The steam turbine is a mechanical device that uses thermal energy contained in pressurized

steam to transIorm into mechanical energy, through rotation oI blades, all this in a very eIIicient
way. The rotary motion oI the turbine is appropriate to drive an electrical generator. Owing to
thermodynamic principles much improvements have been made to steam turbines and nowadays
about 80 percent oI our electricity generation comes Irom steam turbines. (Britannia
Encyclopedia; Energy Nexus group, 2002). Large commercial turbines are being developed to
handle steam at high temperature and pressure with aim oI increasing eIIiciency. In terms oI
materials used, lots oI eIIorts are being made in improving blade perIormances, reducing leak
losses. This has been possible through 3-D design blades using computational Iluid
dynamics(CFD) (WilIried Ulm; 2003). In this way diIIerent types oI steam turbines have been
devised and they are the Condensing, Non-condensing, Back pressure and Condensing
Extraction. CET , consists oI openings in the casing Irom which steam at intermediate pressure
can be extracted Ior other processes such as heating. The process can be regulated to balance
between extracted steam and amount required Ior power generation. Some turbines can have
diIIerent extraction points at diIIerent pressure corresponding to a diIIerent temperature. Used
Ior CHP applications. Condensing turbine is the primary type used Ior power generation. It
discharges the steam directly into a condenser that maintains vacuum conditions at the outlet.
Due to vacuum conditions, there can be small air leaks, a small compressor is used to remove
non-condensable gases. The turbine processes is believed to be very eIIicient. ( A.K Prakash;
Amit.P.S; Manish.T, 2006). In The non-condensing turbine high-pressure steam is expanded up
to a lower pressure. This low pressure steam is exhausted to the atmosphere. This is very
ineIIicient since power generation capability reduces considerably. Backpressure turbine rejects
the steam aIter that it has been expanded to its lowest pressure. This steam can be used Ior both
heat supply and power production.