THE PERFORMANCE OF PATRIA SABLE CORPUS COLLEGE IN THE CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT BOARD EXAMINATION FROM 2004 2010:

: ITS IMPLICATION TO THE ACCOUNTANCY STUDENTS

_________________

A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of the College of Accountancy Patria Sable Corpus College Santiago City _________________

In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ACCOUNTANCY (BSA) _________________ By: LANIE A. ANTIMANO JAYSON N. BORROMEO SHILBERLY A. BUYUCCAN ILDEFONSO P. DEL ROSARIO JULITO L. MARABULAS CHRISTOPHER O. SANTIAGO SUNNY JAY G. VALDEZ October, 2011

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction The Bachelor of Accountancy Program provides a foundation of professional knowledge, skills, values, ethics and attitudes that enable students to continue to learn and adapt to changes throughout their professional lives. In the face of the increasing and fast-paced changes in the world of work, it is essential that Accounting students develop and maintain an attitude to learn, maintain their competence as professional accountants later who possess the ability to work with others in a consultative process and in cross-cultural and cross-border setting. To cope with the trends in the world of work, Patria Sable Corpus College, one of the growing Higher Education Institutions in Santiago City, began offering four-degree degree programs in 1993. The College of Accountancy and Management was opened offering Bachelor of Science in Accountancy (BSA), Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) and the Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management (BSHRM) and Certificate in Hotel and Restaurant Management (CHRM). One of these degree programs offered was the Bachelor of Science in Accountancy (BSA) which started in 2000. At the start, only a handful of students enrolled in this course but later, the enrolment increased. There were only two Instructors handling the major subjects in Bachelor of Science in Accountancy.

This course requires its graduates to take the board examination; particularly the Certified Public Accountant Board Examination given by the Board of Accountancy (BOA) through the Professional Regulatory Commission (PRC) .This board examination is given to assess students level of learning in the different areas of Accountancy Program. This also serves as the students vital tool as they practice their profession. To what extent has the Patria Sable Corpus College (PSCC), particularly the College of Accountancy and Management (CAM) major in accounting graduates performed in the said board examination? Were their board passers among the graduates in every school year since it started offering this four-year degree program? These queries motivated the researchers to conduct this study.

Conceptual Framework of the Study The researchers anchored the conceptual framework of their study on the concepts advocated by Kissock *(2009) when he said, Evaluation is needed to determine if there is progress, or there are weaknesses to be corrected, a comprehensive evaluation and a scientific probing of the outcomes is essential. Similarly, Wiles* (2008) stated that evaluation is a procedure of improving the products, the process and even the goals themselves. As such, assessment as similar to evaluation, will determine how effective is the Accountancy Program, specifically on the preparation of its graduates for the board examination. To clarify the concepts advanced by the researchers, a paradigm to illustrate the conceptual framework is presented on the next page.

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram showing the Process of study

Input

Process

Output

Number of graduates Number of who took graduates the CPA

Collecting Tabulating Computing Analyzing and

Enhanced Quality of Performance in the Board Examination

board exam Number Passer of Board

Interpreting of Data

FEEDBACK

The Inputs were the number of enrollees for every year since 2004 to 1010 and their gender as well as the number of graduates who took the board examination and the number of passers. The Process involved the gathering of data, tallying, tabulating, computing, analyzing the data, as well as interpreting those in the light of the objectives of this study. The expected Output was the enhanced quality of performance in the board examination.

Statement of the Problem This study aimed to assess the performance of this institution, particularly the College of Accountancy in the board examination for Certified Public Accountants since School Year 2004 to School Year 2010. More specifically, it sought answers to the following questions: 1. What is the subjects profile in terms of gender? 2. What percentage of the graduates took the board exam? 3. What percentage of the graduates are board passers since 2004 to 2010? 4. What percent of the board passers is male/female?

Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study was delimited to the assessment of the performance of this institution, particularly the College of Accountancy in the board examination for Certified Public Accountants since School Year 2004 to School Year 2010. It was further delimited to the subjects profile in terms of gender and percentages of passers.

Significance of the Study There were several reasons why this study was deemed significant. The results of this study will benefit the following: The Institution. The result of this study will give the administration first-hand data and information on the performance of Accountancy Graduates in the Certified Public Accountant Board Examination. The School Administration. The findings of this study will identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Accountancy Program offered in the institution; thus, the school

administration will be able to institute alternative measures to reinforce the strengths and improve the weaknesses. The Future Researcher. The result of this study will serve as guide to the future researchers in conducting similar studies

Definition of Terms The following terms are hereby defined for enlightenment of the contents of the study. Academe: It is any place of instruction, a school and the environment of college or university. (The New Websters Dictionary at English Language, 2004) Accountancy: It is an industry with a growing profile and an even faster growing emphasis on accountability. It is the language of business. (Source:

http://www.insidebuzz.co.uk/buzz_board/accounting/what-is-accountancy.) Accountancy Program: It is based on the Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants' 5-year prescribed enhanced curriculum. It aims to produce competent professional accountants capable of making positive contribution over their lifetimes to the profession and society in which they will work, and to provide students with the grounding in the knowledge, skills and profession values essential to professional competency. (Source: http://www.msuiit.edu.ph/academics/colleges/cbaa/programs.php) Accountant: This is someone who maintains and audits business accounts. (Source: http://topics.wisegeek.com/topics/accountant.htm#) Career: This term means an occupation or profession followed as a lifes work. (Encarta Dictionary 2008)

Certified Public Accountant (CPA): This is an accountant who has passed certain examinations and met all other statutory and licensing requirements. (Source: http://topics.wisegeek.com/topics/cpa.htm#) Certified Public Accountant Board Examination: It is a standardized test given as part of the licensing process for professional certified public accountants. (Source: http://topics.wisegeek.com/topics/cpa-examination.htm#) Curriculum. It is a course offered by an educational institution. (Encarta Dictionary 2008) Data. It is information that has been translated into a form that is more convenient to move or process. (Source: http://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/definition/data) Input. This is a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information. (Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection 2003-2008 Princeton University, FarlexInc) Performance. It is the process of performing. (The Merriam-Webster Dictionary, New Edition) Process. (process ). It is a series of actions, changes, or functions bringing about a result. (Source: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/process) Skills. It is the ability to use effectively ones knowledge effectively in doing something. (Encarta Dictionary 2008) Student. As used in this study, it is the person formally engaged in learning especially one enrolled in a school or college; Is also a pupil. (Encarta Dictionary 2008)

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES

This chapter presents a number of reviews of selected foreign and local literature and studies which have significant bearing with the present study.

Related Literature Foreign Accounting was viewed as a social instrument, as a device that enabled humans to better comprehend and control the world of business. Seen in large context, along with time management and broader-skills in literacy and mathematics, accounting enabled business people to quantify, summarize and interpret the abstract processes of business that could be evidenced by transaction and captured within the double-entry system. (Previts and Merino, 1998). Paolillo and Estes (1982) found that accountants tended to make their career choice decisions primarily during the first two years in college and that teacher influence was the factor that had the greatest impact on them. Those results make the content and teaching style of introductory of accounting particularly significant for sophomore business students. According to Cirrelia Thaxton in her article entitled College Graduates Boast Personal and Professional Mobility, Higher education often produces upwardly mobile workers who can contribute marketable and transferrable skills to the workforce. Having skills in different areas of a particular field gives workers more opportunities to get raises, promotions, and other employment benefits. College graduates who have experienced

intense and rigorous learning situations have deeper understanding for on-the-job tasks. As a result, they can advance more readily in their chosen careers. The cited literature dealt with the work of an accountant and the factors which motivated the students to pursue the accountancy profession while the present study deals with the assessment of the performance of Patria Sable Corpus College in the Certified

Public Accountant Board Examination. Both studies are related to one another in the sense that they discuss the accountancy profession. However, they differ on the main focus of their investigation; the cited literatures focus on the work of an accountant and the motivating factors which influence the student to pursue the Bachelor of Science in Accountancy while the focus of the study at hand is the assessment of the performance of Patria Sable Corpus College in the Certified Public

Accountant Board Examination.

Local Flor Lacanilao, Ph.D., in her article entitled Measuring Research Performance, stated that Chinese university has been leading in the rank of world universities based on academic or research performance. So far, no university from the Philippines made it in the top 100 in the Asia Pacific, or in the worlds top 500. The Philippines, however, has yet to accept the established measures of research performance. Most of our researchers are still engaged in the production of gray literature. Symptoms are seen at all levels of our Research and Development endeavor, including graduate training, writing books and manuals, giving research grants and awards, decision making, disseminating scientific information, and implementing development programs. Among those to blame are

academic science departments, awards bodies, journal editorial boards, funding and R&D institutions, and the two national science organizations. According to the IBON Facts and Figures, the literacy rate in the Philippines has regressed a lot over the last ten years. This is attributed to the dwindling quality, relevance and accessibility of educationthe very basic rights of the Filipino youth as etched vividly in the Constitution. Despite the good things that Department of Education has reported such as the increased number of classrooms and students, the fact remains that the crowding 1:70 classroom ratio, the decreasing aptitude of students and the decadence of the values of the young, among hundreds others, hamper the progress of the state of education of the country. According to Carl Marc Ramota in his article Education: A Low State Priority that poor performance of teachers are affected by the lack of teaching items and low salary for the shortage of teachers, many graduates dont pass the Licensure Examination Test for teachers and end-up being idle or unemployed and the lack of sympathy from the authorities. The cited literature dealt with the factors affecting performance of different profession in the Philippines while the present study deals with the Performance of Patria Sable Corpus College in the Certified Public Accountant Board Examination. Both studies are related to one another in the sense that they discuss the academic performance. However, they differ on the main focus of their investigation; the cited literatures focus on the performance of different profession as a whole while the focus of the study at hand is the assessment of the performance of Patria Sable Corpus College in the Certified Public Accountant Board Examination.

Related Studies Foreign Paul A Gore in his study entitled Academic Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of College Outcomes (2006) that there is a relationship between students self-efficacy beliefs for academic tasks and milestones and their academic performance and that academic selfefficacy beliefs predict college outcomes but that this relationship is dependent on when efficacy beliefs are measured, the types of efficacy beliefs measured, and the nature of the criteria used. Hill (1998) investigated the effect of large sections on accounting students performance and perception in the introductory courses using research design which controlled for instruction, examination content, and university setting. It showed that students in large classes outperformed students in small classes when other explanatory variables were considered. As predicted by Wooten (1998) in his study The Actual students Problems in Their Daily Student Life, revealed that aptitude and effort were both significant variables in influencing performance of the traditional students. The traditional students, grade history motivation and family responsibilities all influenced the amount of efforts the students put forth. However, neither extracurricular activities nor work responsibilities influenced the students effort. Motivation was significantly influenced by the students self-expectation and their perceptions of learning environment. Motivation was the only variables that significantly influenced effort.

The cited studies dealt with the motivating factors that influenced the students performance in the school while the present study deals with the assessment of the performance of Patria Sable Corpus College in the Certified Public Accountant Board Examination. Both studies are related to one another in the sense that they discuss the performance of the accountancy profession. However, they differ on the main focus of their investigation; the cited studies focus mainly on the motivating factors which affect the performance of the student in the school while the focus of the study at hand is the performance of Patria Sable Corpus College in the Certified Public Accountant Board Examination. Local Katz Navon in her study When Collective- and Self-Efficacy Affect Team Performance, August 1, 2005 stated that collective-efficacy solidified as a meaningful team construct and influenced team performance only when a highly interdependent task required team members to closely interact and coordinate their efforts. As a result in the study during 2004 by Bernarda Pinilla entitled Educational

opportunities and academic performance to student mothers, academic performance of student mothers is lower than that of other groups of university students. The help provided by her extended family in taking care of her children contributes positively to the performance of the student mothers as a part-time student. The findings in the study conducted by Emmanuel Jimenez, Vicente Paqueo and Maria Lourdes de Vera, entitled Student performance and school costs in the Philippines high schools strongly suggest that private schools are an efficient purveyor of secondary education in the formulation of policy measures that could threaten the existence of such schools.

The cited studies dealt with the influencing factors which aid the performance of the students while the present study deals with the assessment of the performance of Patria Sable Corpus College in the Certified Public Accountant Board Examination. Both studies are related to one another in the sense that they discuss performances. However, they differ on the main focus of their investigation; the cited studies focus on the performance of students in relation to the their influencing factors while the focus of the study at hand is the assessment of the Performance of Patria Sable Corpus College in the Certified Public Accountant Board Examination.

REFERENCES Academic Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of College Outcomes: Two Incremental Validity Studies Journal of Career Assessment February 1, 2006

Increasing Student Mathematics Self-Efficacy Through Teacher Training Journal of Advanced Academics February 1, 2007

Generalized Self-Efficacy, Holland Theme Self-Efficacy, and Academic Performance Journal of Career Assessment August 1, 2002

erp@cids.upd.edu.ph

http://www.philippinestoday.net/index.php?module=article&view=273

http://www.suite101.com/content/college-graduates-boast--personal-and-professionalmobility-a375974#ixzz1Wr6EG9Tk

http://www.thenewstoday.info/2010/01/05/issues.in.philippine.education.in.retrospect.html

http://bulatlat.com/news/5-11/5-11-priority.htm

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

This chapter presents the brief discussion of the method used, and procedure that was used by the researchers to gather necessary information regarding performance of Patria Sable Corpus College in the Certified Public Accountant Board Examination from the year 2004-2010. It also presents the discussion of research design, respondents of the study, research locale, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of the data.

Research Design In this study, the researcher used the Documentary Analysis. This is the appropriate method for this study; hence, records and documents filed at the Registrars Office were used.

Data Gathering Instrument The data gathering instrument for this study was the internet and school records.

Subjects of the Study The subjects of the study were the graduates who were board passer of CPA Board Examination from the year 2004-2010 from the College of Accountancy of Patria Sable Corpus College. The distribution of respondents is shown on the table on the next page.

Table1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Subjects of the Study by Gender and School Year No. Of Graduates Year F 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total 5 6 3 2 4 3 5 28 Male % 45% 38% 33% 100% 67% 27% 38% 41% F 6 10 6 0 2 8 8 40 Female % 55% 63% 67% 0% 33% 73% 62% 59% F 11 16 9 2 6 11 13 68

Total % 16% 24% 13% 3% 9% 16% 19% 100%

Legend: F= frequency %= percentage

Data Gathering Procedures In conducting the study, the researchers asked permission to conduct the study

from the Dean of the College of Accountancy and Management and from the Registrars Office to use records of the graduates who took the CPA Board Examination from the School Year 2004 to 2010. The gathered data were tallied, tabulated, computed, analyzed and interpreted by the researchers.

Statistical Treatment of the Data To be useful in the research analysis, the data gathered from the internet and school record were statistically treated through the following

1. Frequency Count. It is the summary table in which the data are arranged into
conveniently established, numerically ordered class groupings or categories.

2. Percentage Computation. It will be used to determine the data on the distribution of

the respondents. Punzalan and Gabriel(2006) gave the formula in getting the percentage: P = (Px) N/100 Where: Px = percentage required N = number of item 100=constant number

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data in tabular form followed by analysis and interpretation of answer to the questions raised in Chapter 1. Table 2. Number of Graduates No. of Graduates Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 TOTAL f 5 6 3 2 4 3 5 28 Male % 45% 38% 33% 100% 67% 27% 38% 41% f 6 10 6 0 2 8 8 40 Female % 55% 63% 67% 0% 33% 73% 62% 59% f 11 16 9 2 6 11 13 68 Total % 16% 24% 13% 3% 9% 16% 19% 100%

Table 2.0 illustrates the number of accountancy graduates of Patria Sable Corpus College from 2004 to 2010. In 2004, there were 11 graduates, 5 or 45% were male, 6 or 55% were female. In the year 2005, the total number of graduates increased by 46% with 16 graduates of which 6 or 38% were male, 10 or 63% was female. From 2005 to 2006, the total number of graduates decreased by 44% with 9 graduates, 3 or 33% were male, 6 or 67% were female. The total number of graduates continues to decrease by 78% in the year 2007 with only two graduates and all or 100% were male. In the year 2008, the total numbers of graduates increased by 200% with 6 graduates, 4 or 67% were male and 2 or 33% were female. The total number of graduates continues to increase in 2009 by 83% with 11 graduates of which 3 or 27% were male and 8 or 73% were female. In 2010, the total numbers of graduates also increased

by 18% with 13 graduates, 5 or 38% were male and 8 or 62% were female. The total number of graduates from 2004 to 2010 were 68, 28 or 41% were male, 40 or 59% were female. As seen in the table, 2005 got the highest number of graduates with 16 or 24% followed by 2010 with 13 or 19%, 2004 and 2009 with 11 or 16%, 2006 with 9 or 13%, 2008 with 6 or 9% and 2007 with only 2 or 3% graduates. The table 2.0 further reveals that majority of the graduates are female with 59% or 40 out of 68 graduates and the male have a percentage of 41% or 28 out of 68 graduates. It shows that more female choose Accountancy program rather than male. It gives an idea that female likes to work on the corporate world than male.

Table 3.0 Number of Board Takers No. of Takers Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total f 1 3 1 1 4 1 5 18 Male % 20% 50% 33% 50% 100% 33% 100% 64% f 4 0 1 0 1 3 1 8 Female % 67% 0% 17% 0% 50% 38% 13% 20% f 5 3 2 1 5 4 6 26 Total % 45% 19% 22% 50% 83% 36% 46% 38%

The Table 3.0 shows the number of graduates of Patria Sable Corpus College who took the CPA board examination. In 2004 graduates, only 1 or 20% of the male graduates and 4 or 67% of the female took the board examination. Only 3or 50% of the male graduates took the board exam and no one in the female graduates in 2005. Only 1 or 33% of male graduates and also 1 or 17% of the female graduates of 2006 took the board examination. In 2007, 50% or only of the total graduates took the exam. For 2008 and 2010, 100% or all of the male

graduates took the board exam and only 1 or 33% of male graduates in 2009. 50% or 1 out of 2

female graduates took the board exam in 2008, and 13% of female graduates in 2009 and 2010. There were 26 out of 68 graduates or 38% of the total graduates already took the CPA board examination. In this 38%, majority of the board takers are male with 64% and 20% of the female. There are 5 or 45% of the graduates of 2004 took the board exam, 3 or 19% in 2005, 2 or 22% in 2006, 1 or 50% in 2007, 5 or 83% in 2008, 4 or 36% in 2009 and 6 or 46% in 2010. Notice that male graduates were more valiant, confident and risk takers than the female graduates.

Table 4.0 Number of CPA Board Passers No. of Passers among the graduates Male Female F % f 1 20% 2 2 33% 0 0 0% 0 1 50% 0 4 100% 1 33% 1 1 100% 5 0 14 50% 4 Total % 33% 0% 0% 0% 50% 13% 0% 10% f 3 2 0 1 5 2 5 18 % 27% 13% 0% 50% 83% 18% 38% 26%

Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total

Table 4.0 shows the number of passers among the graduates of Patria Sable Corpus College (PSCC) and the corresponding percentage per year and the percentage as a whole. At batch 2004, there were only 11 graduates, 1 out of 5 males or 20% and 2 out of 6 females or 33% passed the board exams. In totality, among the 11 graduates, 3 or 27%of them were already CPA. In the year 2005, among the male who are graduated, 2 or 33% of them passed the board exams and none of the female passed. Out of 16 graduates, 2 or 13% of them have a license. None of the nine (9) BSA graduates of 2006 passed the Board Exam. 2007 was the year when it has a least number of graduates, there were only 2 male who graduated but 1 or

50% of them was now a CPA. 2008 was a year where CPA passers of PSCC came into bloom. On the 6 graduates in 2008, 5 or 83% are now CPAs of which, 100% or all of the males and 50% of the females. 2 out of 11 or 18% graduates of 2009 are now CPAs, of which, 1 or 33% of males and also 1 or 13% of females or 38% of the total graduates.

Table 5.0 Rate of Board Passers Rate of Passer who take the exam Year Male Female f % f % 1 100% 2 50% 2004 2 67% 0 0% 2005 0 0% 0 0% 2006 1 100% 0 0% 2007 4 100% 1 100% 2008 100% 33% 1 1 2009 100% 0% 5 0 2010 14 78% 4 22% Total

Total f 3 2 0 1 5 2 5 18 % 60% 67% 0% 100% 100% 50% 83% 26%

Table 5.0 shows the rate of board passers in the CPA Board Exams among the graduates. There were 5 graduates of 2004 who took the board exam and 3 or 60% of which passed the board exam. The only male who took the board made it while 2 out of 4 or 50% of the female passed. For the graduates of 2005, 2 out of 3 or 67% of male graduates passed the board while no one in the female graduates took the board. Only 2 or 22% of the graduates of 2006 took the board exam but unfortunately, did not pass the board exam. In the 2007 graduates, only one (1) took the board exam and got his license as a CPA. Among the

graduates of 2008, 5 out 6 graduates took the board exam and the five (5) are now CPA board passers. For the graduates of 2009, the only male who took the board got his license but only 1 out of 3 or 33% of the female graduates who took the board made it. 100% of the male graduates of 2010 already got their CPA license and unfortunately, the only female who took the board exam did not made it. It also reveals that since more male graduates took the board

exam, majority of them got their license as a CPA with 78% of the total male graduates and 22% of the total female graduates. In the overall results, only 18 out of 68 or 26% of the graduates passed the board exam. Results show that, the more board takers, the more the possibility of passing the board exams. It also reveals that more of the male graduates can handle the pressure of taking and passing the board. It is safe to say that male graduates of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy are more discipline in studying and intelligent than female graduates.

CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This chapter of the study presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations.

I.

Summary of the Results Assessing the percentage of board passers in the CPA board exam by the college of

Accountancy and Management in Patria Sable Corpus College reveals the following results: 1. Respondents Profile in terms of Gender As to the gender, majority of the respondents who graduated in Bachelor of Science in Accountancy were female showing a percentage of 59% or 40 female and only 41% or 28 were male.

2.

Percentage of the Graduates who took the Board Exam With regards to the percentage of the graduates, findings show that among the 68 graduates, only 26 or 38% took the board exam. Majority of the board takers were male comprising 18 or 64% of the male graduates and 8 or 20% of the female graduates.

3.

Percentage of the Graduates who are Board Passers since 2004 to 2010 As an overall result, 18 out of 68 graduates or 26% are now enjoying their title as Certified Public Accountant. It shows that passing the CPA board exam is really tough and tricky.

4.

Percentage of the Board Passers in terms of Gender Result reveals that most of the board passers are male with a rate of 50% and 10% were only female out of 68 graduates. As regards to the board takers, 14 or 78% of the board passers were male and only 4 or 22% were female.

II.

Conclusion Based on the summary of findings of the study, the conclusions were drawn/formulated;

1. That majority of the graduates belong to the womens world but in terms of
the board takers and board passers, it was ruled by men. 2. With regards to the overall performance of the institution, there is a small percentage or more than one fourth of the graduates who took the board exam and get a hold of their license.

III.

Recommendations

In light of the foregoing findings, the following are highly recommended; 1. Acquire additional reading and review materials to aid the students and instructors in their studies. 2. Conduct seminars and workshops for the students and instructors to acquire new knowledge and information.

3. Give the students fun but challenging activities that would inspire, encourage and challenge them to pursue their studies with zeal.