Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
nLroducLlon
1he sclenLlflc meLhod ls a meLhod of procedure whlch lncludes maklng observaLlons researchlng
answers and formulaLlng hypoLhesls conducLlng experlmenLs collecLlng daLa lnLerpreLlng daLa
formlng concluslons and repeaLlng Lhe experlmenL SclenLlsLs use Lhls meLhod Lo show LhaL Lhey are
belng Lhorough ln Lhelr lnvesLlgaLlons Cne of Lhe mosL lmporLanL aspecLs of uslng Lhe sclenLlflc meLhod
ls Lhe formulaLlon of hypoLheses n any experlmenL sclenLlsLs form Lwo dlsLlncL hypoLheses A null
hypoLhesls and an alLernaLe hypoLhesls A null hypoLhesls ls wrlLLen for Lhe purpose of sLaLlng LhaL Lhe
sclenLlsL predlcLs LhaL Lhere wlll be no change or correlaLlon beLween varlables 1he alLernaLe
hypoLhesls' funcLlon ls Lhe exacL opposlLe L ls wrlLLen Lo sLaLe LhaL Lhe sclenLlsL wlll flnd a correlaLlon or
a change beLween varlables n Lhls lab Lhe sclenLlsLs wroLe slx separaLe hypoLheses Lo cover slx
varlables A correlaLlon shows a relaLlonshlp beLween varlables and sclenLlsLs use correlaLlons as a
means of evaluaLlng Lhe relaLlonshlp beLween Lhe varlables used ln Lhe experlmenL CorrelaLlons are
evaluaLed uslng a maLhemaLlcal quanLlLy called Lhe correlaLlon coefflclenL n Lhls parLlcular experlmenL
Lhe sclenLlsLs used Lhe earson roducL MomenL as lL demonsLraLes well Lhe sLrengLh or weakness of
relaLlonshlp beLween varlables
urpose
1he purpose of Lhls laboraLory experlmenL ls Lo lnLroduce sLudenL sclenLlsLs Lo Lhe sclenLlflc meLhod
Lhrough a real handson experlmenL
CuesLlons
1 Wlll Lhere be a correlaLlon beLween hand lengLh and wrlsL lengLh?
2 Wlll Lhere be a correlaLlon beLween arm lengLh and sLandlng helghL?
3 Wlll Lhere be a correlaLlon beLween shoulderarm lengLh and kneeboLLom of fooL lengLh?
PypoLheses
1 (null hypoLhesls) 1here wlll be no correlaLlon beLween a person's hand lengLh and wrlsL
clrcumference
2 (AlLernaLe hypoLhesls) ) 1here wlll be a correlaLlon beLween a person's hand lengLh and wrlsL
clrcumference
3 (null hypoLhesls) 1here wlll be no correlaLlon beLween a person's arm lengLh and sLandlng
helghL
4 (AlLernaLe hypoLhesls) ) 1here wlll be a correlaLlon beLween a person's arm lengLh and sLandlng
helghL
3 (null hypoLhesls) 1here wlll be no correlaLlon beLween a person's shoulderelbow lengLh and
kneeboLLom of fooL lengLh
6 (AlLernaLe hypoLhesls) 1here wlll be a correlaLlon beLween a person's shoulderelbow lengLh
and kneeboLLom of fooL lengLh
LxpecLaLlons
1 1here wlll be no correlaLlon beLween a person's hand lengLh and wrlsL clrcumference because lL
sLands Lo reason LhaL Lhe longer Lhe person's hand ls probably has noLhlng Lo do wlLh Lhelr wrlsL
clrcumference
2 1here wlll be a correlaLlon beLween a person's arm lengLh and Lhelr sLandlng helghL because lL
sLands Lo reason LhaL Lhere ls a raLlo of Lallness Lo arm lengLh speclflc Lo each person
3 1here wlll be no correlaLlon beLween a person's shoulderelbow lengLh and kneeboLLom of fooL
lengLh because ls sLands Lo reason LhaL Lhere ls no raLlo beLween Lhe lengLh of one's shoulder
elbow and Lhelr kneeboLLom of Lhe fooL
MaLerlals and MeLhods
1he sLudenL sclenLlsLs use one sLandard meLrlc measurlng Lape Lo conducL Lhls lnvesLlgaLlon 1hls was
used Lo compare varlous human body parLs Lo deLermlne wheLher Lhere would be any correlaLlon
beLween Lhem n Lhls case would Lhere be any correlaLlon beLween a person's hand lengLh and wrlsL
clrcumference arm lengLh and sLandlng helghL and shoulderelbow as well as kneeboLLom of Lhe fooL
1he daLa collecLed was measured ln lncremenLs of cenLlmeLers 1he sLudenL sclenLlsLs uLlllzed Lhe
erson roducLMomenL as a meLhod of evaluaLlng Lhelr correlaLlons 1he daLa ls presenLed uslng Lhls
model vla MlcrosofL Lxcel spreadsheeLs (uaLa and graphs) 1he sLudenL sclenLlsLs lnvolved ln Lhls
experlmenL are as follows uana Lrlc and !usLln
8esulLs
Pand LengLh (cm) WrlsL Clrcumference (cm)
193 173
16 133
193 17
19 13
173 166
20 17
18 168
173 17
173 16
18 183
0291410887
14
143
13
133
16
163
17
173
18
183
19
13 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
W
r
|
s
t
C
|
r
c
u
m
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
(
c
m
)
nand Length (cm)
nand Length vs Wr|st C|rcumference
WrlsL Clrcumference (cm)
Llnear (WrlsL Clrcumference
(cm))
Arm LengLh (cm) SLandlng PelghL (cm)
80 183
70 160
793 182
773 179
71 1643
77 182
78 176
72 1693
74 168
79 174
0907980173
133
160
163
170
173
180
183
68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82
t
a
n
d
|
n
g
n
e
|
g
h
t
(
c
m
)
Arm Length (cm)
Arm Length vs tand|ng ne|ght
Serles1
Llnear (Serles1)
Shoulder Lo Llbow (cm) knee Lo looL (cm)
34 33
32 43
33 33
33 33
31 49
303 32
34 483
32 473
323 48
34 313
0367708086
1able 1 shows LhaL Lhere was llLLle correlaLlon beLween hand lengLh and wrlsL clrcumference 1he resulL
(0291410887) of calculaLlng Lhe erson roducLMomenL fell ln Lhe range of 3 r 1 1able 2 shows
LhaL Lhere was a loL of correlaLlon beLween arm lengLh and sLandlng helghL 1he resulL (0907980173) of
calculaLlng Lhe erson roducLMomenL fell ln Lhe range of 3 r 1 1he resulL ls greaLer because Lhe
daLa flgure 0907980173 ls closer Lo 1 1able 3 showed LhaL Lhere was llLLle correlaLlon beLween
44
46
48
30
32
34
36
30 31 32 33 34 33 36
n
e
e
t
o
I
o
o
t
(
c
m
)
hou|der to L|bow(cm)
hou|derL|bow Length (cm) and nee 8ottom
of the Ioot Length (cm)
Serles1
Llnear (Serles1)
shoulderelbow lengLh and kneeboLLom of Lhe fooL lengLh 1he resulL (0907980173) of calculaLlng Lhe
earson roducLMomenL fell ln Lhe range of 3 r 1 1he resulLs for boLh Lable 1 and 3 show a llLLle
correlaLlon because Lhe flgures are closer ln range Lo 3
Concluslon
1he purpose of Lhls laboraLory experlmenL ls Lo lnLroduce sLudenL sclenLlsLs Lo Lhe sclenLlflc meLhod
Lhrough a real handson experlmenL
1 (null hypoLhesls) 1here wlll be no correlaLlon beLween a person's hand lengLh and wrlsL
clrcumference
2 (AlLernaLe hypoLhesls) ) 1here wlll be a correlaLlon beLween a person's hand lengLh and wrlsL
clrcumference
3 (null hypoLhesls) 1here wlll be no correlaLlon beLween a person's arm lengLh and sLandlng
helghL
4 (AlLernaLe hypoLhesls) ) 1here wlll be a correlaLlon beLween a person's arm lengLh and sLandlng
helghL
3 (null hypoLhesls) 1here wlll be no correlaLlon beLween a person's shoulderelbow lengLh and
kneeboLLom of fooL lengLh
6 (AlLernaLe hypoLhesls) 1here wlll be a correlaLlon beLween a person's shoulderelbow lengLh
and kneeboLLom of fooL lengLh
8egardlng experlmenL 1 ln whlch A and 8 varlables were compared for correlaLlon Lhe sLudenL
sclenLlsLs accepL Lhelr null hypoLhesls 1he slze of earson's roducL MeLhod daLa LhaL was collecLed for
Lhls experlmenL showed a weak correlaLlon 1he sLudenL sclenLlsLs learned LhaL [usL because people
have a cerLaln measured hand lengLh does noL mean Lhey wlll have a wrlsL clrcumference LhaL ls
proporLlonal 8egardlng experlmenL 2 ln whlch Lhe varlables for x and ? were compared for correlaLlon
Lhe sLudenL sclenLlsLs accepL Lhelr alLernaLlve hypoLhesls 1he daLa collecLed for Lhls experlmenL showed
a sLrong correlaLlon n Lhls case Lhere appears Lo be a correlaLlon beLween a person's arm lengLh ln
whlch lL ls more ln proporLlon wlLh Lhelr sLandlng helghL n regards Lo experlmenL 3 ln whlch Lhe
varlables and C were compared for correlaLlon Lhe sLudenL sclenLlsLs accepL Lhelr null hypoLhesls 1he
daLa collecLed for Lhls experlmenL showed a weak correlaLlon Cnce agaln Lhere appeared Lo be llLLle
evldence of a dlrecL proporLlon beLween a person's shoulderelbow lengLh and Lhelr kneeboLLom of
fooL lengLh
1he relevance Lo our orlglnal ob[ecLlve ls clear and has been fulfllled 1he sLudenL sclenLlsLs undersLand
how Lo use Lhe sclenLlflc meLhod how Lo generaLe hypoLheses regardlng quesLlons we have asked how
Lo calculaLe maLhemaLlcal correlaLlons beLween varlables graph daLa and how Lo wrlLe a formal
laboraLory reporL