Leggett V Smith

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GARY PATTERSON
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10/31/2011
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Leggett v. Smith, 386 S.C. 63 (2009)
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686 S.E.2d 699
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Court of Appeals of South Carolina.
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Brandon LEGGETT, Respondent
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v.
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Bryan J. SMITH, Respondent,
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Kenneth Smith, Mary Elizabeth Hall Smith and New York Central Mutual Fire
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Insurance
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Company, Defendants,
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and
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New York Mutual Fire
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Insurance
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Company, Appellant.
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No. 4630.
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Heard Sept. 1, 2009.
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Decided Nov. 10, 2009.
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Certiorari Dismissed Sept. 15, 2010.
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Synopsis
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Background:
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Motorcyclist brought action against motorist and motorist\rquote s parents for
negligence, arising out of injuries allegedly sustained when motorist collided w
ith motorcyclist, and against New York insurer for declaratory judgment that ins
urer was obligated to provide coverage for accident. The Circuit Court, Horry Co
unty,
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Steven H. John
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, J., held that Circuit Court had personal jurisdiction over insurer and that in
surer was obligated to provide coverage. Insurer appealed.
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, J., held that:
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insurer could reasonably expect to be haled into South Carolina courts, thus sa
tisfying power prong of test for personal jurisdiction over insurer;
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fairness prong of test for personal jurisdiction over insurer was satisfied;
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insurer consented to continued coverage of vehicle;
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insurer was estopped from asserting that coverage of vehicle terminated upon tr
ansfer of title; and
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insurer waived its household residency and principal garage requirements in pol
icy.
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Affirmed.
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Declaratory Judgment
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Legal or equitable
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A suit for declaratory judgment is neither legal nor equitable, but is determine
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The question of personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant is one which
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Questions of jurisdiction
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A trial court\rquote s decision regarding whether it can assert personal jurisdi
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Related contacts and activities; \u8201\'3fspecific jurisdiction
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A court acquires specific jurisdiction over a cause of action arising from a non
resident defendant\rquote s contacts with the state through the long arm statute
.
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Code
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1976
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,
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36
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\cf19 \f2 \b0

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\fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0

\fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0

803
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Non-residents in general
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{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Because the long-arm statute is coextensive with the Due Process Clause, the sol
e question in determining whether a court has specific jurisdiction becomes whet
her the exercise of personal jurisdiction by a South Carolina court over a nonre
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U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 14

;
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Code
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1976
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,
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\u167\'3f
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36
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\cf19 \f2 \b0

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\fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0

\fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
803
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.
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Unrelated contacts and activities; \u8201\'3fgeneral jurisdiction
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{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
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{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
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General jurisdiction attaches even when a nonresident defendant\rquote s contact
s with the forum state are not directly related to the cause of action, if the d
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Constitutional Law
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ldrslt
\par
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}
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776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
}{\fldrslt
Unrelated contacts and activities; \u8201\'3fgeneral jurisdiction
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
A nonresident defendant\rquote s contacts with a forum, in order for a trial cou
rt to establish general jurisdiction over the defendant, must be so substantial
and of such a nature as to justify suit against the defendant on causes of actio
n arising from dealings entirely different from those activities, and must also
satisfy the Due Process Clause.
}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430092011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
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}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
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{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
10
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
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t
Constitutional Law
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
ldrslt
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Due process, for purposes of a trial court establishing personal jurisdiction ov
er a nonresident defendant, requires that minimum contacts exist between the def
endant and the forum state such that maintenance of the suit does not offend tra
ditional notions of fair play and substantial justice, and that the defendant po
ssess sufficient minimum contacts with the forum state such that he could reason
ably anticipate being haled into court there.
}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430102011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
11
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
t
Constitutional Law
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
ldrslt
\par
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
Courts
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
}{\fldrslt
Contacts with forum state in general
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
In determining whether minimum contacts exist to support a trial court\rquote s
assertion of personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant, courts apply a
two-pronged analysis, under which: (1) the defendant must have the requisite min
imum contacts with the forum, without which, the court does not have the power t
o adjudicate the action, and (2) the exercise of jurisdiction must be reasonable
or fair; if either prong fails, the exercise of personal jurisdiction over the
defendant fails to comport with the requirements of due process.
}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430112011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
12
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
Courts
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
}{\fldrslt
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Under the power prong of the minimum contacts analysis, in which a trial court m
ust find that a nonresident defendant had requisite minimum contacts with the fo
rum to be subject to personal jurisdiction in the forum\rquote s courts, a court
must find the defendant directed its activities to residents of the forum and t
he cause of action arises out of or relates to those activities.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430122011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
13
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
Courts
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
}{\fldrslt

\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
For a defendant to have minimum contacts with a forum, as required to support a
trial court\rquote s assertion of personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defen
dant, it is essential in each case that there be some act by which the defendant
purposefully avails itself of the privilege of conducting activities within the
forum state, thus invoking the benefits and protections of its laws; this requi
rement ensures that a defendant will not be haled into a jurisdiction solely as
a result of random, fortuitous, or attenuated contacts.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430132011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
14
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
Courts
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
fldrslt
Agents, Representatives, and Other Third Parties, Contacts and Activities of as
Basis for Jurisdiction
\par
}
}

\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
A nonresident defendant should not be haled into a forum, through the exercise o
f personal jurisdiction, solely as a result of the unilateral activity of anothe
r party.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430142011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
15
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
t
Constitutional Law
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
965(6)/View.html?docGuid=Iaff83adcd3ac11dea82ab9f4ee295c21&originationContext=do
cument&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Keycite)" }
{\fldrslt
Insurers and
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \chcbpat2 \b0 \sb0 }}
\par
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1

lt
Courts
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
}{\fldrslt
Insurers and
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
New York insurer could reasonably expect to be haled into South Carolina courts,
thus satisfying power prong of test for South Carolina court\rquote s assertion
of personal jurisdiction over insurer, consistent with due process, in South Ca
rolina motorcyclist\rquote s action against motorist, motorist\rquote s parents,
and insurer arising from injuries allegedly sustained when motorist collided wi
th motorcyclist, where policy contained clauses limiting coverage to United Stat
es and addressing out-of-state coverage, and insurer had notice that insured veh
icle was being kept in South Carolina by motorist, in that motorist\rquote s mot
her informed insurer\rquote s agent that motorist would be taking vehicle to Sou
th Carolina.
}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430152011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
16
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
Courts
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
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776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
fldrslt

Factors Considered in General
\par
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
Courts
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
}{\fldrslt
Nature, number, frequency, and extent of contacts and activities
\par
}
}

\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
In order to determine whether an assertion of personal jurisdiction over a nonre
sident defendant meets the fairness prong, in that the assertion of jurisdiction
is reasonable or fair, the court must consider the following: (1) the duration
of the activity of the nonresident within the state; (2) the character and circu
mstances of the commission of the nonresident\rquote s acts; (3) the inconvenien
ce resulting to the parties by conferring or refusing to confer jurisdiction ove
r the nonresident; and (4) the state\rquote s interest in exercising jurisdictio
n.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430162011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
17
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0

{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
t
Constitutional Law
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\fldrslt
Insurers and
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
\par
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
Courts
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
}{\fldrslt
Insurers and
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}

\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Fairness prong of test for South Carolina court to assert personal jurisdiction
over New York insurer, consistent with due process, was satisfied, in South Caro
lina motorcyclist\rquote s action against motorist, motorist\rquote s parents, a
nd insurer arising from injuries allegedly sustained when motorist collided with
motorcyclist, where insurer had been on notice for several years that vehicle w
as kept by motorist who was living in South Carolina, all witnesses to action we
re residing in New York at time of hearing, New York law applied, and South Caro
lina had substantial interest in exercising jurisdiction, in that motorist and m
otorcyclist were South Carolina residents.
}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430172011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {

\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
18
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
t
Appeal and Error
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
54/View.html?docGuid=Iaff83adcd3ac11dea82ab9f4ee295c21&originationContext=docume
nt&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Keycite)" }{\fl
drslt
Reasons for Decision
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
The Court of Appeals may affirm for any ground appearing in the trial court\rquo
te s record.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430182011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
19
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
Insurance
}
}
}
}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
3066/View.html?docGuid=Iaff83adcd3ac11dea82ab9f4ee295c21&originationContext=docu
fldrslt
Automobile
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Under New York law, New York insurer consented to continued coverage of motorist
\rquote s vehicle after motorist informed insurer that title had been transferre
d to him from his parents, motorist received no indication from insurer or insur
er\rquote s agent that motorist did not have continued coverage, and motorist re
ceived no warning not to drive vehicle when he expressed his belief to insurer\r
quote s agent that he had continued coverage for 30 days to find new
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
upon moving to South Carolina.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430192011022714353}
\par
}
}

}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
20
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
Insurance
}
}
}
}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
fldrslt
Automobile
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Under New York law, generally, an insurer\rquote s coverage of an insured automo
bile terminates upon the transfer of title by its insured to another; however, t
he coverage may continue if the insurer is notified and consents to continued co
verage.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430202011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
21
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
t
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
Contracts
}
}
}
}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
5/View.html?docGuid=Iaff83adcd3ac11dea82ab9f4ee295c21&originationContext=documen
t&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Keycite)" }{\fld
rslt
Necessity of assent
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Under New York law, when a party is under a duty to speak, or when his failure t
o speak is inconsistent with honest dealings and misleads another, then his sile
nce may be deemed to be acquiescence, for purposes of determining whether there
has been consent with respect to a
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
contract
}
}
}
}
}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430212011022714353}
\par
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
22
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
Insurance
}
}

}
}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
fldrslt
Good faith and fair dealing
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj

Under New York law, an insurer has an implied duty to act in good faith in deali
ng with its insured.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430222011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
23
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
Insurance
}
}
}
}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
fldrslt
Reliance or prejudice, necessity of
\par
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
Insurance
}
}
}
}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
fldrslt
Acts and conduct of insurer or agents in general
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Under New York law, New York insurer was equitably estopped from asserting that
coverage of vehicle terminated upon transfer of title to motorist from motorist\
rquote s parents, where insurer\rquote s agent failed to correct motorist\rquote
s expressed belief that he had continuing coverage for 30 days after transfer o
f title to obtain new

}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
in South Carolina, and motorist would not have driven vehicle if he had known t
hat he did not have continuing coverage.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430232011022714353}
\par
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
24
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
Estoppel
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
52/View.html?docGuid=Iaff83adcd3ac11dea82ab9f4ee295c21&originationContext=docume
nt&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Keycite)" }{\fl
drslt
Nature and Application of Estoppel in Pais
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj

Under New York law, \u8220\'3fequitable estoppel\u8221\'3f is the doctrine by wh
ich a person may be precluded by his act or conduct, or silence when it is his d
uty to speak, from asserting a right which he otherwise would have had.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430242011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
25
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
Estoppel
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}

0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
52.15/View.html?docGuid=Iaff83adcd3ac11dea82ab9f4ee295c21&originationContext=doc
\fldrslt
Essential elements
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Under New York law, under the doctrine of equitable estoppel, a party is preclud
ed from asserting rights against another who has justifiably relied upon such co
nduct and changed his position so that he will suffer injury if the former is al
lowed to repudiate the conduct.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430252011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
26
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
Insurance
}
}
}
}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
fldrslt
In general; \u8201\'3feffect
\par
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
Insurance
}
}
}
}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
fldrslt
Demand, acceptance, or retention
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Under New York law, New York insurer waived its household residency and principa
l garage requirements in policy of motorist\rquote s parents, where insurer knew
about motorist\rquote s change of residency from New York to South Carolina and
that motorist\rquote s vehicle was kept in South Carolina, insurer took no acti
on to remove motorist from policy, and insurer continued to accept premium payme
nts on vehicle to include motorist as covered driver under policy.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430262011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
27
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
lt
Estoppel
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
}{\fldrslt
Nature and elements of waiver
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Under New York law, \u8220\'3fwaiver\u8221\'3f is a voluntary and intentional re
linquishment of a known right.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430272011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj {

\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
28
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
t
Appeal and Error
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
\par
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
0a1a0a0000000d494844520000001c0000001008020000008aad88b80000001974455874536f6674
776172650041646f626520496d616765526561647971c9653c000002e34944415478da9c545d4854
d14a09fb4b800100952bb3962ee31a410000000049454e44ae426082}}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0

{\fldrslt
Actions on
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
policies
\par
}
}
\intbl
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
}
{\ri50 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Insurer failed to preserve for appeal argument that motorist and his parents wer
e bound to terms of policy because they were conclusively presumed to have knowl
edge of its contents, in action by motorcyclist against motorist, motorist\rquot
e s parents, and insurer for damages arising from injuries allegedly sustained w
hen motorist collided with motorcyclist, where trial court did not address issue
and insurer failed to raise argument in its post-trial motion for new trial or
to amend judgment.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri50 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
_20204189430282011022714353}
\par
}
}
ll \row }}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
{\*\bkmkstart co_headnotesEnd_1}{\*\bkmkend co_headnotesEnd_1}
\par
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \li0 \b1 \qj
{\*\bkmkstart co_attorneysAndLawFirms_1}{\*\bkmkend co_attorneysAndLawFirms_1}
Attorneys and Law Firms
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_711_703_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_711_703_1}
**703
}
}
}
Charles V. Leonard
}}}
, of Myrtle Beach,
}
Jeffrey D. Wait
}}}
, of Saratoga Springs,
}
Steven P. Curvin
}}}

, of Buffalo, for Appellant.
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
Douglas Charles Baxter
}}}
, of Myrtle Beach,
}
Gene McCain Connell, Jr.
}}}
, of Surfside Beach, for Respondent.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \li0 \b1 \qj
{\*\bkmkstart co_opinion_1}{\*\bkmkend co_opinion_1}
Opinion
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
HUFF
}}}
, J.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\*\bkmkstart co_anchor_Ia39121f842c611e08b05fdf15589d}{\*\bkmkend co_anchor_Ia3
9121f842c611e08b05fdf15589d}
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj

}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
*69
}
}
In this appeal from a declaratory judgment action, New York Central Mutual Fire
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
Insurance
}
}
}
}
}
Company (New York Central) appeals the trial court\rquote s ruling that South C
arolina had personal jurisdiction over New York Central and New York Central pro
vided coverage for the accident at issue. We affirm.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\*\bkmkstart co_anchor_Ia39121f942c611e08b05fdf15589d}{\*\bkmkend co_anchor_Ia3
9121f942c611e08b05fdf15589d}
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
*70
}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
FACTS/PROCEDURAL HISTORY
\par
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj

On April 23, 2004, Bryan Smith was involved in an accident in which he failed to
yield the right-of-way to a motorcycle driven by Brandon Leggett.
}
{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_B00112020418943_ID0}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteRe
ference_B00112020418943_ID0}
{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_B00112020418943_1" }{\fldrslt
1
}}}
}
Smith was driving a 1996 Ford Escort, which he had recently titled in his name.
Until that time, the Escort had been owned by his father, Kenneth P. Smith (Fat
her). The car had been insured under a policy with New York Central in which Fat
her and Smith\rquote s mother, Mary Elizabeth Hall Smith, (Mother) were the name
d insureds. Smith was listed as a \u8220\'3fcovered driver\u8221\'3f under this
policy.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
New York Central is a New York corporation licensed to engage in the
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
business in New York. It is not licensed to do business or to sell
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
in South Carolina. Smith\rquote s parents are New York residents. Smith moved f
rom New York to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina in 1999. At that time he drove an A
udi owned and insured by his parents. In 2001, Father purchased the Ford Escort
and provided it for Smith to use while he attended college at Coastal Carolina U
niversity. Before starting college, Smith established legal residency in South C
arolina. He turned in his New York driver\rquote s license and acquired a South
Carolina license in March of 2001. Mother testified that she informed her New Yo
rk Central agent, the Mang Agency, Smith was using the car while he attended col
lege in South Carolina.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
Father signed over title to Smith in January of 2004 with the intent Smith would
have ownership of the vehicle once it was titled and insured in South Carolina.
On April 5, 2004, Smith went to the South Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles
(DMV) to transfer the title and register the vehicle in his name. At the reques
t of the DMV employee, he presented the New York Central
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
card and told her both of his parents\rquote names were on the card. He listed
the Mang
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
Insurance
}
}
}
}
}
Company on the DMV application as the
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
agency. According to Smith, the DMV employee told him he had thirty days to cha
nge the
}

{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
to South Carolina. Smith called several
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
agents before choosing State Farm. He called a State Farm agent on April 12 and
was told he needed a copy of the declaration page from the New York Central pol
icy. That same day Smith called the Mang Agency
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
*71
}
}
and requested a faxed copy of the policy. Smith testified he told the agent he
had transferred the title to his name and that he needed the document in order t
o acquire
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
within the thirty-day time frame. Although Smith received the fax from the Mang
Agency, he failed to acquire
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
from State Farm or any other agency before the accident. New York Central sent
Smith\rquote s parents notice that effective May 4, 2004, eleven days after the
accident, the Ford Escort was deleted from the policy and amended the covered dr
ivers on the policy to remove Smith due to his being \u8220\'3fout of household.
\u8221\'3f In addition, New York Central sent notice it was cancelling the polic
y effective May 21, 2004. New York Central refunded some of the premiums paid by
Smith\rquote s parents for coverage for Smith, but it refused to refund any pre
miums paid through May 4, 2004. It subsequently reinstated the policy as to Smit
h\rquote s parents\rquote remaining vehicle.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
After the accident, New York Central informed Leggett\rquote s counsel of the li
mits of the policy. It hired South Carolina
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
adjusters to appraise the damage to Leggett\rquote s motorcycle and paid Legget
t $5,636.65 for the motorcycle on June 7, 2004. On June 9, 2004, New York Centra
l sent Leggett\rquote s
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
**704
}
}
counsel a letter denying liability coverage for the claim.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
Leggett filed this action asserting a negligence claim against Smith and his par
ents and requesting a declaratory judgment that New York Central provided covera
ge for the accident. Smith filed a cross-claim requesting the court determine he
was in fact an insured under the New York Central policy. New York Central answ
ered denying coverage and asserting the state of South Carolina lacked jurisdict
ion over it. The trial court stayed the negligence claims against the Smiths unt
il the declaratory judgment action was heard. After a hearing on the declaratory
judgment action, the trial court determined South Carolina had personal jurisdi
ction over New York Central. Applying New York law,
}
{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0
ference_B00222020418943_ID0}
2
}}}
}
the court held New York Central was obligated to provide coverage for the accid
ent. The court subsequently denied New York Central\rquote s
}
dType=L&pubNum=1006371&cite=SCRRCPR59&originatingDoc=Iaff83adcd3ac11dea82ab9f4ee
295c21&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=D
Rule 59, SCRCP
}}}
, motion. This appeal followed.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\*\bkmkstart co_anchor_Ia39121fa42c611e08b05fdf15589d}{\*\bkmkend co_anchor_Ia3
9121fa42c611e08b05fdf15589d}
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
*72
}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
STANDARD OF REVIEW
\par
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj

1
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
{\*\bkmkstart co_anchor_B12020418943_1}{\*\bkmkend co_anchor_B12020418943_1}
}
}
2
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
}
3
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
\u8220\'3fA suit for declaratory judgment is neither legal nor equitable, but i
s determined by the nature of the underlying issue.\u8221\'3f
}
dType=Y&serNum=1991035525&pubNum=711&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1
.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Keycite)#co_pp_sp_711_782" }{\fld
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Felts v. Richland County,
}
}
303 S.C. 354, 356, 400 S.E.2d 781, 782 (1991)
}}}
. An action to determine coverage under an
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
policy is an action at law.
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
City of Hartsville v. S.C. Mun. Ins. & Risk Fin. Fund,
}
}
382 S.C. 535, 543, 677 S.E.2d 574, 578 (2009)
}}}
. On appeal of an action at law tried without a jury, the findings of fact of th
e trial court will not be disturbed unless found to be without evidence which re
asonably supports the trial court\rquote s findings.
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Townes Assocs., Ltd. v. City of Greenville,
}
}
266 S.C. 81, 86, 221 S.E.2d 773, 775 (1976)
}}}
.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\*\bkmkstart co_anchor_Ia39121fb42c611e08b05fdf15589d}{\*\bkmkend co_anchor_Ia3
9121fb42c611e08b05fdf15589d}
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
LAW/ANALYSIS
\par
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b1
A. Personal jurisdiction
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
New York Central argues the trial court erred in determining South Carolina had
personal jurisdiction over it. We disagree.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
4
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
}
5
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
\u8220\'3fThe question of personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant is
one which must be resolved upon the facts of each particular case.\u8221\'3f
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
State v. NV Sumatra Tobacco Trading, Co.,
}
}
379 S.C. 81, 88, 666 S.E.2d 218, 221 (2008)
}}}
. The circuit court\rquote s decision should be affirmed unless unsupported by t
he evidence or influenced by an error of law.
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Cockrell v. Hillerich & Bradsby Co.,
}
}
363 S.C. 485, 491, 611 S.E.2d 505, 508 (2005)
}}}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
6
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
}
7
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
\u8220\'3fPersonal jurisdiction is exercised as \u8216\'3fgeneral jurisdiction\
u8217\'3f or \u8216\'3fspecific jurisdiction.\u8217\'3f \u8221\'3f
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Coggeshall v. Reprod. Endocrine Assocs. of Charlotte,
}
}
376 S.C. 12, 16, 655 S.E.2d 476, 478 (2007)
}}}
. The court acquires specific jurisdiction over a cause of action arising from a
defendant\rquote s contacts with the state through the long arm statute.
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
S.C.Code
}
}
}
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
Ann
}
}
{\i0 \fs20
}
{\i0 \fs20
.
}
{\i0 \fs20
{\i0 \fs20
\u167\'3f
}
}
{\i0 \fs20
}
{\i0 \fs20
}
{\i0
{\i0
36
}
}
{\i0
}
{\i0
}
{\i0
{\i0
2
}
}
{\i0
}
{\i0
}
{\i0
{\i0
803
}
}
{\i0
}
{\i0
(
}
{\i0
{\i0
Supp
}
}
{\i0
}
{\i0
.
}
{\i0
{\i0
2008

\cf19 \f2 \b0

\fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0


\fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0

\fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0

\fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0

\fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
}
}
}
)
}
}
}}}
;
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Cockrell,
}
}
363 S.C. at 491, 611 S.E.2d at 508.
}}}
\u8220\'3fBecause South Carolina treats its long-arm statute as coextensive wit
h the due process clause, the sole question becomes whether the exercise of pers
onal jurisdiction would violate due process.\u8221\'3f
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Cockrell,
}
}
363 S.C. at 491, 611 S.E.2d at 508
}}}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
8
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
}

9
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
*73
}
}
\u8220\'3fGeneral jurisdiction attaches even when the nonresident defendant\rqu
ote s contacts with the forum state are not directly related to the cause of act
ion, if the defendant\rquote s contacts are both \u8216\'3fcontinuous and system
atic.\u8217\'3f \u8221\'3f
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}
at 495, 611 S.E.2d at 510
}}}
(citing
}
.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Keycite)" }{\fldrslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall,
}
}
466 U.S. 408, 413-14 nn. 8-9, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404 (1984)
}}}
).
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
These contacts must be \u8220\'3fso substantial and of such a nature as to justi
fy suit against [the respondents] on causes of action arising from dealings enti
rely different from those activities.\u8221\'3f
}

{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
International Shoe Co. v. Washington,
}
}
326 U.S. 310, 318, 66 S.Ct. 154, 90 L.Ed. 95 (1945)
}}}
. Furthermore, the defendant\rquote s contacts with the forum must satisfy the d
ue process clause.
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Federal Ins. Co. v. Lake Shore Inc.,
}
}
886 F.2d 654, 660 (4th Cir.1989)
}}}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Cockrell,
}
}
363 S.C. at 495, 611 S.E.2d at 510
}}}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
10
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
}
11
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
Due process requires minimum contacts exist between the defendant and the forum
state such that maintenance of the suit
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
**705
}
}
does not offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}
at 491, 611 S.E.2d at 508.
}}}
\u8220\'3fFurther, the due process requirement mandates the defendant possess s
ufficient minimum contacts with the forum state such that he could reasonably an
ticipate being haled into court there.\u8221\'3f
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Power Prods. & Servs. Co. v. Kozma,
}
}
379 S.C. 423, 431-32, 665 S.E.2d 660, 665 (Ct.App.2008)
}}}
. In determining whether such minimum contacts exist, courts apply a two-pronged
analysis.
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
S. Plastics Co. v. S. Commerce Bank,
}
}
310 S.C. 256, 260, 423 S.E.2d 128, 130-131 (1992)
}}}
. The court must (1) find that the defendant has the requisite minimum contacts
with the forum, without which, the court does not have the \u8220\'3fpower\u8221
\'3f to adjudicate the action and (2) find the exercise of jurisdiction is reaso
nable or fair.
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}
at 260, 423 S.E.2d at 131.
}}}
\u8220\'3fIf either prong fails, the exercise of personal jurisdiction over the
defendant fails to comport with the requirements of due process.\u8221\'3f
}
dType=Y&serNum=1992174392&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transiti
onType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Keycite)" }{\fldrslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}}}
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
12
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
}
13
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
}
14
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
Under the power prong, a minimum contacts analysis requires a court to find the
defendant directed its activities to residents of South Carolina and the cause
of action arises out of or relates to those activities.
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Moosally v. W.W.
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
*74
}
}
Norton & Co.,
}
}
358 S.C. 320, 331-32, 594 S.E.2d 878, 884 (Ct.App.2004)
}}}
.
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
It is essential in each case that there be some act by which the defendant purpo
sefully avails itself of the privilege of conducting activities within the forum
state, thus invoking the benefits and protections of its laws. The \u8220\'3fpu
rposeful availment\u8221\'3f requirement ensures that a defendant will not be ha
led into a jurisdiction solely as a result of random, fortuitous, or attenuated
contacts.
\par
}
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj

rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Moosally,
}
}
358 S.C. at 332, 594 S.E.2d at 884
}}}
(citations omitted). Neither should a defendant be haled into a forum solely as
a result of the unilateral activity of another party.
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Carson v. Vance,
}
}
326 S.C. 543, 549, 485 S.E.2d 126, 129 (Ct.App.1997)
}}}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the Eastern District Court of Vir
ginia had personal jurisdiction over an Illinois insurer when the policy include
d a territory-of-coverage clause in which the insurer contracted to provide cove
rage for accidents and losses that occurred within the policy territory, which i
ncluded all of the United States of America.
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Rossman v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co.,
}
}
832 F.2d 282 (4th Cir.1987)
}}}
. The Fourth Circuit found there was no doubt the insurer could foresee being ha
led into court in Virginia because
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0

insurance
}
}
}
}
}
, by its very nature, often necessitates litigation and an automobile policy is
typically sued upon where an accident takes place.
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}
at 286.
}}}
The court stated the insurer\rquote s expectation of being haled into court was
an express feature of its policy.
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}}}
It explained, \u8220\'3f[p]resumably, [the insurer] offers this type of broad c
overage to induce customers to buy its policies and pay higher premiums for them
. The benefits thereby accruing to [the insurer] are neither fortuitous nor inci
dental.\u8221\'3f
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}
at 287.
}}}
It noted an
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
company has the ability to exclude a state in which it wanted to avoid litigati
on from the policy territory.
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}}}
{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0
ference_B00332020418943_ID0}
3
}}}
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
*75
}
}
Other jurisdictions have also held a territory-of-coverage provision that inclu
des the forum state, coupled with the insured event occurring in the forum state
, is sufficient to establish minimum contacts.
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
**706
}
}
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Payne v. Motorists\rquote Mut. Ins. Cos.,

}
}
4 F.3d 452, 456 (6th Cir.1993)
}}}
(\u8220\'3fThe fact that [insurer] chose to provide coverage for all fifty stat
es ... constitutes purposeful availment of any individual state\rquote s forum.\
u8221\'3f);
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Ferrell v. West Bend Mut. Ins. Co.,
}
}
393 F.3d 786, 791 (8th Cir.2005)
}}}
(holding
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
policy\rquote s territory of coverage clause established sufficient contact bet
ween insurer and Arkansas to satisfy the strictures of the Due Process Clause);
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Farmers Ins. Exch. v. Portage La Prairie Mut. Ins. Co.,
}
}
907 F.2d 911, 914 (9th Cir.1990)
}}}
(finding minimum contacts where insurer had purposefully availed itself of the
forum state by agreeing to defend its insured throughout the United States);
}
.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Keycite)#co_pp_sp_506_1215" }{\fl
drslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
McGow v. McCurry,
}
}
412 F.3d 1207, 1215 (11th Cir.2005)
}}}
(noting that by including Georgia in territory of coverage, insurer purposefull
y sought to provide coverage for accidents occurring in Georgia and reasonably s
hould have foreseen being haled into court in Georgia);
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. v. Tenn. Farmers Mut. Ins. Co.,
}
}
645 N.W.2d 169, 174 (Minn.Ct.App.2002)
}}}
(holding the out-of-state insurer could reasonably anticipate being haled into
Minnesota courts, by virtue of its policy provisions and the inherently mobile n
ature of the motor vehicle);
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
see also,
}
}
.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Keycite)#co_pp_sp_506_1290" }{\fl
drslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
TH Agric. & Nutrition, LLC v. Ace European Group Ltd.,
}
}
488 F.3d 1282, 1290 (10th Cir.2007)
}}}
(noting that with territory-of-coverage clause, insurers purposefully avail the
mselves of the privilege of conducting business in the forum state by affirmativ
ely choosing to include the forum state in the territory of coverage).
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
15
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
The policy in this case includes a territory-of-coverage clause limiting covera
ge to the United States, its territories or
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
*76
}
}
possessions, Puerto Rico, and Canada. It also includes a provision specifically
addressing out-of-state coverage. In addition, New York Central was on notice t
he vehicle it was insuring was being kept in South Carolina and Smith was living
in South Carolina. On cross-examination by Leggett\rquote s counsel, Mother tes
tified that when she went to the Mang Agency to ensure Smith would still be cove
red by the policy, she told the agent that Smith was taking the Ford Escort with
him to South Carolina. We find that by virtue of the policy provisions, as well
as New York Central\rquote s notice that it was insuring a vehicle kept in Sout
h Carolina, New York Central could reasonably expect to be haled into court in S
outh Carolina. Thus, the \u8220\'3fpower prong\u8221\'3f is met.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
16
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
We must next examine the \u8220\'3ffairness prong.\u8221\'3f
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
In order to determine whether the exercise of jurisdiction over a foreign defend
ant meets the fairness prong, the court must consider the following: (1) the dur
ation of the activity of the nonresident within the state; (2) the character and
circumstances of the commission of the nonresident\rquote s acts; (3) the incon
venience resulting to the parties by conferring or refusing to confer jurisdicti
on over the nonresident; and (4) the State\rquote s interest in exercising juris
diction.
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Cockrell,
}
}
363 S.C. at 492, 611 S.E.2d at 508
}}}
.
\par
}
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Power Prods. and Servs. Co.,
}
}
379 S.C. at 432, 665 S.E.2d at 665
}}}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
17
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
New York Central had been on notice for several years the vehicle had been gara
ged in South Carolina and was aware Smith was living in the state at the time. A
s to the convenience of the parties, all of the witnesses to the declaratory jud
gment action, including Smith who had returned to New York to live with his pare
nts, were residing in New York at the time of the hearing. In addition, New York
law applied. However, Leggett, the injured party, was a South Carolina resident
with a South Carolina attorney. As far as South Carolina\rquote s interests, Sm
ith and Leggett, who were requesting the court determine coverage was available
for the accident, were South Carolina citizens. Thus, South Carolina has a subst
antial interest in exercising jurisdiction.
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
See
}
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Rossman,
}
}
832 F.2d at 287
}}}
(holding Virginia has a substantial interest in providing relief for its citize
ns when
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
*77
}
}
companies refuse to pay claims). The
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Rossman
}
}}}
court explained, \u8220\'3f These residents would be at a severe disadvantage i
f they were forced to follow the
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
company to a distant state in order to hold it legally accountable.\u8221\'3f
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}}}
(quoting
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
McGee v. International Life
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
Insurance
}
}
}
}
}
Co.,
}
}
355 U.S. 220, 223, 78 S.Ct. 199, 201, 2 L.Ed.2d 223 (1957)
}}}
).
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
**707
}
}

}
18
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
We conclude the trial court\rquote s assertion of jurisdiction over New York Ce
ntral comported with traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice. A
ccordingly, as both the power prong and the fairness prong have been met, we fin
d the trial court did not err in holding it had personal jurisdiction over New Y
ork Central.
}
{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0
ference_B00442020418943_ID0}
4
}}}
\par
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\*\bkmkstart co_anchor_Ia39121fc42c611e08b05fdf15589d}{\*\bkmkend co_anchor_Ia3
9121fc42c611e08b05fdf15589d}
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b1
B. Coverage on Ford Escort
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
New York Central argues the trial court erred in finding coverage on the Ford Es
cort. We disagree.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
19
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
}

20
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
}
21
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
}
22
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
New York Central first contends the coverage on the Ford Escort terminated upon
transfer of title. Generally, an insurer\rquote s coverage of an insured automo
bile terminates upon the transfer of title by its insured to another. However, c
overage may continue if the insurer is notified and consents to continued covera
ge.
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Allstate Ins. Co. v. Santos,
}
}
250 A.D.2d 634, 673 N.Y.S.2d 694, 694 (1998)
}}}
. \u8220\'3fWhen a party is under a duty to speak, or when his failure to speak
is inconsistent with honest dealings and misleads another, then his silence may
be deemed to be acquiescence.\u8221\'3f
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
LeCorre v. Bijesse Belford Dolewski & DeMicco,
}
}

269 A.D.2d 569, 703 N.Y.S.2d 279, 281 (2000)
}}}
(internal quotations omitted). \u8220\'3fFurthermore, an insurer has an implied
duty to act in good faith in dealing with its insured.\u8221\'3f
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}}}
In
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
LeCorre,
}
}}}
the court held a question of fact existed as to whether the insurer\rquote s si
lence on the issue of subrogation regarding the underinsurance claim could have
been viewed as consenting to a settlement for the policy limits of the other dri
ver\rquote s vehicle, as well as whether the insurer
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
*78
}
}
was acting in good faith regarding potential claims by insured.
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}}}
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
In the present case, the trial court held New York Central consented to the tran
sfer because it failed to cancel the policy after Smith informed the Mang Agency
that title had been transferred to him. Smith testified when he called the Mang
Agency to inform it of the transfer and have the policy faxed to him, he specif
ically told the agent with whom he spoke he believed he had thirty days to acqui
re new
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
for the vehicle. No one from the Mang Agency indicated to him he did not have c
ontinued coverage or warned him not to drive the car. New York Central did not a
ctually cancel the policy on the Ford Escort until May 4, 2004, eleven days afte
r the accident. It only credited Smith\rquote s parents for the premium charged
after that date. Thus, although it now claims coverage terminated before the acc
ident, it retained the premiums charged though the date of the accident and elev
en days afterwards.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
We find New York Central\rquote s failure to formally cancel the policy as to th
e Ford Escort after Smith informed it of the transfer of ownership, along with i
ts silence after Smith expressed his belief that he had continued coverage for t
hirty days to find new
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
, supports the trial court\rquote s determination that New York Central consente
d to the continued coverage. Accordingly, we find no error in the trial court\rq
uote s decision on this issue.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
23
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
}
24
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
}
25
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
The trial court also found New York Central was estopped from denying coverage
due to the transfer of title. Equitable estoppel is the \u8220\'3fdoctrine by wh
ich a person may be precluded by his act or conduct, or silence when it is his d
uty to speak, from asserting a right which he otherwise would have had.\u8221\'3
f
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Besicorp Group Inc. v. Enowitz,
}
}
235 A.D.2d 761, 652 N.Y.S.2d 366, 369 (1997)
}}}
. Under this doctrine, a party is precluded from asserting rights against anothe
r who has justifiably relied upon such conduct and changed his position so that
he will suffer injury if the former is allowed to repudiate the conduct.
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}}}
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
Here, as stated above, Smith expressed his belief to New York Central\rquote s a
gent he had continuing coverage for thirty days after the transfer of title to o
btain new
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
in
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
*79
}
}
South Carolina. The agent failed to correct this mistaken belief. Smith testifi
ed that if
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
**708
}
}
he had known he did not have coverage, he would not have driven the vehicle.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
We hold the record supports the trial court\rquote s finding that due to New Yor
k Central\rquote s agent\rquote s silence when Smith informed him of the title t
ransfer, New York Central is estopped from asserting coverage terminated upon tr
ansfer. Thus, we find no error in the trial court\rquote s ruling.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\*\bkmkstart co_anchor_Ia39121fd42c611e08b05fdf15589d}{\*\bkmkend co_anchor_Ia3
9121fd42c611e08b05fdf15589d}
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b1
C. Coverage for Smith
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
New York Central argues Smith was not entitled to liability coverage because he
was not a household resident at the time of the accident and the car was not pri
ncipally garaged in New York. We disagree.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
Smith was listed as a \u8220\'3fcovered driver\u8221\'3f on the policy. This ter
m was not defined and the rights of a covered driver were not set forth in the p
olicy. The New York Appellate Division found when a son was listed as a \u8220\'
3fnamed driver\u8221\'3f along with his parents and the policy failed to define
the term \u8220\'3fnamed driver\u8221\'3f or to exclude it from coverage, an amb
iguity arose, which must be construed in favor of the insured.
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Kennedy v. Valley Forge Ins. Co.,
}
}
203 A.D.2d 930, 612 N.Y.S.2d 712, 713 (1994)
}}}
. The court noted that if the insurers had wished to exclude a \u8220\'3fnamed d
river\u8221\'3f from coverage, they must have done so in clear and unmistakable
language.
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}}}
Because the insurers failed to do so, the court concluded the son must be affor
ded the same coverage as his parents. Thus, the son as a \u8220\'3fnamed driver\
u8221\'3f fell within the same exception to an exclusion for \u8220\'3fnamed ins
ureds.\u8221\'3f
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}}}
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
26
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
There is no indication in the present policy the residency requirement applied
to \u8220\'3fcovered drivers.\u8221\'3f Furthermore, we hold the record supports
the trial court\rquote s ruling New York Central waived the residency requireme
nt.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
The policy stated it would \u8220\'3fpay damages for \u8216\'3fbodily injury\u82
17\'3f or \u8216\'3fproperty damage\u8217\'3f for which any \u8216\'3finsured\u8
217\'3f becomes legally responsible because of an auto accident.\u8221\'3f It de
fined the term \u8220\'3finsured\u8221\'3f as \u8220\'3fYou and any \u8216\'3ffa
mily member\u8217\'3f for the ownership maintenance or use of any auto or \u8216
\'3ftrailer\u8217\'3f \u8221\'3f and \u8220\'3f[a]ny person using \u8216\'3fyour
covered auto.\u8217\'3f \u8221\'3f It defined \u8220\'3ffamily member\u8221\'3f
as \u8220\'3fa
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
*80
}
}
person related to you by blood, marriage or adoption who is a resident of your
household.\u8221\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
27
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
Waiver is a voluntary and intentional relinquishment of a known right.
}
.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Keycite)#co_pp_sp_578_87" }{\fldr
slt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Albert J. Schiff Assocs. v. Flack,
}
}
51 N.Y.2d 692, 435 N.Y.S.2d 972, 417 N.E.2d 84, 87 (1980)
}}}
. The court explained:
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li200 \b0 \qj
\u8220\'3f[w]aiver evolved because of courts\rquote disfavor of forfeitures of
the insured\rquote s coverage which would otherwise result where an insured brea
ched a policy condition, as for instance, failure to give timely notice of a los
s or failure to co-operate with the insured. To defeat the forfeiture, courts fi
nd waiver where there is direct or circumstantial proof that the insurer intende
d to abandon the defense.\u8221\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}}}
(citations omitted).
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
Mother testified when Smith moved to South Carolina, she immediately told their
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
agent at the Mang Agency about the move and that Smith would be taking the Ford
Escort with him. She stated their
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
premiums were higher based upon the fact Smith was listed as a covered driver.
No one from New York Central ever informed her Smith was no longer a covered dri
ver before the accident. In addition, on March 16, 2004, New York Central receiv
ed actual notice Smith had surrendered his New York driver\rquote s license on M
arch 8, 2001. Although Timothy Trueworthy, Vice President of Claims Division wit
h New York Central, testified the company would have investigated whether Smith\
rquote s coverage should continue, there is no evidence it ever took any action
in this regard. Thus, although New York Central had actual notice Smith was a So
uth Carolina resident for over a month before the accident, it took no action to
remove Smith from the policy.
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
We hold the record contains evidence to support the trial court\rquote s finding
that while New York Central knew about Smith\rquote s change of residency, it c
ontinued to accept premium payments to include him as a covered driver and thus
waived the household residency requirement. Similarly, we find New York Central
continued to accept premiums on the Ford Escort even though it
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
**709
}
}
had notice that the vehicle was kept in South Carolina and therefore waived any
condition that the vehicle be principally garaged in New York.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\*\bkmkstart co_anchor_Ia39121fe42c611e08b05fdf15589d}{\*\bkmkend co_anchor_Ia3
9121fe42c611e08b05fdf15589d}
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b1

}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf22 \f2 \b1
*81
}
}
D. Knowledge of terms of policy
\par
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
28
}}}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
}
New York Central argues the Smiths are bound by the terms of the
}
{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
policy because they are conclusively presumed to have knowledge of its contents
. The trial court did not address this issue and New York Central failed to rais
e it in its post-trial motion. Accordingly, this issue is not properly before th
e court.
}
{\i1 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0
See
}
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Noisette v. Ismail,
}
}
304 S.C. 56, 58, 403 S.E.2d 122, 124 (1991)
}}}

(holding where a trial court does not explicitly rule on an argument raised, an
d appellant makes no
}
Rule 59(e), SCRCP
}}}
, motion to obtain a ruling, the appellate court may not address the issue);
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs20 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Floyd v. Floyd,
}
}
365 S.C. 56, 73, 615 S.E.2d 465, 474 (Ct.App.2005)
}}}
(stating when a trial judge makes a general ruling on an issue, but does not ad
dress the specific argument raised by the appellant and the appellant fails to r
aise the issue in a
}
Rule 59(e)
}}}
motion, the appellate court cannot consider the argument on appeal).
\par
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\*\bkmkstart co_anchor_Ia39121ff42c611e08b05fdf15589d}{\*\bkmkend co_anchor_Ia3
9121ff42c611e08b05fdf15589d}
\par
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
CONCLUSION
\par
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj

We hold the evidence supports the trial court\rquote s finding that New York Cen
tral waived the household residency requirement through its continued acceptance
of premium payments and inclusion of Smith as a covered driver despite knowledg
e of his change in residency. Similarly, through continued acceptance of premium
s with the knowledge the Ford Escort was being kept in South Carolina, New York
Central waived any condition that the vehicle be principally garaged in New York
. For the above stated reasons, the decision of the trial court is
\par
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1
AFFIRMED.
}
}
{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0
ference_B00552020418943_ID0}
5
}}}
\par
}
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
THOMAS
}}}
, and
}
PIEPER
}}}
, JJ. concur.
\par
}
}
}
}
}
}
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj
{\*\bkmkstart co_parallelCitations_1}{\*\bkmkend co_parallelCitations_1}
Parallel Citations
\par
}
}
686 S.E.2d 699
\par
}
}
}
}
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{\ri20 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
Footnotes
}
}\i0 \ri20 \fs20 \ql \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \intbl \cell \ro
w }
\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600
\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080
\intbl
{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs24 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs24 \cf1 \f2 \b0
{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_B00112020418943_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_B00112020418
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{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_B00112020418943_ID0" }{\fld
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}
{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Smith was charged with driving under the influence.
\par
}
}
}
}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \ro
w }
\intbl
{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs24 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs24 \cf1 \f2 \b0
943_1}
rslt
2
}
{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Both parties assert New York law applies to this case.
\par
}
}
}
w }
\intbl
{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs24 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0
{\i0 \fs24 \cf1 \f2 \b0
943_1}
rslt
3
}
{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
This court found South Carolina had personal jurisdiction over an out-of-state i
nsurer where the appellant took no exception to the trial court\rquote s finding
that the insured vehicle would \u8220\'3ftravel in a carnival over the eastern
portion of this country [and that] [the insurer] should certainly be put on noti
ce that vehicles traveling in a carnival would be very likely to be involved in
accidents in states in which the carnival travels such as South Carolina.\u8221\
'3f
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs18 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Parker v. Fireman\rquote s Ins. Co. of Newark, N.J.,
}
}
297 S.C. 166, 169, 375 S.E.2d 325, 326 (Ct.App.1988)
}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0 }}
. It held the plaintiff\rquote s declaratory judgment action arose from the insu
rer\rquote s contracting to insure the insured\rquote s automobile while it move

d through the eastern United States, including South Carolina, and from the insu
rers entry into an
}
{\i0 \fs18 \cf19 \f2 \b0
insurance
}
}
}
}
}
}
{\i0 \fs18 \cf19 \f2 \b0
contract
}
}
}
}
}
to be performed at least in part in states along the eastern seaboard, includin
g South Carolina.
}
{\i1 \fs18 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
Citing to
}
{\i1 \fs18 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Rossman,
}
the court noted it could not determine if the policy expressly defined its cove
rage to include South Carolina because the policy was not in the record on appea
l and the insurer as the appellant bore the burden of providing the court with a
n adequate record on appeal as well as showing the trial court erred.
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs18 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Id.
}
}
at 169 n. 1, 375 S.E.2d at 326 n. 1
.
\par
}
}
}
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\cell \row }
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{\i0 \fs24 \cf1 \f2 \b0
943_1}
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4
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{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
Although the circuit court held it had personal jurisdiction over New York Centr
al for different reasons, this court may affirm for any ground appearing in the
record.
}
{\i1 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \b0
See
}
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs18 \cf5 \f2 \b0
I\rquote On v. Town of Mt. Pleasant,
}
}
338 S.C. 406, 420, 526 S.E.2d 716, 723 (2000)
(noting an appellate court can affirm for any reason appearing in the record).
\par
}
}
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{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj
We need not address New York Central\rquote s remaining issues.
}
{\i1 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \b0
See
}
}
rslt
{\i1 \fs18 \cf5 \f2 \b0
Hagood v. Sommerville,
}
}
362 S.C. 191, 199, 607 S.E.2d 707, 711 (2005)
(stating the appellate court need not address additional issues when resolution
of prior issue is dispositive).
\par
}
}
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w }}
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End of Document
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\u169\'3f 2011 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
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}
}\sect }

Leggett V Smith

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Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Leggett V Smith

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Payne v. Motorists\rquote Mut. Ins. Cos.,

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rer\rquote s contracting to insure the insured\rquote s automobile while it move

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Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen

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