Solid State

solid state

Relation between edge length (a), radius of sphere (r) in different types of cubic unit cells For simple cube, a = 2
r For face centred cube, a = 2 2r

For body centred cube a =

Relation between nearest neighbours distance (d) and edge length (a) for cubic unit cell. For simple cubic, d = a
For face centred = 0.707 a. cubic, d =

For body centred cubic d =

Calculation of number of particles per unit cell contribution of each atom present on the corner = 1/8 contribution of each atom present on the face = 1/2 contribution of each atom present on the edge centre = 1/4 contribution of each atom present at the body centre = 1 Relation between radius ratio and C.N.
Radius ratio (r+/r-) 0.155-0.225 Possible co-ordination number of cation 3 Structural Arrangement Trigonal planar Examples

B2O3

0.215-0.414

Tetrahedral

Zns, Cacl2, CuBr, Hgs

0.414-0.732 0.732-1

6 8

Octahedral Cubic

Nacl, kBr, Mgo, Cao Cscl, CsBr, CsI NH4Br

Number of mol per unit cell =

Where M = molar mass

Number of atoms per unit cell = No. of mol Avogadro's Number Z =

Calculation of density (p) of a cubic crystal from its edge length (a) Density p =

Bragg equation n

= 2d sin

 wavelength of incident x - rays d = interplanar distance = Angle of reflection or diffraction N = order of reflection or diffraction