Mohammad Slddlqul

A 8lo lradl
SepLember 30
Lh
2011
AP Biology - Lab : Diffusion and Usmosis
Croup Members 8uh l Mahde A and laLlma A
AcLlvlLy 1A ulffuslon
AcLlvlLy 18 Csmosls
uaLe of Lab 9/27/2011
Ub|ectives:
1A 1he ob[ecLlves of Lhls lab were Lo consLrucL models of cells uslng dlalysls Lublng Lo sLlmulaLe Lhe
permeable naLure of a plasma membrane Lo sLudy Lhe effecLs of dlffuslon Lhrough Lhe plasma
membrane and Lo predlcL Lhe characLerlsLlcs of subsLances LhaL allow Lhem Lo pass Lhrough a
permeable membrane
18 1he ob[ecLlves of Lhls lab was Lo consLrucL models of cells uslng dlalysls Lublng Lo sLlmulaLe Lhe
permeable naLure of Lhe plasma membrane observe Lhe effecLs of osmosls on a model cell and
predlcL Lhe effecLs of soluLe concenLraLlon on osmosls
Background:
1A D|ffus|on ls when Lhe concenLraLlons of Lwo dlfferenL subsLances are unequal and Lhe molecules
ln Lhem move from hlgh concenLraLed areas Lo low concenLraLed areas When Lhe concenLraLlon
ls equal ln boLh subsLances lL ls sald Lo be aL equ|||br|um 1he unequal dlsLrlbuLlon of Lhe
parLlcles ln Lhe subsLances ls called a concentrat|on grad|ent 1he process of dlffuslon ls sald Lo
be passlve whlch means LhaL lL doesn'L requlre any energy Lo move Lhe molecules from one
area Lo anoLher lasma membranes surround cells and are made up of dlfferenL organlc
molecules Lhe maln componenL of Lhe membrane belng phosphollplds LhaL are apmph|path|c
ln Lhe cell membrane Lhese phosphollplds llne up ln Lwo layers ln whlch Lhe phosphaLe groups
are on Lhe ouLslde and Lhe nonpolar llpld Lales are Lucked lnslde Lhe Lwo layers 1hls acL allows
waLer a nonpolar molecule LhaL has a sllghL poslLlve and sllghL negaLlve charge on elLher ends
Lo be aLLracLed Lo Lhe phosphaLe groups whlch allows Lhe cell membrane Lo mlx well wlLh flulds
LhaL conLaln mosLly waLer boLh ouLslde and lnslde Lhe cell membrane 1he cell membrane ls
sald Lo be selecLlvely permeable whlch allows lL Lo only leL some subsLances ln and ouL of Lhe
cell Some molecules LhaL cannoL pass from one slde of Lhe membrane Lo Lhe oLher become
concenLraLed on LhaL slde of Lhe membrane 1hls process called d|a|ys|s allows soluLes of
dlfferenL slzes and charges Lo be separaLed from one anoLher
18 Csmos|s ls Lhe movemenL of a solvenL down a concenLraLlon gradlenL Lhrough a permeable
membrane 1here are Lhree dlfferenL slLuaLlons ln whlch Lhe soluLe concenLraLlon of soluLlons
are relaLlve Lo each oLher Lhey are known as hyperton|c hypoton|c and |soton|c lor example
a 20 glucose soluLlon ls hyperLonlc Lo a 10 glucose soluLlon because Lhe 20 has more soluLe
parLlcles dlssolved ln Lhe solvenL When Lwo soluLlons are lsoLonlc Lhey have Lhe same number
of parLlcles dlssolved ln Lhem @on|c|ty ls Lhe measuremenL of Lhe LoLal number of soluLe
parLlcles LhaL are ln Lhe soluLlon
ypotbesis:
1A lf Lhe dlalysls bag fllled wlLh Lhe glucose/sLarch soluLlon ls placed ln Lhe beaker of dlsLllled waLer
Lhen Lhe concenLraLlon of Lhe soluLlon wlLh dlffuse Lhrough Lhe permeable membrane of Lhe
bag unLll Lhe beaker ls aL equlllbrlum wlLh Lhe soluLlon
18 lf Lhe bags of dlfferenL concenLraLlon levels of sucrose are placed ln dlsLllled waLer over Llme
Lhen Lhe concenLraLlon of Lhe soluLe (Lhe waLer) wlll make Lhe bag lose mass by causlng Lhe
sucrose soluLlon Lo dlffuse Lhrough Lhe permeable membrane of Lhe dlalysls bag
Materials:
afety Lqu|pment Apron Cloves and Coggles
1A 8eaker of dlsLllled waLer empLy dlalysls bag boLLle of glucose/sLarch soluLlon wlLh lnLegraLed
3mL plpeLLe dropper boLLle wlLh Lugol's (lkl) soluLlon sLopwaLch and a glucose LesL sLrlp
dlspenser
18 6 clear cups 6 13cm dlalysls Lublng segmenLs 12 10cm sLrlng segmenLs 1 plasLlc medlclne
cup 10mL of dlsLllled waLer 10mL of 02M 04M 06M 08M and 10M sucrose soluLlon
marklng pencll labellng Lape calculaLor and paper Lowellng Also a balance and dlsLllled waLer
Lo cover Lhe Lublng bags ln Lhe cups
afety:
1A 1he lodlne poLasslum lodlde (lkl) ls a corroslve subsLance and can be a causLlc lrrlLaLanL lf
allowed Lo come ln conLacL wlLh Lhe skln keep Lhe lodlne poLasslum lodlde boLLle LlghLly capped
and only open lL when you are ready Lo use lL ln case of spllls or conLacL lnform Leacher and
flush areas where conLacL happened wlLh runnlng waLer for 13 mlnuLes
18 Wear safeLy goggles gloves and lab apron Lo proLecL eyes and cloLhlng when worklng wlLh
chemlcals dlspose of any wasLe maLerlals and clean up Lhe work area as lnsLrucLed be sure Lo
wash hands before leavlng Lhe lab
Procedure:
1A Soak Lhe dlalysls Lublng ln waLer 1le off one end of Lhe Lublng Lo form a bag llll Lhe bag wlLh
1320mL of glucose/sLarch soluLlon ln lL 1le off Lhe oLher end of Lhe bag leavlng enough room
for expanslon of Lhe conLenLs ln Lhe bag 8ecord Lhe color of Lhe soluLlon nexL LesL Lhe
glucose/sLarch soluLlon for Lhe presence of glucose 8ecord Lhe resulLs llll a beaker wlLh
dlsLllled waLer Add 3 drops of Lugol's soluLlon Lo Lhe dlsLllled waLer and record Lhe color of Lhe
soluLlon 1esL Lhe soluLlon for glucose and record Lhe resulLs lmmerse Lhe bag ln Lhe beaker of
soluLlon Allow Lhe beaker and bag Lo sLand for approxlmaLely 1320 mlnuLes or unLll you see a
dlsLlncL color change ln Lhe bag and Lhe beaker 8ecord Lhe flnal color of Lhe soluLlon ln Lhe bag
and Lhe soluLlon ln Lhe beaker 1esL Lhe llquld ln Lhe beaker and ln Lhe bag for Lhe presence of
glucose 8ecord Lhe resulLs
18 CbLaln Lhe slx sLrlps of presoaked dlalysls Lublng and creaLe a bag ouL of each one by Lylng off
one end our 10mL of Lhe 6 soluLlons lnLo separaLe bags 1le off Lhe oLher end of Lhe 6
bags 8lnse each bag genLly wlLh dlsLllled waLer and bloL dry ueLermlne Lhe mass of each bag
and record lL lmmerse each bag ln one beaker fllled wlll dlsLllled waLer and label Lhe beaker Lo
lndlcaLe Lhe molarlLles of Lhe soluLlon ln Lhe bag LeL Lhe soluLlons sLand for 30
mlnuLes 8emove Lhe bags from Lhe waLer Carefully bloL Lhem dry and deLermlne Lhelr masses
8ecord Lhe masses CbLaln Lhe oLher lab groups daLa
esults:
1A
n|t|a|
Contents
n|t|a|
Co|or
I|na|
Co|or
n|t|a|
resence of
G|ucose
I|na|
resence of
G|ucose
8ag glucose/sLarch LlghL 8lue urple ?es ?es
8eaker WaLer lkl LlghL Cray WhlLe no ?es

18 ulalysls 8ag 8esulLs lndlvldual uaLa
Contents |n
d|a|ys|s bag
n|t|a|
mass
(g)
I|na|
mass (g)
Mass
d|fference
(g)
Change |n
mass
D|st|||ed Water 112 103 09 8
2M 89 93 +04 +43
4M 87 103 +16 +184
6M 101 104 +03 +297
8M 633 83 +213 +339
M 73 83 +10 +137
ulalysls 8ag 8esulLs Class uaLa

ercenL Change ln ulalysls 8ag Mass ln varlous Sucrose SoluLlons afLer 30 MlnuLes

13
10
3
0
3
10
13
20
23
30
33
40
ulsLllled
WaLer
02M Sucrose 04M Sucrose 06M Sucrose 08M Sucrose 10M Sucrose
Croup 1
Croup 2
Class Average
Group Group 2 @ota| C|ass Average
D|st|||ed Water 8 0 8 4093
2M +43 +421 +871 +4333
4M +184 +417 +2237 +1129
6M +297 +736 +1033 +317
8M +339 +2941 +6331 +3166
M +137 +1379 +2949 +14743

C
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a
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e

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n

u
l
a
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s
l
s

8
a
g

M
a
s
s

SoluLlon
Analysis Questions:
1A 1 Slmple dlffuslon ls when a small nonpolar molecule passes Lhrough a permeable
membrane
2 1he llpld Lalls of a seml permeable membrane are hydrophoblc and avold waLer and
because of Lhls charged and polar parLlcle cannoL pass Lhrough easlly Powever large
molecules cannoL pass Lhrough Lhe membrane because Lhere ls noL sufflclenL space
3 1he Lypes of subsLances LhaL pass easlly Lhrough llvlng cell membrane are mosLly
waLer based ones LhaL are composed of polar molecules
4 1he dlalysls Lublng has small pores all over lLs surface ln Lhls experlmenL Lhe Lublng ls
supposed Lo represenL a cell membrane whlch conLalns small pores 1hese pores are
proLeln channels doLLed all over Lhe membrane Llke lon channels Lhey allow free
passage Lo small macromolecules and only sLop larger molecules from enLerlng/leavlng
1hls can be proven Lhrough Lhe experlmenL because glucose ls deLecLed ln Lhe waLer
soluLlon afLer Lhe elapsed Llme
3 1he sLarch molecules were Loo blg Lo move Lhrough Lhe dlalysls Lublng and because
of Lhls Lhe soluLlon lnslde Lhe bag Lurned purple because Lhe concenLraLlon lncreased
6 Llke a cell membrane dlalysls Lublng has a semlpermeable membrane (only small
molecules can go Lhrough Lhe llnlng) 1herefore Lhls mlmlcs Lhe cell membrane when lL
comes Lo dlffuslon (movemenL of soluLes) and osmosls (movemenL of waLer)
7 1hey were already fllled ln because dlffuslon ls Lhe acL of soluLes movlng and Lhe
experlmenL was Lo LesL dlffuslon All of Lhe soluLes somehow moved Lo equlllbrlum
Lhrough Lhe soluLlon because of Lhe naLure of concenLraLed areas

18 1 ulffuslon ls a process by whlch molecules move away from hlgher concenLraLlons Lo
evenly dlsLrlbuLe LhroughouL a soluLlon Csmosls ls a process of dlffuslon by whlch waLer
molecules move Loward hlgher concenLraLlons ln and ouL of a cell
2 ?es osmosls dld occur ln each LreaLmenL because Lhere was a mass galn lL showed
LhaL waLer was golng from a concenLraLed area Lo one LhaL had a less concenLraLed
amounL of waLer 1he dlalysls bag galned mass ln all Lhe LreaLmenLs
3 ach group began wlLh dlfferenL amounLs of soluLlon for Lhelr lnlLlal mass
1herefore resulLs cannoL be based on Lhose numbers 1he dlfferences ln mass don'L
deal wlLh Lhe proporLlonal aspecL of Lhe soluLlons maklng Lhe real resulLs less accuraLe
1he percenL was calculaLed Lo glve Lhe exacL dlfference along wlLh conslderlng Lhe
quanLlLles of soluLlon
4 ?es Lhere was a poslLlve mass galn as Lhe amounL of sucrose ln each of Lhe soluLlons
wenL up lL would be known as a growLh
3 Slnce all Lhe bags would be consldered hypoLonlc Lo Lhe beaker because of Lhe
concenLraLlon of Lhe soluLlon Lhe mass lnslde Lhe bag would decrease Lo Lry and maLch
Lhe concenLraLlon of Lhe subsLance ouLslde of Lhe bag lL would Lry and reach
equlllbrlum

rrors:
1A 1he only errors posslble are lf Lhe soluLlon was noL allowed enough alloLLed Llme for Lhe acLlvlLy
Lo Lake place and lf Lhe amounL of each subsLance was off
18 osslble errors LhaL could have affecLed Lhe resulLs of Lhe lab lnclude lncorrecLly mlxlng Lhe
soluLlons lneffecLlvely Lylng Lhe dlalysls Lublng lnaccuraLely measurlng and lnaccuraLely
calculaLlng
Conclusion:
1A 1he daLa shows whlch molecules can and cannoL dlffuse across a selecLlvely permeable
membrane 1he color change showed LhaL Lhe lkl was small enough Lo pass Lhrough Lhe pores of
Lhe membrane lL also showed LhaL Lhe waLer and glucose soluLlon moved ouL of Lhe dlalysls bag
because Lhe waLer molecules were small enough Lo pass Lhrough Lhe membrane and Lhe
glucose sLrlps LesLed poslLlve for glucose lnslde Lhe beaker 1he glucose sLarLed ouL lnslde Lhe
bag and LesLed negaLlve wlLh Lhe glucose sLrlps lnslde Lhe beaker before Lhe lmmerslon
18 lL can be concluded from Lhe resulLs gaLhered durlng Lhe experlmenL LhaL sucrose cannoL pass
Lhrough Lhe selecLlvely permeable membrane buL lnsLead waLer molecules musL move across
Lhe membrane Lo Lhe area of lower waLer poLenLlal Lo reach dynamlc equlllbrlum