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13082011 Llnfuhrung ln lngenleugeophyslk lachgebleL Ceohydraullk und lngenleurhydrologle
1he Saga|ng Iau|t |n 8urma 1ecton|c

Sett|ng re|ated h|stor|ca| Larthquakes
and the My|tsone nydropower ro[ect
8eferenL
Lln Aung 1helk
8egeneraLlve Lnerglen und Lnergleefflzlenz
unlverslLaL kassel
1
13082011
Llnfuhrung ln lngenleugeophyslk lachgebleL Ceohydraullk und lngenleurhydrologle
ontents
8eglonal and Lopographlc Map of 8urma
Ma[or 1ecLonlcs unlLs of 8urma
Sagalng laulL
1ecLonlc PlsLory
leaLures
8elaLed LarLhquakes
1he MylLsone Pydro power ro[ecL
8ackground
LnvlronmenLal lmpacLs
2
13082011
MAP of Google earth
Major Tectonic Units of Burma
3
13082011
llg 8urma and relaLlng Aslan CounLrles
llg 1opographlc Map of 8urma
eg|ona| 1opograph|c Map
Area 678,000km
2
Population 54Mil. est. (2011)
13082011
Ma[or 1ecton|c Un|ts of 8urma
1 Shan1anlnLharyl unlL
2 CenLral Cenozolc unlL
3 lndo8urma 8anges unlL
lndo8urma 8anges unlL
CenLral Cenozolc unlL
Shan1anlnLharyl
unlL
$an
PIateau
HimaIayas
13082011
1 ulsLrlbuLlon of 8asln
uepocenLre
2 SLrucLural lnverslon
3 1he Sagalng laulL
1he CenLral volcanlcLlne
Ma[or 1ecton|c Un|ts of 8urma
ig. Tectonic Settings of the
S and the surround regions
13082011
Major Tectonic Units of Burma
7
13082011
1he Saga|ng Iau|t
1ecton|c n|story
ndo-Australian Plate's collision with Eurasian Continent
( Eocene epoch, appx. 50-55 million years ago (Ma) )
resulted in Himalaya mountains
The northwards drift & CCW rotation of ndian Plate
Convergence along the plate's east boundary with Eurasia @ oblique Angle
Evolution of Sumatra ault System, The Sagaing ault in Burma, the
obliquely-opening of Adamen Sea
(since the Oligocene ca. 32 Ma)
Sagaing ault : Age 6 to 15 Ma
8
13082011
ig. Mt. Everst at Sunset
1ecton|c n|story
The drift of ndian
Plate northward
toward the Burma
and Eurasian
Plates
rom
Early Cretaceous
(appx. 130Ma)
through
Middle Eocene
( appx. 50Ma )
To
Late Oligocene
(Apprx. 27 Ma)
1he Saga|ng Iau|t
13082011
ig. Northeast Motion of ndia Plate
1he Sag|ng Iau|t
1ecton|c n|story Ieatures
Slchuan rov
M 7
May 2008
n SumaLra
M
SepL 2011
10
13082011
1he Sag|ng Iau|t
Ieatures
1200-km-long Strike-slip ault
One of the great strike-slip aults of SE Asia (Curray et al. 1979; Le Dain et al. 1984 )
bisecting Burma from north to South
The principal right-lateral boundary bet. Sunda and Burma Plates (Curray et al.
1979; Bird 2003; Curray 2005)
Ends at Adman Sea Spreading System
North end fans out towards the eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (Curray 2005)
Like the San Andreas ault in California
Compare to great Sumatran ault in ndonesia (Sieh & Natawidjaja 2000)
its trace is smooth geometry and continuous (Le Dain et al. 1984).
uniform-fault-slip behavior
11
13082011
MAP of Google earth
1he Sag|ng Iau|t
Ieatures
12
13082011
$HAN
PLATEAU
BAGO
MBT
OMPRE$$ON
AL HOR$E- TAL
MT
MV
JM
YANGON
$HWEBO
WCF
E
S
F
W
S
F
EXTEN$ONAL
HOR$E- TAL
velocity 10 to 25 mm/yr along S
(compare to 48mm/yr P & EP)
Compressional Horstail structure
(North End)
Extensional Horstail structure
( in Adman Sea)
1he Sag|ng Iau|t
Ieatures
13
13082011
1he Sag|ng Iau|t
Ieatures
250 km Wide
Extensional Zone
at the Southern Portion of the S
1
13082011
Te reIated Eart6uakes
General line
of weakness
Sagaing
ault
Ref. Chhibber, 1934
1
13082011
Rangoon
ig. Some Historical
Earthquakes regions
related to S
ig. Recorded
Earthquakes
along the S
around 1930s
(Ref. J.C. Brown, 1934 )
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13082011
Sagaing
Earthquakes
24.07.1485
23.03.1839
16.07.1956 M7.0
Ava Era
Earthquakes
AD1429, AD1467, AD1501,
8.06.1620, 11.09.1646,
11.06.1648, 01.09.1660,
03.04.1690, 08.08.1714
- .04.1762, 15.07.1771
09.06.1776, 26.04.1830
21.03.1839, 23.03.1839
$againg, Ava, ManadaIy
Region Eart6uakes
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13082011
Pyinmana 10.08.1931
Swa 08.08.1929
Phyu 03.12.1930
Aftershock Zone
04-29 December 1930
Phyu (Daik U- Oaktwin Segment)
100km
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13082011
Pegu City AD 868, AD 875, 13.09.1564,
(Bago) AD1567, AD1582, AD1588, AD1590
04.06.1757, 27.12.1768, 26.04.1830,
08.10.1888, 06.03.1913, 05.07.1917,
05.05.1920
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13082011
1he My|tsone nydro power ro[ect
rrawaddy River
Backgroud nformation
Etymology rawati (Pali)
Physiography onfIuece: N'mai & Mali
(Himalaya glaciers in N. Burma ca. 28N)
Mout: through nine-armed
rrawaddy Delta inot the ndian Ocean
Length 2,170 km
MaIi N'mai
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13082011
rrawaddy River &
its Geo-Sociology
Backgroud nformation
Hydrograpy
avg. Discharge at Delta 32,600m
3
2,300m
3
/s
Avg popuIation density 79 people/km
2
in Basin
ities Mitkyina, Sagaing,Mandalay,
Prome, Rangoon
>45 towns
Te centraI Basin & IowIands
covers 255,081 km
2
(40%of total)
21
13082011
Myitsone H.Power Project
-Vicinity of Sagaing
ault
- <100km
- Burma China Border
20 Aug 2008 M5.3
- 50th largest Power
stations (world)
- watershed Area
42 729km
2
- Chines Govt. &
Burmese militry Junta
(signed late 2006)
22
90 % Elect. mport to China.
13082011
mpact on rrawaddy River
& Economic/EcoIogy
-Key Biodiversity Areas &
conservation areas
- Eastern Himalayan
Alpine Schrub and
Meadows
- Northern Triangle
Temperature/Subtropical
orests
- World Centers of Plant
Diversity (CPD)
23
,, threaten the existance of Burma ,,
13082011
onc|us|on
Te $againg FauIt
continental transform fault between the ndia and
Eurasian / Sunda Plates
convergence zone along the Himalayan front &
spreading center in the Adaman Sea
bisecting Burma from North to South
one of the most active in the world GPS-derived
Slip rate 18mm/yr (Socquet et.al., 2006)
Several M>7 Eathquakes along in the last century
Construction of seven Dams < 100km from S
from China govt. owned Company
2
13082011
Spec|a| 1hank eference
Win Naing, Tectonic of Myanmar, Department of Geology, Yangon University.
Yu Wang, Sieh, Kerry, Thura Aung, Soe Min, Khaing, S.N., Tun, S.T., 2001 Earthquakes and slip
rate of the southern Sagaing fault: insights from an offset ancient fort wall, lower Burma (Myanmar),
Geophysical Journal nternational.
Tsutsumi, H., Sato, T., Tectonic Geomorphology of the Southernmost Sagaing ault and Surface
Rupture Associated with the May 1930 Pegu (Bago) Earthquake, Myanmar, Aug 2009, Bulletin of the
Seismoslogial Society of America.
Socquet, A.,Vigny,C.,Chamot-Rooke,N., Wim Simons,Rangin,C.,and Ambrosius, B., ndia und
Sunda Plates motion and deformation along their boundary in Myamar determined by GPS, Journal
of Geophysical Research, Vol.3
Socquet, A.,Vigny,C.,Chamot-Rooke,N.,Pubellier,M., Marie-Noelle Bouin, Bertrand,G., M.
Becker,2003, Present-day crustal deformation around Sagaing aultm, Myanmar, Journal of
Geophysical Research, Vol.108
Tint Lwin Swe, 12.07.2008,Myanmar Earthquake Committee Myanmar Engineering Society,
Seismicity and Earthquake Hazard along the Sagaing ault, Myanmar Engineerng Society.
Damming the rrawaddy, Kachin Environmental Organization
Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association (BANCA), Oct.2009, Environmental mpact
Assessmet (Special nvestigation ) on Hydropower Development of Ayeyarwady River Basin Above
Myitkyina, Kachin State, Myanmar
Special thanks to Prf. U Win Naing, U Tin Lwin Swe, Dr. M.P. Searle for their kind contribution.
2
13082011
Many 1hanks for your Attent|on!
2
13082011
27
13082011
Bay of BengaI
ENTRAL
ENOZO UNT
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13082011 Llnfuhrung ln lngenleugeophyslk lachgebleL Ceohydraullk und lngenleurhydrologle

1he Saga|ng Iau|t |n 8urma 1ecton|c

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