Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Schematics
Electrical/Electronic
Symbols
In addition to the
schematic
symbols initially
introduced, there
are a few more
that are used.
Electrical schematic diagram styles
found in GM service manuals.
Service Manual Symbols
In addition to the electrical/electronic
symbols. Service manuals commonly
use different symbols.
Typical Power and Ground
Distribution.
This is an
example of a
power distribution
schematic.
It shows how
voltage is applied
from the positive
battery terminal
to the various
circuits on the
car.
Typical Power and Ground
Distribution.
Battery voltage is applied through the B
terminal of the starter solenoid, fusible link B,
the red wire, and connector C100 to the CTSY
fuse and tail fuse and the fuse block.
These fuses are “HOT at all TIMES,” since
battery voltage is always supplied to them.
Typical Power and Ground
Distribution.
Battery voltage is also applied through fusible
link C and the RED wire to the ignition switch.
The ignition switch supplies voltage in RUN,
BULB TEST or START through the PNK wire to the
turn fuse and gauge fuse.
Therefore, these fuses are “HOT in RUN, BULB
TEST, or START.”
Ground Distribution
This is an example of the Ground
Distribution.
It shows which components share this
ground.
This information can be a timesaver when
troubleshooting ground circuits.
Circuit Faults and Diagnosis
Circuit Faults
The various failures that occur in a
circuit will, dictate what must be done
to repair the problem. These failures
can be categorized as follows.
Open
The open is a physical break in the path
of current flow.
In a series circuit, the circuit stops
operating.
In parallel circuits, an open in one
branch will stop operation of that
branch, but the other branches will
continue to operate.
The ohmmeter is useful in finding the
open with continuity checks.
Short to Ground
The short to ground is where the circuit
is grounded due to insulation
breakage.
The conductor touches a ground,
causing the fuse or fusible link to blow.
If there is no fuse, the circuit may burn,
and even cause flames.
If the short occurs after the load, circuit
may be lost causing operation when it
is not wanted.
The test light is a good device in this
case.
Short to Ground
Place the test light in place of the fuse.
Disconnect circuit components in a
systematic and logical manner.
When the test light goes out, the part of
the circuit with the condition will be
found.
Short to Voltage
The short to voltage is a condition
where a circuit, due to insulation
breakage, causes the conductor to
touch the voltage of another circuit.
This will cause the circuit to operate
improperly.
This problem can cause odd things to
occur, and can be difficult to find.
To Locate this problem, a thorough
examination, using steps one and two
of “Troubleshooting Philosophy.”
Short to Voltage
Observe the symptoms to recognize
associated circuits involved.
Isolation by removing fuses will help
isolate the circuit branches involved.
Then voltage and resistance checks at
strategic locations will isolate the
problem.
High-Resistance Problems