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Smith Chart Tutorial Part 2 - Transmission Line Matching

Solution of matching problems on a Smith Chart

Γ Zo ZL

Z L − Zo
Γ =
Z L + Zo
If ZL = Zo then all the power is transmitted to the load.
If ZL ≠ Zo then some power will be reflected ie mismatched.

Matching

add element to T.L to make Γ → 0.

jXm Matching reactance

Matching susceptance

1
a ZL b or YL
ZL

jBm

L1 L1

Series Matching Shunt,Stub,parallel

matching
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(a) Series Matching

(1) Plot ZL = ZL/Zo on Smith Chart.

(2) Draw VSWR circle through ZL.

(3) Transform ZL to ZL’ by moving BACKWARDS from ZL to the r=1 circle.

(4) Here ZL’ = 1 + jXL’ ∴read XL’ from Smith Chart.

(5) Add matching element Xm = -XL’ at this point. The total impedance =

ZL = 1 + jXL’ + jXm .

= 1 + jXL’- jXL’ = 1 + j0 (centre of Smith Chart - matched).

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-jXL’

Z(in) = 1+j0 ZL

BACKWARDS by L/λg takes us to L

Zin.
L/λg
XL’

ZL’ = 1+jXL’
ZL/Zo

Vmin
VSWR

r=1

Series Stubs
XL = Inductive

ZL/Zo

ZL’ = 1+jXL’

Short circuit Open circuit

r=1

XL = Capacitive
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(b) Shunt Matching

(1) Plot ZL.

(2) Transform to YL (diametrically opposite point).

(3) Proceed as for the series matching case, but using the Smith Chart as an admittance
diagram.ie ⇒ g = 1 circle, read off BL’ , add Bm = -BL’ at distance L.

NOTE +ve Susceptance is a shunt capacitance and -ve is a shunt inductance.

L/λg
B L’

YL/Yo ZL’ = 1+jXL’

Vmin
VSWR
r=1

ZL/Zo

Shunt Stubs
BL = capacitive

YL/Yo

YL’ = 1+jBL’

Open circuit Short circuit

ZL/Zo

r=1

BL = Inductive