coffee maker = 1200W television = 145W EP=2738W Therefore
leff = 120
1(}-7
radio = 71 W portable heater = 1322W
2738
= 22.82A
leff
Yes, the breaker will trip.

[b]
LP
= 2738 - 1200 = 1538 W;
= 120
1538
12.82 A
Yes, the breaker will not trip if the current is reduced to 12.82A.
P lOA
r, = 30LoomA;
1 106 jWC - j(25 x 103)(40) = -j1 0
jwL = j(25 x 103)(40) x 10-6 = j1 0

20 50
~ -jl0
jl0
Z1 = -j111(5
+ j1) = 0.2 -
j1 0
Zeq = 2 + ZI = 2.2 - j1 0
P 10.5
we
109 = (5000)(80) = 25000
z
f
= - j2500(7500) = 750 - '22500

7500 _ j2500
J
Zi = 15000 . '. Zf = 750 - j2250 = 0.5 _ '1.5 Zi 1500 J
10-8
CHAPTER 10. Sinusoidal Steady State Power Calculations V, = (-0.5 + j1.5)(4) = -2 + j6 = 6.32L108.43° V
p=
!V~ = !(4)(10)
2R 21000
= 20
x 10-3 = 20mW
P 10.6 jwL = jl0,000(10-3)
= jl0
n;
1 10 = -j40n jwC = jl0,000(2.5)
200
V [_1_
o
-.i40
1 + jO.25] = 15 20 + jlO
V, = 300 - jl00V I~ = Vo = 2.5 + j7.5A -j40 10 = 15Loo - I~ = 15 - 2.5 - j7.5 = 12.5 - j7.5 = 14.58L - 30.9° A
P 10.7
fa] line loss line loss
= 50,000 =
IIgl220
40,000 = lOkW .'.

200
IIgl2= 500
-jX#,"O
2S00~O~
V (rms)
IIgl = V500A IIgl2 = 40,000 RL

.. RL = 80n
Problems .'. XL = 600
10-9
Thus,
20Q 25 0Of!!_ ~I-0
V (rma)
-jXj'Q
80Q
__ "--""'Nv---'
j 60Q
IZI = J(100)2
+ (60 -
XC)2 2
Ilgl =
2500 JlO,OOO+ (60 - Xl)2
.'. 10,000 + (60 - Xc) Solving, Thus, [b] If x, = 100: I9-
625 X 104 500 = 12,500
(60 ~ Xl) = ±50.
x, = 10 0
or
X,
= 1100
2500 - 20 - ·10A 100 + j50 J
Sg = -25001; = -50 - j25kVA
Thus, the voltage source is delivering 50 KW and 25 magnetizing Kvars.

Q-jlO
= IIgl2 = 500( -10) Xl
-5000 VAR
Therefore the line reactance is generating 5 magnetizing kvars.

Qj60
= IIgl2XL = 500(60) = 30,000VAR
Therefore the load reactance is absorbing 30 magnetizing kvars. LQgen = 25,000kVAR = LQabs
If Xc = 1100:
I9-
2500 - 20 ·10A 100- j50 +J
Sg
= -25001; = -50+j25kVA
Thus, the voltage source is delivering 50 kW and absorbing 25 magnetizing kvars.

Q-jll0
IlgI2(-110) = 500(-110) = -55kVAR
Therefore the line reactance is generating 55 magnetizing kvars. The load continues to absorb 30 magnetizing kvars. LQgen = 55kVAR = LQabs
10-10 P 10.8
CHAPTER 10. Sinusoidal Steady State Power Calculations raj P = ~ (90)2 = 3W 21350 _ ~ (90)2 _ 4 Q - 2 (1012.5) - VAR
Pmax
= P +/p2
+ Q2 = 3 + /(3)2 + (4)2 = 8W(del)
[b]
Pmin
= 3-
5 = -2W(abs) from (a)
[c] P
= 4W
[d] Q = 4 VAR from (a) (e] absorb, because Q > 0
[f] pf
= cos(Ov
- Oi)
=
1= 1~~0 + j1~~2.5 = 0.0667 - jO.08889

.'. pf = cos(O + 53.13°) = 0.6 lagging
111.11/ - 53.13° rnA
[gJ rf
P 10.9
sin(53.13°) = 0.8
[a] From the solution to Problem 9.56 we have:
V, = 72 + j96 = 120L53.13° V Sg = -~VoI; = -~(72
+ j96)(15)
-540 - j720VA
Therefore, the independent current source is delivering 540 Wand 720 magnetizing vars.
II =
~o
15/53.13° A
2
Pgo = 2"(15) (8) = 900W Therefore, the 8 n resistor is absorbing 900 W. I~ = -~~O = -9.6
+ j7.2
12/143.13° A
Problems
10-11
c.; = ~(12)2(-10)
Therefore, the - jlO 2.51A.= -24
2-
= -720VAR
n capacitor
72 + j96
is delivering 720 magnetizing vars.
+ j18
-
V j5
1 _ Vo - 2.51A.
.i5
+ 24 -
j18
= 15.6 Qj5
j19.2A
24.72/-
50.91° A
11 "2121 2 (5) = 1530VAR

n inductor
is absorbing 1530 magnetizing vars.
Therefore, the j5
82.5160 = ~(2.51A.)I~=
H -24
+ j18)(15.6 + jI9.2)
= -360 - j90VA
Thus the dependent source is delivering 360 Wand 90 magnetizing vars, (b) (c]
L P = 360 + 540 = 900W = L Pabs

gen
Qgen
720 + 90 + 720 = 1530VAR
= L o.:
-j200
P 10.101 [a] From the solution to Problem 9.57 we have

200
l J'50)t \ . OJ
90v
:tb
la = 2.25 - j2.25A;
860V = -~(60)1:
Ib = -6.75
+ jO.75A;
10 = 9 - j3A
j67.5 VA
= -30(2.25 + j2.25) = -67.5 -
Thus, the 60 V source is developing 67.5 Wand 67.5 magnetizing vars.

S90V
-~(j90)1~ = -j45(-6.75 -33.75
- jO.75)
+ j303.75
VA
Thus, the 90 V source is delivering 33.75 W and absorbing 303.75 magnetizing vars.
1 P20n = "2llal 2 (20) = 101.25W
10-12
CHAPTER 10. Sinusoidal Steady State Power Calculations Thus the 20 n resistor is absorbing 101.25 W.
Q-j20n =
11 "2Ibl
(-20) = -461.25 VAR capacitor is developing 461.25 magnetizing vars.
Thus the -j20n
Qj5n = ~IIoI2(5) = 225VAR
Thus the j5 n inductor is absorbing 225 magnetizing vars. [b]
L Pdev = 67.5 + 33.75 = 101.25 W = L Pabs

= 67.5+461.25
=
[c] LQdev
= 528.75VAR
L Qabs
225 + 303.75 = 528.75 VAR = L Qdev
2 Vdle = T
11
to T
to
+ v2dt S
P 10.12 raj
Jeff
= 60/110
rv
0.545 A;
[b] Jeff = (60 + 80)/110
rv
1.273A
P 10.13 [a] Area under one cycle of A = (400)(4)(20

=
X
v;:
X
10-6) + 10,000(2)(20
10-6)
21,600(20
10-6)
Mean value of M.V.
v;:
=
21,600(20 X 10120 X 10-6
6 )
120 X 10-6
= =
= 3600
.'. Vrms
[b] P =
-
vI3600 = 60V(rms)
3600 = 300 W 12
v;.;ns
R
Problems
10-13
30 P 10.14 i(t) = 40 x 103t = 750t i(t) = M - ~~ x 103t

i(t)
0::; t ::;40ms 40 ms ::; t ::;50 ms
= 0 when t = 50ms
.'. M = 3000(50 x 10-3) i(t) = 150 - 3000t

.'. frms =
= 150
05
40ms::; t::; 50ms

O
1000 r W { 1o .
04
(750)2t2 dt
rO. + 10.04 (150 -
3000t)2 dt
i .°
O.04
(750)2t2 dt = (750)23
t31°'04
= 12
0.05
0.04
22,500dt = 225
.'. frms =V20{12 P 10.15 P = 12 R rIDS P 10.16 .'.
+ (225 R = 24
405 + 183)} = V300 = 17.32 A 300

X
10 = 80 n
r, = 30LOornA
jwL = j(100)(10)
= jlOOOn;
1 jWC
j(100)(2) = -)5000n
4kO
106
3010° rnA
jlkO
I = 30~(j1000) = 3 7r:vi:2L135° A o 4000 _ j4000 .0 _,_m
10-14

p = IIol;ms(4000)= (3.75)2(4000) = 56.25mW
8 = P + jQ = 56.25 - j70.3125 mVA
181 = 90.044mVA
1 106 P 10.17 [a] = -. - = -jl0n jWC JI05 jwL = j105(50 x 10-6) = j5
n
50
50
Lsi
V (rme )
F
5+ J5
-j 10 0 I
g
i l- -----4..-___.,'Y"Y"'y_ "-.::::) _.j._I- ---,
~l§_O
7.50
Z = -jl0
+ (5)(j~) + 7.5 = 10 -
j7.5
Ig =
50LO° . = 3.2 + J2.4A 10 - j7.5
8g = -!VgI; = -25(3.2 - j2.4) = -SO + j60VA 2
P = SOW(abs);
Q = 60VAR(del)
181 = 18 1 = 100VA
g
[b] 11 = Ig(j5) = !(3.2 + j2.4) (1 + j1) = 0.4 + j2.S A

5+j5 2 1 P5f.l = 211112 (5) = 20W P7.5f.l = ~llgI2(7.5) = 60W
Pdiss
20 + 60 = SOW
= L Pdev
Problems
[c]
10-15
Ij5
Ig5 5 + j5
1 2(3.2
+ j2.4)
(1 - jl) = 2.8 - jO.4A
11 Qj5n = 21j51 2 (5) = 20VAR(abs) Q-jlOn = ~llgI2(-10)

= -80VAR(dev)
L Qabs = 20 + 60 = 80 VAR = L o.;

P 10.18 [a] 500 800
340&:
V (r ms )
j600
Va -j100 .'.
Vo-340 50
+ 80+j60
Va
=0
Va = 238 - j34 V 8 2530+ j34 = 2.04
r, = 340 -
+ jO.68
8g = VgI; = (340)(2.04 - jO.68)

= 693.6 - j231.2 VA
[b] Source is delivering 693.6 W. [c] Source is absorbing 231.2 magnetizing [d] 11 = -~~O
= 0.34
VAR.
+ j2.38A
81 = Vol;' = (238 - j34) (0.34 - j2.38)

= 0-j578VA
2 = 80
Va 238 - j34 = 1.7 - '1. 7 A + J'60 - 80 + .7·60 J
82 = Vol; = (238 - j34) (1.7

= 462.4
+ j1.7)
+ j346.8
VA
8500.= IlgI2(50) + jO = (2.15)2(50) = 231.2 W
10-16
CHAPTER
10. Sinusoidal Steady State Power Calculations
[e]
LP = 693.6W
del
L P = 462.4 + 231.2 = 693.6 W :. L Pdel = LPdiss = 693.6 W

diss
[fJ
L os; = 231.2 + 346.8 = 578 VAR L os; = 578 VAR

:. L
mag VAR dev =
L mag
VAR abs
= 578
P 10.19 [a] Let VL = vmLoo:
ro
+• 0 24DL§
j8Q
V (rms)
SL = 250(0.6 1* _ 150
eTT
+ jO.8)
.200.
TT
= 150
+ j200 VA
Vrn
+)
Vm
150 .200) . 24010 = Vm + ( Vm -) Vm (1 + )8) 240VmLO
= V~ + (150 +
j200)(1
+ j8) = V~ + 1750 + j1000
240Vm cos
e = V~ + 1750;
1750)2
240Vm sin 0 = 1000
(240)2V~ = (V~ 57,600V~ = V~ or
+ 10002
106
+ 3500V~ + (3.0625 + 1) x + 4,062,500 = 0
V~ - 54,100V~
Solving,
V~ = 27,050 ± 26,974.8;
If Vm = 232.43 V: . 1000 smO = (232.43)(240) If Vm = 8.67 V: 1000 sin 0 = (8.67)(240) = 0.4805;
Vm = 232.43 V and Vm = 8.67 V
= 0.0179;
..
0 = 1.03°
0=28.72°
Problems
10-17
[b]
(R=lQ) (X=8Q)
.52,800 ( ) . A P 10.2018T = 52,800 - J 0.8 0.6 = 52,800 - J39,600 V 81 = 40,000(0.96 + jO.28) = 38,400 + jll,200 VA
82 = 8T - 81 = 14,400 - j50,800 = 52,801.52L- 74.17°VA

rf =sin(-74.1r)
- -0.9621
pf = cos(-74.17°) = 0.2727 leading P 10.21 [aJ Zl = 12 + j(21l") (60)(15 x 10-3) = 13.27L25.23° pf = cos(25.23°) = 0.9 lagging
rf = sin(25.23°) = 0.43
Z2 = 80 - 21l"(60)(1~ 10-6) = 184.08L- 64.24° n x pf = cos(-64.24°) = 0.43 leading

rf = sin( -64.24°) = -0.9 Z3 = 400+Zp Z = jwL(lfjwC) p jwL + IfjwC _ jwL
1- w2LC
10-18

j(1201l") (20) . - 1 - (12011")2(20)(5 X 1O~6) = -)570;67 n
Z3 = 400 - j570.67 = 696.90L - 54.97° n pf = cos(-54.97°) = 0.57 leading

rf = sine-54.97°) = -0.82
[b) Y = Yi + 1'2 + 13
y; _
1-
1 . 13.27L25.230 ' j26.05 mS
1'2-
1 . - 184.08L - 64.24° '
13 =
1
696.90L - 54.970
= 71.35 -
Z=~ Y
= 13.16L20.06° n
pf = cos(20.06°) = 0.94 lagging rf = sin(20.06°) = 0.343 P 10.22 raj 81 = 18 + j24kVA; 82 = 36 - j48kVA; 83 = 18+jOkVA
24001* = (72 ~ j24) x 103;

Z [b] pf
: . I = 30 + j 10A
75.89L - 18.43°n
= 302!0~1O= 72 - j24n =
= cos(-18.43°) = 0.9487 leading
P 10.23 [aJ From the solution to Problem 10.22 we have

IL
.
= 30 + jl0A(rms)
V, = 2400Loo =
+ (30 + jlO)(0.2 + j1.6)
= 2390 + j50
2~l90.52L1.20° (rms) V
[b]
IlL I = v'lo6O
Pe = (1000)(0.2) = 200W Qe = (1000)(1.6) = 1600VAR
Qs = -24,000 + 1600
[cJ r, = 72,000 + 200 = 72.2kW

[d]
'I]
= -22.4kVAR
72 72.2 (100) = 99.72%
Problems
10-19
P 10.24
jl00
+
2400l!°
v(rms}
2400li
= 24,000 + j18,000
.'. 11 = 10 - j7.5A(rms)
Ii = 10 + j7.5;
24001; = 48,000 - j30,000
I; = 20 13 =
j12.5;
.'.
.
12 = 20 + j12.5A(rms)
2400Loo
60-
= 40 +
)0 A;
Vg
2400 + (70)(j10)
= 2400 + j700
= 2500L16.26°
V(rms)
P 10.25 [a] 81 = 24,960+ j47,040VA
= IVLI
Z2
(480)2 = 23 040 - ·23 040 VA 5 + j5 ' ),
81+ 82 = 48,000 + j24,000 VA 4801~ = 48,000 + j24,000;

Vg
h = 100 - j50A(rms)
= VL
+ h(0.02 + jO.20) = 480 + (100 - j50) (0.02 + jO.20) 492.37[2.210Vrms
= 492 + j19 =
IVgl
= 492.37Vrms
1 1
[b] T
7 = 60 = 16.67ms
t=
2.210 t _--3600 16.67 ms'
102.39 itS
1D-20
CHAPTER

JLS
[c] VL lags Vg by 2.21° or 102.31
P 10.26 [a)
125b_o
(J:ms)
+ 50b_o (ms)
0.050
II = 5000 - j2000 = 40 - j16A 125
(rms)
I = 3750 - j1500 = 30 - )·12 A (rms) 2 125 I 3= 8000 + jO = 32 250 .'. Ig1 = 72 - j16A
+) ·0 A (rms )
(rms) (rms)
In = 11 - 12 = 10 - j4A Ig2 = 62 - j12A Vg1 = 0.051g1 + 125 Vg2

Sgl Sg2
-0.14In
+ jO + O.141n = 130 - j1.36 V(rms) + 125 + jO + 0.051g2 = 126.7 - jO.04 V(rms) + j16)J = [9381.76 + j1982.08] VA jO.04) (62 + j12)] = [7855.88 + j1517.92J VA
VAR to
= [(130 - j1.36) (72
[(126.7 -
Note: Both sources are delivering average power and magnetizing the circuit. [b] PO.05 = IlgI12(0.05) = 272W IlnI2(0.14) = 16.24 W
PO.15
PO.05
= Ilg212(0.05) = 199.4 W
L Pdis = 272 + 16.24 + 199.4 + 5000 + 3750 + 8000 = 17,237.64 W
Problems
1(}-21
LP L
P 10.27' [a]
dev
= 9381.76 + 7855.88 = 17,237.64W = L Pdis

= =
L Qabs
Qdel
2000 + 1500 = 3500VAR 1982.08 + 1517.92 = 3500VAR =
L Qabs
120
j4S0
1201~= 1800 + j600; 1201; = 1200 - j900;

13 = 12
Ig1
11 = 15 - j5A(rms)
12 = 10 + j7.5A(rms)
240
+ j48
240
. 20 - J5A(rms) jlOA
= 11
+ 13 = 35 -
8g1 = 120(35 + jlO) = 4200 + j1200 VA
Thus the Vgl source is delivering 4200 Wand 1200 magnetizing vars.
Ig2 = 12 + 13 = 30 + j2.5A(rms) 8g2 = 120(30 - j2.5) = 3600 - j300 VA
[b]
LP
Thus the V g2 source is delivering 3600 Wand absorbing 300 magnetizing vars.
gen
4200 + 3600 = 7800W
L Pabs = 1800 + 1200 + (240)2 = 7800W = L Pgen 12 L Qdel

=
1200 + 900 = 2100VAR

Qdel
L Qabs = 300 + 600 + (240)2 = 2100VAR = L 48
10-22
P 10.28 81
= 1200 +
1196 + 516 + jO = 2912 + jO VA
11 = 120 + jO = 24.27 + JOA
2912
8:1 = 600+ 279 +88 + 512 + jO = 1479 + jOVA

12 = 1:;;
+ jO = 12.33 + JOA
83 = 4474 + 12,200 + jO = 16,674 + jOVA .'. I = 16,674 ·0 = 69 48 ·OA 3 240 + J . +J

Ig1
= 11
+ 13
= 93.75 + JOA
Ig2 = 12 + 13 = 81.81 + JOA
Breakers will not trip since both feeder currents are less than 100 A.
P 10.29
10 j80
vs
2500LQoV
250kVA 0.96 lag
I L = 240,000 - j70,000 = 96 -J °28A( rms ) 2500
If:= 96 - j28 + [lc = 96 + j(Ic - 28) VB
= 2500 +
=
(1 + j8)[96 + j(Ic -,. 28)]
(2820 - 8Ic) + j(740 + Ie)
IVsj2 = (2820 - 8Ic? + (740 + Ic)2 = (2500)2 .'. 6516 - 43,640Ic + 2,250,000 = 0
Problems
10-23
43,640 ± Ie =
=
j( 43,640)2 2(65)
4(65)(2,250,000)
335.69 ± 279.42 = 56.27 A(rms)*
*Select the smaller value of Ie to minimize the magnitude of ll. 2500 Xe = --= -44.43 56.27
.. 1 C = (44.43)(12D-lr) == 59.7 J-lF
P 10.30 [a] 1= 140 + .f480 = 14.4/ - 73.74° A(rms)

P = (14.4)2(2) = 414.72W
72ooLoo
138 - j460 [b) Y = 138 + j460 230,644

L
-JW
.c
= -J 230644 ,
=
460
..
Xe
-230,644 460
= -501.40n
[c) ZL = 230,644 138 [d] 1 =
1671.33n
7200 = 4.30/ - 0.68° A 1673.33 + j20
P = (4.30)2(2) = 37.02W
37.02 [e) % = 414.72 (100) = 8.93% Thus the power loss after the capacitor is added is 8.93% of the power loss before the capacitor is added.
P 10.31 (aJ SL = 24 + j7kVA
125I~ = (24 + j7) x 103;
I~
192 + j56A(rms)
.'. h = 192 - j56A(rms)

V,
= 125 + (192 - j56)(0.006 + jO.048) = = 129.15L3.94° V(rms)
128.84 + j8.88
IVsl = 129.15V(rms)
[b] Pt. = 11£12(0.006) = (200)2(0.006) = 240W
10-24
CHAPTER
[e] (~;2
1
-7000;
Xc
C
= -2.23[2 1
- wC = -2.23; [d] It = 192 + jO A (rms )
(2.23)(12071") = 1188.36 p,F
V, = 125 + 192(0.006
+ jO.048)
= 126.152
+ j9.216
= 126.49L4.18° V(rms)
IVsl = 126.49V(rms)
[e] ~ = (192)2(0.006) = 221.184 W P 10.32 [a] So = original load
1800
+j
1~.~0(0.8)
1800
+ j2400kVA
kV A
Sf = final load = 2400

.'. Qadded
+j
2400 0.96 (0.28) = 2400
+ j700
= 700 - 2400 = -1700kVAR
[bJ deliver [e] Sa = added load = 600 - j1700 = 1802.78L - 70.56° kV A pf = cos (-70.56) [d] 1* = (1800
' L
= 0.3328 leading
+ j2400)
4800
x 10 = 375
+J
"500A
IL = 375 - j500 = 625L53.13° A(rms) IILI = 625A(rms)
[ e,'I 1* L
= (2400
+4800 j700)
x 10
= 500 + J'145.83
IL = 500 - j145.83 = 520.83L - 16.26° A(rms) IILI = 520.83 A (rms) P 10.33 [a]
Pbefore
= (625)2(0.02) = 7812.50W = (520.83)2(0.02) = 5425.35 W
Pafter
Problems [b] Vs(before)
10-25
= 4800 + (375
- j500) (0.02
+ jO.16)
= 4887.5
+ j50
= 4887.5/0.59° V(rms)
!Vs(before)1 = 4887.76V(rms) Vs(after)
+ (500 - jI45.83)(0.02 + jO.16) = 4833.33 + j77.08 = 4833.95LO.91 ° V(rms)

= 4800
IVs (after) 1 = 4833.95 V(rms) 125/0° 125 L_ 1 '2A P 10.34 [ ] I a 1 - 20 + j34 + 5 + j16 - 25 + j50 = - J
I - jwM I 2Z22
1 - 200
j50 (1 '2) + j 150 - J
= 0.44 - jO.08 = 0.45/ - 10,30° A
VL = (150 - j 100) (0.44 - jO.08)

= 80.62L - 43.99° V
= 58 -
j56
IVLI
= 80.62 V
::;::: - 11112(5)= 125 - 25 125
[b] Pg(ideal) = 125(1) = 125 W Pg(practical)
100 W
PL = 11212(150)= 30W
% delivered
30 1 0 (100) 0
10
= 30%
P 10.35, [a]
~-jl0~
3
10
20 = j2(11 - 12) + j1(12 - 13) 0= 112 + j1(12

-
j1(11 - 13)
13)
+ j1(11
- 12) + j2(12 - 11) - j1(12 - 13)
10-26
Solving,
11 = 20 - j20A(rms); la = 11 = 20 - j20 A I, = 12 = 20A
12 = 20 + jOA(rms);
13 = o A(rms)
Ib = 11 - 12 = -j20 A Id = 13 - 12 = - 20 A If = 13 = OA
I, = 11 - 13 = 20 - j20 A [b]
+
V c -
= 20+jOV V, = lIe = 20+

V,
Vb = j2h - jlld = 40 + j20V JOY

Va = jlId
- jllb = -20 - j20V
Ve = -jlIe
-20 - j20V
Vf = lIf = OV
Sa = -201: = -400 - j400 VA Sb Se
= Vbl~ =
= Vel; =
-400 + j800VA 400 + JOVA
Sd = Vdl~
= 400 + j400VA
Se = Vel; = 0 - j800VA
Sf = V fl; = 0 + jO VA
[c]
L Pdev = 400 W
LP
abs
-400 + 400 + 400 = 400 W
Note that the total power absorbed by the coupled coils is zero:
-400 + 400 = 0 = Pb + Pd
Problems
[dJ
10-27
I:cu; = 400 + 800 = 1200 VAR

Both the source and the capacitor are developing magnetizing vars.
L Qabs = 400 + 800 = 1200VAR L Q absorbed by the coupled coils is o; + Qd

P 10.36 [a) 100 j500 ~ j300 j200
340/0
400
V (rms)
340LlL_= 10Ig + j501g 0=
+ j70(lg - 12)- j3012 +j701g - j4012 + jl00(lg - 12) jl00(12 - Ig) - j701g + j4012 + j2012 +j40(12 - Ig) - j301g + 4012
12 = 6Loo A(rms) 1440W .
Solving,
19
=5=
V
jlA(rms); (6?(40)
P40n
[b] Pg(developed) = (340)(5) = 1700W [c)

Zab = _f!_ -
Ig
10
= --.
340 5- J
10
55.38
+ J13.08
dev
56.91L13.28°
[d] PlOn
= 11gI2(1O)= 260W
diss
LP
P 10.37 [a]
1440
+ 260 =
3kQ
1700 W
LP
.+
v (rms)
30Lg_° ~
v2
-lkQ
J
2
2kQ
30 = 300011 + VI
+ 1000(11 -
12)
1(}-28
Solving,
VI
28.8V(rms);
V2 = 9.6V(rms) 12 = 3.6mA(rms) 12) = 26.4 V(rms)
11 = 1.2mA(rms);
VlOmA
VI
+ 1000(11-
:.
P = -(26.4)(10 x 10-3) = -264mW
Thus 264 mW is delivered by the current source to the circuit. [b] 11kfl= II - 12 = -2.4mA(rms) :. P1kfl = (-0.0024)2(1000) = 5.76mW
P 10.38 [a] Zab = (1 :. II =
+ ~:) 2 (4 4
j8) = 36 - j72
+ j42 + 36 -
250/0°
j72
= 5/36.87° A
P4(left)
11112(4) (5)2(4) = 100W =
12 = ~: 11 = 10[36.87° A :. IL = 15[36.87° A(rms)
P4(right)
= (225)(4) = 900W
dev
[bl Pg
(250)(5) cos(36.87°) = 1000W(developed)
L Pabs = (5)2(4) + 900 = 1000W = L P

P 10.39 [a]
y g
• •
a I:I
-71
:no n
II
(/1: I
6X(lflf V (rms)
+
-
II
•7
2
X()
so
Problems
Pso = 16P32o thus The load impedances ai(320)
-=-=a2 12
al
10-29
11
1 8
are matched to the source impedance: so
+ a~(80)
= 136,000
ai = 25
[b] Ig = (136 12 = 401g
so
680/0° ° + 136)103 = 2.5LQ_mA(rms)
100mA(rms)
= 800mW
Psoo = (0.1?(80)
[c] 11= 519 = 12.5/0° mA(rms)

V320 P 10.40 ZL
= (12.5
x 10-3)(320)
= 4 V(rms)
IZLILfJO IZLIcos(]O + jlZLI sin 0° =

III = IVThI j(RTh + IZLIcos 0)2 + (XTh
Thus
+ IZLIsinO?
Let D = demoninator
in the expression for P, then
dP (0.5IVThI2coSO)(D ·l-IZLldD/dIZLI) dlZLI D2
dP dlZLI = 0 when
( dD ) D = IZLI dlZLI
Substituting the expressions for D and (dDjdIZLI) into this equation gives us the relationship 14h + Xfh = IZLI2 or IZThl = IZLI· P 10.41 [a] ZTh = j~C
+ ~~~jj~~
= -j40
kG
+ 30 + j30
= 30 - jlO kG
.'. ZL = ZTh = 30
+ jlO
10-30

[b] V
Th
90~(60) 60 + j60
= 45(1 -
J·l) = 45v'2L- 45° V 30k 0
V (rms)
4Sb4So
F
X
;---i' ·
-j 10kO
30kO
j10kO
I = 45V2L - 45° = O. 75v'2L- 45°rnA 60 x 103
IIrmsl
11000
= 0.75rnA =
(0.75)2x 10-6(30
103)
16.875mW
P 10.42 [a]
240 - j80 - 480

ZTh
.240 - j80 _ 0 + --100=80
Z
Th
-100(240+j80) -(240 _ j80)
+J
'60[2
ZL =
80 - j60[2
=
[b] 1= 480Loo
160/00
3/0° A(rms)
L_
P = (9)(80) = 720W
P 10.43 [aJ 2S0 10°
V ( rms )
r
(T
SO
-j10
i
V1
10 0
+
0.2Vo Vo jS 0 VTh
-e
VI - 250 VI 5 _ jlO - 0.2V + 10 + j5 V _ -j5VI _ -jVl 10 + j5 - 2 + j1

(T -
-02V
• (T
jO.2Vl
2 + j1
. ..
[1 jO.2 1 VI 5 - jlO + 2 + j1 + 10 + j5
250 5 - jlO
Problems
10-31
Thus, VI
VTh =
=
or.;
10(10 + j5)
VI = )°50 = 50/90° V(rms) -
10+j5
)u
Short circuit current:
250
V (rms)
LOor
25010° t,
50
-j10 0
10 0
1
50
Isc
15 _ jl0 - 3 _ j2 A(rms) 50 °2) = 2 +) °3° H

j30
VTh j50( ZTh=-=-3-)
I
50 /90°6
V(rms)I
L
20
20 +
VL
_..
---7 I
~_
L ....
1-
j30
IL = P
50/90°
4
12.5/90° A(rms)
(12.5?(2)
= 312.50W
=
[b] VL = (2 - j3)(j12.5)
37.5 + j25 V(rms)

-j100 20
250
V (rms)
LooF·
_
50
w.,,--------il---t---"--J..N'.r---t----'VVlr---,
0.2
X.
Vo
j50
+
37.5 + j25 -5 _ °75 A( ) j5 ). rms
= 5 - j7.5
III
VL
i., ....
-j30
11 - j5 12 = It
_ VL
+ IL
+ j12.5
5 + j5A(rms)
10-32
vcs = VL + 1012 = 37.5 + j25 + 50 + j50

V; = -VL = -37.5 - j25 0.2Vu = -7.5 - j5 Bes = - Vcsl~ = -(87.5
87.5 + j75 V(rms)
+ j75)(
-7.5
+ j5)
1031.25 + j125 VA
Therefore, the dependent source is absorbing 1031.25 Wand 125 magnetizing vars. Only the independent voltage source is developing power. Ig = -0.2V o + 12 = 7.5 + j5 Bg
+ 5 + j5
VA
12.5 + j10 A
= -2501; = -3125 + j2500

= 3125 W
=
.'. Pdev
% delivered
312.5 3125 (100) = 10%
Thus, 10% of the developed power is delivered to the load. Checks:

PIOn
= (5v2flO = 500W
=
P2n = 312.5W
P5n = (J256.25f5
1281.25W
.', L P
dev
L Pabs = 500 + 312.5 + 1281.25 + 1031.25 = 3125W
VAR Check: The 250 V source is absorbing 2500 vars; the dependent current source is absorbing 125 vars; the j5 n inductor is absorbing 137.5+ j2512/5 = 406.25 vars. Thus,
L Qabs = 2625 + 406.25 = 3031.25 VAR L os; = (12.5)2(3) + 256.25(10) = 3031.25VAR = L Qabs
P 10.44 [a]
Problems
10-33
Solving, 12 = 2/0° A(rms); :. V, = (2/0°)(70) = 140/00Y(rms) [b] P = 7011212= 70(4) = 280W [c] 360/0° = (10 + j20)11 - jl0(2 Pg = (360)(8) = 2880W % delivered = 2~820100) = 9.72% (
P 10.45 [a]
+ jO);
360 100
V t rms )
r
Il~
100
1·_
~.
j400 ~'------j0-0--4 .... +

V
Th
360 = 1011+ j40I1 - j3011 + j40I1 - j30I1 .'. II = 7.2 - j14.4A(rms)

V Th = j40I1 - j3011 = jl011 = 144 + j72 Y
36010
V Lrme )
r
Il~
100
·
j400
~ J
~ j400~
(
•
Be
360 = (10 + j20)I1 - jlOlse 0= -jl011 Solving, Ise = 2.215 - j3.877 A

Z
Th
+ j40Ise
VTh = 144 + j72 = 2 "36n Isc 2.215 _ j3.877 +J
10-34
.--~"M
20
j360
ry-y'"'("'>.
'M----.
20
------7'" IL
VI
h
=
...,______ ~_.___..._
IILI = 18V5A
144: j72 = 36 + j18A;
PL = (18)2(5)(2) = 3240W [b] 360 = (10 + j20)ll - jlO(36 + jI8);

.'. Pg
11 = 18[0° A
= (360)(18) _;_6480W
Thus, for
P 10.46 [a] From Problem 9.74, ZTh = 90+ j1200 and VTh = 450j36.87°V. maximum power transfer, ZL = Z,h = 90 - j1200:
450~
V(rms)
/-~I I
900
j 1200
900
~-'1200
12 = 450136.87° = 2.5136.87° = 2 + j1.5 A 180

300 900
---:t (2+j 1.5) A

j2000
'#.1
I
~ -j1200
22510° = (15 + j20)11 - j50(2 + j1.5)

.'. I = 150 + jl00 1 15 + j20
= 6.8
_ ·2.4A
J
Sg(del) = 225(6.8 + j2.4) = 1530 + j540VA Pg = 1530W
Problems [b) Fioss = 11112(15)+ 11212(30):::::: 780

% loss P 10.47' (a]
=8
10-35
+ 187.5
= 967.5 W
967.50 1530 (100) = 63.24%
ZTh
+ j15 + (-j~:)~1:1;
j6) = 24 + j7 = 25L16.26°
.'. R
= IZThl
= 250
-J4
[b] VTh = 18 -.J

+)6
'24
'2 (630LOO)= 420 - j420 = 420v'2L - 45°V(rms)
V (rms) -
420-$6
r.
240
j70
250
1= 420v2i!L.. 49+ j7 ' p P 10.48 [a]
III = 60v2
V50
=
3.6kW
(3600)(2) (25) = 3600W 50
~~~~--r-~~'--~-'
100
-j200
600~O • v (rms) -
V¢ - 600 10 .'.
+ jlO
V</J_ 0.05V
¢
=0
V ¢ = 240
+ j480V(rms) = V¢(1j1)
VTh = V</J 0.05V</J(-j20) + Short circuit current:
= 720 + j240V(rms)
10-36
600bJ..°
V(rms)
•
-
Isc
= 0.05V 4> + -~;O =
(0.05
+ jO.05)V
4>
V4>- 600 10 .'.
V4> V4> _ 0 + jl0 + -j20 -
V 4> 480 =
+ j240
V(rms)
= 12
Isc
Z
(0.05
+ jO.05) (480 + j240)
+ j36A(rms)
= VTh = 720
Th
r;
+ j240 = 12 _ '16 = 20L - 53.13° 0 12 + j36 J
R; = 200 [hJ
720+j240
V (rms)
t=
-
.-----1 ~ I
-j16Q 20Q
1= 720
32-j16
+ j240
= 15
+ j15
= 15)2/45°
A(rms)
P = (15\1"2)2(20) = 9000W = 9kW [c]

1: ~.
Q -j16Q 720+j240
V (rms) -
j16Q
1= 720
+ j240
24
30
+ jlOA(rms)
(v'1000)2(12) = 12kW
Problems [d]
+
100
V os
10~37
+ v<jl
1 =7XcI~
j160
-j200
----?730+jlOA (rms)
V1>- 600 V1> V1>- 200 - j600 _ 0 10 + j10 + -j20 .'. V1>= 200 + j200V
0.05V 1> = 10 + j10 A 10 + j 10 + Ie
= 30 +
j 10;
Ie = 20+jOA
IL = V 1>= 20 - )'20 A j10
IR = Ie + h = 40 - j20A Ig = IR + 0.05V1> = 50 - jlOA(rms)

Bg = -6001; = -30,000 - j6000 VA 600
= V cs +
200 + j600;
Ves
= 400 -
j600V
Bcs = (400 - j600)(10 - jl0)
= -2000 - j1O,OOOVA
L Pdev = 30,000
Check:
+ 2000 = 32,000 W
= 32 kW
12 % delivered to Zo = 32 (100) = 37.50%
LP
abs
12,000+I~(1O)
= 32kW=
LP
dev
L Qdev = 6000 + 10,000 + IleI2(20) = 24kVAR L Qabs = IILI2(1O) + 11012(16)= 24kVAR = L Qdev
P 10.49 [a] First find the Thevenin equivalent:
_1_ = 10 = _ 'won jWC jl()4 )
6
10-38

Z«
'Ih
= 300( -j100) = 30 - '900

300 _ j100
J
=
Th
150(-jl00) = 15 - '45 V(r ) 300 _ j100 J ms
jwL = j104(6 x 10-3) = j600
-j9;Q·
70Dl
•
[15-j45'6
V(r:ms)
-1,-
..._---J
~ j600
I = 15 - j45 = 1.5 (13 - '9) A(rms) 40 - j30 25 J
III =
1.5V250A(rms) 25 625
p = 2.25 (250)(10) = 9W
[b] Set Lo = 8 mH;
Set Ro as close as possible to
u, =v (30)2 + (10)2 = V:iOoO = 31.620 .'. u, = 200

[c] 1= 15 - j45 = 3 - j9 A(rms) 50 - jlO 10 - j2
.'. III =
v'9O
104 104
p = 1112(20) (90)(20) = 17.31W =
Yes;
17.31 W > 9W
[d] 1= 15 - j45 = 1 - j3 A(rms) 60 4

p=
(~r
30 = 18.75W
t; = 9mH
[eJ
u, =
300;
[f) Yes;
18.75W > 17.31W
Problems P 10.50 [a] t; = 8 mH;
10-39
u, = V302 + 102 = 31.62 n
15(1 - j3) 15v1O, o 1= 61.62 _ j10 = 62.43 L - 62.35 A(rms)
15v1O)2 ( 62.43
(31.62)
18.26 W
[b] Yes; [c] Yes;
18.26 W > 17.31 W 18.26 W < 18.75 W 1
1 P 10.51 [a] wC = 2400; 4800 [b] Iwo = 160
C = (240)(12071") = 11.05J1F
+ j240
4800
. 30 - J20A(rms) j20)(1
Vswo = 4800
+ (30 4800
+ j8)
= 4990
+ j220
= 4994.85L2.52° V(rms)
4800 Iw = 160
+ j240 + -j240
=
4800
= 30
+ JOA(rms)
V(rms)
Vsw
= 4800 + 30(1 + j8) = 4830 + j240 = 4835.96L2.84°

4994.85 ) ( 4835.96 - 1 (100)
% increase
[c] ?two
3.29%
= 130-
j20121 = 1300 W
Ptw
= 302(1) = 900W =
. % increase P 10.52 raj
(1300) - 1 (100) = 44.44% 900

j160Q
10
v (rms)
240~
h
~
~
20Q
'~'-'t
.,
•
L!'
j60Q~
'""+
•
0
... \l.- . 40Q :Ii J!~
...\l.:I
2 _
1400
240 = 2011 + j40(ll
- 12) - j6012
o = j40(12
Solving,
- 11) + j6012
+ j16012 + j60(12
- 11) + 14012
11 = 6.4 - j2.8A(rms);
12 = 2/0° A(rms)
Vo = 14012 = 280LOoV(rms)
10-40
CHAPTER 10. Sinusoidal Steady State Power Calculations [b] P
=
=
11212(140) 560W = (240)(6.4) = 1536W
[cJ Pg
560 % delivered = 1 5 3 6 = 36.46% (100) 240/0° P 10.53 [a.J VTh = 20 +}40(j40)
+ 20 +}40(J60)
j1600
240/0°
= 480
+ J240V(rms)
j600 ~
r•
~ :tV-sa
From the solution to Problem 10.49 we can write 240 = (20 + j40)11 - jl00Isc 0= -jl00I1 Solving, Isc = 3.15 - j1.377 Z
Th
+ j320Isc
VTh
Isc
480 + j240 = 100 '120 = 156.20/50.19° 0 3.15 _ j1.377 +J
RL = 156.200
(b)
480+j240 ~
V(rms)
1000 ~:t
j1200
156.200
536.66/26)57° 282.92/25.10°
1.90/1.470 _-
P = 1112(156.20) 562.05 W =
Problems P 10.54 [a]

200 j1600
1O~41
I
240d°cb v (rms ) ~
.. t
r.l\}
'4001 J
'l ~
j(80k)Q~
1400
r. \}
z
240 = 2011 + j40(11
12) + j80kl2
o = j40(12
or
12 = (1
- 11) - j80kl2
+ j16012 + j80k(11
- 12) + 14012
+ j2)11 + j(4k
- 2)(12);
- 2)12
0= j(4k - 2)11 + [7 + j(lO - 8k)]12
N2 = -j(4k
12 = 0 when N2 = 0
Va= 0 when 12 = 0
:. k = 0.5
[b] When 12 = 0
II = 1 !2j2 = 2.4 - j4.8A(rms)
Pg
= (240)(2.4) = 576 W
11112(20)= 576 W
Check:
Pross =
P 10.55 [a] V
Th
760f!r_ ('50) = 380L16.26° V 28 + j96 J 31

=
ZTh =
+ j100 + (15000) (28 2

38 - j76
j96) = 38
+ j76 n
.'. ZL
h=
PL
=
380L16.26° 76 = 4.8
+ J1.4 = 5i16.26°
A(rms)
IId2(38)
= 950 W
10-42
760
V(rms} -,,-
I-~ ~6
10
8Q
j56Q
20Q
j50Q ~ J'40·Q~ ____'
31Q
38Q
r-·--'If',>"'(-4-.-8+··J-'l-.~~ j100Q .... -j76Q
76010° = 11(28 + j96) - j50(4,8 + j1.4)

. I = 690 + j240 = 7311 _ 1':41':6°= 4 24 - '5 95 A 1 100/73.740 . 0 .0 . J.
Sg( delivered) = 760(4.24 + j5.95) = 3219.36 + j4523.52 VA
.Ross = 11112(8)
= 426.96 W
l1n(transformer)
= 3219.36
- 426.96
= 2792.40W
% delivered to ZL
= 2;~~.4 (100) = 34.02%
P 10.56 [a] jwL1 = j(5000) (2 x 10-3) = j10n
jwL2 = j(5000)(8 x 10-3) = j40
v(rms)6
70~o
S10~
~ J
10Q
«>,
l.j40Q~L ...
jlOQ
130Q
70 = (10 o = jlOIg Solving,
+ jlO)lg + j10IL +
(30
+ j40)h
Ig = 4- j3A; Thus,
ig = 5 cos(5000t - 36.87°) A
is. = 1 cos(5000t
- 180°) A
[b] k =
vr;r;;
2 y16 = 0.5
Problems [c] When t = 10011" f.1.s: 5000t = (5000)(10011")x 1O~6 = 0.511"rad = 90° ig(1001l" Its) = 5eos(53.15°) = 3A
iL(1001l"lts) = 1eos(-900) w = ~Llii
10-43
= OA
=
+ ~L2i~ + Mi1i2
= 180°
~(2 x 10-3)(9) + 0 + 0 = 9mJ
When t = 20011" Its: 5000t
= 11"ad r
ig(2001l" /1,s) = 5 eos(180 - 36.87°) = -4 A

iL(2001l" Its) = 1 eos(180 - 180°) = 1 A w
~(2 x 10-3)(16)
+ ~(8
x 10-3)(1)
+2 x
10-3 ( -4)(1)
12 mJ
[d] From (a), 1m = 1 A, .. p

. 1( = "2 1)2 (30) =
15 W
[e] VTh=
10 70. (jl0)=35V2L45°V +)10 -
ZTh
= j40 +
C~~ r
50
(10 - jlO)
= 5 + j35 =
vU5OL8L 78° !1
..
RL = 25V2n
[f)
35-$A'5
P \j<
r
j35
j350
---71
I=
(5 + 25V2)
35V2H!r_
+ j35
= 0.93L4.07°
--
P = ~(0.93)2(25V2)
15.18 W
[g] ZL
= ZTh = 5 -
10-44
[h] I = 35~~
= 3.5V2L45°
P = ~(3.5V2)2(5) = 61.25 W
P 10.57
10Q j40Q
VTh =
80. (j20) + 10 80' (j20) = 128+j64V(rms) 10+ )20 +) 20

j40Q
j20Q
r•
xV-sa
80 = lOll + j20(11 - Isc) - j20lsc
o == j20(lsc
Solving,
- 11) + j20lsc + j40lsc - j20(11 - Isc)
Isc = 2.76 - j1.10A;
Th
128 + j64 2.76 _ j1.10
32
+)
'36 n
I L- 128 + j64 - 2 +) ·1A 64

j40Q
j20Q~
r:
V--
32Q
l
~ -j36Q
1) A
x2 = (2+j
Problems
10-45
12 = 2+ jlA
Solving,
It = 4LOo A
z, = 80/4 = 20+
P 10.58
jOn
1: <:.5
4kQ
ideal
therefore
= 250 n
therefore
-I
v, = -2- = 40 n 250
b
6. 5
Therefore Ib = [100/(10 + 40)J = 2A (rms); since the ideal transformers are lossless, P4kn = P4on, and the power delivered to the 4kn resistor is 22(40) or
l60W. P 10.59 [aJ
Ion
lOla + VI = 100;
lO[-2.5(0)J - Voc/2.5a = 100
v., = -250a
10-46
lOla
+ VI = 100;
VI = -V2/2.5 0 = 100
1O[-2.5(aIsc)] Isc = 100/( -2.5a) = -4/a

Thus,
ZTh
Voc
Isc
-2500, = 62.50,2 -4/0,

so
For maximum power to the 4 kn load,
0,=8
[b] The circuit, with everything to the left of the 4 kn load resistor replaced
by its Thevenin equivalent:
4kQ
R=
L
4000
vi
= (-1000)2
4000
= 250W
P 10.60 [a]
ZTh
= 32 + j124 + (2~)
Zab
(3 - j4) = 80 + j60 = 100L36.87°n
.'.
ioos:
Zab
ZL = (1 + Nd N2)2
(1 + Nt/N2)2 = 3600/100 = 36 NdN2=5

or
N2=Nd5
N2 = 300 turns
Problems
10~7
800
j600
1000
1= III
~~~~j~~1.6V1oL18.43° A(rms) =
= 1.6V1o A(rms)
P _1112(100) = 2560W [c]
240LO°
.'.
(3
+ j4)Il
- j20( 4.8
+ j1.6)
II = 40.32 - j21.76 A (rms)
Pgen = (240)(40.32) = 9676.80W Pdiss = 9676.80 - 2560 = 7116.80 W .. 7116.80 % dissipated = 9676.80 (100) :::;: 3.54% 7 P 10.61 [a]
20kO
V(rms)
240,&'Or lL..-
•
z... -7 .:
For maximum power transfer, Zab = 20 kO
Zab =
.'.
(1 -
(1 -
Z:) Z~)
ZL
2 = 20~~00 = 400
10-48
z~
= 1 =F 20
NI =21 N2 NI N2 = 21
= --
2520 21
120 turns
[b]
20kO
240r 120d
P50n
20kO v
P20kn
(120)2 -3 20 x 10 = 720mW
(c]
...-. +
12 0,&:'° v
+ v1 Nl
N2
500
N2 V2 = --VI
».
=--
VI
21
VI -
VI
21 = 120;
VI = 126V
.'. V2 = -6V Check the power calculation:
P50n = - = 0.72W = 720mW [d]

+
20kO 5kO
36 50
Ves = 120 + (6)(5) = 150V
Problems
Pcs(del) = (150)(16) = 2400mW
01'
ID-49
10
de ivere
d _ 2400 ( 100) _ 30/0 720 Of -
P 10.62 [a]
o .2SQ
1 V2 = 4V1;
25 = 511 + VI 0= :.
-V2
+ 1.2512
.'. VTh = 20V
11 = lA;
tlQ
o .2SQ
25 = (Isc + 11)(1) + 411 + VI 25 = (Isc + 11)(1) + (Isc
+ 411)(1)
Solving, Isc = 20A

RTh = -
VTh
r;
=-
20
20
In
10-50
V (rms)
20r
(10)2(1)
10
lOA
+
lOV lQ
P
[b]
100W
lOA
+
10 40
lOV
0.250
~o~I') 25 : V (rms )
10
25 = (10 V -f
+ 11)(1) + 411 + VI + (411 + 10)(1)
= 411(0.25)
Solving, 11 = -1 A .'. Psource = (25)(10 - 1) = 225 W

= ~~~ (100) = 44.44%
% delivered
[c] Pdev = 25(10 - 1) = 225 W
Pio Pia
Pui
= (9)2(1) = 81 W; = (10)2(1) = 100 W; = (10 - 4)2(1)
P4Q = (-1?(4)
=4W = 4W
PO.25Q = (-4)2(0.25)
= 36W
dev
L Pabs = 81 + 4 + 100 + 4 + 36 = 225 W = L P
Problems P 10.6:3 [a] Open circuit voltage:
10-51
100Loo = 5000(11
+ 13) + 20,00013 + VTh + 13) + 20,00013 + VTh
.'.
100 = 5000( -513
Solving, VTh = 100/0° V Short circuit current:
5kQ
100~
/0
V (rms)
~l:3) 1
\.1.
"'1"
100/0° = 500011 + 500013 + 100011 + VI 5VI = 25,000(11/5); .. :. VI
= 100011
100/0° = 700011 + 500013
Also, 100/0° = 5000(11 Solving, 11 = 13.33 rnA; 13 = 1.33 mA;
+ 13) + 20,00013
Isc
=
11/5
+ 13 = 4 mA
10~52

Th = -r, = -0.004
RTh
100
= 25kO
25kQ
v (rms ) -
lOOA"r-7
100&:' = 50,000 -
25kQ
1=
2Loo mA(rms)
P (b]
(0.002)2(25,000) = 100 m W
5kQ fo
100~
V (rms )
l ~J:3)
.L1T
25kQ
100 = 5000(11 5V1 = 10,000 100 = 5000(11 .'.
+ 13) + 20,00013 + 50
(i)
+ 50
100011 + VI 13 = -0.963 rnA;
= 1386mW
+ 13) +
11 = 14.82 rnA;
h + 13 =
13.857 LO° rnA
PlOov(developed) = 100(13.857m) .'. % delivered 100
= 1386 (100) = 7.22%
[c] PRL = 100mW; P20kn
PlOkn = (2.96m)2(lOk) = 18.6mW;

= 219.6mW
= 87.9mW
(0.963m)2(20k)
P5kn
(13.857m?(5000)
= 960.1mW
P1kn = (14.82m)2(1000)
L Pabs
= 100
+ 87.9 + 18.6 + 960.1 + 219.6
= 1386 m W =
LP
dev
Problems
10-53
P 10.64
raJ
Replace the circuit to the left of the primary winding with a Thevenin equivalent: VTh
Z
Th
')50/0° 2~ + j50 (j50) 20 + 25 + j50

(25)(j50)
200 + j100mV '10 0 +J
= 40
Transfer the secondary impedance to the primary side:

Z = _!_(160- jXc) = 10 - jXc 0
p
16
16
400
200+j 100 ~ v (rms)
~l
j mo
100
~-j (X /16)Q
Now maximize I by setting (Xc/16) .'. C = (160)(50) = 125nF [b] 1= 200+jlOO =4+j2mA 50
100:
10-3
III = v20mA
P
= (20 x 10-6)(10) =
:.
200/kW
[c] ~ = 400; [d] 1= 200 ;;100
n: = 6400
j1.25mA
= 2.5 +
p = 11[2(40)= 312.501)'W
P 10.65 [a] Zab = 30,000 - jlO,OOO= (1 _ ~:) ZL = ~(30,000 - jl0,000)

=
ZL
7500 - j2500
10--54
[bJ
480~
v (rma)
ior~l• j
30kQ j lOkQ ~
30kQ
~-'lOkQ
J
:I2
• •
Nl -7:IL
+
VL
t
NIII
=
N2
-N212
12 = -311 = -24~mA IL = 11 + 12 = -16/0° rnA VL = (7500 - j2500)IL = -120+ j40 = 126.49/16L57°V(rms)
P 10.66 [a] Begin with the MEDIUM setting, as shown in Fig. 10.31, as it involves only the resistor R2. Then, Pmed = 500W Thus,
R
2 2
V2
=
R2 = R2
1202
= 120 = 28.80
500
[b) Now move to the LOW setting, as shown in Fig. 10.30, which involves the resistors RI and R2 connected in series:
Flow
Rl + R2 - RI + 28.8 = 250W
v2
V2
Thus,
R1 = 250 - 28.8 = 28.80
1202
Problems
[c] Note that the HIGH setting has R, and R2 in parallel: Phigh
10-55
V2 1202 RIIIR2 - 28.81128.8 = 1000 W
If the HIGH setting has required power other than 1000 W, this problem could not have been solved. In other words, the HIGH power setting was chosen in such a way that it would be satisfied once the two resistor values were calculated to satisfy the LOW and MEDIUM power settings. P 10.6',7 [a] PL = Rl
v2 + R2 ;
2
V2 PM = R ;
P, _ V2(Rl
H-
+ R2)
RIR2
V2 Rl +R2 = P ;
L
RH-
PM
PM-PL
(750)2 [b] PH = (750 _ 250) = 1125 W P 10.68 First solve the expression derived in P10.67 for PM as a function of PL and PH. Thus
For the specified values of PL and PH

PM = 500
± 1000VO.25 - 0.24
= 500
± 100
10-56

PM!
= 600W;
PM2
= 400W
Note in this case we design for two medium power ratings If PMl = 600W
R = (120)2 = 240
'2 600 ~ (120)2 IiI + R2 = 240 = 600
.HI = 60 - 24 = 360 CHECK: PH

=
(120)2(60) (36)(24) = 1000W
If PM2 = 400W
R = (120)2 = 360
2 400
RI
+ R2 = 600
(as before)
R; = 240 CHECK: PH = 1000 W P 10.69 Rl
+ R2 + R3 =
(120)2 600 = 240
R) +R3 = "
(120)2 = 160 900
..
R8
Ri = 24 - 16 = 80
+ RIIIR2 =
16 - R
(120)2 1200
=
=
120 12
8R2 2+ 8+R2 =4 8R2 = 32
R. 2
8R2 8+R2
8R2
+ R~ -
+ 4R2
R~ - 4R2 - 32 = 0 R2 = 2 :.
±J 4 + 32 = 2 ± 6
:. R3 = 80
R2 = 80;
Problems
10-57
P 10.70 R = (220)2 = 96.8 n 2 500

Rl
+ R2 =
(220)2 250 = 193.60
.'. u, = 96.80
CHECK: RIIIR2 = 48.40
R = (220)2 -: 1000 W
H
48.4

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------10

Sinusoidal Steady State Power Calculations

1= 20D5° A - (15)] = 500W, B

(75)] = cos(-60°) = 0.5 leading

CHAPTER 10. Sinusoidal Steady State Power Calculations

From Ex. 9.4 1 - Ip - 0.18 A

AP 10.4 [a] Z = (39 + j26)11(-j52) Therefore 1£ = 48

VL = ZI£ = (52L - 22.62°)(4.85L18.08°)

252.20L - 4.54° V(rms)

5.38/- 38.23° A(rms)

(252.20/- 4.54°)(5.38L + 38.23°) = 1357L33.69°

752.73 VAR Q£ = 11£12- 94.09 VAR 4

[c] P£ = 11£121 (4.85)2.1 = 23.52 W; =

1.25/- 36.87° = (1Xc = -0.750

+ j15,000(0.8) = 9000 + j12,000VA

82 = 6000(0.8) - j6000(0.6) = 4800 - j3600 VA

+ j69 + 42 = 242 + j69

'24 = 53.67L - 26.57° V

+ 2~ ~~~o = 20 + jlO = 22.36L26.57° n

For maximum power transfer,

[d] I = 53.67L - 26.57° = 1.23/- 39.8"':0 A 42.36 + j10 L 0

Mesh current equations:

660 = (34 + j50)ll

12) + j4011 + j40(11 - 12)

- Ir) - j4011 + 10012

248 = j40011 - j50012 + 375(11 - 12)

11) + j100012 - j50011

12 = 0.4 - jO.3 = 0.5L - 36.87°

[bJ II - h = 004 - jO.32 A

1212 (375) = 49.20 W

[cJ Pg = ~(248)(0.8) = 99.20W

Short circuit equations: 14610° = 8011 - 2012 + VI

.'. 12 = -146/365 = -OAOA; -584)2 [b] P = ( 2920 1460 = 58.4{)W

-584 -0- = 14600

CHAPTER 10. Sinusoidal Steady State Power Calculations

= - 2wP sin 2wt

- 2wQ cos 2wt

- 2wP sin 2wt = 2wQ cos 2wt

- 60) = 600cos(~75°) -579.56 VAR (del)

2(625)(4)cos(40 -150) = 1250cos(-1l00) = -427.53W (del)

1 [d] P= 2"(180)(10)cos(130-20) Q = 900sin(llOO)

=900cos(llOO) = -307.82W (abs)

radio = 71 W portable heater = 1322W

Yes, the breaker will trip.

= 2738 - 1200 = 1538 W;

1 106 jWC - j(25 x 103)(40) = -j1 0

jwL = j(25 x 103)(40) x 10-6 = j1 0

109 = (5000)(80) = 25000

= - j2500(7500) = 750 - '22500

Zi = 15000 . '. Zf = 750 - j2250 = 0.5 _ '1.5 Zi 1500 J

P 10.6 jwL = jl0,000(10-3)

1 10 = -j40n jwC = jl0,000(2.5)

fa] line loss line loss

40,000 = lOkW .'.

IIgl = V500A IIgl2 = 40,000 RL

Problems .'. XL = 600

2500 JlO,OOO+ (60 - Xl)2

.'. 10,000 + (60 - Xc) Solving, Thus, [b] If x, = 100: I9-

625 X 104 500 = 12,500

(60 ~ Xl) = ±50.

2500 - 20 - ·10A 100 + j50 J

Sg = -25001; = -50 - j25kVA

1= 10 + j12.5 = 0.0667 - jO.08889