The

sin x/x-integral

over R

Statement
R

sin x dx = , x

sin x dx = x 2

Proof
First we merely observe that the two integrals follow from each other as sin x/x constitutes an even function. Secondly we dene an auxiliary function
f (z) = eiz 1 z

The function is analytical except for a removable singularity at 0, correctable by f (0) = i. Observe:
eiz 1 1 1 + iz z 2 /2 iz 3 /6 + ... = = i iz/2 z 2 /6 + ... z z Lets dene a a curve corresponding to the standard semicircle with radius R > 0 in the upper half plane consisting of [R, R] and CR . As f (z) is analytical in the entire C-plane we know
R

f (z)dz =
R

eix 1 dx + x

CR

eiz 1 dz = 0 z

and by rearranging the expression and utilizing Euler's formulas we arrive at

R R

cos x 1 dx + i x

R R

sin x dx = x

CR

1 dz + z

CR

eiz dz z

(1)

the integrals on the right are easily evaluated

CR

1 dz = z
iz

1 Riei d = i Rei

CR

e dz 0 when R z

The second follows by the Lemma of Jordan and if we now return to (1), let R ,and compare the real and imaginary part respectively we arrive at our expected result
cos x 1 dx = 0 x sin x dx = R x