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M hnh OSI

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N i Dung
Gi i thi u v m hnh OSI
Khi ni m Cc quy t c

M hnh tham chi u OSI

Gi i thi u chi ti t 7 t ng c a m hnh OSI Qu trnh x l v v n chuy n c a m t gi d li u

M hnh tham chi u TCP/IP

Khi ni m Gi i thi u chi ti t 4 t ng c a m hnh TCP/IP

So snh m hnh OSI v i m hnh TCP/IP

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M Hnh Tham Chi u OSI

Khi ni m:
M hnh OSI (Open System Interconnection) c t ch c qu c t ISO (International Standardization Organization) xu t vo 1977 v cng b l n u vo 1984 M hnh OSI l 1 khun m u gip chng ta hi u c d li u di chuy n trn m ng nh th no, cc ch c nng m ng di n ra t i m i l p

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M Hnh Tham Chi u OSI

M hnh OSI nh ngha cc quy t c sau:
Cch th c cc thi t b giao ti p v truy n thng v i nhau Cc phng php cc thi t b trn m ng khi no th c truy n d li u, khi no th khng Cc phng php m b o truy n ng d li u v ng bn nh n Cch th c v n t i, truy n, s p x p v k t n i v i nhau

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M Hnh Tham Chi u OSI

Cch th c m b o cc thi t b m ng duy tr t c truy n d li u thch h p Tn hi u dng trnh by d li u trn phng ti n truy n d n Lo i tn hi u c dng

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M Hnh Tham Chi u OSI

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M Hnh Tham Chi u OSI

M hnh OSI

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Application
T ng ng d ng (Application)
Quy nh giao di n gi a ng i s d ng v mi tr ng OSI Cung c p cc phng ti n cho ng i s d ng truy c p Cc ng d ng c cung c p nh cc chng trnh x l k t , b ng bi u, th tn L p ny a ra cc giao th c: HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP3, Telnet

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Presentation
T ng trnh by (Presentation)
C nhi m v phn pht v nh d ng d li u cho t ng ng d ng d li u ti p t c x l ho c hi n th Chuy n i cc thng tin t c php ng i s d ng sang c php ph h p truy n d li u L p ny s nh d ng d li u t l p 7 a xu ng r i g i i m b o sao cho bn thu c th c c d li u c a bn pht

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Presentation
T ng trnh by (Presentation)
Ngoi ra l p ny c th nn d li u truy n v m ha chng tr c khi truy n b o m t Cc chu n nh d ng d li u c a l p 6 l GIF, JPEG, MP3, MPEG

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Session
T ng Giao D ch (Session)
C ch c nng thi t l p, qu n l, v duy tr phin thng tin giao d ch gi a hai h th ng Gi i quy t nh ng v n v ng b ha, m b o r ng khng ai th y cc phin b n khng nh t qun c a d li u Cc giao th c trong l p 5 s d ng l: NFS (Network File System), X- Window System, ASP

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Transport
T ng v n chuy n (Transport)
T ng ny xc nh a ch trn m ng, cch th c chuy n giao gi tin trn c s tr c ti p gi a hai u mt Cc kh i d li u c phn thnh nh ng gi nh , cc gi d li u nh ny g i l cc Segment T ng ny phn o n d li u t h th ng my truy n v ti thi t l p d li u t i my nh n m b o vi c truy n cc thng tin l ng tin c y (end-to-end)

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Transport
T ng v n chuy n (Transport)
b o m c vi c truy n n nh trn m ng t ng ny th ng nh s cc gi tin v m b o chng chuy n theo th t Cc giao th c ph bi n t i y l TCP, UDP, SPX.

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Transport
T ng v n chuy n (Transport)
Cc d ch v k t n i t ng v n chuy n:
- X p th t cc phn o n - Ki m sot l i - Ki m sot lu ng

Cc k thu t truy n t i t i t ng ny:

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Phi k t n i (Connectionless transmission) nh h ng k t n i (Connection oriented) B t tay 3 b c (Three way handshake) Ki m sot dng (Flow control) Xc th c khi truy n (Acknowledgement) Th a thu n tr c khi truy n (Windowing)

Cc D ch V K t N i

T ng V n Chuy n

X p th t cc phn o n:
Khi 1 thng i p l n c tch thnh nhi u phn o n nh bn giao, l p v n chuy n s s p x p th t cc phn o n v ng gi l i

Ki m sot l i:
Khi c phn o n b sai, trng l p th n s yu c u truy n l i

Ki m sot lu ng:
Dng tn hi u bo nh n xc nh n Bn g i s khng truy n d li u n u bn nh n cha g i tn hi u xc nh n nh n c d li u
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K Thu t Truy n T i

T ng V n Chuy n

Phi k t n i (Connectionless transmission)

L ki u k t n i n l , khng tham gia vo qu trnh s a l i v i u khi n l i Vd: chng ta c th g i 1 l th cho 1 ng i m ng i ny khng bi t cng nh khng c n ng i ph i lm g

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K Thu t Truy n T i

T ng V n Chuy n

nh h ng k t n i (Connection oriented)
L k t n i m cc nt bn trong c th s a l i v i u khi n dng VD: H th ng i n tho i l m t k t n i c nh h ng, v n i h i ng i u bn kia ph i nh c my ln m i b t u truy n tin

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K Thu t Truy n T i

T ng V n Chuy n

B t tay 3 b c (Three way handshake)

V i k thu t ny th tr c khi g i v nh n th cc my ph i th a thu n v i nhau vi c k t n i nh th no

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K Thu t Truy n T i

T ng V n Chuy n

Ki m sot dng (Flow control)

l k thu t ki m tra cc gi tin b l i, b m t trn ng truy n Cc gi tin b m t c th do 2 nguyn nhn sau:
- Do my g i n m trn 1 bng thng r ng l n v c th g i i cng lc nhi u gi tin nhng my nh n th l i n m trn 1 bng thng r t nh

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K Thu t Truy n T i

T ng V n Chuy n

- Do cng 1 th i i m c nhi u my g i d li u cng m t lc n 1 my ti p nh n

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K Thu t Truy n T i

T ng V n Chuy n

m b o c ch t l ng c a vi c g i nh n, cc my nh n c trang b thm 1 vng nh m (Buffer) Thay v nh n v x l cc gi tin tr c ti p th by gi c b nh m m trch vi c ny Lc ny my nh n ch c n l y thng tin t b nh m ln v x l

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K Thu t Truy n T i

T ng V n Chuy n

Xc th c khi truy n (Acknowledgement)

Khi my g i truy n thng tin cho my nh n n lun ch my nh n thng bo l i l c nh n c gi tin khng r i n m i g i gi tin ti p theo

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K Thu t Truy n T i

T ng V n Chuy n

Th a thu n tr c khi truy n (Windowing)

K thu t ny tng t nh Acknowledgement nhng n c 1 vi c i ti n My g i v my nh n ph i th a thu n 1 kch th c c th c a 1 gi tin tr c khi g i

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K Thu t Truy n T i

T ng V n Chuy n

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Network
T ng m ng (Network)
T ng ny c nhi m v xc nh vi c chuy n h ng, v ch ng i cho cc gi tin trn m ng (ch c nng nh tuy n) Quy t nh ng i t my tnh ngu n n my tnh ch Qu n l lu l ng trn m ng, nh tuy n, v ki m sot s t c ngh n c a d li u

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Network
M t s Giao th c t ng ny:
IP, IPX, RIP, OSPF, AppleTalk (s d ng cho MAC OS)

M t s k thu t nh tuy n trn t ng m ng:

Chuy n m ch knh (Circuit Switching) Chuy n m ch tin (Message Switching) Chuy n m ch gi (Packet Switching)

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Network
M t s thi t b ho t ng
Switch Layer3

t ng ny:

Router

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Data Link
T ng lin k t d li u (Data link)
C nhi m v nh a ch v ki m tra ng k t n i gi a m ng v thi t b ng gi v phn pht cc gi tin T ng ny lin quan n:
a ch v t l c a cc thi t b m ng M hnh m ng C ch truy c p ng truy n Thng bo l i Th t phn ph i cc Frame (khung d li u)

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Data Link
T ng Data link c chia thnh 2 l p con:
L p con MAC (Media Access Control i u khi n phng ti n truy c p)
- Cung c p giao di n v i adapter m ng - Driver cho adapter m ng th ng c g i l MAC driver

L p con LLC (Logical Link Control i u khi n lin k t logic)

- Qu n l ng link gi a cc thi t b lin l c trong m ng

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Data Link
Frame d li u t i t ng DataLink

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Data Link
MAC header:
Ch a Source MAC v MAC c a my nh n

IP header:
Ch a Source IP v IP c a my nh n

TCP:
Quy nh cc Protocol, Port, ki u truy n l TCP hay UDP

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Data Link
Data:
L n i dung c a gi d li u

Trailer:
Ch a cc thng tin dng ki m tra l i

VD: m t my A (MAC A, IP A) g i mail cho my B (MAC B, IP B) th c Frame nh sau:

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Data Link
M t s thi t b ho t ng Link
Switch

t ng Data-

Bridge

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Physical
T ng v t l (Physical)
ra yu c u v nh ng phng ti n k thu t c n thi t trn phng di n v t l v quy nh kho ng cch k t n i gi a my g i v my nh n K t c u v t l c a m ng (Physical Topology) Cung c p cc chu n v i n, dy cp, u n i, i n p, t c cp truy n d n Cc u n i v t l: RJ45, DB9, DB25

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Physical
M t s thi t b ho t ng
Repeater

t ng v t l

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Physical
M t s thi t b ho t ng
HUB

t ng v t l

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Qu trnh x l v v n chuyn c a gi d li u

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S Lin Lc Gia Cc Tng Trong M Hnh OSI

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S Lin Lc Gia Cc Tng Trong M Hnh OSI Qu trnh x l v v n chuy n c a gi d li u

VD th c t : M t ng i g i 1 l th
Cho th vo b th ( u 1) Ghi r a ch trn b th ( u 2) Ng i a th cho vo 1 ci b c l n ( u 3) G i ra xe chuy n i ( ng truy n d n)

Pha ng i nh n:
- Ng i a th l y th ra kh i b c (bc u 3) - Ng i nh n s nh n th c a h d a vo a ch trn phong b (bc u 2) - Ng i nh n bc th ra v c th (bc u 1)
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M Hnh OSI
Tm l i:

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M Hnh Tham Chi u TCP/IP

Khi ni m:
M hnh TCP/IP c b qu c phng m nghin c u v sng l p ra Nh m p ng nhu c u truy n thng m i lc m i ni, b t k i u ki n g k c trong th i chi n M hnh tham chi u TCP/IP tng t v i m hnh OSI

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M Hnh Tham Chi u TCP/IP

c i m:
C t thng tin thnh nh ng gi nh d dng i qua b ph n truy n t i trung gian Tng tc v i ph n c ng c a thi t b u cu i m ng Xc nh a ch ngu n v a ch ch nh tuy n cho cc gi d li u Ki m tra l i, ki m sot lu ng v xc nh n Ch p nh n d li u t ng d ng v truy n n t i m ng ch

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M Hnh Tham Chi u TCP/IP

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So Snh M Hnh OSI v TCP/IP

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M Hnh Tham Chi u TCP/IP

Application
G m cc ng d ng nh: FTP, SMTP, HTTP, DNS

Transport
Bao g m 2 giao th c: TCP, UDP

Internet
Nghi th c IP (Internet protocol)

Network Interface
C tnh ch t tng t nh 2 l p Datalink v Physical c a ki n trc OSI
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M Hnh Tham Chi u TCP/IP

Cc b c ng gi d li u trong m hnh TCP/IP

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So Snh M Hnh OSI v TCP/IP

Gi ng nhau:
u c ki n trc phn l p u c cc l p Transport, Network S d ng k thu t chuy n Packet

Khc nhau:
M hnh TCP/IP k t h p l p Presentation v Session vo trong l p Application M hnh TCP/IP k t h p l p DataLink, Physical vo trong 1 l p

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