Adjoint of Matrix - Tutorial

Adjoint of Matrix Adjoint of Matrix : Adjoint or Adjugate Matrix of a square matrix is the transpose of the matrix formed by the cofactors of elements of determinant |A|. To calculate adjoint of matrix we have to follow the procedure a) Calculate Minor for each element of the matrix. b) Form Cofactor matrix from the minors calculated. c) Form Adjoint from cofactor matrix. For an example we will use a matrix A a11 a12 a13 Matrix A = a21 a22 a23 a31 a32 a33 Step 1: Calculate Minor for each element. To calculate the minor for an element we have to use the elements that do not fall in the same row and column of the minor element. a11 a12 a13 a22 a23 Minor of a11 = M11 = a21 a22 a23 = = a22xa33 - a32xa23 a32 a33 a31 a32 a33 a11 a12 a13 Minor of a12 = M12 = a21 a22 a23 = a31 a32 a33

a21 a23 a31 a33

= a21xa33 - a31xa23

a11 a12 a13 Minor of a13 = M13 = a21 a22 a23 = a31 a32 a33 a11 a12 a13 a21 a22 a23

a21 a22 a31 a32

= a21xa32 - a31xa22

Minor of a21 = M21 =

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a12 a13 a32 a33

= a12xa33 - a32xa13

a31 a32 a33 Similarly M22 = a11xa33 - a31xa13 M31 = a12xa23 - a22xa13 M33 = a11xa22 - a21xa12

M23 = a11xa32 - a31xa12 M32 = a11xa23 - a21xa13

Step 2: Form a matrix with the minors calculated.. M11 M12 M13 Matrix of Minors = M21 M22 M23 M31 M32 M33

Step 3: Finding the cofactor from Minors: Cofactor: A signed minor is called cofactor. The cofactor of the element in the ith row, jth column is denoted by Cij Cij = (-1)i+j Mij (-1)1+1M11 (-1)1+2M12 (-1)1+3M13 Matrix of Cofactors = (-1)2+1M21 (-1)2+2M22 (-1)2+3M23 (-1)3+1M31 (-1)3+2M32 (-1)3+3M33 C11 = 1 x M11 C31 = 1 x M31 C11 C21 C31 C12 C22 C32 C13 C23 C33 C12 = (-1) x M12 C13 = 1 x M13 C23 = (-1) x M23 C32 = (-1) x M32 C33 = 1 x M33 M11 -M21 M31 -M12 M22 -M32 M13 -M23 M33

Matrix of Cofactors =

C21 = (-1) x M21 C22 = 1 x M22

So,

Step 4: Calculate adjoint of matrix: To calculate adjoint of matrix, just put the elements in rows to columns in the cofactor matrix. i.e convert the elements in first row to first column, second row to second column, third row to third column.
Adjoint of Matrix =

C11 C21 C31 C12 C22 C32

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C13 C23 C33

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