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The Ohio State University Dept. of Chemistry BETHA Project ) '(
http://echem.blogfa.com

-
34 0 1 2 /-. ! ++,+ ml Cl ()* mg !" #$ % & '
+, +8 5* +,+676 57 +,+ +8 5( +,()* 56 +,676 5
- - 6
? 34 0 C l 1 /3 ++ ml 6* mg !;< => Cl -" 9: -
(Atomic weight: Cl = 35.45).
-1 -3 -3 -1 -3
1) 2.5×10 2) 5.0×10 3) 2.5×10 4) 7.1×10 5) 7.1×10
? 3 -"0 1> -. ! +,*+ L +,+ mg A C20H29FO3 A' B <> - @ % & ' (
(Atomic weights: C = 12.01, H = 1.008, F = 19.00, O = 16.00).
1) 2.3 x 10-5 2) 1.2 x 10-3 3) 5.9 x 10-4 4) 1.2 x 10-4 5) 5.9 x 10-5
!B ;0 -C 7
3
34 0 % & 2 / , + g/cm 4< => ( H3C6H5O7 ) - ' !< 6(,D % & '
(Atomic weights: C = 12.01, H = 1.008, O = 16.00). ?
,() 5* ,78 57 +, () 5( +, 8( 56 ,8( 5
3 *
?3 -"0 F : $ 2 /-. ! , 88( g/cm A( C3H8O3 ) % 4 &E !< 87,+ ! > % & ' 4<
(Atomic weights: C = 12.01, H = 1.008, O = 16.00).
G, 5* G,7 57 ),* 5( G,86 56 ),G6 5
? 34 0 ,*+ g/ml 1 4H !B ;0 HBr !< 7G,+ % & ' HBr 8
(Atomic weights: H = 1.008, Br = 79.9).
G,D+ 5* D, + 57 G,)+ 5( D,*+ 56 D,(+ 5
< I< JB -K$ )

? 1> ,)8 M % & B !& *( LiCLO3 L &: B % -M0

+,67+ 5* +,( + 57 +,(7+ 5( +,6)+ 56 +,6 + 5
51 -< - '&J 3P&Q ' O ? 1> (,GN + M% & B !& ++,+ NaCN % -M0 G

(Atomic weights: Na = 22.99, N = 14.01, C = 12.01).

1) 3.8 x 10-7 2) 3.8 x 10-6 3) 2.6 x 10-6 4) 2.6 x 10-5 5) 3.8 x 10-5
? - M: 2 K$ Na2SO4 +, 6( M % & B !& 6) JB -K$ D
(Atomic weights: Na = 22.99, S = 32.06, O = 16.00).
+,+67( 5* +,+( 57 +,+ G6 5( +,+ *8 56 +,+6)7 5
< I< ' +

? . J$ +, ++ M % & 6*+,+ ml $ 3 < C6H5OH E -M0

(Atomic weights: C = 12.01, H = 1.008, O = 16.00).
,6* 5* 6,* 57 6,(* 5( +,6(* 56 6(,* 5
 ? HBr ,++ M % & B !& 6(+,+ J$ < 5 EO - M: 2 K$
(Atomic weights: H = 1.008, Br = 79.9).
66,6 5* 68,( 57 G,8 5( 6D,* 56 67,6 5
? . J$ +,*+ KOH % & 6*+,+ ml $ 3 < KOH E -M0 6
(Atomic weights: K = 39.1, O = 16.00, H = 1.008).
6 5* + 57 ),+ 5( 7 56 G,+ 5
4< ! -C 2 . U-< . 2 K$ 1-. R S &T4 (
3
$3 <% & 2 E -M0 / ( ,66+ g/cm 4< ! 6 ,D AgNO3 V &Q % & '
(Atomic weights: Ag = 107.87, N = 14.01, O = ? . J$ 1> +,++6 M % & B !& *+,+
16.00).
6*,( 5* D,6 57 6 ,( 5 ( 68,G 56 6(,( 5
3 7
<% & 2 E -M0 / ,6+)) g/cm 4< ! (8,+ ( NH4)2SO4 V &Q % & '
? . J$ 1> +, 6+ M % & B !& )* $ 3
(Atomic weights: N = 14.01, S = 32.06, O = 16.00, H = 1.008).
*,78 5* 8,G6 57 *,D( 5( G, D 56 ),)( 5
B !& 6*+,+ $ 3 <% & 2 E -M0 / ,*+ g/ml 4< ! 7),+ HI V &Q % & *
(Atomic weights: H = 1.008, I = 126.9). ? . J$ 1> ,*+ M % &
7G,+ 5* D8,+ 57 ) ,D 5 ( +G 56 +6 5
4< ! -C 2 . % & 2 K$ 1-. R S &T4 8
3
% & 2 B !& -M0 / , G g/cm 4< G,+ ! -C Pb(NO3)2 V &Q % & '
? . J$ 1> +, 6* M % & B !& 6*+ $ 3 <
(Atomic weights: Pb = 207.2, N = 14.01, O = 16.00).
7G,+ 5* 7G,) 57 7D,* 5( 7),6 56 78,8 5

3 )
2 E !& -M0 / ,6+)) g/cm 4< (8,+ ! -C ( NH4)2SO4 V &Q % & '
? . J$ 1> +, 6+ M % & B !& )*,+ $ 3 <% &
(Atomic weights: N = 14.01, S = 32.06, O = 16.00, H = 1.008)
8,D6 5* 8,7+ 57 G,68 5( *,D( 56 ),) 5

3 G
<% & 2 B !& -M0 / ,66+ g/cm 4< 6 ,D ! -C AgNO3 V &Q % & '
? . J$ 1> +,6++ M % & B !& *+,+ $ 3
(Atomic weights: Ag = 107.87, N = 14.01, O = 16.00).
D,) 5* D, 57 6+,8 5( ),( 56 G, 5

1-. R S WX B !@ J< 1-. R S &T4 D

2 !@ J< / B !& *++,+ $ . ! R S HNO3 ( 15.8 M ) V &Q % & B !& + < I< '
(Atomic weights: H = 1.008, N = 14.01, O = ?3 -"0 % &
16.00).
+,*++ 5* +,6*+ 57 +,( 8 5( +,7*+ 56 +,()* 5
 2+ 6+
/3 U-. J$ B ,++ - ' < ZB #M;M E ,7G* %Y < & Mn V &Q % & '
? 34 0 !@ J< % & / B !& *++,+ $ .! RS % & 2 B !& +,++
(Atomic weight: Mn = 54.938).
-3 -4 -4
1) 0.0506 2) 5.06×10 3) 5.41×10 4) 0.0253 5) 2.53×10
% & !@ J< / . ! R S B !& )*+,+ !@ J< $ 6,+ V &Q HCl < I< ' B !& 6*+ 6
(Atomic weights: H = 1.008, Cl = 35.45). ? 34 0
+,G++ 5* +,*++ 57 +,7++ 5( ,++ 56 +,8++ 5
< % & JB & 1-. R S 66

? -M: J$ 1> +,6++ M % & B !& 6*+,+ $ .! U [ AAgNO3 ,*) M % & B !& -M0
(Atomic weights: Ag = 107.87, N = 14.01, O = 16.00).
(6,) 5* ( ,G 5 7 6D,( 5( (+,6 56 ((,G 5
? 1> +,+*+ % & B !& *+,+ J$ .! U [ Pb(NO3)2 +,87 M % & B !& -M0 6(
(Atomic weights: Pb = 207.2, N = 14.01, O = 16.00).
6,D 5* (,D 57 7,7 5( 7,) 56 (,( 5

? 1> +,7++ % & B !& 6*+,+ J$ .! U [ *,G HNO3 V &Q % & B !& -M0 67
(Atomic weights: H = 1.008, N = 14.01, O = 16.00).
8,)G 5* 8,(( 57 8,*D 5( *,G( 56 8,+* 5
4< ! -C JB & 1-. R S 6*
$ . ! R S 1> < I< / , G g/ml !B ;0 () ! -C HCl B !& (* < I< '
(Atomic weights: H = 1.008, Cl = 35.45). ? 34 0 !@ J< % & / B +, 6*
(,D* 5* D,+* 57 7,6+ 5( (,8+ 56 (,(* 5
4< 3P&Q 2 . B 2 K$ 68
3
? 34 0 % & 2 B /-. ! , 88( g/cm A( C3H8O3 ) % 4 &E ! 87,+ % & ' 4<
(Atomic weights: C = 12.01, H = 1.008, O = 16.00).
G,6 5* D,( 57 8,D 5( G,) 56 ),8 5
%Y U-< . 2 K$ B 6)

\ &: E *+,+ 2 T\ : < I< ' / . ! 3\ U JS 0 :3 ] U ' A C8H10N4O2 A2 T\ :

? 2 T\ : E -M0 < I< 2 / . J$ % +,D78 % & $ U-.
(Atomic weights: C = 12.01, H = 1.008, O = 16.00, N = 14.00, Cl = 35.45).
+,D78 5* 7,)( 57 D, G 5( 7),( 56 D,78 5
2 & < ! E !& (),6 < I< ' / . ! U [ !M. 0 1 M^ < U _^ A C8H8O3 A2 & < 6G

? 34 0 2 & < B /3 U-. ( C6H5 )2O A $ M\ E !& *(,

(Atomic weights: C = 12.01, H = 1.008, O = 16.00).
,7+ 5* ,G+ 57 ,8+ 5( ,D* 56 6,++ 5
1#M 4< ? 34 0 C6H6 1#M B !& 6++ A C2H5OH HB $ E 6* .% & ' B 6D

(Atomic weights: C = 12.01, H = 1.008, O = 16.00). /-. ! +,G)D g/ml

+,86 5* 7,* 57 (, 5( +,7* 56 +,( 5
 4< 2. B 2 K$ (+

? 34 0 % & 2 B /3 , 6D g/cm3 K2CrO4 +,G)6 M ! > % & ' 4<

(Atomic weights: K = 39.10, Cr = 52.00, O = 16.00).
,*+ 5* +,D+D 57 +,+D+D 5( +,G)6 56 +,6(6 5

JB & ` a\ 4 " (
? ` a\ 2 a 2 K !B 4: U-. U JB & ' -:
o o
1) 0.01 X(NaCl) at 25 C 2) 0.008 X(CaCl2) at 25 C 3) 0.02 X(sucrose) at 15oC
4) 0.008 X(CaCl2) at 50oC 5) 0.01 X(NaCl) at 50oC

? ` a\ 2 I: 2 K !B 4: U-. U JB & ' -: (6

o o o
1) 0.01 X(NaCl) at 25 C 2) 0.02 X(sucrose) at 50 C 3) 0.01 X(NaCl) at 50 C
4) 0.008 X(CaCl2) at 50oC 5) 0.008 X(CaCl2) at 25oC

? ` a\ 2 a 2 K !B 4: U-. U JB & ' -: ((

o o o
1) 0.02 X(NaCl) at 25 C 2) 0.03 X(sucrose) at 15 C 3) 0.02 X(NaCl) at 50 C
4) 0.005 X(CaCl2) at 25oC 5) 0.005 X(CaCl2) at 50oC

d c"< I < c"< 2 K$ $;B :b (7

6*+ U E (+,+ . !B & I < c"< - M: /3 \ Q3B HB Q ' NH2CONH2 A U

(Atomic weights: C = 12.01, H = 1.008, O = 16.00, N = 14.00). ? => E

6,76 5* (, 6 57 ,G8 5( 7, 6 56 (,)6 5

6*+ U E (+,+ . !B & d c"< - M: /3 \ Q3B HB Q ' NH2CONH2 A U (*

(Atomic weights: C = 12.01, H = 1.008, O = 16.00, N = 14.00). ? => E

++,6 5* +6,+ 57 + ,* 5 ( +6,* 56 + ,+ 5

JB & d = e f "< 4 " (8

? d c"< 2 M X JB & ' -: (8
1) 0.012 m Ce(NO3)4 2) 0.015 m (NH4)2SO4 3) 0.030 m KNO3
4) 0.012 m ScCl3 5) 0.020 m NaCl

? d c"< 2 $ JB & ' -: ()

1) 0.012 m (NH4)2SO4 2) 0.02 m KNO3 3) 0.02 m NaCl
4) 0.012 m ScCl3 5) 0.012 m Ce(NO3)4

? = e c"< 2 M X JB & ' -: (G

1) 0.006 m Mg(OH)2 2) 0.005 m Na2SO4 3) 0.01 m NaCl
4) 0.01 m sucrose 5) 0.008 m CaCl2