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Saponin Glycosides

Parts of plants containing saponins are used as detergents. For example; Root of Saponaria officinalis

Types:
Aglycone may be of two types; Steroidal Tri terpenoidal

a) Glycyrrhiza
Botanical origin:
Glycyrrhiza glabra

Family:
leguinosae

Part used:
Dried rhizome and root

Collection:
Root and rhizome is excised from 3-4 years old plant i.e. which have not yet grown fruit. It is done to ensure maximum sweetness. These are dried in shade for 3-4 months.

Chemistry:
Glycyrrhiza contains Glycyrrhizic acid. Upon hydrolysis, it produces; Glycyrrhizic acid 2 molecules of glucuronic acid
In addition to this, it contains; Flavonoid glycosides Mannitol Glucose 20% starch

Uses:
Flavoring agent in Pharmaceutical preparation. Demulcent and expectorant. Treatment of peptic ulcer. Treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis and Inflammatory conditions Sweetener Treatment of liver diseases and liver protection

b) Sarsaparilla
Botanical Origin:
Smilax febrifuga Smilax regelii

Family:
Liliaceae

Part used:
Dried root

Collection:
Root collected from 2-3 year old plant and sun dried.

Chemistry:
Active ingredient is Sarsaponin Upon hydrolysis, it produces; Sarsapogenin 3 D-glucose 1 L-rhamnose

Uses:
Flavoring agent Used in skin diseases Used in rheumatism

Cyanophore Glycosides

Upon hydrolysis these glycosides produce Hydrocyanic acid i.e. HCN

Wild cherry
Botanical origin:
Prunus serotina

Family:
Rosaceae

Part used:
Dried bark

Collection:
Bark is collected in autumn and sun dried. Drug is almost odorless when dried but attains strong odor of benzaldehyde after moisturizing.

Chemistry:
Active principle is Prunasin. It is formed from partial hydrolysis of amygdalin.

In addition to this, it contains; Tannins Volatile oil Benzoic acid

Uses:
Astringent Sedative Flavoring agent Anti-tussive

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