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Parts of plants containing saponins are used as detergents. For example; Root of Saponaria officinalis
Types:
Aglycone may be of two types; Steroidal Tri terpenoidal
a) Glycyrrhiza
Botanical origin:
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Family:
leguinosae
Part used:
Dried rhizome and root
Collection:
Root and rhizome is excised from 3-4 years old plant i.e. which have not yet grown fruit. It is done to ensure maximum sweetness. These are dried in shade for 3-4 months.
Chemistry:
Glycyrrhiza contains Glycyrrhizic acid. Upon hydrolysis, it produces; Glycyrrhizic acid 2 molecules of glucuronic acid
In addition to this, it contains; Flavonoid glycosides Mannitol Glucose 20% starch
Uses:
Flavoring agent in Pharmaceutical preparation. Demulcent and expectorant. Treatment of peptic ulcer. Treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis and Inflammatory conditions Sweetener Treatment of liver diseases and liver protection
b) Sarsaparilla
Botanical Origin:
Smilax febrifuga Smilax regelii
Family:
Liliaceae
Part used:
Dried root
Collection:
Root collected from 2-3 year old plant and sun dried.
Chemistry:
Active ingredient is Sarsaponin Upon hydrolysis, it produces; Sarsapogenin 3 D-glucose 1 L-rhamnose
Uses:
Flavoring agent Used in skin diseases Used in rheumatism
Cyanophore Glycosides
Wild cherry
Botanical origin:
Prunus serotina
Family:
Rosaceae
Part used:
Dried bark
Collection:
Bark is collected in autumn and sun dried. Drug is almost odorless when dried but attains strong odor of benzaldehyde after moisturizing.
Chemistry:
Active principle is Prunasin. It is formed from partial hydrolysis of amygdalin.
Uses:
Astringent Sedative Flavoring agent Anti-tussive