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Editor - Tapaswini
Flat No.- SA5
Sowpurnika Anand Appartment
Sompura Gate Bus Stop
Sarjapura Road, Bangalore, Pin - 562125
Ph : 9036004177, 9945855225
email : editor_tapaswini@onlineodisha.com
www.onlineodisha.com
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LDV, km d] hi ]_e [cc_ ja D`y[ ekèm
c Mj ka @ah jL\ [ Ha Lk ka_, L[]_
dZ bNaL c L`fe mM kBR LH SZ? kD[cc_ dDR d] d@
Ac ba\m ]` mbm af dè `Me kB
Sf, a`* c e H `Me[ [* e mba jc D`N[e
jQ_ ]DR [Z Ac èe b[e AmQ_ Le\m -
a`, AD @]_e @[\, [Z j d[L ]_ aqR @[
j[L ]_ Ac [* Lè jae A[\[ ]Bèa

j L\ Q Lea j^_ J jbc_ _B Sa_ je SB
Aj\a a` @[ hi ckr e _ba d j @akf[
kBNm am
Ac d[è_ Q Lm [* AahL ja
dNBa `B c[ a` SVf @\Q ye @aye ekNm
Ac Ah Le\a jc D`N[ kabf lZ jca_ c^
]h_ \m Hc[ @aye Ac @a AD L[]_ RV _B
èa? RV e \m c^ NLe e S& f RX_\m RX _\m
a a`* e S& f c `[ ce c_jL @ayL WL e`
`Y _B\m j c[ Lkm- c_`L@ JmX HS kc
j`L[ LZj LkZ Lc _VL ]Mm [c baàZ
kB j aw*e j_c_* @bh` ]D\m c j[af
c^ [cL Lk\m baàZ _kB aa[L NkZ Le
dD a` `mc_* cZi Leae j` ]M [* cZi
LeR, Xe, BS_ e LeBR Ha jc_ a]he
@ay`[ kBR , jc_* k[e L'Z H[L jc J
j^_[ @R d jc_ Aj D`y[ ekèa a`cA* e
awaye d[ J ][ _aL [Z jc_ NkZ
Le_BR JmX HS kcL, dDVL Qec AahL Laf
_k j[ c^ c_Le [c AS LZj Sm e Lme L
Hj.`. kB\A, H NLee [c d[L RV _Bèm,
è\A L _B jW [c j Me Laf aè ]
_\ \A ][e ] c^ ml Le\a d[ja
aX aX mLc_ ceR awLS_[ eNe, cmafL
]O jc ê jc_ \A _jkce LeZ LR @\
a_ce [* e `mc_ jaL Le\A , _Q[
jc_* `Me L'Z H[ jc @R aj a`cA* e ja
LeaL?
L\V @` mN\m c^ j[ am c D`ma^
Lm a`* e TX èj j$ Le `[Ld Leae ^d
ê ê Ac b[e hi kB Aj\m , L j` jL
c e \a a`* _jkce br Lm bf ` a ]m,
j _ D`ma^ Lea HBV [* e AeN Lc_ `B
11
àj JXA* @ee je

_k ae ][ ke Leae ak_VH bVcVe
ceae cke [ `\c ]_e Ac jc* e jk ` aL
j `[M_ Lea jk AD Ma @]_e A iL _B Oe
_RXaL _ r _BR
_Se J _S `[c_* e NLe e a[ ]hB cLf
dB\a j_bB ]BSZ d]J NmdB\m, L cLf
è_\m _S _Se _[L ] [ aê [Z ` `[] _
\e ]B\e Vm$ _ Le `Ne aT a`* e jyay
a`* e ]k Lc[ @R? `Nea af NVH ALf AaN
]h jc_ c_ b[e jc_* e \H H`V Dre cf
L- AD _k, Sc ]_ L ]B]_, NVLA `LBmZ,
hi jce d] ]Mae Bo @R NmAj c[ jc[
LZj Dre _`B y[ay aS ekR hZ j`V jc_*
c_ Acf ka jk Lk - L'Z AD Lea S_ c[ [
Lke k[ L\ _k, ] _ci \m `Z, _ _B è
S eZ a`* e AD L[]_ bNae @R LH SZ?
H`V Dre \a- a`* e L[]_ bNae @R
L\ _k, Ace L[]_ bNae @R jL\ ba

k- jBV k j[L\ `L[ e a` [ bN_k,
bNR Acc_
a`* `B ]_ ]ae aay LeaL?
L'Z AeN Lc_ Le _ c[ `B?
AeN L'Z AD jca, Ha Laf [* e c[
Lc_ Lea L\
k- c a H aie aTaT Le\m, c[ aY aY
mLc_ D`]h ]m jye ye @ay dc[ ekR
]_ _Bje d] ah]_ aqda [a èae `B l[
[a L'Z LedB èa?
Laf cf[ `\_VH- Ye aqmZ a`, Ha [c
AcL c ]@ Lk [c La da- La da a`? aj
Che _k a` d] `\_ hZ [a Ac Dwe `Bda
aj Lm_, eDeLm
12
àj JXA* @ee je
cVe ck
N `M a[ `XA
e NV SL mL SckB\
NL c AjR [* j= e [* e LZj Qm Nc
j= e `mj NX, V.b. J MaeLNS e`Ve c
LkR HW NV aX LeM_ ajBa LD a]h
L`_ [Z [cc_* H N RX daL `Xa H\e LR
a kae _k jeLe [cL OeY@ a]fe Oe J SN
]a l[è Z a][L HLml mMH V* [ RX `[L
èaee SZL LeM_e NLe ]a WL j[L afL
ae^ ]f amH `kqNm Nmm j`la] J a`la]*
b[e àf d[L, L\ LVLV dc[ k km a^_jb
J `mce Nm ]aLe H ja hZ hZ kW[ QLe
Le DWm, ""eM k [c LeM_ `f kBNma c H
SNRX da_ LH NV dL c^ Lk da_k Ac
j[èi* bVcVL RX Ac LAX da_ Ac HBW
S_ kB\m, HBW cea H ]h Ace, H N Ace,
]Ma AcL HW LH ake Lea '' `mW aYdH jc
]aLee L\L jc\_ Lm ]aLeL be A]e Le
jc a`] A`] af jb* `Me RX kH j HB
dc[ Lke T@ akOe V* `Bj @bae kBè_ [
]aLe jkde k[ aYH LkL XeM_ _ae @R
[ MS`X ]aLeL Ne LH ceNm [ ]aLe
`kqdH Lue Lu chB Lce mN`X e[ @^
_k, ]_ ]` k e _k d[af ]aLeL MSa j La
LZj\e `RL kVdH _k HB ]aLe k[`Ba
]_We a`L ]M_ a` [e ]]_ MVaL Nm d
HdH $ em_ [ aD ]hai [f `SA AM ]BV
aS ]m [ aè $ ea aVL Nk Nk aD \m af
dk ]'@le `Ya `B j m dB\m aj [è [
hc[ jeS_ ]j
`W`Ye Xe au km j cVL]@ b[e kSNm

[ `m]_ AD AS cZi bf cZiV kB WA kBR
_S èhc e
c* L\NXL [' c b[e `h_ LeZ j
bmbae HB bfA _[ cc_* L\ SZR Mm
L\e Lk L Lce LR _k [Z j `XA RX
13
àj JXA* @ee je

NmA
jm ]è aj bakm `R]_NX L [' aD
Lk\m [ a` Hc[ LD LeM_e Lc LeaL Nm
d AD $ em _k HB mLNXL Mm Nea* hiZ
Le j dka kBdD j HWe LeM_ ajBaL
]a_k L _S Oe NL RX da_k [ aàD \m
AS ]M [* `@ èy[ ANe c _AB _k Nm
j_ ahMe j k[L ]Bk[ kBR Lcf eè
dc[ NZe jc[ be mlc jH OeL Ajm è
j ]BV af], NVH NC AZ Nkfe auR ]'cZ
Sce jc ch j_ $ fBR ]ke eL Tf
LeR [' Oe`B [' Sc`B [' a` SSaè e
mNR H Oe Hc[ RXNmda [L HB L\ba [
AMe _NX `X\a ]BV` mkL Lue NcRe `R
`LBm jW DW `Z NmAjm `XA AXL NdLe
`mW aYdH jc* HLW Le jeLe aew e Atf_
QfBm jc_* e Atf_ [ Sa_SaLL _B [L
RX ]m jc_ aqa Lc[? j]_ c _[ jc_*
ak[ aTjT Le $ eNm Hk LR] _ b[e jeLe*
[e$ e @_L `[_^ H NL AjR km LR aTcZ
kBè_k jeLe [ Q` kB ajeka mL _k
_ ]_ ]aLe ]Mm afL ]BV am XSe AD `Nh
jeL `mjam Ne kSe LR OeL b= jemZ
Lk `[a] Lm `mje mWcX Ha ]aLe Oee
`f j Oe b[e ]', LVe, LeY, $ j dk \m ê
Aj Lkm- ""LH a c OeL b= a, Aj [L HBW c
S@ `[ ]a '' [e H e` ]M `mjamH `RL
kVNm LR jc è `mj Hj.`. J [* Ne c
Aj `kqNm c Lkm, AD LR b= b= Le_k
d`d H NmL eS _k@ j `d AD Lk Oe
b= ka _k LeM_ aja ` a c^ yN[ eMNm
Ha [ [cc_ Mj _? L'Z LkR ]aLe; ]aLe Lkm,
[c HW LeM_ ajBa LkL ? [c a` SNe ajD_?
[c jW H.j. Oe aj O= X ce, HW NR LVa, S= m

j$ Lea AD Ac Nece jYa L'Z B[ MBa,
B[ `Ba, h........ Lka........ h........... AD LR _Lk @VL
Nm c ]aLee L\ SZNm HB LD`L ee mL
c_c_ bam `B NV LR D` Lea `B `Xa
c_ L\ c_e eM Lkm- Ae [cc_* bm `B [ c
Lk\m Ha d] [c _ NkR LeM_ kD am, [a
WL @R [cc_* `B [ c c kBR [ce dk ]a
c jeLe* SZBa [c @^Le `B c mYa [c ja
LR QLe _k c [c j= e @R Lk [ce L'Z ]eLe?
[* L\hZ j_A aXa` Lkm ce eh_ LX _k
ja[ MX Lkm, AcL a`Hm NDf cf_k [fjk
eOA Lkm, H[ai km c[ Bte Aaj cfm _k
]aLe Lkm [c [ Ace H @^LeL è Leè_ AD
LeM_e NLe L'Z ]a? _' OeY@ a]fe Oe ]a
ja Mm cR à^_ bV M `B Ace LR ]eLe
_k Ac HBW bme @R c jc* L\hZ Lkm,
_, Ha AD jc[ LR ka_k c [cL L\ ]DR
[cc_* e L\ c jeLe* _ SZBa km [cc_
LeM_ aie ADVL baa j]_ c $ eNm
daè Ne LR aLe daLc_* V* `Bj ]B c]
ÀB ]aLe aewe mNB]m j daè ae^
amH `kqNm ae^ ]fe _[ ]aLeL [mBaL
Q Lm [ ke k chBm LeZ ANL _aQ_
dLZj `Lee kD cMc QeV [* e ]eLe
jc_ dae ]B]_ è c* mL Aj ]aLe
Oe kSe Lkm, c [cL ba_he XLBR jW
[cc_* ]a aie AmQ_ ka N [e$ e [cL
XLdBR ]aLe Lkm, WL @R [c @`l Le c
AjR ]aLe jkeL da L\ hZ [' c_Lm Lkm,
ce [* Dè bej _k, L[af LD L\, [*
$ t$ Lee d] [cL $ jB]a, ce AD H Nbe
14
àj JXA* @ee je

aY\a RAe L'Z ka? Am [ jc[ LkL baR j
è Ac Ne c ]M_ Lc[ Oeb= AD LeM_
ajkaL at Le]BNm [ Sc Q Le_ c j&afL
$ eAja ja[ MX* Lk]BR j [ `M `M
eka Lk LcfL LfL ADSB _m Nmaf j_A
aXa`* Lk]B Nm- c XLR j ba_he dDR,
e[ ka ANe $ eAja j Nmè Ne a[e VL
]f* b[e SZ Lkm ]MRV N amH, H ]aLeV è
j\è, Ne Lc[ LeM_ ajB ]m_, ['e L'Z dDR
j'[ bme @R LeM_ kB\m Acc_* bN
a]f\A Acc_ NLe M [ `B\ km _
H ]aLe Sce LeB ]a_k, kB ]M_ NmZ Lc[
c `ML Ha [ j c* _SmL ['e L'Z @ja^ ,
dk bNa L\ [ Ac bNR _ e LR_ LR NV
aay LeaL `Xa , _ L'Z LkR bBc_ @_c_ ['
j= e je cfBm j_A aXa` Hja hZ LkmAe `mc_, [c jc[ LkL baR? j [ [cec_*
`B c* `ML dDR _km ['e L'Z LeM_ ajam
c_ @R [cc_ L'Z SZ_, j bLe ceda `RL
[' Oe, [' N RX j LAXL da_k Ace Bte Aaj,
a`Hm NDf HB\ `B [ j dBR H`V ]aLe dB
c* LVee `kqm c* mL [L ake aee
ajB ]m Lkm- [c HBW aj je cVe @R ,
[cL XLm da jLf dB ]_ ]`ke kmZ ]aLe
jc[ aj\H aQe bLe ADV `DV kmZ jLf
dk `Mf NH MB ake\m L j jWe DW
LAX dBè_, Lf c L[af XL]a AS
dc[ kD c* jk[ ]MLe $ eda [Z Lcfe
Hc[ @ay Hc[ ba ba [L _] mNNm LR jc
è Lk [L kmB ]ae [ _] b= Nm ]Mm c*
Oe SNAfV WA kBR j ]aLeL Lkm, je LkR
cMc* a= fe AS cV @R [c ANe dB ake

@`l Le\@, je `Re dB `kqa jBW [c N
aie AmQ_ ka j [e[e kB DWAja L'Z
c* L\ [' L_e `Xm LkL $ _ Le LkR hf NV _V mNBQ H\e [L `_ ]aL `Xa c
Hc[ NV `_ LeR _ AS ]Ma- _ eka aDh, _
aSa aBh Lk $ _ eM]m ]aLe j L\e LR
@ `Bm _k AD j aie c _ MfB akem
cMc* a= fAX jWe `kq @`l Lm c*
@Ô è è c* NXV a= f b[e àh Lm
j [L XLa Lk b[eL Nm ]aLe ake @`l
Le\H c_c_ ba\H L[af [L XLe Aja
Hkb[e ]_dB e[ kmZ ALhe [ec_ $ V mZ
j a kB`X a= f b[eL daL akem L `mj
aac_ [L RX m _k d[ _ke km c^ jc_
[ L\ hZm _k c [L XLR LkaL jc_
Lkm- hf L $ e c XLR , d d `fHW
j[afL ]aLee `[ c DèL QYNmZ j `Me
`X\ a `\eVH AZ Ma See SZ `mja me ce
`V ]m d j SZL eSXa X kB jBW `XN m AD
Ha j \_ kS[e Ne [Z Lcfe `@VH kBR
L j Mj kBè_ ]aLee LR Mae _k Aj
]B]_ kmZ `VL ['e ]_VH dD_, e[]_ Mm
LtR [ @ay ]M ja[ MX Lkm- Am [ Hc[
_MBm _`Bm j RAVe L'Z ka Lkm? [ Sc a
k@_, AD ]B]_ @`l Le d[af j H[aVL
dBR jaL\ _ Lkm `d j L'Z $ea `m cmL,
[* e [ L[af $ ej[ _\a [* jc ja^ ]M[
j Lka ek c AS c `@ NatL ba_he `WDR,
jH [ Mae aTAja
Nat ba_hee `kq SZm ]aLe Sme
15
àj JXA* @ee je

@R [ j= e ]MLm [L ]M ]aLe Lt`LB
Lkm- [' L\ Lk hZ_k c c^ \eVH [L
]MLeaL Ajm _k c Ha L'Z Lea j `mjV
ceda am c L'Z SZ\m [ L\ hZ `Me aj\a
L_afV Lkm- L'Z SZè_ [c c Lc[ L mL?
ja `_ [ [* e c [* kX kX QkR, L c L\
LH hZa [fW DèdH [ jc NVH mDe c&
HL\ hZ ]aLe c V TH TH kBNm c_`Xm
j]_ c $ _e Lk jk[ L'Z NVH `_ L\
Lk\m Ha j ja aTèm Nat [ ba_e
` o] VZ Lkm [e `@ kBRe ]aLe bB [
L\ hZ ]aLe AMe ]BW` mk _NX `Xm AMe
mkL `R j Lkm- [ VL LcfL AD c `@L AZ
Aja [L c \e Mm AMe èB ]Ma j`V
`mj aa SZ Lkm, ]MLeae jc jeNm Nat
NcRe AM `R `R Sme ake Ajm N mL

SZm ]aLeL ASa_ Le] kBR jc_* ANe
c* @jm e`V MmNm km jc_ L'Z ]aLeL
Sme cLf B èa? L j Aec Le\a jNc [ Se
eMèa k jBA k km OeYk, ^_Sc `mj*
akaf ]e b= Do_ Le]ae D]cL jc_ `[ e^
Lm Ne `mW _B aY `d, T@ ak* We _B
aY `d jc `hj_, ]mm bf c _[c_*
QLa k b] LeaL Me, aie `Xe km [* jeLeL
Q[B ]aL `Xa AMe mkL JWe `B, L_e `R
Lcf RAVL ê jNce jcm kBNm [L ]aLee
j` jLe LeaL `Xa dk`B j Sa_L `Z RXB
]BR Sme @ueA LWee
aj Lm_, eDeLm
16
àj JXA* @ee je
j
dD cRV ha AMe _] kSB ]BR [_ e[
km, [L @jk c_jL dZ ]DR, AO[ ]DR,
a[a LeR HB [_ ]_ ka, dD]_ cRV Lk\m
['e èZc Hè b* e [\ LeZ ka A] L_
Le_\m j j ]_ ae H cR[ [ `B AahL \m,
_[ `S_ \m j bm ba SZ\m d, aak[,
jc è[ jte da[VHL @aak[ am SZm k
Lk NLe M H ]a Ha j[af ['e HB NLe ML
_[ See \m, _S `B d[ _k, _S Sa_ jk SX[
AD HL Sa_ `B [Z j[af j cRV [L WL
mN\m, bm mN\m Ha j cRV dN ['e bai[
Sa_V jel[ kBè\ae, j [L _B ji `LV
Le\m , [ _LVe _Se L[s[ `Lh Le\m c[ AS
jB cRVe Nf[ hae be [L @__hj Le]DR
AD èa_ jQ[ d[af aak `B à eM jemZ
H\eL, [L ['e aa[L cL fB ]aL `Xa , [ Sa_
` LL Mm ]aL `Xa [* ANe [ZL [* Bo,
[* _ r dk [_NLe HL _Sj ka, èm jLe
_a ha, c[ _ èm _S aa[ jk jmj Le
èa_ LZjc[ AD HL j`L NYa `B j [
aa[, [ arc_ Sa_ jk @_au[ j`LVL [VB
]Bèa_ A]
ha ja j[L\ Lk]B\m jQ[ ANe NLe V
`B Laf cRVH LkR j[L ` k Laf ['e D~h
\m c[ [è j ]k* cê dD @_eNe aSV
@* eR, j`Le O_ [ aYDWR, [k jc Lc J
jbaL ba j\`B è Q[_ @aQ[_e j _SL
A[^Le _LeR, jc @jce aaLe ]h_ d [L
l[, e _ LeR [ _k km La a j[ `Lh
]ae jdN VH `B_k AS`d c[ AS j Lk]a
c[ ck
d Laf jc è[ _k, [e j_VH c^ @R Ha

jk j_ k ['e aa[, ['e @_ HL au_ [Z d]
jQ[ [ j_L A`ZB èa Laf, j [* jk dX
kBèa @_\ @jca jQ[ * jk Hk ]Baie j`L
cê [* ba, AaN ja @e= mNR haL ah je
NeV @_Lf `Z`N `B ê ê jh kae c
VLR bc Dè [\` jQ[ aa[ jk jc_ jc_
kaè [* `[L e k èM èa ha [ ahje
_@ L[ cSa[
j]_ hae @_eê jQ[ Aj\ m [' OeL
LaV Mm ajaL Lk ha b[eL NmdB\m b[e
LR lZè `We mD Le AZ\m [' `@L, Lkm ]M
jQ[ c `@ "j` ' ]M ]M j _S aja y_e j[
DW`X\m jQ[ QcL`X H L'Z ]MR j LZj
cZi RA `Z H[ L[ , L]Le, ab, b* e kBè?
mccf ja V* e DW\m [* e H[aX cVH ce
WH WH ]BNeV af Ojè WA, WH è Mm c
]B`Ve ]BV L_ DèL VL kB ekR ]BV h+
è AM ]AV aX aX Yc Yc, Nm ]BV è N[A
]k dL HX HX mc c* X bf ' _ `Z j`
@_je `Ve ake `Xm jQ[* e "J NX ! k mLj
j @Nm BV BS S _jHV AB L_ _V VmeV
BV BS B_`ja_ @_ cB `V V `m @_ (Le@_)
g\ kc ' `S ha c[ lc Le]@ c èa_ [* e
H _ e aa[L c Laa ce jamf Sa_ jk jcm
Leèa_k ae Ac]k èee au kB ekda
QeLf, c[ c `[h [ c $ eB _DR ]Le c[
lc Le]@
_S j `[ Hè k_ ^Le[L ca hZ ha
c_e b* e `[L e [a SAe DW\ m a j d\jca
17
àj JXA* @ee je

_SL jd[ Le_B\m LeZ `\c[ jQ[ ['e @_][
][[ j AS`d ['e H aa[L mNBR [* W
cR Lk HZ ]i `L[e ['e jee jbaL _c[
[f ha Lk\m, _ jQ[! [ce lc cNae `h k
DW_k LeZ [c k ]i Le_ [c LR ]i Le_,
bm Le_ Ha [c dk Lkm [k [ce jbaL `[L
aa[e _ e ê Hc[ L[L[ baàZ[e
kcf b= eS \ae, L[L[ `[s, `[h[ `Z
$ VL è cfB dae _Se @R ]e à[e jamf
jtde bc, _LVe `kq ['e L* ef, el, @jte e`
]Ma è k [V \H WL jc[ c aa[L ]Ma
è [ce ck b= OVR Hk OVa, H\`B ce `Lc_jL ` [ c^ \m jQ[ Lk\ m, L ha c[
mNR [c @[ah baàZ kB`XR [c j_L _B
[ _km Hbf j_VL _S Sa_ jk Rt [L S_ ]a
Ha ['e mf_ `f_ `B _S Sa_e jM, jot, j`L
af `LBa LZj aaa] cZi `l [ L]` LeZ
_k j [c Sa_ `B HL @bh`, NVH caX aT
[c j aTe be AS`d akR Lc[, \LdD_?
ha kj\m, Lk\m, a`c'* `B [* j_ A]
aT_k j `B [ j La @bh` _k @_e
] e [kL L'Z ]MdBè, c[ j AMe [' j
Qe @__, jte, j` HL\ [c Ha aTèa_,
LeZ [c HdH j kB_k c[ dD]_ j `mVa,
dD ]_ _S heee @hahi je` [c j L [c _S
k[e RBa, AMe ]Ma, j]_ kH[ aTèa c
b e j[[ D`ma^ Leèa c @_bae ccL AD
j e _S `\c j `[ Hk ck ALiZ L ]af[V
jêZ[ VL @^L, VL Nbe, VL ah [a jQ[
Lkm, [\` ha ! jX a `LVLm ha Lkm,
[cL LH Lkm, dL `LVLm _k Ae HB [ ce
aa[ [L _B [ c aaa] k NbêZW S_
]a `d jc[L kH[ c baàZ k \m Laf, LeZ
j[af c' kae @]c BoV H[ ah Ao_ Le
eM\m d c[, `V b[e bZ heeL, aLf= kaL

kBR SZa, ce jk c[[e èc A_t VLL ` e
dD Bo, j ckL H h* L jh [VB è_\m
c[ S_]a è [L @akf Leae, @jk Le
`[M_ Leae a c[cML Wm ]ae ce LZj
_[L @^Le k _k [Z [L jLea, [ aa[L
_S aa[ jk auRt [' `[ ja_c ] [, Lra VLL
[ c [mDR Ha Hkk [ ce _oL aaa][? jQ[
Lkm, L'Z d LkR [c [k ce a^Nc[e èjc
ake? ha Lkm, a k@ _S j VH kBNm
_Se l] Lfae `[e ` VH ]Mm, _S j L h Lem
aTèa ja [a ]Bai ê c A[e akNm\a
HL caX @èê aT akae d c AS c `BR
j\`B c A_t[ Ha Laf c J c aa[, dk
c `B HL _e[ j[, [L _B aqa HZL cW
Lke LR Ah eka_ L ce LkW LR `Bae `[h
jQ[ da è ha ba\m , jQ[ L d Lk]mj km aTèa j e @__[L _S j L AMe
]Mm, k[e RBm D`ma^ Leèa j e j$ m,
j\L[, j` [, [k L'Z `L[e j[? d] [k j[
kB\A, [a [ jc [ j_e `[ @eat [ Lk
baakf kBèm_, au kBèm_ [* j [
LB [* ja= jte kB è] km_k? jH a [ _S
e, ad, Kej jcw j_L @bh` Lk è[N
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Leè_\m __] Xe èl_el è Xe Lk\ mSe N[ [V dN hae jbaL NbêZ jkS jca
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[a j j_ heeL aLf= ka _ Xe*
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cZe au $ = ]B\m _ehe @[f[f jNe alL Ha
haL aTB\m c' kae j`VL _]MaL LZj
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18
àj JXA* @ee je

aLf= j_VH j Le je Sa_L [* e _
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d ]Y, @aQf Aj_VH cXajR ha k]e, [k
jH aTa Lk? j d èi H[]_ è ha AS
aTè\m èi j J _e j cê \a $ eLV
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ak\a c[[e @jmf $ mN êV a^kH H[ ah
[a kH am a` @`l c @^L SX[ kB L L,
c_jL, AaNL, `\a, @`\a ja ee _S j_ jk[
_S j jk[
dD]_ @eat SZm ha j_ jca j[afL
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`]l` ([* ] e) `B [* j` ] Le\m Ha
hZB ]B\m _Se _ r, d] jy jte hhVH S_ _
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aTL, Lk]DR ASW ha _ea ek\m c_c_
ba\m , k _S j L AMe ]Mm, k[e RBm `[[ e
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@eat ba\m, baàZ[e j@e bjdB j_ ha
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j[af Hc[ HL @bhè c c[ LR a jc[
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j\e _B aqae S] ]M @eat RX NmdB\m
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['e ` , ['e a}[, Cì[ [L _B j SBa, SB
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jr ['W Sae] j [ j_ `B jk, am A]

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jk]_W [ amcc[e ctL_ ê akNmR
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j\e [ c_e dD `[L j km WL @_e` jc& j
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19
àj JXA* @ee je

kD`RL Q[V, @jte Lk L[ AO[ ]BR [L
c_jL ee [ _Sj, HL a N[ ba_e `\c j
\m [ `B @__
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AB Ac eHm je c[ lc Le] j]_ [ c_jL[L
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j` LR aT` e_\m, Laf [ c'e aLe k[ ]BVL
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j @jte `@L MV Dè ajB ]B [' `Me LNS
AZ \B, k[e ['e Q`_ êB ]B\m ha
j` Mje LNSe HZ[Z @* a* Ne NeB Mj
kD\m AD ha Mj kD\m [ j L ]M _S _S
j e jtde abe ]BV j * A[ HL @_aQ_
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20
àj JXA* @ee je
`m*
MBa-`Ba-ùa AD @j L[ bm bae
LedBè, `BjL aèg ba cSmje Lc[
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@NZe LcLV Le cjZ hhL We ]fc_ QDLe
aj\a jA be _Me LZe @[ jl ba cf
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cj`h` ]ke Nm\a akafèe bVL_ jV
dH N` \e @^ jA[ am[ dBR aLkc
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VL a AqX ]N Aj_ L'Z ja Lk _ Lè DXNm
L'Z ka L_ [ @R
j[e AS keaw_ j dc[ L_VH [* L\
ANbf `SS_ c_a[ ]ee L\ `[c Z L_Law_ c^
c_ _k _ c_ae a @_L ND ekR jA j_
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c]`Z, Lc_ `[ @^L ] ekm jA* e @^Lh
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21
àj JXA* @ee je

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[* e ah A_t Hc[ a akaf a` d[ Lkm
a jA LAX k[ Lc OXe _ aj ae `m* e
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kDm LuB cX dD\m Nayf ]Ne `m* e
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keaw_ j c~eS @_L jce `@ L_L daL akem
af `Ne a am ba c[ `Ne _è Q` ekdA
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`]NeZ LeR HB jce ]Mm NeNV NX Aj
j]e $ VL `Me mNm M`M` kB XB `X m `m
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j= jc_ @NZe RBNm S_i`[ [f eM
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dD\m ['e j[ LV[ HB_ jc a]fR ]c
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ckmL jV `B bX ]aè j_ jA
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22
àj JXA* @ee je

akZ a`c_ _S T@L `c cfL `@L ]aL ANbe
[kjm]e kBR, L'Z Nk mNR _ L'Z i a[_
j= L bm Dè S[ N[L LH `NeR ASLm hiL
ba_hee LD NV aaj `c cfL `@L LZ _m
ak [eM ` d_ d[L LD\e kf _k ba_he
eLXe Sc, _N] 30 ml, S_i`[, j_NkZ m
Lm jea_
`ce `@ je\ A^_L `m L èèa]
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hbd[ Aec ka 3 L.c. jW NXe dH dc[
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_, L'Z dB[B L\ kBR
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dc[ AS_e kf _kH jH dk a kD `m*
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ja_ LeR
23
àj JXA* @ee je
NmLae - Qt_hf
X. SN_\ `j] D]N[
be[aie B[kje NmL eSahe I[k Ha

èL @[f_ NmLc_* e eS^_ \m ASe
aSè Sme a]c, `VXLm J Ikme Hk [_V
y_e ha J a a j_[_ èèe @_L bd
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ja`jw NmM eS `mLh 2, SfL Dre
be[ jcV kiaw_* jk[ ckjNc Le [k* è
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jceM ba
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kBNm Ha [_ê `jw \m a]c (L VL) J
LmZ (cke ) NmLc_ HkRX @_L RVaX
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JXhe B[kje c^ NmL eSc_* e `^_
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cê SNck_ _cZ LeB\m NmLah _e`[ h
cLt keQt_, `q]h h[ve H[] a[[ JXh e hi
j^_ eS ba dD cLt ]a, cjmc_ Ha je= NXe
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k[ kB\m j c^ `L[ e NmL ah \m d]a
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je be[aie @][
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k _ [L dw Lea `B `Xa Qt_hf* e dS_
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24
àj JXA* @ee je

j âL Lr-_ Oe L _ OVL jc_ ]S
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j èar_ kBR h jce_L kjae S= , j ]
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j[ e LR cf_ \m cS$ $ eL
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Qe_ ALh c^ @_L mb Hk _c d, h
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akc_ j_ak_ Aj\ m, ALcZ c^ Le\ m
LqeS ]S hf LZj `[ e^ _Le j_ jk[ _Ne
RX `f_ Le\ m Ha [* jk[ jc NZc_ _NeL,
cjmc_* k[e _d[[ _ka `B L ]_]M
cS]ec_ _Ne RXa L'Z `B? jc_ [ jake
ake Ajm k e `h [Z kt a cjmc_ LZj
_e`[ jêZ MVMA mL* Dè LZj @[Ne
Le_k La a?
25
àj JXA* @ee je

cS$ $ e bf jêZ hcSae LZj LeZ _\m,
_Ne RX ]he ka`B akc_ j_ [ La a
SZ cjmc_L LZj c[ kBeZ Lea _k, ]Y ah j
cS$ $ ee
L bNe aXc_ akc_ j_c_ at Lm
cS$ $ eL _BNm L LZj @[Ne kB_\m [
Dè j ek\m @ce LH]e ja jM, jot [k
`B aay LedB\m
LeZ - @_L Nbe
LfLc cS$ $ e aTèm @jm LeZ H\e
@bd_e ]f`[ \m hkS] akec S= j dwd[
Lea jce j= e \A ]h ae SZ aNc H\e
aNc* jk[ \m [* bN hkS] jea_
ckeS ]S hf _Ne è[N Le `f_ Lea
è jcN Lq_Ne HLae h, @_`]a akc_
jm[_* S__ J bN jea_ ]kel Ha atc_*
NkZe akem _Ne bcZ _c jc ]h_ y_ [
]Mm L jaè hkS] ]MaL `Bm ]Se
]L_e jmBe[ HL jè i j km cS$ $ e `\c
]h_e hkS] ]m ]B ajm jB @SZ èiL
cS$ $ eL ge= m _BdB, ckjceke bDZ
jk[ _ k LeB\m akec S= h]e d[L kjae
j]_ cS$ $ e `Bm ]BV M[a NVH _ce ANe
j ] Ha _ hie S= @je` kBNm QYBjafA a_Nm `S`[
jm[ _ ak]e* SB L@Z ]SNe Lea? HAX
cS$ $ ee Rq êa RX AD LZj Bmc _k hie
cS$ $ e S= br km j_]fe NVH RV
c_ja]e `B èc Ad- $ Se ìL ùa
è, cS$$ee AD NVH e` A A `Lh `Bae
mNm RV aX `[L jtbe j [ke `[b e èQ
]aL mNm `[L S= e Scm kaL mNm
cS$ $ ee HLNVA $ fe ]hai _èZ j ]
cS$ $ e S= ak]e, akc_ eSe j`k jme jm[ _
akec hk* è à[ _ ]S cS$ $ e eSe Dm cmL

Lq @bd_e jc j_ak_e _[ cS$ $ e
S= mYBL akea jce jm[_ \pe Lkm""dJ ak_B, [ke ]SL ]L_ bX L j\ DMX Le
m AJ ge= m L Qe ` eMg m= _L L
j\ '' bNe aXc _ - akc_ jm[ _* A]è i \m
SZ akZ Oe NC SNAf, j`k jme \m SZ ]S
jc L afa_ _k j[e
B[cê N[ ]hai cê Lqe @_L OVZ
OVR ckeS ]S hf ]kel LejemZ Ha
jkj_e [j `[ Qt_hf aj a^kH cS$ $ e*
`M`M HB a[h a QD[h [* e Lhe Ha `L
da_ LV R Dr e `\ e Sy_ J `q_]e
eS]eaec_* e jWe @ay_ jce Qt_hf
jc @[ak[ LeR dw Lhfe _[_ Lf AkeZ
Lea _c `[ eSe @NZ j__Lc_* jk[
au[ y`_ Le, [* e hi[ NkZ Le _[_ Lhf, ak
eQ_, @Nf_, `l`Z J `[eê Lhf ja Ar
LeR ALcZ[L jNce @L[ j_ _B TVL
bf h[ Dè ALcZ Le Lè aS kjm LedBè,
j Lhfe arc_ Lqe da _e`[ @][ je
be[aie @[f_
`Z \e akc_e ALcZ
NQeWe jc] `B Qt_hf WL LejeR [*
`[ele èL_ `[, `[ck* bf j @`l Le
ajeka _k AN[e `[ e^ Lea Hè y_e dw
Aec Lea, dDW d] a èS kH, jc_ c[ mLl
ka Hè HL @_Lf y_ j Aa e LeR haSV
Nej* Ve èar Lfe, `fL bL` $ fe j
jDn `kX b= Qece kBdBR [e ]h j`
a]fdBR- HL\ j[ [a, Ha c^ y_ _fNe
ajtc_ _fNe à[hZe HL @he HL] @ay[
Qt_ ]egSe y_ A[hOe jk ]MB ]@ Ne
j* Ve ja `Q_ _c L \m ""_tL ]egS'' _V
26
àj JXA* @ee je

è a]fNm Qt_hf* e ak_ Dè _ [L bak
dw dN jBV \m akc_ cjmc_* e Lq Dè
jahi @bd_
à[ Dè RX kB [fL Nkm c_ka, _tL
]egS NVH jL `[fh Lte- haSV à[e
`]]he Lte b[e RX kB DèL Nk m c_ka
j[ dè c Dè @ab ` ee NVH R[ j[V
d L'Z [k Nbe ahiZ Lm aTka aeV R[
NVH d] c Dè \A [a [ Hk jX= e OV
\A Oe @c @uLe @\Q, ]k c_ h LeR NVH
jN^ AmL Hk AmLe D L _f ALhe jd
@_L `\e QVZe `\c aoe[, è `[$ f[ J
`Qj e[ kB jd mL jN ^ kB Hk Ne Ltee àh
LeR @\[ c Dèe è R[ b_ b_ y_e aM[
`L[ e A`Z MAme
jk R[k_ jX= e ]Bêe `kX DWdBR
]B`V MX Lxbf jk [M Lxe c^ j_jcahe
d jdN @R jV ANe L SZ\m? @[ ckeS
Qt_hf* e ]e] @_ Lk Q Leè_\m LeZ
D` j[e _\m `kXe Lx 2V \m _eV cjZ J
_eu L ............
B]_ j D` Da_ LeR Qt_hf
jc ai F[e haSV à[hZL OiZ
LedBR _iwqf e` je ]he Hè HL LkZ
`Ne LedBR- dk ^c` Z kt` S c_ La a @ah j
Leèa _k, è Nbe hw J be aNf[ kBda
[]è LkZ Dè j& c^ ùB ]AdBR, `jw
j^, j_jc_* e A]h am d\, Hk A]h @cL
h*eNd , @cL jwdN, @cL @a^[ a èa SL jQle
]M ]B@R [Z H[NXH j^jx*e _ce ac è^_
Le d[af ^c` Z jêZ kt` S c_* _LVe `Ne [
km, [k Dè d Ay _ eMa j [ c_i `]aQ
_k, HL _e^c, `` [k`B c[è eea _L
N[
jc S_jêZ a_ ]^ e ah j Le@R S_ea

Hk d, Hk aiLfe haSV `kX Ltee ha-]N * e
_b[ mf J cf_ kD@R HBV @[ aef OVZ \e
j[dNe kB\m LrL* e S_ ANe Ha Oe
LfLfe `Z \e j mf NmR `b ck]a* e
coda_ c_* Lafe be[ai ]abc el Lea `B
S_ _a ADS_ ][e- ]a j_`[ jc ^c`Z
kt j\_c @`le[
ahj LeR ktc_ haSV à[ AX Lk
dD_k b, Lf ha* Lè Lt` è bj
kBda Lf _t, bL V ]BSZ ^B Aj [h f bi ]a
]ke AD jB @ajee _tL ]egSe cjZ
Lxe............
Lx MfdB @jM M` [Ae kBR M`NXL
cke `[f LWe Y* Z e= Hè ba LedBR d,
`kX Lxe e= jk[ LZj `\L SZ`X _k
haSV ]NL ai ê LZj kt Aj_k HL\
hZ jeR jm[_ akec S= , j`k jme cS$ $ e
S= Ha [MX ja]e, c_j a]ec_ kcX NcX
@ce, Dcek c_ ge= me aj aj hg_ah
c_* We hZR ck Awe A f_ LeR Ae,
[* e LB ]a[* Ac \X ègk Le L$ e
c_ Aj_k [ _ Aj La jc_ H Oqa_L
Aj\ m? ]B[_ h[v ê _tL ]egS b[e Ace [
@a^ N[? LH eLèa?
Smje _tL ]egSe àh Lm akc_
j_ak_ `mV_ cTe Aea OX `W e j`k jme
j] cS$ $ e S= ak]e ] NkZ, ]Y_[ aea`,
e` ]Ma bf
]_]_- Am k ALae Smj ]B akc_
jm[_* e j[e kSe `mV_ àh Lm _tL ]egS
Ne Ltee ]YLh mc Ne jX= j_c_* e $ S
Vè e= e mm mm NV `mV_ `kX Mme
A A SZ ]BSZ Le ANB NmR HL jk[
27
àj JXA* @ee je

[_SZ Nma `B [ SN _k H\e ]egS V` Mm
SNL `] aYDR `\c ]B ANAf j`k jk
jce ALjL L a] e ceZL kpNf è ckr e
[k èar[ km j[e kSe j`k J j_`[c_* e
Ar_]e
`\e-`\e Mm `\e a @NZ[ `\e ai kDR
j`k c_* Dè `kX Mme $ S V` ù `[L
c Q aQ j`k jme j ] cS$ $ e S= c^
a] dB_k j[e kSee j[SZ j`k c^ el
`B_k j]_e @à eZLhfe Lk $ e_k
eS^_ ge= mL
Hkè akc_ eS Nk Ltfe `qbNe ab
kBNm jk `q _aS[Lc_* cê Lk km `_
Lq ALcZe w ]MBè_k La a
NZc Lqaj [k* ae _`[* e Hk @_a]
aSe j[ el _c _tL ]egSe _[_ _cLeZ
Lm Qt_ ]egS `SLf* e hw J Aye A[
_a]_e `cZ
AB_ @â, a= me
28
àj JXA* @ee je
a a ^c J ]h_e h SN_\
XLVe ]N câ `
SN_\ LtL a aê JXh e _Sj ^c Hke

jc_ [L ahS__ A]h, Hke h , c[, `[e aZ
jcN ahe ] ALiZ LeR dN dN ê JXhe HB
_Sj a a ^c êe hae, a]L (akZ), aw,
S_, ha, h, _\ J hw b êe jL[ ek\m
c^ SN_\ HLL bae akZ, aw a [L ^c êe
]a[ kB ek_k ""JXh e ]MdB\a ^ce __
O[ `[O [ ]e AL[ J `_eL[ kB JXA
c_êe
aXWLe e` j h[v h[v ê `S `BAjR (1)
JXhe Hk _Sj a a ê (SN_\^c) ja ^cc[L
jLe Le D]e[ `]h_ Le\m c^, _Sj êVL

@`[k[ eMR HB jc_ [L jaS__ A]h k[
è irc SN_\ J [* e l[ ab_ j`]e j^L* e
_cj e` @]a^ Laf be[ LkL , jcN ah e `[ [
kBR
ab_ ^c c[a]e cf_ `de Ace `qjM
ab_ ^cc[ j`Le Aj, jNXLe ANe jLe
Le_B\m c^ _S _Se c[ J _ e ]Y ek\m
hSN_\* [r J j^_e yf e` NkZ Le jc_*
` ak L_ Ltb[ kBR SN_\*We jc_*e
j^L ] e awc[e _e& _ aw ""kt[e h , ^_e
h_èi , dNhe jkje^ _ ]a[ SN_\* aNk e
crc kBDWR( 2)
j[e JXhe ^c Lka c[ j^L, b, jk[L
J jcmQL* ] e Dj[ kB DW èirc
hSN_\ ""SN_\ dN dN ê ]h J c_e ba-aNk
j kDR JXh -^ce aw `[L : `Z JXh e ^c kDR
SN_\ ^c(3)
JXh cVe ab_ ^ce Aab a OVR, d\- A]aj
hae^c, a]L akZ^c, `qe[ ANc ^c, aw, S_,
ha, h, je, NZ`[, [, _\, a a, ckc J
ak^c L H\b[e a]L akZ^c J ['e A^_L
e`L RX ]m @_NXL cM[ mL J jêZ[ hl[ ,
` [ [\ eSja[ J h_c][ @V
ab_ jce ab_ ^ce Aaba kB\m c^
èar ^cêe àa r ^cêe `[L je` A[`L h
Le@R hie `[L ]h J Lfe `bae _ b kB
_Se jr keBm af èar `bahf ^c cê
_Se LR ah RXdBR dè aw ^ce L[V
j* [ akZ^ce hi `[L èirc SN_\* We
35
àj JXA* @ee je

ml[ kB@R dè `qjM* e s_ch be aw^ce
h_-Q[_, `[& f [\ S_, ha J _\^ce dN
(j= J @= dN), [e j [r, a]L jNZ _NZ
a _c J ak[r B[]
h SN_\ Q[_e j^_ HL ]O[ èè
uèZ a __je è irc l[e `S[ " hSN_\''*
Aab a àe hae eS ah aj* `S[ ""_fcâ'' k Hk
`We ]a[ e` `S `D\m `f Lfe c^ [* e
@ [ \m _fcâ cr _fLcZe _c[ \a èZ
a _ Le Hk QL-N]ê _fcâ cr VL cZc
a] Dè j `] Aj_e @ay_ Le\ m _fcâ*
`Me ml jaa^ @f* ee abi [ kB ekR cfa
]he eS Bt]c a * Ae^_ _cr a]`[ _cL
akZ]e Hk* @ZBm hae J akZc_* e k]e
cf_e HL LkZ H\e @_e& [ ahaje L_ mf[
jk aakL j`L Rfe @[ h_aZ `]_ LrL
_fcâ, ]eak h SN_\ eè hèirc l[e
@_-` L] bN NkZ Lm jk]_We ""h SN_\''
èij ce, afb] ]]hle ce Ha ]a jb]
]aj ce `S kBAjR
L ` [ _fL ]j SN_\* a] àe am
a _ LeR SN_\, afb], jb] [\ j]h_ `b[
cr* e [rL aM Le j Q[wcre j [r Dè
AmL`[ LeR [* c[e j]h_ km ""ckh_''
[è ""h_'' a ""S[''e è L _ kDR JXA
a ac_* e L e` Hk Q[w cre je` SN_\ [è
eSe`Z dNc `L[ Ha [k ""e^ e`'' jb]
_ce èQ[ [è LcBt e j* [ je` afb]
`_ be[ j [e èc J Qec @ba kDR
a] H\e hSN_\* `Q_[ `]h[ kBR FL
a]e j ""@] d~eà [ juè @èi c
[[ebj ]k Z [_ No èje c ''
-èi j- jZNd -
L`fhe NS`[* [c`V j_t @_d

hSN_\* h[ L \[ a a] am c[`]_ LedBR
jcN a]e je[r k " ak' am L[L c[ ]@
Hk ] e Q[wcr* Nea]e (ak* e) crc `[L
ba NkZ LedBR [k _cc [ jQ[j- hh a] - afb] (jca])
w- SN_\ - dS a]
e- jb] - FLa]
- j]h_ - @\aa]
`qe[ ANc @_je afb]-aeV, jb]- j[[,
SN_\- @dc J j]h_- hw am _ [ LedBR
jk[_d jc_ ah, [Sj, `s J [e
@V
ec_SNd* `qe[ `Sa^ @_je hSN_\
(a )* s_, Bo, L h e` afb], jb] J j]h_*
d\Lc NkZ LedBR `_ aMLec_ `j= Lc
Hk Q[w cr* hee bae a _ LeaL dB afb]*
haZ, jb]* @ê, SN_\* __ J j]h_* _jL
ba NkZ Le\
Lk Lk SN_\* "J' Le ak bae `[`][
Le@R d\@ - "@' Le ak[L - ak
D - "D' Le a [L - a
c - "c' Le ha `[L - ha
[Z ak , a J ckhe* jc kDR "J' ak
kDR eSc jb] Hk "J' Le c^ce A[
èc[e cf_ OV\H Ha "J' Le kDR jcN SN[(4)
[Z Hk SN[ dk `L[e eè [k SN_\* b[e
k am_
H ] e SN[ c[ "@èak' J SN_\ kDR
"èak' N[e hL- "HLh_ y[ SN['- H ] e
d\\ @V
S_^c ]h_ ahiZ ] e SN_\ Q[_e Da
J aLh @[a [`d` @V I[kjLc_* c[e
36
àj JXA* @ee je

hSN_\ S_^ce ]a[ S_^c jk[ `Q_ Lf= e
_aX j`L \m S_^ce àrL A]_\ Fib]a*
Lf= e Ae^ ]a[ e` jca[ j[af NkZ
LedB\m(5) M.`. [[ h[Le _teS ck`]_t
Lf= SLe ""S_j_''L @`keZ Le\a Ha èar
Lfe [k Meaf* ]e Lf= L `[k[ kB\a ai
k[N$ hfmMe jQ[ kB\H
Hk hfm`- a [ "S_j_' d _ [ ba Lf= e
"A]S_'- H\e jtk _k Lf= e `\ _Nee Hk
"A]S_' cr `S[ kD\ae jQ_ cf "`\ 'L arc_e
è jk[ Qk[ LedBR, dk[ Hk c_] (ck_]) J
cimB (FiLm) _] ] e câr @qfe
@ay[(6) j[e èe àe Fi]a* "S[ ]a['
e` D`j_ LedD\ae H\e @_c_ kH [[Lf_
JXhe ^cSa_e `[L [\ ck_ j`r "S_j_' d
S__\ a SN_\* Aj_ Ha A]S_ d j SN_\*
_ce c[ kBè jêZ[ SN[e _\ am
SN_\* c_a jcS NkZ Le\H L S_ @_ _e HL
@h ahie` "SN_\' "SN[e _\' _ kB ae "SN[_\'
ka `j= L c_kH HWe "SN['L _c ahi J _\
hvL D`^ (Surname) e` NkZ LeNm Fib_\,
h_\, Sc_\ `b[ S_[\* e c_* bf "SN[_\'e
" SN_\ hv''e j kae jca_L HXB ]AdB_è
Laf j[L _k S_^ce @_L ]h_ SN_\
]h_ jk[ j f[ kD\ae èml[ kB\H
(1) AiY h ][ (N N d[) [\ kDR `\c
S_[\* e Fib_\* e Nb LmZ ]aj Hk ]_
Fib_\ Nb cê @ay_ Le\ m am S_c_ ah j
Le j\`B Hk ]_VL S_c_ @[ à[ ]aj e`
NkZ Le\ (7) Hk]_ Fib]a* e\d[ a^_ \a
S_^cNxc_* e SZdH j[e jk è`le
h SN_ \* e\d[ j`] [ kD\ a e @_ c _
LedBè
(2) S_ `[cc_* e j_ d[e a^ @_e`
SN_\* j_ cka `f[ kH

(3) SN_\* Lal d S_ Lal Ha Meaf*
A_[ "S_j_' d SN_\* e `jw "e[a]'- Hk @_L
NaiL c[ ]@
(4) @_L yfe SN_\, afb] J jb]* S_
[e[ a jcL ]h_, jcL s_ J jcL Qe[ am
LkdBR hae `S[ _fcâ cr ` eM M][ S_
J [e [cr @V
(5) h ctey aBh `kQL aBh SZ "S_[\* e'
`[L am NkZ LedBè
(6) D`_i] J a]L ]h_e S_^ce `ba
"hSN_\' `j]L "Lam' LkdB\H ` [ _fL
]j* c[e @Sae SaL `\L Lm a Laf Sac[
a "Laf' ka Hk "Laf'e "Lam'e Da kB\H
Ha Lam hv S_]h_e Aj\a @_c_ j\`B
a^kH hSN_\* "ck`j]'L "Lam' _ce _c[
LedBR Ha Hk ck`j] mb Le c_i Bk SN[e
Dwe `B _aZ ` kB\H
Hkè L[L ]h_ J ^ce jc& jL ml Le
SN_\* S_^ce ]a[ am NkZ Le_A
dBR
S_^c bf JXhe ^c J j [e `ZLt J
`Zè^ hSN_\* aw^c jk[ j` LedB\H
aw^c aw]a* Sa[aye JXh e j[L Sa_ jk[
@ycN[ kB @__ ]Y kSe ai ê JXh e `Qf[
^cc[ Dè `ba a e LeAjR j[e Hk k[e
JXhe j [ J jk[e SN_\ aw e` `[ [ H
j`L [\afL Aê Le ^cLr* eQ[ "]Wah'e
a [ aw]a* ac] ai Lc]L AmQ_ @b
LedBè SN_\* _aLfae @\[ `[ ae ai
è _[_ cr `[ce LlLtee Li aa[ LZj
ekjS_L ]a LYAZ _[_ `[ce WL jk y_e
eM]AdH ` [ c_* e c[ d Hk ekjc a V
"]Wah' eQ[ aw* "]ahi' ` ] D`j[ kD\a
l[ "]è' a "è' _ce @bk[ (8)
37
àj JXA* @ee je

`_ SN_\, jb] J afb] aw ^ce [_V
cM `[L a [e[, d\- aw ^c J jOe D`r am
I[kjLc_* e c[ @R aw akec_* e `S `D\a
QL ja`^_ `S D`]_ kB\ae j\`B a^kH
hcte b[e `S `D\a "j]h_'* QLe `[L ba
NkZ LedBR @hL* eS[ Lfe JXh e haec_
aw^c NkZ Le\m Ha jk jce èe c^ HL
aw ` y`[ kB aw haec_* e `^_ D`j_e
Lt kBDW\m
Haa hSN_\ ^c J j [ e h S]a* a [
"N[Nat' Nxe @bc[_d ]ha[e Q[e _ac
@a[e aw* y_e SN_\* Q[ D[L kB\H(9)
M jc a @c h[v afL bc eS[ jce
JXhe aw* a * e @a[e am NkZ LedB\m
jkè h S]a* eQ[ N[Nat Nxe- ""_tj
dsaêkk h[ S [, c] k] ]h[ `hO[, Lha^[
aw hee, S SN~h ke''e `cZ hSN_\* awa[e
L\L jQ[ Le
`m bie eQ[ aw^c Nxe aj]a J af]a
`SL @[ Dn y_ ]AdBR ]B bB J bDZ e`
jL[ h[ h[ ai ê D`j[ Hk cr [ * We a [
Ae`Z af, L afec J jb] èL_ HLafL
@èkd kB`XR j\`B L SN_\ e`, afec
afb] e` J jb] jb] e` @[ jkSe JXhe
S_jcSe A][ kBAjR
`[[ra[c_* c[e jqe aw è [eZ
]he `mbie @* [ HL Q[- d, e, f, a J _ Hk
`qckb[e aSlee j hZ Hk `qckb[ d\Lc(1) ce[ aS (d)
(2) @N aS (e)
(3) @` aS (f)
(4) l[ aS (a)
(5) h_ aS (_) @V HNXL awc_* e ^c
a `L[ e Qk WL []_e` SN_\ kDR "^c'e `[L
Ha Hk QkV "`L[ ' e ` @leNXL `L[ e ab_ e`jQL R@NV `m @le "d, e, f, a J _'e jcah c[
]h_L ] LZe ]Mm aw-jO, ^c J aw
d\Lc c[ Q[_, LeZ J `[[à_ Q[_ Ha _a Z
a c Q[_e è`Lh Ha Hk Q[_ kDR SN_\
Q[_e HL HL ah ba
M @c _ac h[v jw SN_\, [L J
aSd_ a a ^ce C]a[e èZ[ kBdB\m
am @_L c[ `Lh Le "Btb[ ' * e s_jw e [*
awc e` a _ LedBR j[e ]]h h[v afL
SN_\* a * awa[e am je be[ NkZ Leje\m
Ha JXhe jk jce N= ah _e`[ QXN= *
eS[ Lfe a a D`j_ aw `B\m [* jce
ec_S JXh L Aj [* e "ah ][a]' c[e akf `Ne
Lea j= j= j QXN= * jl[ Le SN_\ ctee
jrc[ j[ `qe[ D`j_ `w[ `Qf_ LeBa `B
Q Le SN_\* jaLc_* e àf `[e^ k[
a\Lc kB\m jw SN_\* a * e @a[e am
NkZ LedB QXN= * ]e arc_e cte _c Z Ld
j`_ LedB\m ` cte aY b[e "ml cte'
c^ _c[ kB\m Hke LRLf è `^_ [\ ah
a a La "S]a' [* e `jw N[ Nat eQ_ Le
JXhe "e^L ' `c[rL `Ne `je LeB a * aw
@a[e SN_\* be[e ^c SN[e HL j[ ]a[
e` `[ [ LeB\m
iXh h[ve `[a e] ]a* jce JXh e
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km, j[af jk SN_\ ^c k JXhe cM ^c
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38
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2. @Q[_t ]j J `qjM ^c - Qre& _ ]j `109
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À L aTB]@ LkL jc_ ANB Ajm _k

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c_ c_ c_[ ]M Le ba j[ VLH
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j ]M kBdDR
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j cXAjR j[ `ML [ j= e L\ar, èch
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àj JXA* @ee je

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àj JXA* @ee je

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jB ]_W j Q Le\m - j[e L'Z H ]he hlLc_
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b[e? _, Hk HL jOaw j\ kjm `B QL? NZ[L
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kW[ j[ Lkm- H ]he dDc_ jOaw,
dDc_* e aqa `B @amc_ @R, dDc_ jcS
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jc_* LeR ecM @_ae[ baR _SL Ake ]Y
Leae D`c_ jB jL j\ `Me _ @R jcS,
_ [f\a cZi* ]M ]~h `B VLH jca]_
acê JT j[e L\e cc WLba aTm L
_k, SZNm _k km j a ]m NVH D`ml
]Mm _k, dD]_ `XN m c NfOe aMeL, ]eM
Le\m jeLe* W jkd `BaL `q R' \e ]X ]X
AjmAe.AB. Lkm- HB [ T`X ja jce _A
Leae HW SfNm, H\`B NVH jkd L'Z? ]he
Hc[A T`X L[ SfdDR _
Be aa, Lkm- L]` c mMa _k
_k _k kD\m, c dc[ k[N& LVeVH
]B]m jc[ mM]m Ae aa, Ac La mL?
Q= X Q`m c e Nk ]_dL hfe _A `Me `X
`X _kZ aXB aXB `V ì è_ aMeH Oe
`XNm, [c aa ]M VLH jèh Le]a am H[
H[ L\ `NhV V* `Bm d [L AZaL `Z Lj@
aa LH, [L ]aL èm `_LVH H ]he H[ aX

aX hl[ aa, NLe aLe LeR cjL cj jeLe
[kame [_M NZ _DR - jc_* e H[ RV _Se
kBdDR Lc[? Nea Nea * a`] A`] a ]M_k
H[Laf NVH èZ keLmj jBLm QY
Le jk Dwa èX * Oe `M Nke ]B ]L ake
Ajm [' jBLme `R Le@ee k[ mce ]BM
cfA a[ LD]_W aukBR, [' Dè \A kBR
aXH @M jBLmW JkB`X, Aj ]e WAkB
`Nem- aa, _XA @R?
jkH ! _XA bB arc_ L'Z? JT `h Lm
[c L'Z SZ_k _ L'Z c? ]h ae è
LkL c kVe [ ]Y a Dè
- kVL\, AD N L\ kVL _S akLe _@
]_ `Z j\`B _Lc MBa `Ba @R jW AD ]h
`q `Bj @^L k' _k _ L'Z? @R [ce _XA? ]a?
Lk, Lk L e [' m= L $ mVce Aj ` e aj`Xm
[' Y= e= e SZ`X\m j [e[e _k Lkm, `We
@R è kV [e[e aZS cW
jk `@ [ aZS LeR JTH ca ]m
L eA
W W Le kjDWm- aZS LeR, _ OZ
`mR a !
- Lk OZ `mR a?
dkL _B _XA ]DR
- HB aaj L'Z [ce _k? j[ `Nem
_B k aa, Ac `Me H[ V* Lk? Ac
]_ cSe _B N N am _XA ê [L _B Oe Sc
Le `[ `te ]_ è LVLe LD ceAX [' c_SeL
`WB ]a VL ]B kja_Lh Le VLe Ac aTB
Le]m Ac Lc $ [ j[Laf `[ hk _XAe
AcL ]B V* [_V* Le ]@
j ceAXe LAX [m Lf J L[e __] Lc
Lea `B a NVH $ LVe BH ja [e Lc, Ac
Mm OZ`m mL c
j[e AM ANe _QNm NVH aeV NRe
48
àj JXA* @ee je

]h cV DèL DWR NVH cV N N @ê
cmR cV cV hM Xf j Xfe akeR Ake
@_L hM `hM `[V `hMe ekR jaS `[, `[
Nkf b[e cqH cqH LY @\a Xf Xf $ m
]eL ]hR LX hbc
AD jB NR [m `fH `fH _S_ Oje M [
AeZ jaS jte Oj NRVH a [f ['e c VL
è_ L b dDW DWR NVH ]BV NR aLf kB
VLH jdmL `Ba `B h mcB ]BR aX
]_ ['e y[ `[ ]MdDR ['e _ b h[fA
Nie _ b `DhA
ck e, `LmN NVH ^_NRe @Lf
`Qm `[VH bf ê kj aX LeZ
`Z NRe [f- R` ekR AD NVH JmV al
^je cVe aL a]e ['e ebS `% `[V Tme
hi AZR- hh, Lk L[ `[f Nkee a e[
BmLe j[ La `mV dH
Laf HB L eA
Je$ L e jk _k ['e bf
kSe kSe @jk cZi _SL aqBa `B M] dDR
N Nkf b[eL hiZ Le _aL hh
Nie @ba jje ANe NVH V* e ck
['e e _NX hjWe @^L JS_A `mV dDR b=
dB\a LD OBL auBaL NiV aL Le ]BR- M[e
Nkc, ^_, TV, AM, ÀS, Af, LMe, `Z aiL `B
jB[ eM\a M] cWL ja dB Sc kBdBR, LD
`& `[e N]ce, $ LVee
['è aYR ]e _Se D`][ `]\L he
aL Le _S [L LZa L k[ `[Bm am Ni kDR
jaj
ac ê JT kW[ `h Lm L eA
L, kBe aa
! Ac [ H[L ]ee _XA aLR [L _B [c ceAX
Lfe [m LYR j [m H[ @^L ]e kDR LkL?
dD `he Dre _S L e jk SZ_, [L `Z
jk `h a `Qe dBè AD L e jk Dre ]Hka_ LX LX Lfe j ja [Ae kBR, jW L[
mL NLe LeR , jc_ ]ec _aV `Z j [m
L[ eLce Xae a[me `h AjR, L[ e$ B_

kB ck ck aj BH ja L'Z cNZe ka L k?
j[e Q e LfL_e _\m `Z hZ\m
]BSZ* _a^ ahiZ Laf ekjc ba j LkmHja T L ce aZ ìa _
L eA Hja L\e AD c _ MfB kW[
`Nem _XA @R aa? ]a?
j[ c kmBm _, _k
ac]] AD Le Ne @R L?
- je`q aa* Oe \Bè a Lm [* e
è kD\m _ L'Z?
L eA DW WA kB bXcX km JTH a
DWdB `Ne m- kBe [c Ne dD cXe Lh kB\m,
L'Z km Lkm _k [?
L'Z ka j e cBL_A AD j ejL VL
]'SZ dL- @aL Sme aY]_ @Hj Lea am _[B
ck ak kB\m hf cm AD L'Z
jc_ L\ kB kB Nma Aec Le]B\m
`L ADS j[ ba\m - ja] _ L'Z Ni eka @jeh_kB Sa_ je MV MV? je Sa_
@S jB* m= Xe k[ ce kD _k je`q
L è`q ka ]_We j è a]f dBR _SL j
baR - SZ ah _[ am ADja mLc_ [*
jct _k bmcte j dk Lka, [kk ka
_km Lfaf LDhf j kBeZ LeaL a `RD _k
_S Ne dD mLc_ [* bV ]B_\m, [L a RX
_k SZ, jc_ [* h[ _ _ r kmaf j
_S mL `lb kBdDR
ce k _L Nm !
ASLm Se dke, aw dke, Dè aXaXA
*
jk dH j`L eMèR ['e [ eS[ [e L\ _
jc_èe LBL H `q M Ne a AD LH `@ @R
dke c, Hc.Hm.H. Dè kLc* jk H[ AD Qk
èQ LH VLH VLH L\e jWL NmdBèa?
ba_hee dB èch Le Aj èa H[?
49
àj JXA* @ee je

H ja jk _[c_* Ha AD HL ]aw
]MdDR ja L\L _S ]fA mL* _B aNe LeR
N , a]cj mL* a k[e eMmZ [Z N N b[e
]f]f, QLVcx NmR [Z a eSe jBA ]he
jBA Ne HL[ b= R ]he jk[ Dè a`r
]MdDR
hc @S Lk dD\m N[Lm Lh Lc je LVLe
aje $ emaf LH SZ aX`VA Lk\ H ]hVL
bN bN Le je ]m k ! bV `Ba `B L[af
^cL _B j`] L\ j LmZ [ L[af jMmO
j`] L\ LkmZ @akf[ keS_ NeS_* Dè
@[Ne kDR am LkmZ [, ^_ Nea b[e b]ba
aYB DrS_ j LmZ, __] jN_ ]B
amaZe ckhe* `M Q[ ` c `fVe
[oVe hc@S H[ mL* `VLe Hja L\ Lk\m,
[k_k [* c_ b[e ALh \m @bdN \m
@S jB [ Xkf LLe bf [* `Re mNR mNB
]BR a LB SZ* R'cj ka [* kBeZ LeaL
NVH Lh LedBR cRVe ScaXL _B
j MmMm ba LR Lkè_\m, LeZ @S
jB* `M mL a ` c `fe D`y[ @R j Mm
hvb] aZ `N Lmbf, L\NXL [* aewe
Lk\ mL a jcT \A
ke S_ [* ANe aj c e NVH NcR
NebN Le `LB _eae hZ\ J = ]A aYVH
bf Mm c kmD\A
aTm ke ! cfLe L'Z cRe mM kBR
ANc j_Ae LfdN hi ka a_-a[-mZ cX
Aja bea XL ]a aDf Lce Qrf cR Aj
`kqa hef* ctee WLeZ ]h_ LeaL jB]_W
e[ AD `ka _k NeNC `h`l ja cZi bf L\ar
ka NR al `kX à[ ja Qmam Lea Ha dD]_
e[ `ka LfL akea ae k[ Mê Sb mk mk
Le- co a^c LV LV BH ja ka ! NeaQ_ La
c\ ka _k Ha dk @_ @^c @[Ne LeR, dk
LeR, Le d... Le d
ke S_ Hja hZ Ma Mj km bf c_ kD\H
RV RV `mH, dDc_ _S _S @S a a` bB
j= e Aj\m- jc_ N` hZm bf [_c kB
hZ\
j[afL [ bNa[ @^ amaZ NjB*
`Me `Y je\m WLeZ* `Me _[ a kB_\H
cem ]j jB jdNe am NjB* `B Aj\a
N& B beL _Xe ]f, Qmce be \A [' b[e
@ L[e _A Tm TX, N& B ` [ Le\ LBSZ a
@`mL AMe `[ Leae Lf[L ]l[L Nk\ abe
kB
N& B VLH Â ]me ]j DèL VL LkmS amaZ NjB ][* e c_a} ` kD am
A_t HLae keam
cf[ LZ\e hbm - keam keam
Nmm N&B ^` k[L k[ amN m Qmc hie
ha c_ Lme, keS_ Lkm- Ae dH _MH N& B
Â [' `@ OXck _ ]c _ ! NjB* `j]
- k haL BAX N& B VZ hM, [Z `Re
['e Lc[ H Ne bVcV Do_ Leda, [' aV j$
Le\
kBe c [ bVcV Do_ LeR?
J k [c _km HB Ne mL [
[ HL\ c[ LB Lkm?
- [cL Lk Lka a !
AD LkL Lkm?
- c Ha dkL Lkm [ce L'Z km?
hf S[e JX
- [c [ akZ VH
kBe? LH [ bVcV Do_ LeR DrS[
jeVH hbm mL* b[e ha j jee SZm- Dwa
èX _ [e [ LfL `X _k ]'SZ dL d]
Lke cm mNm- jW a mNda TNX ]k k[k[
kaL ` [
50
àj JXA* @ee je

`L[ e jc_* b[e TNX Leae LZj Mj
LeZ _k LkL LSZ jc_ èeL jk è _k
@SZ HL Ci jc_* @jkZ Le ha Dwa èXL
Lk, hf WÀ, @fjA, Q[LV, akÀ Dwa èX
Lk- hf k , N& XA, HLj= , cB` amLe
AS L ha _m jee Dre ]m, Lk [c
L'Z Lc L?
kBe hf? c [e L'Z Lm? [e ê _
MH? [ L'Z H[ aYaY L\ LkmZ ? WA kBdB Dwa
DWAjm ha `ML
c LAX Lce WL am ]_A dL [ Lk
amR LkL?
[ H L\ `cZ Lea NjB* y_ BH, km`
Le Lk ^ R d] _ Lka [ aX`@ `X cea,
_km c `@ cea
`V jc[ Me` Le_ Lk]DR ha NeNe
jee [N] Le]m c j= e mN_, c [ j= e
`V $ VBaL Nk_k L ck ]MaL Nk _k ha
dc[ hbae aj L\ Lk\m - c_ kD\m j dè
NVH Lfi ! Dwa èX NVH- L[ TZ ]a am
Ne `Me [e am am eX RXR hae L èg _k
Dwa èX [ Q= X bf XD\H ce L _ce
kD\H ha AD L[ jc a jcf ! j a `VLe
DWNm N& Be cê kmL _he abe Nam Aj_
HL mYBL b= aL dB jc_ a `lb kB `V
Aec Le]m
aS @b j[ Q[ ` ce h[f Sk Am@e
Nm Nm kB `kqdB\m 16 _ce Le_f Dè
Me]_e èo_ Sk e[ ALh a`\e _cN [_au
dL AmQ_ Le\ m- c_[ L\
aS Lkm, c baR- c_[L aak Lm, [e
@_L jcj jc^_ kBdA aD h k@ [
`Ve `je Lc c_[ [ NLe LeR, j ] e LR
A\L jkd a cf ]Mm[, ]Bai ê NiLm, L
@ hce èZ[ L'Z km L[af je WL jce
]Bèm _k L @ jfM WA kae ja Q a\

km
aRaR Lc ja Leè _k
Nie mb `B `\cL dD Mn kaL `Xa,
j Q e @_LV c cfa c_[ a bm T@VH
@_Laf @b _eae hZ\m jc L\
_fau Dè aj j M M e= cV `LD\H hMm
_fe jB $ V `V b[eL j ck Mm Lkm- aS !
LZj L\ Lkm af AcL HBja ]N `[ ^_ ]aL
`Xa 1- Ac aa hi LeaL `Xa 2- d\ jca
Lc L\e jc aiVL @a[eZ Lea ]eLe 3@_c_* Lkae jdN ]a ]eLe
[c @_L jc km LkR [ LkR ce ah j
j[ Hja ]N `[ jQ[_ [' L\ j Lk @be L\
hZ j[ kj DWm Lkm- c Sa_ NVH Mm ` L
bf [e `[ ` e `[L @le [cL SZ [c a SZ
c èae @ay L'Z? Ha [e Ah ALP l a L'Z?
[Z ce ] b= [cWe ahi LR [$ [ _k
c_[ NVH bm T@ _
VLH @^L baàZ jM_ Lcf
Sa_L jkSe ja^ e LVB ]ae c_jL[
[e
[fL ck `[ @b _eae hZ\m j[e
c[c[ kW[ j ckVL Nkm J jef ba
`hL m
[c [L bm `@_?
j[ kjm Lkm- k bm`H
LD T@ jM_ _k? ja^ e aqaL Nk _k
Lkm?
@aak[ @ay k T@c_* `B HBA
\e Sa_e eZl[e `kqNm, jc_* a[
j` a]fda jc_ eZQ a `mVdB è
[ ANe c_[e Lcf[ ]MdDR, L ]Y[
]MdD_ LeZ j [ ANe ]MDR ['e Lcf
Nue e`
51
àj JXA* @ee je

Ae c SZ [L ]M HL HL j mL dH
ASLm VLVLfA ja dc[- [L LH L'Z La LR
Lkae hZm Z ? LkL, jè è _k
jBV ['e a [ ['e ]Y[ Ha _SL a`]
b[e a`]c eMae ]Y A[`[
ce c_kH [e HBbf VH ]eLe
[L ak kB`X
[' AMe j cê BoL c ]MR
[ R[ b[e [' `B R`\a @_eN c @_ba
LeR k L _k ! Lk? Lk !
j[ aS kjDWm
j[ Lkm- c [' @jLe Le_ L c ANe
c ]M èR c Sa_e LL[ `\ j\e Nmm
`]e e aka ja j` `X kB dBè
c bm `D\a T @VL jB ]Me jB
@_ [[e AZ O aL Nk_
c `B NVH _ee AahL[ @R j ce
jkLc ka @`kq ANc Lme j` Laf ]Ma `* e
WAkB LR `Ba _k kH[ jaLR keB Nma
j aS ecqLe L\ RX ] j[ @b èch
]m [ dc[ aTR c_[L j ['We Ye b_ Ye
jc\
jBW Ace aak ka c cDj* jk H _B
aS jk L\ ka
j[ _ea \m
H[Laf aS L'Z LkaL dD\m kW[
jc_ hZm amaZ `Me `V[ k km ckr
jc _ea ekm- ['è [e[e kB NmN m, OVZ
L'Z SZaL
Tc[ Mfe ckbe[ kmbf Ne jc_ VLH
L\e k Aec kH- TNX NNf jBW ]B]f
kBdA AX`L AS kjMje \p èkje
c[\a, èe `[ jca]_hf Nam jLf jLf
]MdA - @èQ[ bf h[bf `[`le a`]e,
]Me- Hc_* JWe Te`X- bm kBR, Ao kBRe
ye `haL kj
aS, @b, j[ Aj _eae WA kB\
ckhe* QD[e `Me QD[eWe VLH ]ee
WAkB\ [_S Z keS_ aaS bB, A_t, aa_aY
AD [ _[Z hh jc_ H OVZL ah D`bN
Le\ @b c e kW[ NVH aw `hNm j
WLeZ* `Me \A kB\a O AD ['e LWV DWB
AZ QD[e Dè WA kB AMaS aXBaL mNm
aXBae [f _\H Mm NV YD YD hv, LfL
_Q àe `[ `B HL a[fA `Ne bf j [f a[f
` c `fL `j] ja_ LeaL Aj D`y[ \a _c[
NamH, Hc[ HL NfcfA @ay b[e QXL `Xm
bf ck amB La kB Nkekm @bL @b Lfj
mNm bf O `V\ H
mL Nk\ - ALhe `Bm bf `V[ at
kBdB\H c[ Lca~ c_jL heeL DrS_ HL
QX eèM _B `hc[ ka àe Hc[ HL @MXA
L OVm jc* cke j\ S_[ ae j[ VLH
]ee WAkB kj\H `hj Le\H c_ c_- bm
awV H ake Lm
kW[ OaSe at Le]B @b Lkm- ]Le
eN _k c AD LR jc O `Vm Ne RA `m,
cB`, aYH jc Nm Aja [' è A`Zc_ @^
eM\a `V[ Lf[Lef `Z jBW- Aec Lea Hbf
HL Ac] ]L Ne[ ` [\ DrSL be @b_ ]MaL
]hL _\a HL aXc_ AD VLH @`l Le
@b `Z O aXBa Aec Le]m @^L
ANke H\e Oe L [f `Xm LfL _Qe [f
YBL XYB....... YYB..... XYB YBL XYH YH
AcL L'Z mS jec @R ja [ è Sf jemZ
_km VLH VLH L\ Ac ]ke `\e Ne bf
mNdA L`ju ckeZ aLe NcRV jSX jSX
Lkm jc* hZB ['è j keS_* `Me c& c&
Sf\a m_VL VL]B aX mNBm [ OXA
LXe
ÂLf RX]B `Z L\ `] dXm- hNMA, AD
52
àj JXA* @ee je

mZm* MAL jk è_ Ac a`@S \m af LX
LX L\ OVdD\m- Lk [L L_L _D\m?
Ha [ jei `Bm Ne _aM kDR keS_
L\e ]A]m @_c_ jc j `d _ea \A
j[ @bL Nk Lkm- atLe, atLe O `V
]_L ]_ H N [f[f kaL ajNm _km
SZ b]mL A`Zc_* XLR ` c `fL bS MBaL
A`Zc_ _S _S b[e Hc[ LfTNX Aec Le ]@
HL\ hZa dH L'Z baa? Ace aw aaL LAX Nm?
Hk Laf mS`] _k @cZi `ZA a
hae eN [ Lc _\H j \c\c kD\H
_Se _~i `ZA ]MBaL j Lkm- jc [ HBW
@R c LD _Le L\ Lkm? j [ c DèL [_m
c_m kB aOc[ T` ]DR hf akq] LkR
A`Zc_ [ @R aT - ce d] LBm kB\a c
HBW hH\e NX[f `Xa
L, AD L'Z Lk\e? [[ LH LDW Q[LVBm
[ Nam* LB ] LeR? Dwa èX Q= X bfA
XD\H
kB ]M... ]M, L'Z j LkR? L\e @Rèd[ Lkm bNa[,
[i _km ce Qr
L\ Lk Lk Lc[ LkR j ckeZ ccm[Le
Y= ]MBm
\D [ce j LSf`[A bmmL k [cL Ac
L'Z SZ_k Dwa èX ckMe mL eNNm ['e
Ls_ ek_k j Jm[ `Xm
j[ Hja jk_è ae kB Lkm, [ce L'Z
aaL am LR_k? `Z Aec Le]DR `V?
`L[e hL]a a A Ma aQf[ kB DW\m
Hja `V[ ]M Hke èZ[ d L e` _a LH
Lka? H Ne [ Hc[ akae kBR bS e[e `[
`Z ka è a `= [ RX `f mL AS d] jè
kH, `Z XL jc* HLW Lea LWLe `W a_ LeZe
[* e k a& _ _ kBda [Z j Ma a kB
`Te Dè N` ]D\ d_[_ `LeZ hO je,

mL aj dA `= [e
_A-`Z L\, [c LB Hc[ kDR LH? BH L'Z
MBa L\ kBR c Nf `LBa [eLe ke mZ
`LB k[ ]e NfB ]D ]D c_A __ QX DWm
[c HW Nm c Lc c[ LeaL ]@ Mte ]M
LW `LB ]B @ jfM c_A__ WA kB Lkm- Mt
`Me H Nece ] WAkm SZ L L HW
e[ d Hc[ LR kBdB\m [' _k hLaa
j_ @uLee HL\ `SeL Lkm, km j SZ\m
eiB Lc jeje Ake OH LeZ JD MV H`d
MtL dB_k
@aL LkR, hO hO je `j] ja_ af
jBW aeL\ akea [eLee èa jw km_k
`ZA km, mZA km..... Hc[ @_L L\ c_A __
_Se @jk[ ]MD\H
H[ mL* b[e Mm hb\H `See `V
AD jc Q`\ Mt b[e _A ]D ]D kD\H
c_A __e ]ke Tf _NX ]MdD\H QLQL ['
`Qe mN a bSd B\H jaNX L _eae jQB ]D\H
['e èhc e L\
Me]_e HB _S_ Ske[e cTe cTe Nkee
hb\ H VVBA* Lc][L Ak_ @\a LVL, cRN
ee aj a VL dae OOe hv hc @S HB A`[[
_S_ [L b= aL Lkm- Le bNa[ `Y_
`Y jemZ è hL _L kj kj Dre ]m
AD NVH ]BV @^ `Ym L'Z ``
kBdDR
ceQtL ]B at Le\a bNa[ akL `Z\ e
Mmm hL _L AM atLe Aar Lm
_eZ _c [ _e a _erc
]a jej[ aj [[S c]e[
cL Le[ aQf `= mO[ Ne
d[L` [ck at èc_t câ
keam
53
àj JXA* @ee je

keam
` c `fA* aece XLaL daL `Xa _k
am jc_èe awc_ Ncaj- [_\e O aSBae
`\V Aa e Le\ m hi\e O aSmè d] Lk
@_`y[ ek [a `fAe AD LZj ]i eka _k
AS [ @b mN mN ]B\e O aSB
]B\m aL \H \e `Se WLe* `B _[ jSX
jSX Le `S`W LmafL hi\e `B O aSm
è è `Xm `[ `Z Rq km mZ ]ANm @_ J
[eLe ]A kaè keS_ Lkm- mNm [ jc*
`[e __? H\e k[ Nm
Lk LAXL _ @_B jc_èe l^[ Ncaj
Aec Le]m bS_
[c dk Lk, [eLe HW dX aj J jA]A
kH [c Oe d[ cjm O@ `LB Lm, [m L'Z
ka j_[_ ake `hj Le\
k, k- j[ L\ dk ]'V $ VB ]m amaZ
NjB* Lè @à j] bedDR
Hc[ L\ar cê jc A_te `j] ja_
Le\ jkS [ Qi mL ]_dL MV MV H[afL
bLm \A [Z c& L]f `[e N]H N]H @eA
b[ cTe [eLe LXe MV ê, Lk Lk AXL Nka L
af `D_\ dk cTe cTe Mm hb\ H- @_ AZ
[eLe X* H ]@ k __ MVB VLH ]@ k Me
[LH c `@ `[ee ]@ c ! j AD LR MD _k ['
`Ve [ O' kBR kD kD kB `XR eN [eLe
j[ @b ê ê L'Z L\ kD\m L
kW[ aS _S L\ Dè @^L Ne[ ]aL VLH `V
Le Lkm- [c dk Lk_ LkL, ce ` k]ahj J
@_ba d- Hke cf L\V k ]e]
[kk [ c LkR jc kW[ L\ hZaL L_
Xem
j[ Lkm- Ac b[e dD Lf-LSA, Ci]i,
èh-L[e[, kj- ['e LeZ HLc[ Ace @s[ J
]e]
]e] _ke aa ]e] c_ar _eLe c

L'Z aT m LSZ j kW[ `V Mmm ]e] mL L'Z
_k ? jc_ [ L[ bm L[ bm bm L\ Q
Le Ace L `L[ RV, _Se RV, c V RV,
j\`B Hc[ ja kDR
A`Z dk LkR , [' c aTR c L Ake
VLH [fB Le ]Mm, SZa `L[ LeZ LDW? dDW
mL `Vè NH MBaL `Ba _k, eN aeNe
Ki^ VLH `Ba _k, RV`V kB @Lfe cea, k[e
`Bj _\a m= f ]kL OXBa `B M L_ LZa L;
@\Q MV\a N^bf je Sa_ Ah bejk_ kB, jbf
LD mLe c_ba ]e] _ka? j A`Z k@ a c
kH? @b Ma Ne[ ]B Lk Nm\H, ]e] k ]e]
c_are LeZ
HB ]e] c_arL [N Le, aX aX L\ Q
LeaL, jbjc[ e _[H, cH jcSe jote `[
`B\a ` [c_ biZ ]DR L jc_ H[L
aTè_k dDW cZi ]e] jceM [f jYR,
dDW _k ['e M], ìL, hl, jy, ajNk- Lc[
j Q Lea aX aX L\?
L\e @R@_ ak_ kj k_
dN jâ Lk O_?
hc @S L\ cTe `hAjm
[' _k AD L'Z? ]hj_ `^_ Dm j[
kBDWm L\NX L [* c_L ah `B\H L aa!
AcL L'Z aX aX L\ Q Le Aj _k _ Lk Aj_k?
@jm L\ km- Ac Sa_ dDR L AjR Ace [ cV
NXL Ah Oj `[eL bej [' Dè d] Lke
mbm AM `Bm- aeX bf M* e kDR _ L'Z LkR
]ke?
]ke [ WL `^_* ANe aj\ m j[afL
MBa SZ [_` hi kmZ j kj kj Lkmk, k ASLm jc [ LkfA L`f kBR
`L[ L\ aTR LH?
54
àj JXA* @ee je

L\V `L[e HL jêZ AmQ_e ai
kBdB\m c_A __ a Me èi èi Lkm, Ae
bB! Ac [ Nea, Ni cmA @bL am jc AcL
LkR Ac`B jc LtR L Lke AMe mk
ak_k c[ Lkm ]M dH- ja bm L\ LkR, j\e
LBSZ AcbfA kBeZ keL[ kDR ?
hL]a a A Ma Mj \A [* Ah* ]e
kBR mL ah A_te MDR j dk cTe
cTe am am `Ne\A - AD L'Z ]eLe? [eLe,
MVB? Me? @baa AD VLH [eLe kD
- _B As ce AD Sc ]eLe _k a_[
bae _k Le @b Lkm - SZm As ASLm
AahL[e @^L MBa a cDS cSmj Le ]c M]
MBa NVH jcSL @è^ LeZ kSe kSe mL H
]he M] a_ Ha a Dàj ekR @M], @^`V
MDR
- k, [ _k AD L'Z
j[ Lk\H- HB HL @[ ]h dDc_ H
]he ce], dDc_* We Le MSZ èl `[l
bae A] kB jeLe [kam $ m DWR, jja a
kDR jeLe* ì ^f k[* `B @\Q Ni cmA,
MVMA `mVR- ]e], ek_ [* e _ce jeLe*
jc dS_ kDR, @VLf kDR, [* LtLe NmR
`Ne - @\Q jc_ ]_L ]_ `mVR jake
jc ^_e jk j[ J @be L\ hZ\m
bS_ ` hi kBdB\m Mm dk LBV `m Me
k`X \A _eLe c jaL\ c_]B hZ\ m j
`hLm- j[aa! [c dk Lkm, [ WL, km H\`B
L'Z Leda LR Lkm _k [
NiL Hke `[a] LeaL `Xa [' aewe
HB jcSL @_, HB @akf, HB @c_iL ìZe
êL b= ]aL Atf_ LeaL ka jeLe
D]j_[L ja]_ `B at Le ]aL ka
jc_* aTB ]aL `Xa be[e A[ HB N
N HB N Ne mL k H ]he jn _NeL jc_
AS [f[f ek_ jc_ H ]he LV LV Ni

cmA
dDc_* e e cj j` e H ]h jcw, Sa
jc_* @akf Le jkecM ahi dS_- HL bm
`]l`
c c Dè mL* j\ `[ jSN H jeLe
HL ]h ]k jeLe
Nic_* Hke `[a ] LeaL `Xa
dc[ kD j `[a ]
Hk RX @_N[ _k LeZ NZ[ e e jeLe
Dè N` `LD_\a HB j`] k jaaf @akf[
NZ[ Lkm c [ aT- HB N`N hj_ê
@b W W kB kjDWm- [c WL LkR
HL]c WL LkR N` `L@, ]a kjm Le Hkk NZ[e
cf`
HB ]e] mLc_* cfL @^Le kjm `B
Hc_* Atf_ LeaL `Xa AcL Atf_ LeaL
`Xa
MBa Lc je dB\m LBV `m k[ ^Ba
`B k k kD\ @_c_ j[ J @be L\e L'Z
aTm LSZ- NVH NVH daL Aec Lm [* e
N[ j_ L\ c_`XNm ckt aa, jcmaa, AD
`mc_ [* Atf_ Leka Lk ba_he _B\m
VLe jW MBaL ]Ada, m= eS ]h_ a LeBa
am `[h [ ]B\m [* e L\e jc_ ba_hee
èX `XA
e `kq\ m jb ]M ]M __] jN_
]m km hie jb b= m afL AD Lke
]M_k VL _k L cZi _k
j]_ kVkV L\ jc_* e c_`Xm jc_
ba\ - HBbf Atf_e Ac `Z c[a aBA km
L? jBW Lka ba_he Nm AcL XL kL _a
jW `kqNm- _c bS\@
Lch...........
55
àj JXA* @ee je
e k_[ : `Leb], mlZ J _eLeZ
X. hM @_je @m
ee mk[LZL Lc kcNa_e @baL Ac

jêZ bie ek_[ am Lk\D Hk ee jaWe
jêZ [\ `bahf eN ee \a "kcNa_'
$ j$ je @cS_ _B ab_ Li `Me `kqB\H
[Z d] "kcNa_' e @ba ]MdH, [a Ac heee
LiNXL jWL c[e @cS_ `B è _k, dke
LeZe ek_[e ab_ mlZ ]MdH afaf Ace
ee kcNa_ jWL c[e \m c^ mk[ e Li
@\a Ae.a.j.e @bae c^ ek_[e mlZ ]MdH
`Leb] :
mk[ e Lie D`]_ J _ ka cê
a[Lc èml[ ka k kDR ek_[e cM LeZ
mk[ e Lie O_[L _B ek_[e ab_ `Leb]
LedBR
1. l] Li ek_[Hk `Lee ek_[e mk[ e Lie ALe
l] kB\H Hke LeZ ab_ `Lee kBè dèL-
(1) kc jhiZe @ja^ , (2) Na_ jhiZe @ja^ ,
(3) jXea L ek_[
kc jhiZ @jaê D]keZ mkk_[ Lc
LZj èZ ]eeN eN kBè WL jkè Na_

jhiZe @jaê LeZ \mjcA Lc kcNa_ j
Lc B kBè jXea L ek_[ S_N[ kBè
Lc jje A^L dN kBè
2. ak] Li ek_[Hk `Lee ek_[e mk[ e Lie ALe
aX kB\H Hk ab_ LeZe kBè dèL(1) cNma L ek_[ (bVc_ a-12 @ba), (2)
\BeHX N x ]i, (3) @[^ L c]`_, (4)
c\VL jV, ]XbX_ bf Ki^
3. jc Li ek_[Hk `Lee ek_[e mk[ e Lie ALe
àa[ jc_ \H L ee kcNa_e c[e kj
OV\H Hk ab_ LeZe kBè dèL (1) è[_
eN, (2) A` L ek_[, (3) kckBVL ek_[
B[]
D`]_ J _L _B c^ ek_[ ab_ LeZe
kBè dèL (1) j Li D`]_, (2) @[^L
Li _, (3) @[^L e àk (4) Sf @he A^L
56
àj JXA* @ee je

mlZ :
@_L mL* We ek_[e LZj mlZ ]MdH
_k L jêZ bae kmA mNa, ]k a\ Lea,
^BjB mNa bf mlZ ]MdH @cS_ Lc ka LeZe
k]d e Ld aYdH dk $ fe R[ ^X`X Lea, dZ
ka Lc NXe Nma af dZ ka bf mlZ
]MdH
èl Lm eNc_* e Qc, _M, ``m J `]
$ L ]MdH afaf NcQ bf _M, Lcf eN,
kX ]af Lc NX O' bf eN c^ ]MdBè
ek_[e $ fje` @[^L k]N[, ]Y _XN`,
eàke @_ c[[ Lc _fe ALe aw B[] c^
]MdBè afaf `X[ mLc_ cV, Oj,
ae$ , LQ, af B[] @M] c^ MA dkL L "`L'
LkdH afaf c^ k[NX $ ma, R[ Sf`X
Lea, a ka, @[^L Tf aka, TXe e `Xa
bf mlZ ]MdH
eN _]_ :
ek_[ cM[ eLie jMe SZ`X [a
Ake c^ @_L `Lee èl LedBè, dc[L
1. kcNa_e ècZ J Bm $ ejj
2. mk[ eLi jM
3. eVL mjBV jM
4. B.Hj.Ae.
5. $ eV_ V_j$ e_, LH V__ e c[
6. $ mV J bVc_ a-12e c[ B[]
[a ab_ ajL ]M kcNa_e ècZ b_
b_ Hk ah jy jNW_ ]e ]r Hk jeZe SZ`X
0 - 5 ai 11 N./XjmV e
5 - 12 ai 11.5 N./X.m.
12 - 15 ai - 12 N./X.m.
ckf (15 aie j_)- 12 N./X.m.
@jr ckf - 11 N./X.m.
èi (15 aie @^L)- 13 N./X.m.
_eLeZ :
ek_[e _eLeZ Hke LeZ [\ ècZ Dè
_be Le $ej jm$V, $ceV Lc N L_V bae
mkLZL ja_ Lm mkk_[e c cfè ab_
bVc_ dèL $ mL HjX Lc bVc_ a-12 c^
ek_[e c ]Bè bVc_ j c^ mke
AeLeZe jkd Le ab_ ]ee^ eNe
Xec_ "He\`HV_' bf Ki^ c^ ]B\ Lcc _
c^ ek_[e LeZ kBè [Z Lc _eLeZ c^
Se e ahiLe @jr ck f Ha m LmSe
R[R[c_* D`d ` Le M] dèL cR, cj,
@, jaS èa, hN, Q_cR B[] ]m jc_
ek_[e `X[ kae jca_ Lc \H afaf
eNc_* mk B& Lj_ Lc e c^ ]aL `X\ H
[Z D`d ` Le M] MBm [\ LZj jce
@[^L e àk km dèL TXe e `Xa , @[^L
cjL F[ja, _Le e `Xa B[] jce Xe* e
èch _m ek_[ kae jca_ Ma Lc
Lucf, JXh
57
àj JXA* @ee je
eh$ f
S[ia] _eZ eD[
ci- aaje l[, cmcL~c, heeL @jy[, èaeL @h , b[aa], ckfc_ k[k[
ka
ai- Lcl[e J aaje mb, @\mb, h[ èS[, auc_* ]e j_[, Nke c= fL Ld,
ckfc_ A_te jc LVBa
c\_- NLe l[e ah< f, Lcl[e @ji, FZ aw, hee @jy, c_jL @h , ckfc_
heeL L bN Lea
LLV- aaje mb, jcSL `[ aw, @\mb, èaeL h , hee jy, bc Lc NkL , h[
èS[, ckfc_ Mje Sa_d`_ Lea
jk- Lcl[e @a_[, a @^L, y_e[ dN @R heeL @jy[, h[ aw, c_jL @h ,
ckfc_ Q [ ka
L_- NLee D_[, ^_mb, FZc , èaeL h , heeL jy[, Nke c= fL Ld, ckfc_
^cLde eka
[f- Lcl[e `]_[, ^_mb, èaeaN* jkd cfa Ldjw ka heeL jy[, au
jkdN, ckfc_ L[Ld ka
aR- Lde j$ f[ cfa, h[ aw, ]ed[e mb, hee @jy eka, ckfc_ ^cLde m
eka
^_- aaje mb, heeL @jy[, èaeL @h , c_jL @h , ckfc_ D`d $ f mb
Lea
cLe- Lcl[e D_[, jcSL `[ mb, Nke c= fL Ld, ^_mb, èaeL @h , hee jy
eka, ckfc_ jM h e Sa_ LVBa
Lc- ^_l, a @^L, auc_ @jaê `LB è , èaeL @h ]M]a, ckfc_ Q [
eka
c_- aaje D_[, j_ aw, ^_mb, h[ ]c_, heeL jy[, c_jL h aw, ckfc_
jMe Sa_ LVBa
58
àj JXA* @ee je

HL @__ `[b : `$ je X. @eZ Lce ake
D`y`_- j]h_ ]j
X. @eZ Lce ake BeS bi jk[ J `N[hf hl l[e HL

w[ DneZ BeS bi jk[e d\ ]Mm \a SZ @S[L M[
j`_ j_c^_ hla[ bae j ah j`[ [ [* e _c cê jba Ha
ècS[ FQ _cf[ k [* a [e @j[ èQ[ jcmè aha]fe
BeSe j[Lre è `.HQ.X. J 2011e d e AceLe AB_ B_
AS[L aha]fe Dn[e j_S_L ` XLV em $ mj` `Bae
jbN @S_ LeèR j`[ j a= mey[ hj[jB aha]fe
BeS abN jkLe `^`L e` @ay`[ J d e AceLe AB_ B_
aha ] fe NaiZ D`] Ha HL^L jyNXL e D`] e` jL[`
BteNu S[ c aha]f (IGNOU) e _ak jdSL J jcmè
aha ] f j[Lre BeS abNe `h j_ ahL ba ] [` Bmy[
AS[L J @_L_L BeS hlL jOe jL jb J @_L_L AS[L
jyNXLe jb e` X ake d\ M[ @S_ LeèR _LV @[[e
]m $ j $ ec [e$ e be[ jd[c (Bharat Excellence) èe `Bae dN aaQ[ kBjeR [* e
A[Sa_ ab_ AS[L Dw[ ` Lc_* e `Lh[ j SZ hv ju_ ^_ [ra[ J AS[L M[ j`_ bi
ahe] NaiZ brL [* e NeM `Lh[ BeS `L- World of Portmenteau, You can speak English with,
Aphonological study of Sambalpuri English, Speaking English AS[L bi[r NaiZ l[e j[ cd]
]a Le H[V ][ aê aakf Sa_ b[e [* e `[V DneZe _Sj AQeZ èml[ kH L\e L\e j
L[ jb @\Q @e= J A[ c_ k@ X ake [* e jtd jc]]][, jcSL _ [ Ha A^[a][
k [* a [e ah L[ Dn L[ @`kq c_ k@ jej[ j^_e Qe [m_ X ake a= mee ata_
y[ [* ajba_e [* j_^ mb Le\ m [`j_ èaee j]j, La, jclL j]h_ ]h
[`j_ @^`_ è HL FQL A`Z aR _m Lc[?
X ake- c aR _k, Hk ce jkS[ @bFQ H FQ ce S_N[, @ycN[, HL @]h h e @s[ AS_
b[e Hk FQ j[e c `XdBR ce `[V hjO[e, `[V eLZLe Hk FQ @_e& [ HkL
RX ]m ce Sa_êZ jca _k LkL J Lc[ [e Dre c `Me _k
[`j_ A`Z* `Lh[ 4 M ` L J 20e Dw bi jcu jtb b[e LD j L A`Z jarc c_Le ?
X ake- jc[ LR c @_ba è_, ce jc j ce _Sj NaiZm @_hf_, jclZ Hk ce ai ai
j^_ J [`je $ f, _eao_ @_Q _e è`L jw
[`j_ BeS bi `[ A`Z H[V `ba[ km LkL?
X ake- bi k bi BeS kD, JXA kD, kt, j dka kD, bie js/èbi [ NVH
[`j_ bie èbi/js L'Z kBè?
29
àj JXA* @ee je

X ake-
Language is open ended, bi j j`

Language is struoturally complex, bi HL SVf `w[
Language is human, bi c_a jcu
[`j_ bie cfê L'Z?

X ake- bie cfê aL, [e ja_c HLL ^_ a a
Phoneme of the minimal unit of Language.
[`j_ X ake[`j_ X ake[`j_ X ake[`j_ X ake-
[`j_ X ake-
^_[r, hv ahiZ k bi[r Hk HL SVf `w[

bi `B aLeZe AahL[ \H L?
k, bi `B aLeZe AahL[ ekR, dk[ aLeZ HL @_hj_ h, Hk biL ècS[ FQ _cf
Le aLeZL bie Brake Lkm kH[ bm ka_k
L[af NVH bi jc^ _L jL[ `H?
_ [ ba bie m` a a \a AahL aLeZ \a J NVH bM, dD bMe jk bie akf
`Qf_ \a AahL [a k jk bi jc^ _L jL[ `Bae dN[ @R am LkdBè @^_[L
be[e 18V bi jc^ _L jL[ `BR
A`Z* j^_e cM jkdN LH?
ce ^c`[ hc[ eh[ ake (_N) j a SZ BeS @^`L ce `[V j$ m[ `Re [* e
ò_ k[ ekR c ]ke R è c AMe `mL è j c[ SN ekR j k ce jLf j^_e
D
A`Z* j$ m[e jaWe ah Mj LDc_ k@ ?
ce NbêZ, ce c' hc[ j m[ ake, ce a` hd keL ake c c c' `Me
Haa @jk, _ ` hh c k
[* e jaL_ `[ c ] e
c c' A]he A]c[ ce
hhe hd jeh Qt _N
ce j$ f[e jaWe ah
A_t[ k@
A`Z* a[ A`Z* èaee
LDc_* ahi bae `ba[
Le
ce ]B`[, @_eN J @_e` L,
ce jk^cZ e_ (eh[)*
30
àj JXA* @ee je

eiB
Q_cR [eLe
jcN1. Q_cR- 500 Nc, 2. NV jei- 1 NcQ,

3. NV Se- 1 NcQ, 4. ` ]_- 1 NcQ, 5.
NV ^_A- 1 NcQ, 6. Lqm* - 8V, 7. ejZ
`MX- 10V, 8. Acm- 2 `MX, 9. kf]- 2
NcQ, 10. Af- c^c ALee 2V, 11. ÀSRV 1V, 12. jei [m, 13. mZ- j] @_je
`Zf1. `\c NV jei, Se, `, ^_A, 2V
Lqm* J 3 `MX ejZ NV N_e VLH `Ze
bSB eM [è aV _@
2. [è cRe `[ L bm bae ake LeL
j$ Le _@ [è mZ J kf] N chB Nf J 15 c_V `B eM ]@
3. Af Q` RXBL c_ Bo ALee LV ÀSL c^ RV RV Le LV Lq m* L mc
ALee LV ejZL RV M Le LV AcmL NV L` `Ze a[eB ]@
4. NV LXBe 3 NcQ jei [m Nec Le [è jB\e cRL bmbae bS
5. NV LXBe NV NcQ jei [m Nec Le
6. 1 NcQ Se `L d[af Se $ VaL mNa ÀS ch j_m e= km `d bS
7. [è aV cjm ch J 3-4 c_V `d Li
8. [è LV Lqm* J LV ejZ ch
9. 2-3 c_V Lim è mZ (j] @_je) ch
10. [è 2 L` `Z ch (`Z Tfe AahL[ @_je chB èa)
11. LXBL 2-3 c_V `B OXB ]@ Tf $ VaL mNm cR ch
12. 2-3 c_V $ Vm è a[e kB\a Acm chBL Nf LXBL OXB 2-3 c_V `B $ V
[è Aqe JkB ]@
13. LV ^_A `[ Dè `L
14. A`Z* Q_cR [eLe ` [ `Mf a Nec b[ jk[ èi
31
àj JXA* @ee je
L]f c& [eLe
jcN1. L]f c& - 1V (HL$ V ALee), 2. Lqm* 3V, 3. ]Y NcQ Se, 4. 1 L` NV jei, 5.
1 L` Le _XA, 6. 1 NcQ mZ, 7. 3 L` ]k,
8. 2 NcQ e$ B_ [m, 9. @^ NcQ c\ ]_,
10. 2 `MX Acm, 11. 2-3V hMm m*
`Zf1. `\c c& Dè \a N`L ake Le
c& L bm bae j$ Le
2. c& L Nm ALee LV J A= f ]e
ake\a ej (j[) j$ Le]@ [è Nm
ALee LV kB\a c& L L_ L_ M Le LV ]@ (ÀS èL)
3. [è c& L @ Of ]ke `LB eM e= Lf _ ka `B Of ]ke `L
4. jei ]_, Se ]_, Le _XA J c\ ]_L @ `Z chB bm bae aV_@ [è aV
kB\a cjmL ]ke chB @mN eM
5. [è Of ]ke bS kB\a c& L `je LLee ]BV jV km `d eu `je
LLee eua af c& e LR `Z chBa AahL _k
6. `je ake Nmè c& L NV LXBL ake Le ]@ J [k cê \a `Z ake Le
]@ J cjm chL \a ]k chB ]@ J eu
7. d[af c& $ VaL mNa [k cê Acm J NV NcQ NDf N ch NDf N TfL
VL akfA LeaL chdH
8. mZ chB Tf akfA km `d eu [è [eLeL NV aX LjL ake Le]@
9. NV LXBe VL e$ B_ [m _@ [m VL Nec kmè jei ]_ J hMm m*
`L jei ]_ $ Vm è [L c& [eLe Dè `LB ]@
10. Hk `Mf a Nec b[ jk[ èi
32
àj JXA* @ee je

@_b* eLX
Sa_e LR _ LR eLX LeaL jc Nk LeZ H
ALV ]_Ae _SL d[ @`XV eM\a A`Z j[L Qne
èje ka d[af [* _ L bae aL cfm
j[af [* _B @_L AmQ_ kB\m jc L_S_e @ OVB _aN[ bae ]hL* c_L LZae jlc
kBR @_b [* e " c `c c `Nf'' emS ka è Ake
@_L `dSL [* _ L bae _a`B NXVL ajR
Hk jk[ j _LVe AD HL eLXe @^LeZ kBèR
_aN[ ba j _Se HL a N[ gajBV MmR H\e
LL Lm ]hLc_ [* aie jahi aaeZ `Bèa
@_b* àe jceh, j_m Lce _S _Se gajBV Mm
jeR _LVe [* e gajBV D_Q_ @ajee HL cS]e
L\ `]L Aj\m `dSL _eZ Qt _L Lk\m d
`\c @_b* _ L bae _aL dS_ Le\ m L mVa a
aS ce_m ANL @_b AD LD LD eLX LeR ]MaL aL ekm
em* @bc_
em @bc_* _B Ha JmDXe Qn NmR @bc_ L\ hZm Hk
`Re L LeZ @R [k SZaL jc* c_e Dk ek\a _ [ em*
@bc_e cfLeZ kDR `c ! `c a_ èe èèL @bc_ a_ `ce
cS _\H AD em d] [L _B @bc_ Lm [a bm ekm LDW? L H
`c aa Sa_e _k ae @b_ Sa_e OVR _L bae @b_ Le\a
em* ANc Qfn[V km ""@bc_ ` ce'' H\e @* [ Qe[e @b_
LeR j \e LmSe eN= Nm\m af @* [ jWe `kq Ad*
aqB\m H\e Aec kH ]B* cê `c AD hie `ce èZ[ ]MaL
]hLc_* kmL daL `Xa [L N` @$ HeV_c a_ee j` ]r*
`S[ Hk $ me cM bcLe @R j_m Lce J _aN[ Nea je
jdS_ LeR aLh h
33
àj JXA* @ee je

JXA Qfn[ ""\Lm''
_[ J j= [L Aê Le _A JXA
$ m ""\Lm ' ' _c[
kDR LR] _ àe JmDXe Qn[ j_ a [ `h _t ""c
[ \m HLVA aAe `l'' hiLe $ mVH Lea am
OiZ Le\m HèL ècL Ld a LRc[e ANB
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34

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