EE 706

ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY II

2006 Scheme July 5, 2010

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This manual is the result of contributions from the following sta members. Ms. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Sheena K. M. Anith Krishnan Naveen T. R. Jobiraj C. Manoj M. S. Gireesh G. Vaishak L. S.

INTRODUCTION
A few words about the lab.

INSTRUCTIONS
All students should wear shoes. Male students should tuck in their shirts. Female students should tie up their hair properly. Students should not lean on the work bench. Do not switch on the supply before the circuit is veried by the concerned lab faculty. Use of mobile phone inside the laboratory is strictly prohibited. All the students are to strictly abide by the instructions given here and any additional instruction given during the lab session, failing to which he/she will have to face disciplinary action.

Contents
Load test on SCIM. No load and blocked rotor test on SRIM. Load test on single phase induction motor Alternator regulation by direct loading. Alternator regulation by indirect method V curves and inverted V curves of synchronous motor No load and blocked rotor test on SCIM. 1 4 9 11 13 18 21

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 1

LOAD TEST ON SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR

Aim: To study the performance of the machine when loaded and to plot the following characteristics of a squirrel cage induction motor. Vs o/p N Vs o/p Ia Vs o/p cos Vs o/p %s Vs o/p Machine details: Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. All the connections should be tight. 2. The autotransformer should be in minimum position initially. 3. The motor should be on no load at the time of starting. Procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram. After taking care of the precautions, switch on the supply. Adjust the autotransformer till rated voltage is applied across the motor terminals. Note down all the meter readings in no-load condition. Increase the load in steps until the ammeter reads the rated current and note down all the meter reading for each applied load. 6. Reduce the load to zero, bring the autotransformer to the minimum position and switch o the supply.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Circuit Diagram:

Observation Table: Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 V1 A1 (V) (A) W1 W2 N S1 S2 i/p T o/p cos (W) (W) (rpm) (kg) (kg) (W) (Nm) (W) %s

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4 4 0 3 V, 5 0 H z

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Equations and Calculations: Voltage V = . . . . . . V Current I = . . . . . . A W1 = . . . . . . W W2 = . . . . . . W I/P power = W1 + W2 = . . . . . . W Speed N = . . . . . . rpm S1 = . . . . . . kg S2 = . . . . . . kg Torque T = (S1 S2 )rg = . . . . . . Nm 2N T O/P power = = ......W 60 Power Factor cos = . . . . . . Ns N Slip s = 100 = . . . . . . % Ns O/P Eciency = 100 = . . . . . . % I/P Here r is the radius of the break drum and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Result:

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 2

NO LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON SLIP-RING INDUCTION MOTOR

Aim: To conduct no load and blocked rotor test on slip-ring induction motor and to draw its equivalent circuit and circle diagram. Machine Details: Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. The autotransformer should be in minimum position while switching on the supply. 2. The motor should not be on load while starting. Procedure: No-load test 1. After taking care of the precautions, switch on the supply. 2. Adjust the autotransformer gradually such that the rated voltage is applied to the stator. 3. Note down all the meter readings under no-load condition. 4. Reduce the autotransformer to minimum position. 5. Switch o the supply. Blocked rotor test 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. After taking care of the precautions, switch on the supply. Adjust the autotransformer till the rated current ows through the stator. Take all the meter readings. Reduce the autotransformer to minimum position. Switch o the supply.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Circuit Diagram:

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3 0 V D C

4 4 0 V 5, 0 H z 3,

Figure 1: Circuit diagram for no-load test.

4 4 0 V 5, 0 H z 3,

Figure 2: Circuit diagram for blocked rotor test.

Figure 3: Measurement of stator resistance.

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Observation Table: No-load test Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Blocked rotor test Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stator Resistance Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 V I (V) (A) Ra = 1 2 ()
V I

V0 I0 (V) (A)

W 1 W2 W0 (W) (W) (W)

Vsc Isc (V) (A)

W1 W2 Wsc (W) (W) (W)

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Equations and Calculations: From no-load test Supply voltage V0 = . . . . . . V Circuit current I0 = . . . . . . A No-load power W0 = W1 + W2 . . . . . . W W0 cos 0 = = ...... 3V0 I0 Magnetising current I = I0 sin 0 = . . . . . . A Working current Iw = I0 cos 0 = . . . . . . A V0 R0 = = ...... Iw V0 X0 = = ...... I From blocked rotor test Supply Voltage Vsc = . . . . . . V Circuit current Isc = . . . . . . A Power consumed Wsc = W1 + W2 = . . . . . . W Vsc Z01 = = ...... Isc Wsc R01 = 2 = . . . . . . 3I sc 2 2 X01 = Z01 R01 = . . . . . .

From stator resistance test DC resistance Rdc =

6 1 Ra = . . . . . . 6 Sl.N o.=1

AC resistance Rac = 1.2 Rdc = . . . . . . Rest of the parameters can be calculated as R2 = R01 Rac = . . . . . . X01 X1 = X2 = = ...... 2

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

R1

X1

R2

X2

R0

X0

( ) R2 1 1 s

Figure 4: Equivalent Circuit.

Figure 5: Circle Diagram. Result:

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 3

LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Aim: To conduct load test on a single phase induction motor and to plot the following characteristics. Vs o/p N Vs o/p Ia Vs o/p cos Vs o/p %s Vs o/p T Vs o/p Machine details: Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. All the connections should be tight. 2. The motor should not be on load while starting. Procedure: 1. Close DPST and start the motor on no load at rated voltage. 2. Note down all the meter readings at no load. 3. Gradually apply the load in steps till the ammeter reads rated current. Note down all the meter readings for each load. 4. Gradually decrease the load to zero and switch o the supply. Circuit Diagram:

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S W

2 3 0 V 5, 0 H z A C. .

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Observation Table: Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 V1 A1 (V) (A) W1 N (W) (rpm) S1 S2 T o/p cos (kg) (kg) (Nm) (W)

Equations and Calculations: Voltage V = . . . . . . V Current I = . . . . . . A I/P power = W1 = . . . . . . W Speed N = . . . . . . rpm S1 = . . . . . . kg S2 = . . . . . . kg Torque T = (S1 S2 )rg = . . . . . . Nm 2N T O/P power = = ......W 60 Power Factor cos = . . . . . . O/P 100 = . . . . . . % Eciency = I/P Here r is the radius of the break drum and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Result:

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 4

ALTERNATOR REGULATION BY DIRECT LOADING

Aim: To determine the regulation of a 3 alternator by direct loading and to plot the following graphs. Machine Details: Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. The eld rheostat of D.C. motor should be kept at minimum position and that of the alternator should be at maximum position while starting the experiment. 2. All the switches should be in open position before giving the supply. Procedure: 1. Wire up the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. DC supply is given to the prime mover by closing DPST and is started using the starter. 3. By varying the eld rheostat, the prime mover is made to run in the rated speed of the alternator. 4. Close SPST to energize the eld of alternator. 5. Adjust the alternator eld rheostat so as to get rated voltage across the alternator open circuited terminals. 6. Close TPST switch (the alternator is now connected to the load). 7. Add some load to the alternator. This causes the terminal voltage to change (it can decrease or increase). 8. Adjust the alternator eld rheostat such that the rated voltage is applied across the load. Note down the ammeter readings. 9. The entire load is now thrown o the alternator by bringing the TPST switch to the open position. 10. The open circuit or no-load voltage (E0 ) is noted. 11. Repeat 7-10 until the ammeter reads the rated current of the machine. 12. De-energise the alternator eld and switch o the supply.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Circuit Diagram:

Observation Table: Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 VL IL (V) (A) If E0 (A) (V) Regulation (%)

Equations and Calculations: Voltage across the load VL = . . . . . . V Load current IL = . . . . . . A Field current If = . . . . . . A E0 VL % Regulation = 100 = . . . . . . % VL where E0 , VL , IL and If are per-phase values. Result:
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T P S T

D P S T

2 2 0 V D C. .

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 5

ALTERNATOR REGULATION BY INDIRECT METHOD

Aim: To pre-determine the regulation of a 3 alternator by indirect methods at dierent loads ( 1 , 3 and full load) for various power factors (0.8 lead, 0.8 lag, upf) and draw the regulation 4 4 vs. load current curve by conducting suitable tests. Machine Details: Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. All the switches should be in open position before switching on the supply. 2. The eld rheostat of D.C. motor should be kept at minimum position and that of the alternator should be at maximum position while starting the experiment. Procedure: OC Test 1. Wire up the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. DC supply is given to the prime mover by closing DPST and is started using the starter. 3. By varying the eld rheostat, the prime mover is made to run in the rated speed of the alternator. 4. Close SPST to energize the eld of alternator. 5. By adjusting the alternator eld rheostat, increase the alternator eld current in steps and note down If and open circuit voltage E0 . 6. Repeat the above step till the voltmeter reads 1.25 times the rated voltage of the machine. 7. De-energise the alternator eld and switch o the supply. SC Test 1. Wire up the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. DC supply is given to the prime mover by closing DPST and is started using the starter. 3. Close SPST switch such that the alternator is now short-circuited. 4. By varying the eld rheostat, the prime mover is made to run in the rated speed of the alternator.
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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

5. Close SPST to energize the eld of alternator. 6. By adjusting the alternator eld rheostat, increase the alternator eld current in steps and note down If and the armature current Ia . 7. Repeat the above step till the ammeter reads 1.25 times the rated current of the machine. 8. De-energise the alternator eld and switch o the supply. Circuit Diagram: OC Test

SC Test

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T P S T

D P S T

2 2 0 V D C. .

D P S T

2 2 0 V D C. .

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Resistance measurement

Observation Table: OC Test Sl. E0 If No. (V) (A) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Resistance Measurement Sl. V No. (V) 1 2 3 4 5 6 I Rdc (A) () SC Test If Ia (V) (A)

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3 0 V D C

Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Sample Graph:

Equations and Calculations: EMF Method E0 = ...... Isc 6 1 Rdc = . . . . . . AC resistance of armature Ra = 1.2 6 Sl.N o.=1 Synchronous Impedance Zs = 1. Lagging p.f.

E0 = 2. Unity p.f.

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I a f r o m S C T e s t ( A )

V 0 f r o m O C T e s t ( V )

(V cos + IRe )2 + (V sin + IXs )2 E0 = (V + IRe )2 + (IXs )2

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

3. Leading p.f. E0 =

(V cos + IRe )2 + (V sin IXs )2

MMF Method The students are expected to complete this section by themselves and write it in the laboratory record. Result:

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 6

V CURVES AND INVERTED V CURVES OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Aim: To obtain V and inverted V curves of the given synchronous motor. Machine Details: Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. Synchronizing switch should be in open position. 2. The synchronous machine eld regulator should be in maximum resistance position at the time of starting. 3. The DC machine eld regulator should be in minimum resistance position at the time of starting. 4. DPST and SPST switch should be in open position before giving supply to the circuit. 5. DPDT switch should be position 1-1 when supply is switched on. Procedure: 1. Close the DPST switch and start the DC machine by cutting down the starter resistance. 2. Adjust the eld regulator of DC motor and drive the synchronous machine in synchronous speed. 3. Close TPST switch and note down the supply voltage level using voltmeter Vs . 4. Close SPST switch and increase the eld current of the synchronous machine such that the terminal voltage becomes the same as supply voltage i.e., VL =Vs . 5. Observe the manner in which the lamps (across the synchronizing switch) are glowing. 6. If the 3 sets of lamps become bright and dark one after another (indicating wrong phase sequence) bring the TPST switch to open position. 7. Bring the eld rheostat of the synchronous machine to minimum position. 8. Open SPST switch and interchange any two terminal connection on the TPST switch. Follow steps 4 and 5. 9. If the 3 sets of lamps become bright and dark simulataneously, the phase sequence is correct. 10. Reduce the rate of ickering of synchronizing lamps as low as possible by adjusting the DC motor eld energizing rheostat.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

11. Close the synchronizing switch at the middle of the dark period of the lamps. 12. Open DPDT switch. The synchronous machine will now work as synchronous motor and the DC machine will work as a self-excited DC shunt generator. 13. For this no load position, the exciting eld current of synchronous motor is varied in steps till the ammeter reads the rated line current. The meter readings are noted down for each eld current. 14. Put the switch to 2-2 position and apply a constant load by using loading rheostat RL . 15. Vary the eld current and note down the eld current and armature current. Repeat the same for dierent loads. Circuit Diagram:

Observation Table: No Load Load Current = . . . . . .A Ia If I/P Ia If I/P cos cos (A) (A) (W) (A) (A) (W)

Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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4 1 5 3 V 5, 0 H z

( 0 3 0 0 V ) M C

( 0 2 0 A ) M C

D P S T

2 2 0 V D C. .

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Equations and Calculations: Armature Current Ia = . . . . . . A Field Current If = . . . . . . A I/P Power Factor cos = = ...... 3VL Ia Result:

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 7

NO LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR

Aim: To conduct no load and blocked rotor test on squirrel cage induction motor and to draw its equivalent circuit and circle diagram. Machine Details: Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. The autotransformer should be in minimum position while switching on the supply. 2. The motor should not be on load while starting. Procedure: No Load Test 1. After taking care of the precautions, switch on the supply. 2. Adjust the autotransformer gradually such that the rated voltage is applied to the stator. 3. Note down all the meter readings under no-load condition. 4. Reduce the autotransformer to minimum position. 5. Switch o the supply. Blocked rotor test 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. After taking care of the precautions, switch on the supply with the rotor blocked. Adjust the autotransformer till the rated current ows through the stator. Take all the meter readings. Reduce the autotransformer to minimum position. Switch o the supply.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Circuit Diagram:

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3 0 V D C

4 4 0 3 V 5, 0 H z

Figure 6: Circuit diagram for no-load test.

4 4 0 3 V 5, 0 H z

Figure 7: Circuit diagram for blocked rotor test.

Figure 8: Measurement of stator resistance.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Observation Table: No-load test Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Blocked rotor test Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stator Resistance Sl. V No. (V) 1 2 3 4 5 6 I Ra (A) () Vsc Isc (V) (A) W1 W2 Wsc (W) (W) (W) V0 I0 (V) (A) W 1 W2 W0 (W) (W) (W)

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