DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : H. Srividya
Designation : SL/CCP
Branch : Commercial & Comp. Practice
Year/Semester : IV Semester
Institution : GPW, Palamaner, Chittoor Dist.
Subject : Quantitative Techniques-II
Sub. Code : CCP-403
Topic : Indices
Duration : 50 Min.
Sub-Topic : Concepts of power and root
Teaching Aids : PPTs
CCP403.54 1
Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be

able to
 Explain the concepts of power and root

CCP403.54 2
Introduction

 Algebra is the Science of numbers

 a,b,c,x,y,z… are used to represent numbers
 Algebraic methods are easier than arithmetical
methods

CCP403.54 3
Indices

 Indices are simple algebraic operations

 With the help of indices complex problems are
made easily understandable

CCP403.54 4
Indices

Definition 1
 If x is a real number and n is a positive Integer
then
 xn = x.x.x… up to n factors
 xn is called n th power of x
 n is called index of this power
 X is called base

CCP403.54 5
Indices

Definition 1 :
 If x is a real number and n is a positive
Integer then,
II) x-n = 1 / xn , x ≠ 0
x-n is reciprocal of xn
III) X0 = 1

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Indices

Example :
 24 = 2.2.2.2
 2-4 = 1/24 = 1/(2.2.2.2)
 20 = 1

CCP403.54 7
Indices

Definition 2 :
 If x is a number and m is a positive Integer
then,
x is called mth root of ‘a’ if xm = a
m
x = a1/m or x = a

CCP403.54 8
Indices

Example :

161/2 = 4 or 2 16 = 4

(243)1/5 = 3 or 5 243 = 3

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Indices

 In case ‘a’ is negative a1/m may or may not

have a real value
Example : (-32) 1/5 = -2

CCP403.54 10
Indices

Definition 3
 If m is a rational number, m = p/q where p
and q are integers having no common
factor and q ≠ 0

CCP403.54 11
Indices

Definition
 If x be real number, then xm = xp/q = (x1/q)p = (x p)1/q
x ≠ 0 when p is negative
 (xp)1/q is sometimes written as q xp

CCP403.54 12
Summary

In this period, we have discussed about-

 Definitions of indices

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Assignment

1. Find the values of the following

• 251/2
• (81)-3/4
• (1/625) -3/4
• (27) -2/3

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 Quiz

1. X0 = _________
A) 1
B) x
C) 0

CCP403.54 15
 Quiz
2. (xp)1/q = _________

a) x qp
b) q xp
c) p xq

CCP403.54 16
Frequently Asked Questions

1. Explain the definitions of indices

CCP403.54 17