1

aL= kL+ sf]O/fnf s[t

df]lbcfOg
d}lynL ?kfGt/0f

a[if]z rGb| nfn

k|sfzs
;'bfdf k|sfzg
hgsk'/wfd, g]kfn

df]lbcfOg
k|sfzs M ;'bfdf k|sfzg, hgsk'/wfd .
cfj/0f M a[if]z rGb| nfn
d"No
M g]=?= @% 6fsf
ef=?= @) 6fsf
d'b|0f
M

b'O{ zAb
PsfPs a[if]zhL df]lbcfOgsf] d}lynL ?kfGt/0fsf] kf08'lnlk d]/f]
xftdf ydfP/ k|sfzsLo cg'dlt dfUg'eof] . Ps l5gsf nflu crlDet
ePsf] lyP d, t/ Tof] If0f cToGt v';Lsf] lyof] . 5fqhLjgb]lv g}
k|hftflGqs n8fO tyf ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ngdf cToGt ;lqmo e"ldsf v]Nb}
cfpg' ePsf a[if]zhL /fhgLlt h:t} ;flxTodf klg ?lr /fVg' x'bf] /x]5 .
lgZro g} of] cfnflbt ug]{ ljifo xf] .
ljleGg efiffdf df]lbcfOgsf] cg'jfb eO/x]sf] a]nfdf g]kfns}
bf];|f] efiff d}lynLdf cg'lbt df]lbcfOgsf] k|sfzg x'g' lgZro g} ;flxlTos
hut\sf nflu k|;Ggtfsf] ;Gbe{ x'g]5 . o;n] d}lynLefifL ;dfhnfO{
cfb/0fLo ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] rlr{t s[ltsf] /;f:jfbg ug]{ cj;/
k|bfg ug]{5 eGg] dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 . o;n] lgZro g} ;flxTok|]dLx?df gof
pT;fx / pmhf{ klg k|bfg ug]{5 .
df]lbcfOg n3' sn]j/df cfj4 /x] klg o; leq ;fGbfh'sf]
bz{g;f/ k|s6 ePsf] dnfO{ nfU5 . uLtfsf] sd{of]usf] pkb]znfO{ dfgjLo
;Gbe{df cg'ej u/]/ cfWoflTdstfnfO{ cLsf/ u/] klg s'?If]qsf eLif0f
dfgj;+xf/nfO{ dfgjtfsf] lglDt 3fts sd{ ePsf] 7x/ u/]/ l;} dxfef/t
tyf k|]d / hLjgsf] ;f/tjnfO{ of] ;fgf] cfsf/sf] pkGof;df ;fGbfh'n]
c6fpg'ePsf] 5 . oBlk kIf / ljkIfdf ;dLIffx? k|sflzt eO/x]s} 5g\,
dnfO{ eg] ;fGbfh'sf] /fhgLlts JolQmTj o; pkGof;df dfgjtfjfbsf]
gfpdf ?kfGt/0f ePsf] h:tf] nfU5 .
;fGbfh'sf ;flxlTos / /fhgLlts b'a} JolQmTj plQs} cUnf /
cf/f]x0fof]Uo 5g\ . jxfsf] ;flxTodf /fhgLlts k|efj 5}g elgG5 t/ of]
s'/f ;frf] h:tf] nfUb}g . jxf h:tf] /fhgLlts ;+:sf/ ePsf] JolQmTjdf of]
emg} c;Dej s'/f xf] . t/ Pp6f ;To s] xf] eg] jxfn] eg] h:t} /fhgLltsf]
k|ToIf 5fof ;flxTodf k/]sf] 5}g . cGtM k|]/0ffaf6 k|efljt eO{ :jtGq
n]vgnfO{ a9L dg k/fpg] ePsf sf/0f jxfsf ;a} ljwfsf /rgf gof gf}nf
/ ;f/ule{t ag]sf 5g\ . df]lbcfOg klg o;} lsQfsf] cAan /rgf xf] .
olt uDeL/ efjsf] s[ltsf] cg'jfb nt{/f] s'/f xf]Og . a[if]zhLsf]
o; k|oTgsf nflu wGojfb lb+b} o;sf] ulx/fOdf k'u]/ /; lng] sfd lj1
kf7sx?af6 x'g] g} 5 eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . ;fGbfh'sf] k|To]s s[ltsf]
d}lynLdf cg'jfb xf];\ eGg] rfxG5' . wGojfb
@)^!!!!

s[t1tf

ax't klxg] xd/f;es >4]o g]tf >L ljZj]Zj/ k|;fb

sf]O/fnfhLs s[lt df]lbcfOg k9g] /xL . xd/ cfb/0fLo g]tfs /rgf
e]nfs sf/0f] cf tfx"d] k|hftflGqs clwsf/x]t' lg/Gt/ ;+3if{/t
hLjgs cj0f{gLo s7Lg oftgfs If0f aGbLu[x; lnvn xPafs sf/0f]
x'gs/ O{{ s[lt xd/f cfs[i6 sPg] 5n . hvg cBf]kfGt kl9 n]nx' t
O{ xd/f j]z cfs[i6 s n]ns cf ;bfs x]t' ckg 5fk xd/fk/ nuf
b]ns . uLtfk/ aL=kL=s b[li6sf]0f, dfgjj cf b]jjs e]b xd/f
cb\e"t nfun . tTIf0f xd/fd] Ps/ cg'jfbs nfn;f hfu[t e]n .
xd/f nfun h] jf:tjd] nf]ss] gLs nf]s agafs rfxL === a8sf
glx
Plx pkGof;d] jL=kL=s z}zjs ls5' ;+:d/0f xPafs a]z
;Defjgf cl5 . x'gs z}zjs dxTjk"0f{ cjlw ldlynf~rnd] aLtn
5lGx . Plx pkGof;d] ;]xf] cf] cGtd] bl8ef; hogu/ 3'l/so ca}t
5ly . t}+ gLs ags rfxL a8sf glx cj:;] ldlyn]s k|lzIf0f
xPt h] ;'Gb/Lhn h]ns sl7gtd kl/l:yltd] ;]xf] x'gs dfu{bz{g
sPns . xd/f nfun ldlynfs O{ dxTjk"0f{ ;Lv ldlynf~rns
nf]ss aLrd] km]/; l;+lrt xPafs rfxL .
cf km]/ h]gf xf]Ot con}s cl5, xd la;l/ u]nx' . gLs
rLh nf]]s la;l/ hfOt cl5 . d'bf xd/ cu|h o k"Ho lu/Lz rGb|
nfn cf lzj]Gb| nfn s0f{ xd/f :g]xk"j{s 3r3rf]nlGx, c9f]nlGx cf
Ps/ cg'jfb k|f/De s/af b]nlGx . k/d k"Ho cfrfo{ ;f]db]j Pj+
cfb/0fLo cu|h efO{hL(8f= /fh]Gb| k|;fb ljdn_s cfzL{jfb ;b}j
k|]l/t cf dfu{bz{g s/}t /xt . lzj]Gb| e}ofs z'4fz'l4d] h] of]ubfg
cl5 ;] hf}+ glx ;Dej xf]Ot t cfg]cfg rLh;e hsf Oxf] sto g]
km]sf hfOt . === xd/ ljhofs k|f]T;fxg cf a]/a]/s k9n
lnvn cfbdL;es] s/oanf sfh;e s? g] plQm xd/fn]n
zlQmbfos /xn . sfdf]b e}of, dw'sfGthL cf cg'h /tLzs
k|sfzgd] of]ubfgx]t' ;b}j cfef/L /xa . ;es k|lto] xd s[t1 5L
cf ;e lbg xd/ Xbod] O{ s[t1tf e/n /xt . k|0ffd
a[if]z rGb nfn

cfd'v
df]lbcfOgs 8Lxk/; === =====
:jgfdwGo aL=kL= sf]O/fnf, hok|sfznf]lxofkm0fLZj/gfy
/]0f'o'us /fhgLltw/ftns a]5k dxf;fws /xnfx lxGbLof]s] cd"No
of]ubfg s]lgxf/ . g]kfnL d}lynL sd{If]qs t cf] ef]?sj] 5ly cf Plx
dd{If]qs k"0f{rGb|f]bos df]xs k|tLs . d}lynLs k'0oe"ld hgsk'/ xf]Ot
bl8ef cfon x'gs afndf]g gu/bz{gsqmdd] Plx l;4e"lds x8fxL x8fxf_ kf]vl/s k|;s:jKgd] af]lxcfOt O{ /Dosyf hs/ ;""q
dxfef/twl/ h'8}t cl5 pkGofl;sf df]lbcfOg g]kfnLd] v""a Voflt
kcf]ns ;+ulx bl8ef; h'8n O{ k|; ;]xf] . Pxg /rgfs cfO{wl/
d}lynLd] ?kfGtl/t glx xf]oa d}lynL efifL, vf;s bl8ef cfjf;Ln]n t
a""em"" h]gf ckg] 3/d] u8n ;DklQ; cghfg /xafs cefUo;g 5n .
klxna]/ O{ cd"No syf36 df]lbcfOg s]/ d}lynL ?kftGt/0f k|:t't s}
a[if]z rGb| nfn k|z+;gLo P]ltxfl;s sfh sonlg cl5 .
bl8efd] hvg gu/ lgud agn xd/f; Ps/ kl/lrltn]n
rfl/uf]6 kftL lnvf}n u]n 5n

ku ku kf]vl/, df5 dvfg . ;/; af]n, d':sL d'vkfg ..

ljBfj}ej zflGtk|tLs . nlntgu/ bl8ef lys ..

;] Pto Plx kf]vl/;es gfos 5ly u+uf;fu/?k k}/, cf lbU3L;g k]6jnf,

x8fx d'v, lxdfnlb; ts}t x8fxf jf x8fxL dxfkf]vl/ . Plx kf]vl/n]n
k|rlnt ls+jGtL cfas n]fs cf]lxgf la;/n hf /xn cl5 h]gf cfO;
c:;Ljif{ k"j{s u|fdL0fgu/ bl8efs df}lns kl/j]z cfw'lgs j}ZjLs/0flb;
a]txf; efun hfOt b/e+ufs n]fss sNkgf]d] cfa ;Dej glx . sQ cf]
PSsf 6d6d cf sQ O{ 6]Dkf]sf/ . sQ cf] r"8fbxLn"" . sQ O{
rf6;df];frfpldg . ===;] kl/jQ{g xf]oa plrt] . ckg sfnlrGtgs
:jfefljs cfgGbn]n PsfGtIf0fd] nf]s ctLtufyf, jQ{dfgJoyf cf
eljios sNksyf?k efjk|jfxd] ;}/ s/o rfx}t cl5 hflxn]n gfj
xf]O5 ;flxTo . jQ{dfgs] t ;e b]v}tk/v}t 5ly . eljio xf/n
jfrLhgflk|o df]gf/f ckg] u9f hfO5 . d'bf bGtsyf; h'8n P]ltxfl;s
efjofqfs] clt s/s ;f}efUo t la/n]s] e]6}t 5lg === cf ;]xf] sd{7

;db[li6 ;dfh;]jL ljrf/s aL=kL= sf]O/fnf;g

efjk|j0f ;fwss
afNosfns :d[ltz]ifs Plx cz]ifsyfs t rr]{ glx xf] .
df]lbcfOg d] jl0f{t bl8efs x8fxLs k""ablSvgsfts Ogf/s
cjz]if Pvgx' cl5 hto; z'? xf]Ot 5n df]lbcfOg cf cfjf;Lo
ef]hgfno;es qmdkftL . cf]O7fd; blSvg cl5 ;+u|xfno cf xfnd] ag}t
;+uLttfna4 gr}t km'xf/f . === cfuGt's cf gu/jf;L ;+u|xfnod] Oltxf;
tfstfx cf km'xf/fk/ ckg sNkgfs kflv k;f/tfx . s] k"5t cfa
x8fxLs cf]O ckgfd] Oltxf; krf}g] df]xf/s], h]cfa gfnLd] ef;}t ;]df/s
cfr/t/ ;l8uln u]n cl5 k|:t't s[lts] kl9, xd/ slj df]g ;femvg
df]lbcfOg s :d[ltz]ifs tnf;d] x8fxL 6/];s cf]xL Ogf/nu u]n . lah'/L
/xafs k|Zg] glx . ;'lemtf] cl5 sDd] . Ps6f af]gemf8o'Qm df]xf/nu
df]lbcfOgs bf]sfg, dnflxgs k|]t cf dxfef/ts Oltsyf tLg" pe/n,
xhf/xhf/ xfy; aL= kL= sf]O/fnfs ; a[if]z rGb| nfns] cfzL{jfb b}t
xd d''Uw e u]nx'' .
cGtd] Pta], h] pknAw e]nf];Gtf h] cO kf]yL?k w/f]x/;
kl/lrt glx xf]otfx xd/fn]v] x'gs lhguL a''em"" b/ef 6L;gs Kn]6kmd]{k/
sl6 u]n ckx[t hLljt xf8s ;dfgwdf{hsf === cf]gf kf]yLs sn]j/
sg]s 5f]6, d'bf b]vgd] 5f]6g nuo, 3fj s/o uDeL/ s] rl/tfy{ s/}t .
h'NdL a]|g6flgs syf hta] ;/;, ljrf/ tta] uDeL/ x8fxL;
s'?If]qwl/ k/flj1fg; ck/f1fgwl/

b/e+uf *$^))!, ef/t

b"/efifM )^@&@@$@^)!

cfrfo{ ;f]db]j
)*)$@))$ O{=

df]lbcfOgs b]xl/; === ======

df]lbcfOg g]kfnL ;flxTos sfnhoL s[lt lys hflxd]
dxfef/t o'4s cf}lrTo cf uLtf bz{gk/ klxn a]/ Pxg tflTjs cf
ljrf/f]Q]hs k|Zg 7f9 sPn u]n cl5, hs/ k|ToIf ;DaGw dfgjcl:dtfs
n]n ckl/xfo{ cf]lx dfgjLo d"No; 5}s, hs/f kl08tnf]slg kf/Dkl/s
k"jf{u|xs w'tx's]/ kfv+8k"0f{ t'd'n 3f]if; cjbldt cf cjd"lNot s/}t
cfon cl5 . lj;+ut hLjg ef]u}t df]lbcfOg dxfef/t o'4s ;fIfL gf/L

10

gfDgL slNkt kfqd] :jo+d] k|Tof/f]lkt eP syfgfos ;dIf k|:t't e]n

cl5 .
dxfef/ts k|;+u 5}s . === xl:tgfk'/ b'of]{wgs b/af/ cf OGb|k|:y
o'l4li7/s /fhdxnd] cGtM:k4f{ a9}t rln hfOt 5}s . 5nk"0f{ B'ts|L8fd]
kf08js k/fho cf b|f}kbLs nHhfhgs ckdfg . kf08js jgjf;s
;dflKtk/ kf08jf/f ckg /fHo 3'/faox]t' b'of]{wgs] k7fcf]n ;Dafb cf
b"ts lt/:sf/ . j}dg:os wws}t Hjfnfs o'4s ljlelifsfd] kl/0ft xf]Paf;
k"j{ fl/sf; s[i0f dWo:ytfs x]t' ca}t 5ly . >L s[i0f j[li0f j+zs cf
l;Gw' k|;[t /fHos jL/ g]tf lysfx, d'bf kf08js ;DalGwof] t 5ly t}+
kf08js lxtd] sk6; e/n lg0f{o b}y ts/ ;Defjgf t 5}s] . b'g" kIf;
o'4s t}of/L xf]dP nfun . s[i0f ch'{g cf b'of]{wg; k'5} 5lyGx Ps
lblz cIff}lx0fL ;]gf /xt, bf];/ lblz xd . sf]g n]a < b'of]{wg cIff}lx0fL
;]gf r'g}t 5ly . ch'{gs dfGotf 5lGx otf] s[i0f:ttf] hoM . kf08j
cf sf}/js lj/f6 ;]gf s'?If]qd] o'4s x]t' hdf xf]Ot cl5 . c;+Vo
z+vWjlgs lggfb . o'4s aLr d}bfgd] 7f9 ch'{g rs'cf sP b]]v} cl5
;u/f] cf]s/ ckglx+ /Qm;DaEwLs n:s/ 5}s . cf]s/ dfgjLo Xbo b|ljt
e p7}t 5}s lwSsf/ s p7}t 5}s . d'x; cfQ{jf0fL ax/fOt 5} glx,
xd ckg s'6'Danf]slgs xTof ckglx+ xfy] lsGgx' g] s/a xd/f /fHo glx
rfxL .
tvg] g]tf s[i0f 7f9 e hfOt 5ly . cf]hu'0f;DkGg sljjk"0f{
efiffd] ;f]/x cWofo uLtf wf/fk|jfx ah}t hfOt 5ly cfTdf cd/ lys,
b]x dfq hL0f{ j:q hsf abn}t cl5 . ch'{g uf08Lj p7fax, sf}/j;]gfs
aw s/x . OxP tf]x/ wd{ . === d/ax :ju{ kPax, hLax /fHo;'v ef]uax
=== p7x ch'{g, p7x ===
pkGof;sf/ sf]O/fnfs b[li6P O{ dfgjtf cf b}jjs G lys .
ch'{g s?0ff, ;Xbotf, :g]x, k|]d, :jhftLotf, sf}6'lDastf, d}qL, bof;g
pbfQ dfgjLo u'0fs ;fsf/ k|ltdf lysfx . d'bf, x'gs O{ ;Dk"0f{ dfgjLo
u'0f g]tf s[i0fs uLtfefif0fs ;Ddf]xgd] t/xTyLs /]t hsf plwof hfOt
cl5 . x'gs k|s[t wd{ km]sf hfOt 5}s cf cf]lx :yfgk/ s[i0fs b]jj
cf?9 e hfOt 5}s . h]gf x'gsfk/ b]jj ;jf/ e u]n xf]OGx, cf] :jo+
:jo+ glx /x}t 5ly, >Ls[i0f e hfOt 5ly cf uf08Lj p7f n}t 5ly .
x'gsf ;+ulx+ uLtf ;'glgxf/ s'?If]qs ;Dk"0f{ ;}lgs pGdflbt e hfOt
cl5 . cflv/, >Ls[i0f g]tf lysfx g] eLif0f o'4 xf]Ot 5}s . s'?If]qd] axn
;f]lgts ;d'b|d] uGxfOt nfzs kxf8 7f9 e hfOt cl5 . pkGof;sf/s
k|Zg 5}lGx ch'{gs s?0ff, s'6'Dak|]d, ;xh dfgjLo ;Dj]bgfs] s[i0fs
o'4 kIfd] s/fcf]n cfTd;dk{0f sL plrt jf ;fy{s l;4 e]n < syf

11

gflosf df]lbcfOg t}+ af}cfs] a'ema}t 5lyGx afp, dxfg glx, jL/ glx,
gLs nf]s aga O{ cf]lx k"j{ k|wfgdGqL aL=kL=s cfTdlg0f{o lys}lGx h]
/fhf dx]Gb|f/f ;+;b la36gs kZrft\ ;'Gb/Lhns a+bLu[xd] a+bL agn
cfTd;+3if{d] nLg 5ly g]kfnd] k|hftGqs k'g{:yfkgfn]n /QmqmflGt rfxL
jf zflGtk"0f{ ;Tofu|x eLif0f g/;+xf/ jf k|]dk"0f{ d]nldnfk < Oltxf;
;fIfL cl5 lg0f{o k|Llt cf zflGts, s?0ff cf d}qLs e]n /x}s
dfq tLg lbgd] lnvn u]n Plx pkGofl;sfd] df]lbcfOgs j]bgfd]
ls5' ;dLIfss] cl:tljs j]bgf jf cl:tjfbL bz{gs emns e]6}t 5}lGx,
ls5' uf]6] ldyss] jQ{dfg ;Gbe{d] ?kfGtl/t cf JofVoflot b]lv d'Uw
lysfx, ls5' nf]s dfgjcl:dtfs uDeL/ d"Nos klxrfgs sf/0f] ljl:dt
5ly, t ls5' Ps/ cf+rlns kl/j]zs] snfTds ;Hhfd] ;hLj b]lv
;Ddf]lxt 5ly . d'bf, xd pkGof;sf/ sf]O/fnfs df]lbcfOg s b"/f?9
sNkgf, ;dos]/ ;]nf]nfO8k/ ldyss] /flv cf]s/ dd{ lrGxafs j}1flgs
lrGtg cf ts/f snfTds ;Hhf b]afs ck"j{ ;fdYo{, kl/j]zs] zAb lrqs
dfWod; hLjGt agf b]afs sf}zn, dfgj dgs uxg k/v cf ;"Idflt;"Id
c+sg cflb u'0f; clee"t 5L .
df]lbcfOg d}lynLd] cfla h]gf cfcf]/ ;xh, ;'Gb/, ;/; cf
dw'/ e u]n cl5 . d"n pkGof; xd b" a};f/d] k9g] /xL, O{ cg'jfb PSslx
;f;d] k9g] lagf glx /xn u]n . d}lynL efiffs k|s[lt cg's"n efiffz}nLs
k|of]us sf/0f] O{ cg'jfb hsf glx, df}lns s[lt hsf /;fKnfljt s/}t cl5
. Pxg dxfg s[lt ;Dk"0f{ d}lynL efiffefifL kf7ss x]t' >L a[if]z rGb| nfn
x:tfdns agf b]n}lGx cl5, t}+ ldlynf+rns ;Dk"0f{ kf7ss lblz; xd
lxgsfk/ nfvnfv ;fw'jfbs jiff{ s/}t 5L . d"ntM /fhgLltssdL{ xf]Otx'
ckg dft[efiff, ;+:s[lt cf ;flxTosk|lt lxgs c;Ld cg'/fus k|df0f :jo+
Oltxf; cl5, xd/ ;fIfLJfs] k"jf{u|x dfgn hf ;s}t cl5 . lxgs lrGtgs
prfO, Xbos efjk|j0ftf cf pkof]ud] glx cfla ;sn snds ;fdYo{ xd
v"a gLs hsf hg}t 5L t}+ df d}lynL; k|fy{gf df]glx+ df]g jiff]{+; s/}t
/xnx' cl5 h] lxgs ;Dk"0f{ Ifdtf h d}lynL ;flxTod] k|s6 e ;s}t t
ldlynf wGo e hfOt ljZjf; cl5, dftf xd/ k|fy{gf ;'gtLx .
OTond\ .
hgsk'/wfd, g]kfn
b"/efif M )$!%@)@^@

8f= /fh]Gb| k|;fb ljdn

12

aft Afx't klxg]s lys xd aRr] 5nx' . afNosfns

nueu aft;e nf]s k|foM la;l/o] hfOt cl5 . d'bf :d[ltd] ls5''
Psbd :ki6 c8n a};n /lx hfOt 5}s . h]gf ls sf]gf] b"/ 7f9
dg'v :ki6 glx b]vonf]k/ cf]s/ sbsf7L, nQfsk8f, efj
eldf cf hflx 3/af/Ld] 7f9 e cf] ckg hgalgxf/s] b]lv /xn
cl5 t};es] ldnfso xd/f;e cf]lx 7f9 JolQms] 7]sflg n}t l5P]s
h] cf] t k/dkl/lrt kmnfgf 5ly . tlxgf ls5' :d[lt wf]+sfPn;g
b]vfOt cl5 hs/f 7]sfgon]n sNkgfs dblt n]ao k8}t 5}s .
:d[lts cfwf/k/ sf]gf] klxn'sf 36gfs] qmda4 tyf
cy{o'Qm agfaox]t' sNkgfs ;xof]u cfjZos e hfOt 5}s ;]
a'emgf hfO5 . pbfx/0ffy{, h]gf k'/ftjj]Qfnf]slg sf]gf] v8x/d]
pknA3 O+{6, kfy/, e"lds agf}6, ls5' cfsf/do sf7s /rgf;e cf
u[xlgdf{0fd] k|o'Qm cfjZos cGo ;fdu|L;es cfwf/k/ ax't klxg]
7f9 sf]gf] /fhk|f;fbs j0f{g s b}t 5ly .
nf]s;e k"5t O{ syf 7Ls] ;fr] 5}s < === cyjf
Psuf]6 uNk dfq] cl5 O{ < Plx ;Gbe{] xd/f Ptaf sxafs cl5 h] O{
$) aif{ klxg] xd/ afNosfns efjgfdo b'lgofd] 36n Psuf]6
36gf lys cf Pt]s lbgs afb ckg :d[lts b"/aLg; cfO{ xd/f O{
h]xg b]vfOt cl5 tyf jQ{dfg; ;+of]hgs kZrft\ h]xg Ps/ cfsf/
alg s e u]n 5}s, xd ts/]6f cf]lxgf cf]xL ?kd] j0f{g s /xn
5L .

x, t slx /xn 5nx', aft ax't k'/fg lys . xd/f;es
u'd:tf cf 3/s k/d lxt}ifL ld;/hLs] ckg sf]gf] sfh; bl8ef
hPafs t}of/L s/}t b]lv xdx' hL2 s/o nulnolGx ld;/hL,
xdx' hfoa

13

 cxf sto hfPa, af}cf < xd/f Psuf]6 sfh cl5 .

sflNxo] t xd bf}8n] lkml/ hfPa a]sf/] x/fg xf]dP syLn]
hfPa <
xd ckg hL2 glx 5f]8nx', sxlnolGx xd bl8ef
slxof] glx u]n 5L .
cf]lx7fd b]vo nfoss ls5'cf] 5}s, af}cf <
sxfbf]g bl8ef dxf/fhs b/af/ 5lGx, xly;f/ 5lGx,
a8sf c:tan 5lGx, srx/L 5lGx cf a8sfa8sf 3/;e 5}s ===
glx ld;/hL, xdx' hfPa .
xd/ hL2 hLtn . xdx' Psuf]6 5f]6sf df]6/L n s
ld;/hLs ;+u] bl8ef conx' . tlxofs bl8ef :6]zg a'em" t
sfn] hsf 5n . lgRrfd] kft/ cnst/f la5fon a8sf Kn]6kmf/d
cf let/; ;6n Psuf]6 gfd 6]a'nk/ afx/s sf]nfxn; Psbd
lg{G e d'8L uf]+tg] :6'n:6'nk/ a}l; ckg sfh s/}t :6]zgs
sd{rf/L;e . bf];/sft lhNnfs a8sfa8sf kbflwsf/L;e - h]
tvg] :6]zgk/ cfon /x}t 5nfx . _ lj>fd s/}t 5nfx htP sf]/d]
nfn duhL nfun a]+ts uf]gl/;gs a8sf k+vf n6sn /x}t 5n
hs/f Psuf]6 sl/saf s'NNfL 8f]/L g]g] afx/ eLtd] c8]+; nuf]g]
cf}+3fOt l3r}t cf 5f]8}t /x}t 5n}s . h]gfh]gf 8f]/L tgfOt 5n}s
t]gft]gf eLt/ sf]7/Ld] k+vfs 806L drdrfOt lxn}t 5n}s .
eLt/s nf]xfs l3/gL ;]xf] cf]xL ;'/d] cfa v;t ta v;t xf]Ot
lv/{//// s/}t gr}t /x}t 5n}s === Ps6f Kn]6kmf/d; bf];/k/
hfPanf a8sf k'n t lgM;Gb]x sfn] ;g 5n, ul0fts u'0fg
lrGxs cfsf/d] agfcf]n cf]s/ 3]/f nfn /+ud] /n /x}t 5n}s . ===
cf]gf el/lbg sf]gf] b}To hsf 7f9 cf :6]zgs ;Dk"0f{ jftfj/0fs
3f]/n cl:tTjs] 5kg] cf]] k'n /]n clat]] nf]s;es csf/0fs Jou|tf;
y/y/fo nu}t 5n . === cf]lxgf :6]zgf]]k/ === hvg uf8L ca}t
5n}s tvg cToGt rxnkxn, bf}8w"k, efudefu, c;+Vo s07s
t'd'n xfxfsf/ cf tflxk/ kfgl;u/]6aL8L a]roanf;es
s07kmf]]/af lrs8gfO{s ;fd|fHo e hfOt 5n}s . uf8L :6]zgk/
kx'lrt] sto g] sto; a]lx;fa c;+Vo s'NnL;e a/a/fso k"/f
Kn]6kmfd{k/ cf l8Aafl8Aafd] el/ hfOt 5n tyf kl;+h/s

14

df]6f;ek/ xfy w/}t a'em" g]] sAh] s/}t sx}t 5n PSs] k};fd]
afx/ === kx'rf b]a .
bl8ef :6]zgk/ kx''ro; ax't klxglx+ kl;+h/;e ckg
ckg df]6/Lrf]6/L ldnfao nfun 5n . l8Aafd] xnrn dlr u]n
5n}s . === ld;/HfL ;]xf] pl7so ckg df]6fs] b]vnlGx . ;'/lIft
5nlGx . ax'tf] kl;+h/ ckgckg ;dfg ugo nfun hDdf
sPuf]6 5n, co === < Plx7fd t ;ft]6f b]v}t 5L . === x"" ===
e]6n, Ps6f df]6/L cf]Dx/ 5n . a"9k'/fg;e lwofk'tfs] ;Demfao
nunlvGx x] /f}, PDx/cf]Dx/ glx sl/x] x]/f hPa] . ===
bl8efd] a eL8ef8 /x}t 5}s . xd/f;es] ks8g] /lxx] === glx
5f]l8x] 3f]3; emflktf]]lkso ckgfs] ;d]6g] dlxnf;e c;+ot e
x8a8fon b[li6o] rf?sft b]vo nfuln 5ln . === xd t klxglx;
x8a8fon] 5nx', l8Aafd] r~rntf clat] r6k6 ckg df]6/L;lxt
pl7 7f9 e tof/ e u]nx' . ld;/hL ahnfx af}cf, slynP
x8a8f u]nx' < === Pvg a b]/L 5}s . en t /fhb/af/ b]vfon
cl5 . === x] jf b]lvof}s
cf] blxgf lv8sLnu cflaso b"/ b]vfOt nnsf b/af/lbl;
cfu'/ b]vf]nly . xdx' Jou|tf; ub{lg prsfprsfso b/af/lbl;
tfso nunx' . /]n a]u; bf}l8 /xn 5n}s l;;f], af; cf cfds
km'naf/L b/af/s] 5]ls b]ns}s . === Psb"6f s 5f]6sf5f]6sf
zxl/of ;gs 3/;e b]vfo nfun O{+6fs lbjfn d'bf pk/ v/ jf
vk8fs PstNnf 3/;e . Psrf/L v;fso agfcf]n sfd rnfp
bnfgx]t' a/Dfbf lgsnn 3/;e ;]xf] b]vfo nfun . ld;/hL xd/f
;Demfao nunly a'emlnP]s, cf] nnsf gf}nSvf b/af/ lys}s .
=== gf} nfv ?k}of nfun 5}s agfaod]
uf]nunf u~HfL klx/g] Pvgts Psbd lgZrn e s
Psuf]6] Znf]s kf7 s/}t a};n 5nfx . h]gf x'gsf c;x\o e u]n
xf]OlGx cf] r6\ k|ltsf/ s/}t sxnlvGx s] sxns h] O{ gf}nSvf
b/af/ lys}s < === cf] b/af/ t /fhgu/d] 5}s . Ps/f agfaod]
8]9 s/f]8 ?k}of nfun cl5, 8]9 s/f]8
ckg aft ;dfKt s/}t cf] Psa]/ l8Aafd] rf?sft ;uj{
b[li6 3'df]nly, h]gf cf] b/af/ x'gs ckg lghL lgjf; :yfg xf]lGx
cf nfut sd cfls ld;/hL x'gs x}l;ots ckdfg sPg] xf]OlyGx .

15

ofqL;es Wofg ckgflbl; ;xh] cfs[i6 kfla cf] dxfg'efj cToGt

s'zntfk"j{s v}gLs y"s lv8sL bg] lkRr b y"s}t cfuf a9nfx
dxf/fhflw/fh a zf}v; Plx b/af/s lgdf{0f s/f]nly .
lxGb':tfgd] cf]xg sf/Lu/;e glx 5n}s, t}+ O6nL; sf/Lu/;e
dufcf]n u]n . eLt/d] ;etl/ nnsf ;+ud/d/ 5f8n cl5, === cf
;]xf] O6nLo]; dufso === a8sfa8sf P]gf 5}s, cfbdL; bf]Aa/
sbs P]gf;e === zLzfs ;e ;dfg a]lNhod;, kbf{ cf 6]a'ns';L{
tyf knk/s sk8f, cf]5fcf]g cf r2l/;e k|mflG;;L l;Ns,
dvdn cf ;fl6gs lys}s . sf7s ;Dk"0f{ ;dfg kmlg{r/;e
ONof08; cfon 5}s, a'emlnP]s < === 8]9 s/f]8 k8n 5}s, 8]9
s/f]8
cflv kmf8g] ;e x'gs/ uKk ;'lg /xn 5nlGx ls uf8Ls
ult ls5' dWod e u]n}s . ofqL;e km]/ x8a8fso ckg df]6/L
rf]6/L;e ldnfao nfun . xd km]? 7f9 e u]nx' . ld;/hL xd/f
clGtd r]tfjgL b]nlGx xd/f lsGgx' glx 5f]8a . === a x'ln
/x}t 5}s :6]zgk/
;fr] :6]zgk/ a wSsdw'Ssf /x}s . l8Aafd] cs:dft\
s'NnL;es k|j]z x'lns] cfcf]/ s;ds; agfo b]ns}s . sf]nfxn
Pxg h]gf stx' cs:dft\ clunUuL e u]n xf]Os . Ps6f 5f]6sf
s'NnL xd/fnu cfon cf sxns O{ df]6f xd afx/ kx'rf b]a .
=== cw] k};fd]
a snlk s cf] xd/f sxg] 5n . cf]s/f b]xk/ Psuf]6
lry8Lo]6f /x}s . xd ld;/hLlbl; tsnx' . cf] a8L hf]8;
lrs/nlvGx efu ===
;e; s7Lg 5n Kn]6kmf/d; afx/ lgsngfO{ . Ps6f
5f]6sf kmf6s, ;]xf] cw] vf]nn . aLRr]d] === k"0f{ clwsf/o'Qm el+df
no Psuf]6 sd{rf/L 7f9 5n . cf]s/ 6\jLns ph/f k]G6 cf sf]6
/f}bd] v"a rdls /xn 5n}s h]gf Knf:6/ nufso r"g kf]tn xf]Os .
sk8f; a]zL cf]s/ sf/Lemfd d'xd] nfun t]n cf skf/k/ afx/
lgsnn dfys gfO6 s}ks nf]nk/s k]6]G6 rd8f /f}bd] v"a rdls
/xn 5n}s . Psa]/ t blxgf sft; lgsnn x'ln xd/f ws]n}t
ld;/hLs xft 5f]8f b]ns . xd v"a hf]8; ld;/hLs dfylbl; ts}t
lrlrconx' ld;/hL==== ==

16

kmf6sk/ 7f9 l6s6r]s/ Psa]/ k"0f{ clwsf/o'Qm uDeL/

jf0fLd] ;es] 86ns PsPs s s cfp === 7]nd7]n glx
s?
sx'gf s ld;/hLs] ks8od] ;kmn e u]n 5nx' d'bf
Psa]/ km]/f] a8L hf]/; wSsdw'Ssf cf 7]nd7]n e]n}s . xd/f km]/f]
wlsof s cnu 7]n b]ns . ckg hfg cf sfv t/s df]6/L sx'gf
s ara}t xd kmf6s; afx/ lgsnnx' . ld;/hL sxnlGx cfa
df]lbofOg cf]to rn" . === cf]lx7fd :gfgWofg s/a, === vfoa
lkca cf === km]/ xd cxfs] zx/ b]vfao n hfoa .
:6]zg; afx/ cf]t]s eL8ef8 cf 7]nd7]n t glx d'bf
gLs rxnkxn, xNnfu'Nnf cf bf}8w"k cjZo] /x}s . :6]zgs
k5al/of Ogf/k/ rf?sft ;of] cfbdL /xn xPt}s s]cf] kflg
l3r}t t s]cf] e/}t, === s]cf] gxfOt t s]cf] bfts] btdlg;
/u8}t . === ax'tf] cf]lxgf ax't Jo:t hsf 3f]n3fnd] nfun lrlrof
/xn 5n . Ogf/]nus Psuf]6 xn'jfO{s bf]sfgk/ k'/L 5gf /xn
5n}s . Ps6f 5f}+8f xft 3'df3'dfso aLraLrd] ulx+sL;es] ;f]/ s
/xn 5n}s cfp === cfp z'4 3Ls]/ k'/L vfp k+]8f, n" ===
;6n] xn'jfO{ :6'nk/ a};n s/fxLd] vf}n}t 3L; km6fkm6 v"a km"nn
udud s/}t k'/L;e 5flg /xn 5n cf pk/ sf7s rf}sLk/ a};ln
k|foM cf]s/ slgof k'/L tf}ln /xln 5n}ls . ld;/hL zfob xd/
nf]efon efjs] tfl/ u]n 5nfx . cf] xd/f sxnlGx df]lbofOg
cf]to v"a :jflbi6 ef]hg;e e]6}t 5}s . === bfdf] sd
:6]zg; afx/s b[Zos] 3'l/3'l/ s b]v}t xd ld;/hLs
kf5f rno nunx' . cgluGtL PSsf, ;DklQs n]v] glx . === a'emfOt
5n}s h]gf a}nuf8L;es tf]8 ;8sk/; svgf] ;dfKt glx xf]ot .
:6]zgs xQf; ;6n] pQ/blIf0flbl; u]n ;8sk/ ;'vL{ cf dfl6s
ubf{ lg/Gt/ pl8 /xn 5n}s . === tvg] Psuf]6 uf9 xl/o/ k]G6
son rds}t lkml6g cfon hflxd] ko/; bafbafso 6g6g 306L
ahfcf]n hf /xn 5n}s . ;8sk/ rn}t ofgjfxg cf nf]s;ek/
uj{; 6g6gfOt === w8km8fso sft xf]Ot ld;/hL xd/f] lkrfo;
ara}t sxnfx sft xf]p, sft xf]p /fhb/af/s lkm6Lg uf8L
5}s .

17

bl8ef 7Ls] ax't a8sf 5n, ax'tf] glx ;f]rn rLhj:t'

b]lv xd pT;'s cf eou|:t e u]n 5nx' . :6]zg; ;6n] afx/
cf]lxkf/ Psuf]6 ljzfn kf]vl/ /x}s hs/ :6]zg lb;'sf sftd]
PsnfOg; df]bL;es bf]sfg;e 5n}s . === bf]sfg;e cyf{t km";s
emf]k8L;e . cfufd] sf7s rf}sL t}k/ 9fsL;ed] e/n 5n r"8f,
e'Hhf, abfd -rgf_ cyjf ux'ds ;t'cf, u'8 cf ls5' k'/fg n8",
gf]g, ld/rfO{, cf sf]gf]sf]gf]] bf]sfgd] bxL ;]xf]] ;hfso /fvn /x}s .
xd;e cf]xL bf]sfg;ed]; Ps sfts Psuf]6 bf]sfgd] k};nx' hs/
sQf{wQf{ Psuf]6 gfd cf Xi6k'i6 sbsf7Ls ;'Ggl/ cfsif{s
df]lbcfOg 5ln . df]bL 5n b'Aa/kft/ k|f0fL . === gLRrf c;f]/fs
cf]/LofgLd] aLraLrd] vf]]+s}t gfl/ons ufjnf x'Ssf ;'8s}t /x}t
5n . df]lbcfOg ckg bf]sfgs ef]Ho;fdu|L;es 7Ls kf5f knyL
dfl/ a};ln Jou| cf lrlGtt :j/d] lktfso aflh /xln 5ln
j}Bnu hf s bjfO{ nfas 5x ls glx < === soa]/ sxlno}s h]
x'Ssf; bd cfcf]/ km'nt}s d'bf wg;g ===
df]lbcfOg aLraLrd] ckg a8sf 806fanf tf8s k+vf;
Ps xfy] ckg b]xs] xf]+s}t ef]Ho;fdu|L;ek/ lemgs}t df5L cf
la9gL;es] ;]xf] euf /xln 5ln . ld;/hL cf]s/ kltk|lts
Psfu|tfs] e s/}t hf]/; sxnlvGx df]lbcfOg ===
b"uf]6 ulx+sL - xd/f;es] _ b]lv cf]s/ :j/ Psbd sf]dn
e u]n}s cfp, cfp === ax't lbgk/ conx' ===
cf]s/ pHh/ ;'Gg/ bft;e rdls p7n}s . d'xk/s d':sL
cfTdLotfs efjs ;]t k|]lift s /xn 5n}s . xd/f b]lvt] cToGt
efjk"0f{ l;g]x; cf] afhln af}cfs] a e"v nfun xPtlGx . ===
b]v" t, 7f]/ sf]gf ;'vf u]n 5}s
xd r b ckg 7f]/s] hLe; rfl6 lehoafs k|oTg
sonx' . df]]lbcfOg xd/f;es :jfutd] rf}sL; pt/ln . cf]s/
gdx/ sf7L tvg v'ln s :ki6 e s cfon . :y"n gdx/ z/L/,
9f]9L; pk/]s lagf a6danf a8sf unfs l56s anfph k]6s
sg]s gLRr]] Psuf]6 lu/xk/ c8n Puf/x xfys gLn ;f8L, rfs/
rfs/ tyf ljleGg cfsf/k|sf/s sfgd], u8d] cf kP/d] rfgLs
uxgf;e, xftd] a/f]al/ gLRrf ;8s}t afh'aGb cf a]/a]/ km'h}t
vf]kf ;Dxf/on]n p7}t xfy Pxg /xo df]lbcfOg . Pxg gfd df}uL

18

k|foM glxo] e]6t . ;]xf] ljxf/s pQ/L efud] hto dg'vs cfsf/
;fdfGotof demf]n xf]Ot 5}s e]6s t uKk] Joy{ . sg]s sfn xd
6sL6sL nufso b]lvt] /xnx' . cf] e'msln cf xd/ sfvt/s df]6/L
n n]nls . cf]s/ a8sfa8sf sf/Lsf/L cflv, ;'Gg/ cf ;d6n
sf/L ef}+ tyf kkgL, === d'xs /+u t sfl/o] d'bf u9lg cToGt gLs
/x}s . :j:ytfs rdls; e/nk"/n rds}t d'x aLraLrd] cf]s/
x;gfO{; cfcf]/ lgv}l/ hfOt 5n}s . df]lbcfOgs ;fdfGo d':sLof]d]
cf]s/ kft/ nfn 7f]/ cfcf]/ nfn e hfOt 5n}s hflx;] cf]s/
;f}Gbo{ cfcf]/ al9 hfOs . === xfyko/, === afl+x ;e k'i6 cf
cfsif{s 5n}s . === cf]tlx gLrf vf]+s}t rf]6sn ufn 3f]srn
sNnfanf a};n cfbdLs w;n 5ftL cf xLxL b]vfOt z/L/s]
b]lv a'emfOt 5n}s h]gf cf] b'g" ;foax' glx leGg sfn tyf :yfgs
k|f0fL;e xf]o . === xd/f Pvg df]g k8}o, cf]s/f;es] lwofk'tf glx
/x}s . === lsPs t xd cf]to sf]gf] g]gfe'6sfs] glx b]vnx' . ===
zfob t}+ df]lbcfOgk/ pd]/s t]xg k|efj glx k8n 5n}s . ktf glx,
df]lbcfOgs pd]/] sd 5n}s cyjf a]zL xf]Otf] a'emod] glx cfla
/xn 5n}s . === Oxf] e ;s}5 h] cf]s/ pd]/ oyfy{d] sd /xn x]t}s
d'bf b]vod] sg]s a]zLo] a'emfOs . aft rfx] h] xf]ps d'bf cf]s/fd]
b'g" rLh b]vfOs kl/kSjtf] cf h'cfgLs sf]dntf] .
xd/fk|lto] cf]s/ Jojxf/ cToGt cfTdLo 5n}s . cf] xd/f
k'5nls af}cf, bl8ef klxna]/ conx' cl5 <
xd d'8L 8f]na}t x slx b]lnP]s .
Pvgts ld;/hL ckg df]6/L; wf]tL afx/ lgsfln sf]+lrof
g]g] 5nfx . df]lbcfOg xd/f] sxnls cx" gxfon]n rln hfp
nu]s x8fxf kf]vl/d] rln hfp . === kflg zLtn cf lgd{n 5}s, d'bf
sft]d] gxfoa a]zL b"/ glx hfoa . === a uxL+/ cl5 x8fxf
df]lbcfOgs aftk/ cgfof;] xd/ d'x km'lh u]n . xd uj{;
sxlnP]s xd/f x]no ca}t cl5 .
cf] xd/f ;demcf]]nls x]no ca}t cl5 ;] 3d08
kf]vl/, gbL, df]lGx, a8sf vlwof, bx nu glx s/L . === Plx;ed]
b]jtfs jf; /x}t 5}s . uj{s af]nL kl;Gg glx xf]Ot 5lGx
lxgsf;es] cxL x8fxf kf]vl/d] st]s ckgfs] a'emoanf ===

19

ld;/hL cf]Dx/ kx'r u]n 5nfx, xd/f ;f]/ sPnlGx

st]s ca]/ s/}t 5L, af}cf hNbL cfp .
df]lbcfOg afhln hfp, gxfso hNbL cfp tfjt xd
r"8f, bxL, u'8 cf ld7fO{ k/l;so /flv b}t 5L . x], sft]d] gxfPa
sft]d] ===
7Ls]d] cf]xg kf]vl/ xd slxof] glx b]vg] /xL . k"j{l/of
eL8k/ 7f9 e k5aF/L eL8lbl; tsnfk/ cf]Dx'/sf nf]ss] 7Ls;
lrGxgfO{ d'lZsn 5n}s . cf]lxkf/ cfd cf l;;f]s Ps6f 3g
km'njf/L /x}}s . x8fxf jf:tjd] cyfx cf uxL++/ 5n xf]ot . k"j{l/of
eL8 :6]zglbl; e]nfs sf/0f] k|of]ud] 5n . pt/al/of eL8k/ bg]
;8s e]nfs sf/0f]+ cf]Dx/f] 3f6 agn /x}s, d'bf k5al/of cf
bl5gal/of eL8k/ hnemf/ cf km'njf/Lo]6f 5n}s .
3f6k/ cf lgsfn}t sfn xd/f df]lbcfOgs r]tfcf]gL
df]g kl8 u]n . cf] :ki6] O{xf] emnsf]g] 5ln h] ax'tf] cfbdL Plx7fd
8'la s dl/ u]n cl5 . x]nod] t]h;e ;]xf] . cf] Plxd] a;n
b]jtf;es af/]d] ;]xf] r]tcf]]g] 5ln . xdx' Plx ckl/lrt :yfgd]
sft]d] gxfPa plrt 7gnx' . cfsfzd] Psa]/ d]3s 5f]6sf 6's8L
kf]vl/k/ 5fxl/ b}t ;;/n}s . kf]vl/s kflg cgfof; ss/f] td;fon
d'x hsf sf/L e u]n}s . tvg] a;fts emf]+s; ;]xf] cf]lx kf]vl/s
cyfx hn/flz cfGbf]lnt hsf e u]n . nfvf]+ n3' nxl/;e k"/f
kf]vl/d] JofKt e lxnf]l/ df/o nfun h]gf s]cf] ss/f] Psfu|tf e
s b]g] xf]Os cf t}+ s]cf]] ljIf'Aw e u]n xf]o . === ;fr], xd/f 8/
nflu u]n . sft]d] r6k6 gxfso xd ;f]em] df]lbcfOg nu lkml/
conx' .
df]lbcfOg k|;Gg d'b|fd] ef]hg;fdu|L cf]l8cf]g] cf]s/
/vjf/L s/}lt xd/ k|tLIff s /xln 5ln . kft/ lktl/of yf/Ld]
wf]cn km'nfon r"/f tyf cf]xLd] b"uf]6 n", gf]g cf u'8 ;]xf] /fvn
5n . bxL 5fl5d] 5n}s .
df]lbcfOg afhln lno, gLs; a}l; s vfp
ld;/hLs /:tf b]va cfjZos glx . cf] ;GWof s s ccf]tfx . b]/L
nutlGx . aRrf;ed] Ps/ ljrf/ cfjZos glx .

20

cf] km]/f]] afhln x8fxf kf]vl/ st]s gdx/ cl5 ===

glx < s]xg nfun af}cf, cxfs] < cf km]/f] kflg st]s s~rg tyf
zLtn 5}s glx <
xd k'5lnP]s df]lbcfOg, x8fxf kf]vl/d] b]jtf /x}t
5lyGx < 3d08Lk/ td;f hfOt 5lyGx < === st]s cfbdL 8"an
xPt Pvgts cf]lx kf]vl/d] <
st]s g] st]s === s] slx ;st < cf] sf]gf] xnxf cf
gjsf kf]vl/ cl5 ;] === cf]lxd] a pu| b]jtf;es jf; 5lGx . Plx
lhNnfd] Pxg bf];/ kf]vl/ glx 5}s
xdx' pT;'stfk"j{s ;dy{g s/}t sxlnP]s x, ;] t
7Ls] . Pxg gdx/ kf]vl/ xdx'' stx' glx b]vg] 5nx'
xd/f vfOt b]lv df]lbcfOg cToGt l;g]xk"j{s b]v}lt cfuf
afhln af}cf, cxf sL s/}t 5L < k9}t 5L ls glx <
xd sxlnP]s k9}t 5L .
cf] 3';lsso nu cfla km]/ k'5nls sL k9}t 5L,
af}cf <
P==== aL==== ;L==== 8L====
kl9so sL s/a <
3/d] h]gf xd cvgts sx}t cfon 5lnP]s tlxgf lgle{s
efj] xd cf]s/f] sxlnP]s a8sf cfbdL aga .
cf] km]/f] k'5nls s]xg a8sf cfbdL <
xd/f Pxg k|Zgs pQ/ 1ft glx 5n . r'krfk vfOt
/xnx' . cf] nu]d] l:y/; a};ln /xln cf afhln === a8sf
cfbdL;e glx hflg st]s lsl;ds xf]Ot cl5 < d'bf gLs cfbdL
;etl/ PSs] k|sf/s e]6t a8sf ago lbl; glx hfp . af}cf, gLs
ags sf]lzz s? . === gLs
sft; vf]+s}t df]bL glscfOt sxns}s df]lbcfOg, O{
tf]x/ sf]g cfblt 5f}s < === ;es] O{ pkb]z] b]do nu}t cl5
tfjt ld;/hL ;]xf] gxfwf] s cfla u]n 5nfx . df]lbcfOg
km'/km'/fso p7ln cf x'gsf ;Daf]lwt s/}t afhln af}}cf
e"vfon xf]otfx ;] ;f]lr xd lxgsf bxL r"/f vfon]n b]lnolGx . cxf
efg; ckg] s/a t rfp/, bfln, 3L, t]n, hf/lg cflb ;e 7Ls7fs

21

s s /flv b]g] 5L . r'lNx ;xf] km'ls b}t 5L . cf glx t bxLo]

r"8f vf lno ===
ld;/hL sxnlvGx cfa cvg xd/f efg; s/s cf6
glx /lx u]n cl5 .
x'gsfn]n bxLr"/fs Joj:yf s/ox]t' df]lbcfOg rf}sLk/
r9ln .
ld;/hLs] v'cfkLcfso cf] eLt/ ckg 3/d] u]ln . tvg]
df]bL ;]xf] vf]+vf]+ s/}t cf]s/lx kf5f eLt/ u]n}s . k|foM cf]xf];e
lbg'sf ef]hg s/o nfun 5n . === d'xd] sf}/ b]glx+ df]lbcfOg
eLt/; afhln sf}cfrLn g] sxL+ cfla hfO{ === . sg]] b]va}s .
=== xd t'/Q] ca}t 5L .

x7ft\ ckg bl8ef cfas k|of]hgs df]g kl8t] xd Jou|
e u]nx' . k|foM tvg lbgs Puf/x ah}t 5n}s xPt . zx/ahf/s
sf]nfxn ls5' kx/s x]t' zfGt e]n 5n}s . :6]zg z"Go;g 5n,
;8sk/ uf8L jf k}bn ofqL Psfw]6f b]vod] ca}t 5n}s cf ;]xf]
svgf]sfn . rf?sft k|r08 /f}bs ;fd|fHo 5n . cfsfzd] pk/ ax't
pk/ rLn;e pl8 /xn 5n . bf]sfgs gLd uf5k/ sf}cf;e svgf]
svgf] cflaso s'rl/ hfOs . svgf]svgf] Psuf]6 lanfl8
bf]sfg]bf]]sfg] 3'd}t 58k}t ghl/ k8}s . === x8fxf kf]vl/k/ ;"o{s
k|v/ /f}b cgj/t kl8 /xn 5n, d'bf cvgf] d]3s 5fx kl8t] kflg
sl/Ssf /f];gfO{ hsf sf/L e hfOt 5n}s cf a;fts 5f]6sf] emf]+s
cf]lxd] c;+Vo lxnsf]l/ p7fo kflgs] r~rn agf b}t 5n}s .
xd ld;/hL nu hf s hL2 s/o nunx' zx/ b]vo
rn" g ===
cf] cfZro{; ahnfx afk /], Pxg /f}bd] ===
xd hL2k/ ptl/ u]nx' tvg cf] lblscfso Psuf]6 PSsf
ef8fk/ n]nlGx . zx/s k"/f kl/qmdfx]t' glx === gu/bz{gs klxn
k8fjwl/s n]n dfqlx+ PSsf xd/f;es] /fhb/af/ts kx'rf b]ns .
cf]lx7fd xd;e ptl/ u]nx' cf ts/afb k}bn] b]v}t;'g}t cfuf
a9nx' . a8L6fs] ljzfn nf]xfs kmf6s nu; xd;e cf]lx

22

nfnb/af/s] lgxf/nx' hs/f af/]d] /]nuf8Ld] cf] a"9f sx}t /xly h]

agfaod] 8]9 s/f]8 nfut k8n 5}s . hfwl/ tfls ;snx' ts}t
/xnx' cf]lx ljzfn b/af/s] cf tlxgf cf]s/ a8sL km"ns auLrfs]
hflxd] /lj/s zf]ef a9aoanf uf5 tyf km"n;e /f]lk ;hfcf]]n
u]n 5n}s . kmf6s nu 7f9 aGb"swf/L l;kfxL xd/f;es] 8k6ns
sYfL b]v}t 5x, efux Plx7fd; sL ===
ts/afb xd;e xly;f/, 3f]8;f/, c;afavfgf cflb
b]vnx' . Ps; Ps rdTsfl/s j:t';e b]v}t ;'g}t xd/f;e cGtd]
bl8efs ahf/lbl; k};nx' . tlxof bl8ef zx/ PSs] 7fd l:yt
glx /x}s df]xNnfdf]xNnf, 6f]n6f]n cf ;]xf] ;e cnucnu
5'6n l5l8cfon hsf /x}s . Ps 7fd; bf];/ 7fd hfon]n 5f]65Lg
u|fdL0f v08s] kf/ s/lx++ k8}t 5n}s v]t, af/L, tf8s a8sf
a8sf uf5s kflt;e cf cf]lxd] ;6n tf8Lvfgfs Psrf/L;e
aLraLrd] a8sfa8sf gfnL;ed] vbabfOt uhuh s/}t 6f]n
df]xNNffs uGbuL . === zx/s afa";e vk8fanf ljzfn anfs
a/G8fd] ef/L, rfs/ cf a8sfa8sf cf/fd s';L{k/, hflxd] cfwf
z/L/ ;'tfso cf/fd sPn hfOt 5}s, ;'tn b"kxl/ofs z"Go lgxfl/
/xn 5nfx . svgf]svgf] Psfw6f PSsf cyjf a}nuf8L ;8ss
dfl6s] cfcf]/ dxLg ubf{ aga}t kf; s/}t /x}t 5n .
bl8ef zx/s lbgel/s nDaf e|d0f; cflvd] ljleGg
gjgj b[Zo;e ;+hf]u}t d'bf Psbd yfsn 7]lxcfon ;femvg
xd/f;e km]/f] df]lbcfOg nu kx'rnx' . ld;/hL rf}sLk/ a}l;t] 7]xLs
sf/0f] gdx/ ;f; tgnlg . df]lbcfOg Ps afN6Lg kflg cf nf]6f
bl}t sxnslGx cxf;e yfls u]n 5L . === xftko/ wf] s 7]xL
ptf? b]v" t Plx af}cfs], === a]rf/f ===
df]lbcfOgs jrg cToGt :g]xk"0f{ /x}s . tta]] l:gUwtf
ghl/ cf efjd] ;]xf] 5n . ld;/hL pl7 xfyd] nf]6f n}t ahnfx
xd sg]s kf]vl/lbl; hfOt 5L . cf]tlx ;e lqmof; lgj[t e
hNbLo] cfoa . ts/fafb xd/f sfh; afx/ hoafs cl5 .
xdx' kf]vl/lbl; hfon]n p7nx' . d'bf df]lbcfOg xd/f
/f]ls n]nls Pvg kf]vl/ hoafs h?/L glx 5}s . === ;]xf]
s'a]/d] . === cf km]/ cxf yfsnf] 5L

23

xd cf]xL 7fd kL9Lo]k/ a}}l;so xfyko/ wf]onx' cf

nu]s cv/] rf}sLk/ hf s knyL dfl/ a}l; u]nx' . df]lbcfOg
Psuf]6 a8sf nfn6]g n];nls cf nf]xfs Psuf]6 kft/ s8Ld]
cf]s/f n6sf b]ns}ls . ts/afb PsPs s ;e bf]sfg;ed] Ohf]t
xf]Ot u]n}s . PSs] /QLd] ;fem d'Gxfl/ e u]n}s . sL8fkml6f;es
tLv Wjlg rf?el/s jftfj/0fs] x8xf]8o nun}s . cGxf/d] x8fxf
kf]vl/ n'Kt e u]n h]gf lg:tAwtfs sf/L w''w'/ r2l/ cf]lx kf]vl/k/
rl9s k;l/ u]n xf]Os . cf]lx sf/L lg:tAwtfs r2l/k/ c;+Vo
euhf]ugL;e eses s/}t p8o nun}s . xd/f nfun ls+jf
;fems cGxf/ x8fxf kf]vl/k/ sg]s a]zLo] df]6u/ e u]n 5n}s .
xd sg]s 8]/fon cf lzlyn :j/d] k'5lnP]s df]lbcfOg, x8fxf
kf]vl/ ;fem xf]Otlx+ === ;e lbg ;femvg s Pxg] sf/L e hfOt
cl5 <
cf] Psa]/ xd/flbl; w'ldso b]vnls . cGxf/s sf/0f]
zfob, xd/f a'emfon h]gf cf] ax't b"/ xf]o cf b"/lx+; Ps6s xd/f
lgxfl/ /xln xf]o . sg]s bf];/] / nfun . d'bf nun]s cf]s/
:g]xo'Qm l:gUw jf0fL; xd cfZj:t e u]nx' af}cf, x8fxf
Psuf]6 ljz]if k|sf/s kf]vl/ cl5
xd k'5lnP]s s]xg ljz]if k|sf/s=== <
cf] afhln ax't k|frLg kf]vl/ cl5 O{ === ===
dxfef/t]s ;dos lys . tlxof Pto cf6Jo hn /x}s hs/f
aLrd] /x}s Psuf]6 5f]6 8a8f
tvg <
wL/]wL/] hn km8fOt u]n}s . ufds a9}t If]q cf
nf]s;e hns] s6}t 7]n}t u]n . sfnfGt/d] cx""7fd j:TfL a}l;
u]n}s . afbd] bl8efs Pv'gsf dxf/fhs k'/vf;e Ps/f ckg
lhdbf/Ld] ;dfj]z s n]nlGx .
df]lbcfOg Pslx ;'/d] ;'/cfon ah}lt u]ln . xd cToGt yfsn
5nx' tyflk cf]s/ ;'/cfon :j/; ;Ddf]lxt hsf xf]Ot u]nx' . cf]
ah}lt u]ln hlxof O{ rf?sft emf/]emf/; 3]/n Ps6f 5f]6 8a8f
hsf 5n}s, lgTo cxL kf]vl/s df]xf/k/ a}l;so Psuf]6 dnflxg
df5 a]r}lt 5ln . === dnflxg gfd, Xi6k'i6, ;'Ggl/ cf cfsif{s
5ln . h]gf tlxof k|rlnt /x}s cf]s/ k"/f b]x rfgLs uxgf; 5f8n

24

/x}t 5n}s . cf]s/ 3/ sto /x}s, cf] sto df5 df/}lt 5ln ;]
ss/f] 1ft glx /x}s d'bf cf]s/ df5 xf]Os gLs === t}+ cf]s/f
cf]lx7fd a}l;t] b]/L df5 km6fkm6 lasf hfOs . cf] xd/f r'krfk
lg;fon 6s6sL nufso b]v}t cf ;'g}t b]lv aLRr]d] ?ls u]ln cf
k'5nls ;'g}t l5P]s, af}cf
xd sxlnP]s tvg km]/, df]lbcfOg <
h]gf ls ;e lbg cf] s/}lt 5ln Pslbg cf] df5 n s
kf]vl/s df]xf/s ckg lglZrt :yffgk/ cflaso a};ln . cf]lx lbg
cf]s/ 8fnfd] Ps6f a8sf /f]x' df5 /x}s . tvg] bl8ef /fhfs
Psuf]6 gfdL tflGqs kf]vl/d] gxfso b'uf{ sjr kf7 s/}t cf]xL b
s hf /xn 5nfx . cf] nfn wf]tL, nfn sdLh cf 6f]kL ;]xf] nfn]
klx/g] 5nfx . dnflxgs 8fnLs a8sf h'cfon /f]x' x'gsf v"a gLs
nunlGx . cf] cf]lx /f]x' df5s] lslg n]nlGx . Pt]s6f a8sf df5
PSs] cfbdLs] lsg}t b]lv dnflxg a xlif{t e]ln . cf] x;}lt ckg
v'zL JoQm s/}lt kl08thLs] sxnslGx cfO{ t cxfs el/ 3/s
x]t' O{ kof{Kt cf el/kf]v xPt .
dnflxg hvg x;ln t cf]s/ ;hn ldnn ;'Gg/
rdrd s/}t bft;e cf]s/ ;f}Gbo{s] cfcf]/ rdsf b]ns}s . 7f]/;e
/;fon cf nfn e u]n}s . tflGqs cf]lx ;'Ggl/ gf/Ls] Ps6s b]lvt]
/lx u]nfx . tvg] Ps6f rLn tflGqss xfts df5s] emkl6so l5lg
n]ns cf pl8 u]n . d'bf df5 el/u/ /x}s t}+ rLn b"/ glx n hf
;sn . krf;] 8]uwl/ n u]n xf]ot}s ls df5 vl; k8n}s . dnflxg
km]/ Psa]/ x;ln . tflGqs v"a lgxfl/so cf]lx dnflxgs] b]vnlGx .
x'gsf nunlGx h]gf x:fLs kf5f g'sfon r]x/fs d'Vo efu j]bgf;
e/n sf]gf] k|frLg gf/Ls 5n}s vfnL x:fLo]6f tfhf cf cv'gsfs
=== .
h]gf tflGqss] PsfPs sf]gf] uDeL/ /x:o a'emf u]n
xf]OGx cf] dnflxglbl; ts}t k'5nlvGx dnflxg, tf] lsPs
x;nx < === tf] s] 5x <
dnflxg afhln xd s]cf] xf]O tflx; cxfs] sL <
x;nx' Plx b'cf/] h] slno'ud] cfbdLo]6f glx lvofon kz'kIfL ;]xf]
lvof u]n . b]lvof}s g], cf]lx Ps6f /f]x's] rLn p8fso glx 9f]]
;sn . tlxofs dg'v;e k/fqmdL cf xfyL hsf zlQmzfnL xf]Ot

25

5nfx . kz'kIfL;e ;]xf] cf]xg] an'cf/ xf]Ot 5n}s . dxfef/ts

sfnd] Ps6f rLn s'?If]q; Psuf]6 of]4fs z/L/s] p7fso cxL 7fd
vlwofd] km]+sg] 5n . === sxf s'?If]q cf sxf bl8ef st]s b"/
cf ;]]xf] Psuf]6 of]4fs ef/L z/L/ pw}t Pto ts p8a st]s6fs
rLn xf]Ot 5n xPt tlxof . st]s anzfnL /xn xPt
tflGqs km]/ k'5nlvGx tf] 5x s] < tf] O{;e aft
sf]gf a'emnx <
dnflxgs d':sfg x7ft\ x]/f u]n}s cf d'x ljiffb; sf/L
e u]n}s . cf] ckg 8fnf p7f n]nls xd s]cf] xf]O tflx;
cxfs] sf]g k|of]hg === <
tflGqs ls+lrt clwsf/k"j{s ls5' afhs k|oTg sl/t]
5nfx d'bf dnflxg c6]/}t cfuf al9 u]ln . tflGqs cfuf; af6 3]/}t
/x:o pb\3fl6t s/s p2]Zo; s8s}t ahnfx dnflxg, ydx
tf]] s] 5x ;] lagf atcf]g] glx hf ;s}t 5x tf]/f xd glx hfo
b]ax .
d'bf tfwl/ dnflxg lanf u]ln 5ln . g] t cf]to sf]gf]
dnflxg /x}s g] cf]s/ 8fnL . vfnL tflGqss s8s}t Wjlg ls5'
sfnwl/ jftfj/0fd] u'~h}t /xn cf ls5'c] cfuf v;n k8n cf] /f]x'
df5 aLraLrd] rds}t /xn}s .
xd cToGt Jou|tf; k'5lnP]s tvg km]/ sL e]n}s,
df]lbcfOg <
sL xf]Ot}s < cf]to; tflGqs w8km8fOt ;f]em]
/fhb/af/ u]nfx, /fhfs] ;Dk"0f{ j[tfGt ;'gf]nlGx . cf km]/ tvg
tflGqs]s ;nfxk/ Plx vlwofs pTvggs lg0f{o e]n /x}s . cf]lxd]
dxfef/t sfns of]4f;es z/L/s sf]gf] xf8 e]6t}s sL ;] ;f]lr
kfr xhf/ hg 5f}}] dxLgfts Ps/f vlgt] /lx u]n}s . ax'tf] xf8vf]/
e]6n}s . ;es] ufhLd] cg'i7fgk"j{s k|jflxt son u]n h]gf
km'nfs la;{hg xf]Ot 5}s . tlxof; O{ vlwof pTvggs sf/0f] Pxg
a8sf kf]vl/s ?kd] kl/0ft e u]n . lsPs t Plxd] ax'tf] xf8vf]/
e]6n /x}s t+} Ps/ gfd afbd] x8fxf kf]vl/ e un}s .
cToGt pTs07f; xd/ :j/ ;'vf u]n 5n tvg <
df]lbcfOg afhln OxP 5}s clx kf]vl/s syf . cfa
cxf vf kL s ;'t" . yfsn 5L .

26

yfsn t xd 7Ls] /xL . el/ lbgs zx/ k|blIf0ffs

sf/0f] z/L/ ulnso SnfGt e u]n 5n . ysfgs sf/0f] aLraLrd]
cflv ;]xf] lgGg; d'gf hfOt 5n, d'bf dnflxgs sy] Pxg 5n}s h]
a]/a]/ ptfx'n cf pQ]lht s b}t 5n . tta]d] ;GWof ;dfKt s
ld;/hL bf]sfgd] k|j]z sonlGx cf df]lbcfOgs] sxnlvGx
df]lbcfOg, af}cfs] al9of; v'cflkcfso ;'tf b]alGx . xd cf]Dx/] vf
n]a . /flt ca]/ s lkm/a . b" :6]zg cfufwl/ hPafs cl5 . uf8L
;]xf] cfas ;do e u]n 5}s . t}+ xd cfa hfOt 5L .
xd bf}l8so x'gsf nu kx'r u]nx' cf hL2 s/o nunx'
xdx' hfoa === .
ld;/hL Plxa]/ sx'gf t}of/ glx e]nfx . df]lbcfOg ;]xf]
;demcf]nls sxf hfoa yfsn7]lxcfon z/L/ n s /fltd]
=== . rfl/kfr 306fd] ld;/hL rlno] ccf]tfx . rn", vf s ;'t" .
ef6fs t?cf agf b}t 5L, b"w cf eft vf lno === .
ld;/hL :6]zglbl; labf e u]nfx . df]lbcfOg r'lNxd]
a}l;so ef6f t8o nfuln . let/sf sf]7/Ld] df]bL a};n vf]+lv /xn
5n . xd sg]s sfn Ps;/] rf}sLk/ a};n cGxf/d] 8"an bl8ef
zx/s] b]v}t /xnx' . aLraLrd] ;f]e]m dnflxg 7f9 e hfOt 5ln .
xd ;f]ro nunx' === cvg /ft's Plx lg:tAw cGxf/d] h] kf]vl/
x]/fon ljnLg cl5 ts/] Ps sftd] cf] a};lt 5ln xPt === cxL
bf]sfgs 3/f8L nu stx' xd rf}sLk/ ax't sfnwl/ glx a}l;
;snx' . ;;l/so r'lNxlbl; df]lbcfOgnu kx'lr u]nx' . df]lbcfOg
afhln af}cf, e"'v nflu u]n < === a};" cfa nulrof u]n}s,
sg]Ss] b]/L cl5 . t'/Q] ;e ls5' t}of/ e hfot .
xd sxlnP]s df]lbcfOg, dxfef/t sfns nf]s sx'
Pt]s lbg ts lhct < ;fr] /x}s cf] dnflxg <
cf] afhln lsof glx hLct < k|]tfTdfs ?kd]
h'uh'ufGt/ts lha}t cl5 nf]s . ckg lk|ohg;es nud] /xo
rfx}t cl5 . sf]gf] g] sf]gf] lkcf;, sf]gf] g] sf]gf] k"/f xf]do; afsL
sfdgf eLt/L cfsf+IFf cf]s/f;es] cd/ hsf d[To'nf]sd] b[Zocb[Zo
/flv 3'df /xn /x}t 5}s .
xd w8km8fso k'l5 a};lnP]s t cvgf] xf]ot}s cf]
df}uL <

27

df]lbcfOg t/sf/L gLrf ptf/}t afhln xf]ot}s ===

lno, cxf vfp
cf] pl7so kL9L cgnls cf xd/f a};on]n b]nls . Psbd
gof :yfg cf kl/j]zd] ckl/lrt;gs dlxnff/f b]n u]n b"w, eft,
u'8 cf ef6fs t?cf vfOt xd/f ls5' sf]gfbg cf c;xh hsf
nfun . c;u/kg cg'ej e]n . 3/ df]g kl8 u]n . dfoafa', efo
alxg ;e s]cf] ofb cfla u]nly . cvgts t ;e s]cf] vf s ;'lt
/xn xf]otfx . glx hflg, ld;/hL svg 3'/tfx < cf sQx' glx
confx tvg < xd/ df]g 3a8fo nfun . xd/f ;'to n]n Psuf]6
sDdnk/ gLn /s r2l/ df]lbcfOg cf]5f b]g] 5ln . Ps6f d}n
tlsof cf]lxk/ /v}lt cf] rf}sLo] k/; xd/flbl; tsnls cf afhln
af}cf, vfp g] lsof g] vfO 5L < hNbLhNbL vfp . el/k]6
vfoa . of b]v", cf]5fcf]g cf]5f b]nx' cl5 . === cxfs ;'ton]n .
xd hNbLo] vf s pl7 u]nx' cf xfy wf] s cf]5fcf]gk/
kl8 /xnx' . df]lbcfOg ef8fjQ{g dflh cfgd] uf]lnofso /flv
b]nls . ts/fafb cf] Psuf]6 l8laof n]l;so r'lNx nu /flv b]nls
cf nfn6]gs] ldemf b]nls . cfa cf]lx7fd r'lNx nus Psuf]6 w'cf
pun}t nfn ww8fanf l8laofs IfL0f k|sfz dfqlx+ /x}s . afx/
lgh{g lg:tAw /flq cf c;+Vo sL/f;es tLv dxL+g cfjfh JofKt
5n}s . df]]lbcfOg Psa]/ sf]7/Ld] rf?e/ 3'ldso b]vnls . zfob
;e ls5' cf]s/f 7Ls]7fs nun}s . cf] afhln x, t cfa ;'t" .
8/ t glx nfut g], af}cf <
xd eLt/; ;fx; a6f]l/so sx'gf d'8L lxna}t sxlnP]s
glx, xd/f 8/ glx nfut
hfOthfOt cf] km]/ afhln xd ;6n] eLt'/sf sf]7/Ld]
5L . h?/L a'emfot t df]lbcfOg slx s ;f]/ s/a . 7Ls 5}= === <

cf]s/f hfOt] h]gf /flt cfcf]/ lg:tAw e u]n xf]Os .

l8laofs nfn lzvf svgf]svgf] lxln hfOs t sf]7/Ld]
;e ls5' ;Dk"0f{ 5fx;e ;]xf] lxno nu}s . eLtk/s 5fx;e,
9lsofs, df]6/Ls, nf7Ls, af]/fs 5fx;e svgf]svgf] blxgafd
s/}s, lxnf]l/ dfl/so em'n}s t svgf] PSs] 7fd y/\y/fo nu}s .
l8laofs aftL svgf] r6r6 s s r/r/fOs tyf aftLs d'xk/

28

sf/L lu/x alg hfOs . === vfnL w'cfs df]6u/ /fl; rf?lbl; r9}t
p7}t /x}s . === wL/]wL/] xd/f df]gd] 8/s ;~rf/ xf]do nfun . Pgf
Ps;/ xd slxof] glx ;'tn /xL . dnflxgs lv:;f cf]lxgf :ki6
b]vfo nfun . === xd/ Xbo 8/; sfko nfun . b]xs ;e /f]Oof
sf6 hsf 7f9 e u]n . === tvg] nfun h]gf afx/s lg:tAwtf e
e u]n}s cf kflgd] s]cf] 5kfs; s'bn}s . xd/f a 8/ e u]n
cf xd hf]8; lrlrconx' ld;/hL ==== === ==
df]lbcfOg eLt/]; k'5nls sL e]n, af}cf====
xd sxlnP]s x8fxf kf]vl/d] s]cf] 5kfs; s'bn}s
cl5 === .
cf] xd/f cG7fso ;'ts n]n sx}lt afhln ;'t", ;'t" .
=== kflgd] df5 s'bn}s cl5
df]bL Pse/; vf]+lv /xn 5n . a'emfOt 5n}s h]gf cf] cvg]
dl/o] hot}s . df]lbcfOg glx hflg syL afhln cf df]bLs 5ftLk/
dfln; s/o nfuln . df]bL 3]l3cfOt ahn}s cf]x === afk /]
=== Plx; t dl/of] hOtx' === .
df]lbcfOg sg]s lktfOt sxns}ls df]bL /fltd] O{ sL
cdn aft ah}t 5x . === dfln;; tf]/f bd km''ngfO{ sd e
hotx . sx'gf ;'lt /xx .
sg]s sfns afb eLt/ sf]7/Ls xnrn zfGt e u]n}s .
cGttM cf];e zfob ;'lt /xn 5n . df]bLs ;f; ef/L cf 3]l3cfOt
rln /xn 5n}s . /ft's eofjx lg:tAwtf, l8laofs k|sfzs 5f]6
3]/fs afx/ rf?t/kms]/ cGxf/ u'hu'h kl/j]z, lgzfr/L sL/f;es
tLv cf dxL+g Wjlgs u'~hg tyf PDx/cf]Dx/ lxn}t, 8f]n}t cf
y/y/ s/}t 5fx;e . === xd km]/ eoeLt xf]do nunx' . dl:tisd]
a]l/a]l/ pTkGg xf]Ot dnflxgs k|]tfTdfs sNkgfs lrq; xd/ bd
km'no nfun . === lbgel/s af}cOgLs sf/0f] z/L/ cf]lxgf yfsn cf
dnLg 5n, cflv ef/L 5n, emknfOt 5nx' d'bf 8/; lgGg e glx
/xn 5n . cflv nlut] sg]s ;kgf hsf b]vfOt 5n cf km]/ 8/;
lGfGg 6'l6 hfOt 5n . === hfunf]d] cf ;kgf]d] Pslx /s 8/fcf]g
cfsf/;e cfuf 7f9 e hfOt 5n . xd km]/ Psa]/ hf]8; 8]/fs
lrlrof p7nx' ld;/hL ===

29

df]lbcfOg sL e]n < === sL e]n < sx}t bf}}8ln cfoln .

df]bL vf+]lvt] /xo . df]lbcfOg afhln af}cfs] 8/ nflu u]nlGx .
=== a]rf/f cR5f sf]gf] aft glx, xd cxL+ nu a};}lt 5L .
df]lbcfOgs xd/fnu clat] xd/ 8/ cfa k"/] x]/f u]n 5n .
lgGg wL/]wL/] hfto nfun 5n ls df]lbcfOg k'5nls af}cf,
lv:;f ;'gs df]g s/}t cl5 < ;'ga t ;'gfp
xd x'nl;s sxlnP]s ;'gfp g], df]lbcfOg
df]lbcfOg syf ;'gfao nfuln . h]gf ls cf]s/ cfbt /x}s
cf] PSs] ;'/d] ah}lt rln hfOlt 5ln . xd/f a''emfo nfun h]gf
b"/; ss/f] :j/ nuftf/ xd/ sfgd] kl8 /xn xf]o . === 8/ x]/f u]n
5n t}+ cfa 3/s eLtk/s lxn}t8f]n}t 5fx;e v]n cf sf}t's hsf
nfuo nfun 5n . === lbgel/s kl/>d /u/ud] lgGgs ;~rf/ s
/xn 5n . x8fxfd] aLraLrd] 5k5k ;]xf]] xf]Ot /xn}s h] xd/f
b"/; ca}t k[i7e"lds cfjfh hsf nu}t /xn . === :6]zgk/s
leg;'/sf sf]nfxn, x'lndflns b[Zo, nfnb/af/, xly;f/, cf zx/s
cGofGo b[Zo;e xd/ yfsn dl:tis; / hsf wf]cfOt dnLGf xf]ao
nfun . === aLraLrd] xd cf}+3fOof]] hfOt 5nx' . ;kgfd] lrq;e
Ps6fk/ bf];/t];/ ca}t k8}t b]vfo nu}t 5n . cf cxL aLrd]
df]lbcfOg lg/Gt/ ckg ;'/d] xd/f lv:;f ;'gf /xln 5ln . cf]s/
:j/d] ;Ddf]xg 5n}s . laxfl/s kZrft\ h]gf aiff{s a'Gg;e v;}t
/d0fu/ nu}t /x}t 5}s 7Ls tlxgf xd/ sfgd] cf]s/ sf]dn dxLg
cfjfh 6k\6k\ s kl8 /xn 5n}s . cf] sx}lt u]ln ax't klxg]s
uKk lys . ax'tf] klxg]s === ef/taif{d] xl:tgfk'/ gfds Psuf]6
a8L6f /fHos /fhwfgL /x}s . cf]ts /fhf /xly w[t/fi6 a"9 cf
cfGx/ === cfGx/ /xly t}+ u2Lk/ glx a}l; ;snfx . kl/0ffd:j?k
/fhf ags k||Zgk/ x'gs a]6f cf eflth;ed] snx dlr u]nlGx . ===
w[t/fi6s /fgL ufGwf/L cToGt kltj|tf /xlyGx . hlxgf x''gs klt
ckg cflv; ljZjs ;'Gb/ /rgf b]vod] c;dy{ /xlyGx tlxgf cf]xf]
ckg cflvs pkof]u glxo] s/a plrt a''emnlGx cf t}+ ;b}js x]t'
ckgf]] cflvd] kL aflGx n]nlGx . x'gsf Ps ;o a]6f e]nlGx h] afbd]
w[t/fi6s kL sf}/j sxfon . h]7sfs gfd /xlGx b'of]{wg . ===
w[t/fi6s kfr6f eflth . ;e; h]7 /xlyGx o''lwli7/ . O{ kfrf] efO{
kf08j sxonfx . === a]6f cf elthfd] /fhs n]n snx ax't al9

30

u]nfs sf/0f] w[t/fi6 a""9k'/fg;e; ;/;nfx s elthf;es x]t'

cnu] /fh 5'l6ofs bf];/ /fhwfgLs agf b]nlvGx, OGb|k|:y
xl:tgfk'/; pQ/k""j{ vf08jk|:y hns] kmfl8s
OGb|k|:ys :yfkgf son u]n 5n . cf]lx; klxg] vf08jk|:ys hnd]
ljleGg hflt;e ckgckg j:tLd] lgjf; s/}t 5n . cf]xLd] ax'tf]
7fd cfo{ kl/jf/;es j:tL;e ;]xf] /x}s . OGb|k|:ys :yfkgfd] O{
;e j:tL;e phl8 u]n . hns cflbjf;L;e t pQ/e/ eLt/
cfcf]/ 3gu/ hnd] rln u]n d'bf gof gu/s :yfkgf; v]tLkftL
s s a;n kl/jf/;e ax't sl7g kl/l:yltd] kml; u]n . 3/b''cf/
phl8 u]n}s . === ph8n a]3/ kl/jf/;ed] Psuf]6 Iflqo kl/jf/
;]xf] /x}s . cf]lx kl/jf/d] Psuf]6 aflnsf 5ln hs/ gfd === hs/
gfd === hs/ gfd === cR5f, /flv lno /x}s gf/L gf/L dfg] a''em}t
l5P]s , af}cf <
xd lsof g] a''ema}s, gf/Ls cy{ l5P]s df}uL
df]lbcfOg afhln x ===, gf/L dfg] xd/] ;gs df}uL
af}cf, cxf t ax'tf] a''e}mt hg}t l5P]s
a ;+tf]if e]n . df]lbcfOgs k|z+;f xd/f k|km'lNnt s
b]ns . === cflv lgGg; ef/L e u]n 5n . 3/f]d] dfo;e ;'to
sfnd] Pxg] lv:;f;e sx}t /xo cf ;'lgt];'lgt] xd lgGg kl8
hfOt /xL . cvgf]] xd/f 3/] hsf gLs nflu /xn 5n . h]gf xd
3/]d] lv:;f ;'lg /xn xf]O . ;fr] sxL t xd/f nfun h]gf OPx
syf xd/ dfo xd/f slxof] ;'gf]g] /xo . xd/fd] cfnfbs lg;f
r9}t rln u]n, Psuf]6 cj0f{gLo cfgGbd] ;lGxofOt rln u]nx'' . xd
;e ls5'' la;l/ u]nx', vfnL df]lbcfOgs sf]dn s07]6fs cfjfh cf
cf]lx cfjfhf/f lrlqt e /xn syfs b[Zo;e dfqlx+ xd/ r]tgfd]
afsL /lx u]n .
===gf/L tlxof Psuf]6 5f]l6 glUgsf aflnsf 5ln .
OGb|k|:ys] /fhwfgL agfaon]n c;+Vo nf]s;e cf]to cfao nun}s .
eL8 a9o nun}s . /fltlbg Ps s sfh cfuf a9}t u]n}s . ===
wL/]wL/] gDx/gDx/ ljzfn ejg;e 7f9 xf]do nfun . km'njf/L
jfl6sf;e nufcf]n ;hfcf]n u]n . d"lQ{sf/;e ;'Gb/ cf gLsgLs
cfsif{s d"lQ{;e ul9ul9 s ljleGg :yfg;ek/ 7f9 sonlGx .
OGb|k|:ys zf]ef cf ;'Gb/tf OGb|k'/Ls] ;]xf] dft s/o nfun . === gj

31

lgld{t gu/d] gjgj j:qfe""if0fwf/L;e cflaso /xo nunfx . ufg

afhfg; gu/ ahf/ /d0fLo e u]n . ax'tf] xfyL, 3f]8f, ;hnahn
a8sfa8sf /y;e cfon . c:qz:q; ;';lHht jL/ /IfsL;e
;]xf] cfoln . aflnsf gf/L ljl:dt eP cflv kmfl/kmfl/so Plx ;e
lj/f6 kl/jQ{gs] lgxf/lt /xln . ;8sk/ gfl6 s'b}lt, ckg];gs
cGo afnaflnsf;es x'lnd] PtP; cf]to bf}8}lt gofgof
rdTsfl/s b[Zo;es cf] cjnf]sg s/}lt ul]n . === d'bf cf]s/ dfo
afks l:ylt ls5' leGg /x}s . cf];e cToGt b''lvt /xly . 3/3/f8L
;e ls5's x/0f e u]n 5nlGx . gu/ :yfkgfs qmdd] ax'tf] nf]s
hgdh"/Ld] nflu u]n /xo cf st]s bf];/ k]zfs] cLsf/ s g]g]
/xo . ax'tf] dlxnf;e ul0fsf j[ltd] rln u]ln 5ln k]6 t sx'gf
o]gs]g k|sf/]0f kf];f hfOt /x}s d'bf ckg :jtGq v]tLkftLd] nflu
cfon cf]ts k"j{lgjf;L v]ltx/ j[ltanf;e cToGt b'lvt cf If''Aw
5n . tyflk lgolts] :jLsf/a 5f]l8 bf];/ sf]gf] pkfo afsL glx
/x}s .
Ps lbg ce"tk"j{ zf]efl;Gb"/s cfof]hg e]n}s cf
kf08j;e gu/d] k|j]z sonly . cf]xL lbg cf];e u[xk|j]z ;]xf]
sonlGx a x'ln, a nf]s a ljzfn cfof]hg /x}s cg]sg\
o1 e]n, a|fd0f cf k'/f]lxt;e pRr s07; j]bs kf7 sonlGx
c:qz:qs k|bz{g e]n}s . pkl:yt ;}lgs cf gful/snf]slg
kf80j;es hohosf/ sonlvGx . o1w"d; cfR5flbt cfsfz a8L
sfnwl/ hoWjlg; k|slDkt xf]Ot /xn . aflnsf gf/L cToGt
sf}t'sdo e pT;'stf; Plx ;Dk"0f{ cfof]hg cf k|bz{gs cjnf]sg
sPnls . cf] b]vnls h] kf08j;e cToGt ;'Gb/ /xly ===cf b|f}kbLs
?ks j0f{g t ;Dej] glx 5n . cf]x'gf x/]s 3/d] klxglx+; Ps/
rrf{ /x}s . === aflnsf gf/L 5ln t a 5f]l6 d'bf t}of] cf] eflk
u]ln h] kfr k|tfkL o'4s''zn k'?if/Tg;es ;lDDflnt k|]dkfqL
xPafs sf/0f] b|f}]kbLs gfs, e[s'l6 cf u|Ljf uj{; r9ln 5n}s .
kf08j;e OGb|k|:y; lbgfg'lbg ckg lj:tf/ xf]Ot a9}t
/fHok/ zf;g s/o nunfx . OGb|k|:y wL/]wL/] Psuf]6 /fhwfgLs
ck]lIft ult w n]ns . cf]ts gful/s;e ckgckg j[lt cf
sfhd] nflu u]n . gx'Pgx'P gu/s g"tgtf ;dfKt xf]do nun}s .
lj:yflkt e u]n kl/jf/;e ;]xf] PsPs s ckgfs] :yflkt s/}t

32

:yfoL gful/ss ?kd] kl/0ft xf]Ot u]n . cf]xf];e qmdzM k"0f{ ?k]0f
gful/stfs gj :j?ks] u|x0f s/o nfun 5n . gf/L aflnsf; gDx/
xf]Ot u]ln . 8f8d] 8/f8f]l/ n s j:qv08 afGxo nfuln .
PDx/ xl:tgfk'/s b''of]]{wgs b/af/ cf === OGb|k|:ys
o'lwli7/s b/af/d] eLt/]eLt/ lgTok|lt k|lt:kwf{ al9t] rln u]n}s .
b''of]]{wgs] kf08js pGglt c;x\o xf]do nunlGx cf]Dx/ kf08j ;]xf]
k|lt/Iffs t}of/Ld] h'l6 u]nfx . b'g"d] o'4] t z'? glx e u]n}s d'bf
;fdl/s t}of/L;e xf]do nfun xl:tgfk'/ cf OGb|k|:ys aLrd]
Psk|sf/; zLto'4s jftfj/0f alg u]n}s . === b]vfaon]n pk/; b'g"
cf}krfl/stfd] gLs] ;DaGw /vg] /xly . b'g" kl/jf/ ;fdflhs Pjd\
wfld{s cg''i7fg;e kfl/jfl/s ?kd] ;lDdlnt e s ;DkGg s/ly
d'bf t/]t/ lbgfg'lbg a}/efj al9t] u]nlGx . b'g" lb;s a"9k'/fg;e
Ps/f zfGt s/s cg]sg\ k|oTg sonly d'bf ;kmn s]cf] glx e
;snfx .
Ps lbg b''of]{wg B""t cyf{t h''cf v]ns cfof]hg sonlGx
cf o'lwli7/s] ;]xf] xsf/ k7f]nlGx . tlxof B"t Iffq wd{s cwLg
dof{bfk"0f{ dgf]/~hgs ?kd] dfGo 5n}s . o'lwli7/ k"/f bnan ;lxt
xl:tgfk'/ confx . b''of]]{wg ;]]xf] b''cfl/ts cflaso kf08j;es]
:jfut :fTsf/ s s n u]nlvGx .
sx}t 5}s, b''of]{wgs dfdf ;s'gL sGgf s s o''lwli7/s]
x/]s bfcf]d] x/lat] rln u]nlGx . o''lwli7/f]k/ t cflv/ h''cfs lg;]
r9n /xlGx g] cf]xf] lsPs dflgtlyGx PsPs s bfcf]d] ;e ls5'
/v}t u]nfx . klxg] ckg ;Dk"0f{ d'b|f /vnlg, km]/ dl0f
dfl0fSoflb;e, tvg km]/ ckg ofjt\ rn ;DklQ . === afbd] h''cfs
/ cfcf]/ r9}t u]nlGx . /fhkf6 /v}t u]nfx cf === hvg ;e
ls5' xfl/ u]nfx t cGtd] ;glsso ckg kTgL b|f}kbLs] ;]xf] bfcf]d]
/flv b]nlGx . sf}/j;es k8nf}=== t'd'n zAb; B""t:yn
slDkt s/}t b|f}kbLs] hLlt n]ns . ===cf sx}t 5}s ===h] ts/afb
O{v ;fws x]t'P b'Mzf;g e/n ;efs dWod] b|f}kbLs] lgj{:q sons .
b'Mzf;g b''of]]{wgs b':;fx;L efO{ 5n
lgh{g lgs''~hd] k|jflxt lgem{l/l0fs ch:q Wjlg hsf lag'
;':tog] df]lbcfOgs :j/ nuftf/ alx /xn 5n}s cf xd/ yfsn
cf lgGg; cf}+3fon dgdl:tiss letl/of txd] cf]s/ dw'/ cfjfh

33

lgof]lht ;'/d] ahl/ /xn 5n . === svgf]svgf] nu}t 5n h]gf xd

;'lt /xn xf]O cf ;kgfd] lrq;e xd/ lglb|t r]tgfs pk/ Ps k/
Ps rf}k]6fOt syfs wf/fjflxs qmdd] w8.on hfOt xf]o . === glx
hflg svlg -<_ xd/f 7Ls; df]g glx k8}o === ckg ;'/d]
lv:;f ;'ga}lt;'ga}lt df]lbcfOg xd/ c4{r]tgfd] OGb|k|:ys cf]lx
gf/Ls ?kd] kl/0ft e u]ln . ;e ls5' Psbd; ;kgfs rnlrq
hsf a''emfo nfun cf nfuo nfun h]gf vfnL df]lbcfOgs s07s
df]xs Wjlgo]6f xd/ sfgd] afx/; cfla cf]lx rnlrq; ;+of]lht
cf]Ot hf /xn xf]o . Oxf] e ;s}5 h] xd/ yfsn afn z/L/
cf}+3fso ;'lt /xn xf]Os cf lv:;f ;'gs xd/ pT;''stfs hf]]/s
sf/0f] sfg v'nn ckg sfh lg/Gt/] /vg] xf]o . glx hflg svlg;
df]lbcfOg cf]lx lv:;fs] ckg] hLjgs j[tfGt hsf ;'gao nfuln
xd/ dfoafk atf]g] /xly b|f}kbLs rL/x/0f Psuf]6 gf/Ls
ckdfg]6f glx cl5, a8sf ckl/xfo{ clgi6s ;""rs cl5 O{ 3/
3/d] Ps/ rrf{ e]n /x}s . ;e s]cf] clgi6s cfzf; q:t e u]n
5n . === ts/fafb nun] kf08j;es] af/x aif{s x]t' jg hfo
k8nlGx . OGb|k|:y lj/fg e u]n . cf]lx7fds a8sfa8sf b/af/;e
vfnL e u]n}s nf]s;es /f]hL/f]6L km]/; l5gf u]n}s . hgdh"/L
s s vfoanf;e sfdlx /xo nfun . === cf]ts gful/s;e Ps
Ps s wL/]wL/] xl:tgfk'/ hfon]n afWo e u]n . OGb|k|:y Psbd
z"Go cf vfnLvfnL e u]n}s .
xd/ kl/jf/ Iflqo 5n . afa'' OGb|k|:ys kf08j b/af/d]
/Ifs bns lgrsf >]0fLs kbflwsf/L /xly . xd/f;es v]tLkftL
l5gf u]n 5n t}+ afa's] afWotfjz lgrsf] >]0fLs gf]s/L s/o k8n
/xlGx hflx; sx'gfso gj ?kd] xd/f;e ckg hLjg ofkg s /xn
5nx' . ldnfh'nfso xd;e km]/; lglkmls/ hsf e u]n 5nx' d'bf
km]/f] cf]xf] l5gf u]n . kf08j;es jg lgjf{;gs afb OGb|k|:yk/
b''of]{wgs sAhf e u]nlGx cf cf]ts -OGb|k|:y b/af/s_ ;e
/Ifs;e ;]jfd'Qm e u]n . sxfbf]g kf08jkIfw/;es] /vnf;
sf}/j;es ;'/Iffs l:Yflt sdhf]/ e hOtlGx t}+ kf08jkIfLo ;es]
x6f b]n u]n /x}s . Plx; xd/f;es kl/jf/ km]/f] k|sf]lkt e u]n
5n . xd/f;e ;g b''lvt kl/jf/ ax''tf] === a''em" t c;+Vo] /x}s .
cf];e klZrds a8sf /fhwfgL xl:tgfk'/lbl; ckg hLjg

34

hLljsfx]t' cfuf a9n . xdx';e cf]s/];es ;+u k+lQma4 e

xl:tgfk'/ kx'rnx' .
xd tlxof cf7gf} aif{s /xln 5ln xPa . dfoafa'', xd
cf xd/ rfl/ aif{s efo z/0ffyL{s ?kd] xl:tgfk'/ conx' . d'bf
cf]lx7fd xd/f Iflqo;es ;Ddfg cg's"ns sfh sto e]6lt <
kf08j kIfLo xPafs sf/0f] sf}/js ;]gfd] k|j]z xd/f;es x]t'
jlh{t /x}s . afa' ;]xf] ;etl/ ;uj{ ckgfs] kf08jkIfLo] 3f]lift
s/ly . === xd;e sfhs vf]hLd] sto sto g] af}}conx'', sL sL
glx sonx' < sf]gf] pkfo glx nfun . cGtd] hd'gfs t6k/
sf}/j;es b/af/s axl/of lbjfnf]]; ax't afx/ hto asfOg cf
aa"/;es 5f]65f]6 emf8L cf glx hflg slysslys hnemf8
/x}s tyf lbjfn agfao a]/; km]snkmfsn 5f]6gDx/ ljleGg /s
kfy/;e l5l8cfon /x}s, xd;e Psuf]6 d8}of agfso /xo
nunx' . xd/f;es jf; gu/; afx/ cf hn; ;6n 5n . afa''
el/ lbg gu/d] sfh s/ly cf h] hta] sdfly txL; xd/f;es
u'hl/ rln hfOt 5n .
clxgf a9}}t u]nx', jo; r9}t u]n . === h''cfg e]nx' tyf
of}jgs k|yd ;f]kfgk/ ckgfs] 7f9 konx' . dfo sxo nfuln
gf/L, tf] a ;'Ggl/ 5] . tf]x/ b]x cf u9lg a ;x]hln cf ;d6ln
5f}s . === /fgL ago of]Uo 5] tf] === xd uj{; km'ln hfOt /xL .
PsfGtd] hf s hnL xl/o/L; ckgfs] >[f/}lt /xL cf ax'tf]ax''tf]
sfnwl/ ckg ?ks] Ps;/] lgxf/}lt /xL . xd sg]s gfd /xL, s:;n
b]x === kf]/kf]/ gLrf; pk/wl/ ldnn xd/ z/L/s agf]6 /x}s .
tlxof sf]gf] sfh wGwf t 5n glx, t}+ xd hnd] a/f]al/ PDx/
cf]Dx/ af}cfOlt km''bs}lt /xL . cf]lxgf === xl/0fLs rflnd] ===
d[uofx]t' xl:tgfk'/; /fhs'df/;e cf]lx hnd] a/f]al/ cfaly
hfly . tvg xd/ dfo x8a8fso xd/f d8}ofd] 7]ln b]co cf sxo
tf]/f === b]lv n]tf}s t p7fso n hotf}s b/af/d] === cf
gt{sL agf b]tf}s slxof] glx la;l/x] hf] tf] Iflqo s'df/L 5]===
ckg d8}ofs e"/bg] xd lzsf/ v]no cfon /fhs'df/;es]
b]v}lt 5nx' cf x'gs];es ;+u cfon cf]xg] t]h:jL 3f]8fk/ r9n
lzsf/L ;}lgs;es] ;xf] lgxf/l}t /x}lt 5nx' . xd/f cf] k'?if;e a
gLs cf cfsif{s nu}t 5n .

35

Ps lbg xd hnd] PDx/cf]Dx/ cf]lxgf 3'd}ltaf}cflt

rln hfOlt /xL . r}t dxLgf /x}s . hns jftfj/0f lxn}t8f]n}t
km""n cfnltsf;es ;''uGw; ududf /xn 5n}s . lr/O{ r'gd'g;e
uf5;ek/ km''bs}t lr/la/ so /xn 5n . svgf]svgf] sf]O{nLs
tLv :j/ hns] e'mdf b}t 5n}s . cf]lx lbg xdx'' ckgfs] /lj/L
km""n;e; >[+f/g] /xL . tvg] ckg bn; la5'8n Psuf]6 cZjf/f]xL
xd/f; ;6n] sg]s] b""/ 7f9 ghl/ k8n . tvg ;""o{s /lZd cf]s/
d'xk/ ;f]em] k8}t /x}s cf 3fds sf/0f] eLhn cf]s/ /lQmd cg'xf/
rds}t /x}s . xd/f a''emfon h]gf stf}s sf]]gf] ljlZfi6 Hof]lt rdls
/xn xf]Os . cf]s/ ub{lgk/ n6sn sf/Lsf/L s]z;e 3f]8fs
rflns ;+ulx+ pk/gLrf xf]Ot 5n}s . === tvg xd cf]lx lj/f6
hnd] Ps;l/ 5nx'' ;]xf] Psuf]6 ;}lgs j]zwf/L cToGt ;'Gb/
o'jss]/ 7Ls cfuf . xd/f a nfh nflu /xn 5n . xd r6\ Psuf]6
df}n>L km""ns emf8s cf]6d] ckgfs] g'sfas k|oTg sonx' . cf
sft]; x'nsL bP cf]s/ ;'Gb/tfs] lgxf/}lt /xnx' . cf]xf] xd/f b]lv
g]g] 5n . cToGt ;xhtf; cf] ckg 3f]8fs] nu]d] ;6n]] 7f9 s
gLrf pt/n tyf 8]u a9a}t xd/flbl; a9n . === xd/f;e Ps
bf];/s] 6s6sL nufso b]lv /xn 5nx' . cf] cToGt eb|tf; afhn
x] ;'Gb/L, cxf s] 5L < cK;/f, lsGg/L jf uGwj{ < dg'v t
cxf lgZro glx 5L . k[YjLk/ Pxg ;'Gb/tf ;Dej] glx cl5 ===
lsGgx'' glx
xd/f a''emfon h]gf xd/ sfgd] s]cf] cd[t r''cf b]g] xf]o .
xd ckgfs] ;Dxf/}lt sxlnP]s xd Psuf]6 dfgj gf/L 5L . ===
Iflqo s'df/L
Tfs/fafb xd cf]s/f b]vo glx ;slnP]s . d'8L v;fso
gLrf ts}t ko/s cf}+7f; dfl6 sf]l/t] /lx u]lnP]s === cxL 7fd;
xd/f;es k|]d z''? e u]n 5n, cs:dft\ cf k|yd] b[li6;
h]gf klxg] xf]Os, xd/f;es :jo+j/ tvg] hn]d] e u]n .
ts/ t'/tafb tTIf0f] xd x'gsf ckg dfo; e]6 s/fao x]t'
xd/f;es d8}ofd] n u]lnclGx . xd/f dfos] cf] sxnlvGx
dftf, xd sf}/j kIfLo ;}lgs 5L . cfO{ cxfs ;'GGfl/ a]6Ls klt
xf]ds ;f}efUo kfla ckgfs] cToGt xlif{t cg''ej so /xn 5L === .

36

;femvg afa''cf]] conlvGx t xd/ j/s] b]lv cf]xf] ax't

k|;Gg e]nlvGx cf sxnlvGx xd/f;e kf08j kIfLo 5L tyflk
Ps/ sf]gf] cy{ cf rr{ cfjZos glx === xd/f;es a]6L Psuf]6
of]Uo Iflqo s'df/s] ckg j/ r'gnls cl5, OxP xd/f;es x]t'
cToGt k|;Ggtf cf ;Gtf]ifs ljifo lys .
xd/ klt xd/f cf]xL /flt ckgf;+u] 3f]8fk/ a};fso ckg
3/ n u]nfx . dfo l;;s}t, afa' cfzL{jfb b s cf xd/ 5f]6
efo hNbLo] e]6 s/o cfoa . slx cfZj:t s/}t xd/f;es] labf
sonlGx . Ps6f k'?ifs]/ ;';'d :kz{; /f]dfl~rt xf]Ot, Xbod] dfo
afa' cf efos :g]xs] ;x]h}lt xd ckg klts ;+u kTgLs ?kd]
;f;'/ labf e]nx'' . === xd/f;es ufd xl:tgfk'/; sg]s pQ/
klZrd lbzfd] 5n . dWo /fltd] xd/f;e 3/ kx''rn xPa . xd/
klt klxg] gLrf s''lbso xd/f ;xf/f b}t 3f]8fk/; ptf/nlGx .
cGxf/d] cf] ckg dfos] 3/s s]af/ vf]no x]t' ;f]/ s/}t sxnlvGx
dfo, b]v t cfO xd s]xg ;g]; cgnx'' cl5 === sg]s hNbL
s]af/ vf]n t cf cf] xd/flbl; tsnlGx . xd l;g]x;
u''bu''bfOt x'gsf; cfcf]/ ;l6 u]nx' .
xd/ ;f;'' s]af/ vf]nnlvGx cf xd/f;es] b]lv xfys
l8laof sg]s pk/ p7f]nlvGx gLs hsf b]vojf:t] . cToGt nu;
Ps If0f cf] uf}/; xd/f b]vnlnGx . tTIf0f :g]xs nxl/ h]gf x''gs/
;Dk"0f{ z/L/k/ k;l/ u]n xf]OGx cf] x'nl; s ahnLx slgof,
cfp cfp, cfp === ckg 3/d] cfp
tTkZrft\ cf] ckg a]6fs] sxnlvGx ;fIfft nIdLs]
tf] 3/d] cgnx cl5 xd/ nIdL :j?kf k'tx's ;b}j k"/f ;Ddfg
xPafs rfxL
xd/f;es kl/jf/ 5f]6] 5n, hdfhdL rfl/ uf]6]s . ;f;',
b]cf]/ cf xd;e b"uf]6] d'bf kf/:kl/s ;dGjo, l;g]x cf klt
kTgL aLr xd/f;es k|0fo 3/s] :ju{ agf b]g] 5n}s . :juf]{d] Plx;
j]zL cfGfGb kfPa lglZrt] ;Dej glx xPt
ufd hn; ;6n] /x}s Iflqo;es Psuf]6 5f]6sf ufd
;e kl/jf/s d'Vo cf vf; k]zf 5n}s t v]tLo] tyflk hflx 3/d]
;dfs ;+Vof j]zL /x}s cf]lxd]; s]cf]s]cf] ;}lgs ;]jfd] gf]s/Lx]t'
xl:tgfk'/ rln hfOt 5n . xd/f;es] sDd] v]tkyf/ /xo t}+ xd/

37

j/s] ;}lgs ;]jfd] gf]s/L s/o hfo k8n /xlGx . ckg of]Uotf; cf]
;]gfd] gLs kbf]Gglt s/}t cfuf a9}t hfOt 5nfx . el/ lbg
xl:tgfk'/d] /x}t 5nfx cf ;fem kl8tlx+ 3f]8f bf}8a}t 3/ 3'l/ ca}t
5nfx . Plxk/ xd/flb; tflstfls s xd/ ;f;' 7flf] s/lyGx
cfOsflNx xd/ h]7sfd] 3/s a]z df]x pdl8 con}s cl5
tlxofs xd/ lbg;e a gLs cf /dgu/ 5n . cf]ts
;e ;dt'l/of a]6Lk'tx';e xd/ ldltg alg u]ln 5ln . xd;e
em'08 agfagf s v]td] 3'dl}t /xL . hnd] ufodfn r/al}t /xL
cf 3f;kft tyf hf/lgsf7L a6f]l/so cg}lt /xL . === xd/f;es
ufd]s sftd] Ps6f s'08 /x}s . cf]lx s'08s eL8k/ Psuf]6 ljzfn
;""o{dlGb/ /x}s . cf t}+ cf]lx s'08s] nf]s ;""o{s'08 sx}s . kfjlg
ltxf/d] cf]to d]nf nu}s . vf; s ;""o{u|x0fd] v""a gdx/ d]nf nflu
hfOs . a eL8 cf 7]nd7]n e hfOs . === cfg lbg cf]lx7fds
jftfj/0f zfGt cf l:y/ /x}t 5n}s . xd;e ufds df}uLd]x/;e
;+u ldnfso cf]tlx hfO{ cf df]xf/k/ a}l;so ax'tf] sfnwl/
altcfO{, x:;L7flf s/L, v]nLs"bL . === xd/f;e clxgf ckg ;do
JotLt s/}t /xL . slxof]slxof] ;es df]g e hfOs t j:q
lgsfln gxfo nfuL ;+uL;e xd/ b]x b]lvt] sxo nu}ls gf/L,
a ;'Ggl/ 5] tf] tf]/f b]lvso xd/f;es] Oiof{ xf]Ot cl5 . u[x:y
:qLs] Pt]s ;'Ggl/ glx xf]oafs rfxL
xd/f nfuo nfun h]gf hLjg slxof] glx ;7oanf a;Gt
lys === tlxof ;Dk"0f{ b]zs jftfj/0f zfGt cf ;'vdo /x}s .
b''of]{wgs k|tfk rf?e/ JofKt e u]n 5nlGx . x'gs/ ;e zq''
k/flht e u]n 5n . kf08js ;Gbe{ ;]xf] nf]s la;l/ u]n /xo .
kltk|lts xd/ k|]d cfcf]/ al9t] hf /xn 5n . k|To]s lbg ;fem s
xd b''cfl/k/ 7f9 e x'gs/ af6 b]vL . cfx tlxofs /d0fLo
/flt;e==== xd slxof] sf]gf la;l/ ;s}lt 5L === k|]d cf cflng;
e/n === cfgGbs If0f; s;n /flt;es] s] la;l/ ;s}t cl5 <
slxof]slxof] xd/ klt b/af/s rr{ s/ly cf sxly
kf08j;es jgjf;s af/x aif{ lalt u]nlGx . u'Ktjf; ;]xf] cfa
hNbLo] ;dfKt e hfot .
xd slxolGx cfa kf08j;e km]/f] ccf]tfx < cf];e
Pto zflGt ;dfKt s snx drfao yf]/lx+ 3'/tfx <

38

tyflk slxof] sfn s xd/f] df]g b''ZlrGtf; el/ hfo . ===

sx' stx''; xd/ ;'vL cf cfgGb; e/n Plx hLjgs] ls5' vnanf
t glx b]t < sf]gf] b''lb{g t glx cfla hfot < d'bf df]g km]/ l:y/
;]xf] e hfo . stx' ls5' t]xg cz''e glx b]vfo . ;'v l5goanf
sf/L d]3s sf]gf] 5fxf] ghl/k/ glx pt/o .
clxgf cToGt cfgGb cf k/d;'v ef]u}t lbg latf /xln
5nx' . xd/]6f glx ;e gf/L;e ckgckg klt k|]dd] laef]l/ 5ln .
zflGts jftfj/0f 5n}s . o'4s cfzf Psn]v] lanf u]n /x}s .
;""o{s'08d] Ps lbg ;vL;e x;}ltv]nl}t v'zLof] dgf]nx' cfa
dg'v o'4; d''lQm kfla n]ns====
d'bf cfgGbs If0f h]gf ;fr] s]cf] l5lg g]g] xf]o ===
Pslbg xd/ klt ax't /flt s 3'/nfx . cg'xf/ Psbd yfsn
7]lxcfon cf sl/cfon /xlGx . xd/ df]g cfzf; el/ u]n
sL, sf]gf] t]xg val/ cl5 <
kf08j;e lj/f6 /fhfs b/af/d] 5ly . Ps aif{s
jgjf;s ;dflKtk/ cf];e /fhf b''of]{wgs] ckg /fh lkmtf{ s/on]n
;dfb k7f]nlGx cl5 . cf] l:y/; lgZjf; 5f]8}t pQ/ b]nlGx .
xd Jou|tf; k'5lnolGx cfa sL xPt <
cf] cfcf]/ uDeL/ xf]Ot atcf]nlGx /fhf b''of]{wg lj/f6
/fhfs b"ts] glx gLs hsf lt/:sf/ s 3'/f b]nlvGx

Ps/fafb xd/f;es b'Mvs lbg z''? e u]n . rf?sft;
b''lZrGtf 3]/ n]ns . /ft's k|0fod] ;]xf] cfa lvGgtfs af]w xf]do
nfun, lbj;s 38L t cf]lxgf pbf;Lgtf; e/n sf]+rn /lxt] 5n .
Pxg cj:yf xd/]6f glx 5n . ;e gf/L;es OxP xfn /x}s .
;""o{s'08k/ hdf e s xd/f;e ckgckg kltf/f k|fKt
;dfrf/;es hf]8tf]8 tyf uGygdGyg s/}t /xL cf lrGtf
b''lZrGtfd] ;do lata}lt /xL . ss/f] ;do cg's"n glx a''emfOs .
pTkGg kl/l:ylts] s]cf] b''lb{gs nIf0f sxo t s]cf] csl5so aflh
p7o b]vxL, cf]lx blIf0fal/of sft; p7}t a;fts] === s]xg
u/d cf p;lgofs efk hsf a''emfOt 5}s

39

;""o{s'08s blIf0fklZrd lbzfd] 5f]65f]6 ljleGg cfsf/s

kfy/;e; kf6n ljzfn afem k/tL vfnL If]q /x}s hflxd] sf6s
emf8, 3f;s emvf]/ tyf s''z 5fl8 cf/ ls5' glx xf]Os . cf]lx
k/tLs afem rl/q xd/f;es] glx hflg lsPs z'?c]; a 8/fcf]g
nfuo . === udL{d] t cf]ts 66fon w/tL tfcf]; wLk hfOs . b""/;
cf]lxd]; lgsn}t efkm b]lvs nu}s h]gf cf]s/ dfl6s t/d] sf]gf]
clUgs''08 x/x/fOt k|Hjlnt /xn xf]Os . pk/ jfo'd] ww/f hsf
u/d a;ft :ki6 b]vod] ca}s . cf km]/ a/vfd] tt]s g] kflg k8}s
h] a''emfOs cfsfz kmfl6s vl; k8t}s . OGb|s ah| If0fIf0fd]
eo/ uh{g s/}t cf]lx w/TfLk/ a]l/a]l/ ah/}s . a;Gts sf]dn
Ct'd] ;]xf] cf]lx7fds jfo'd] /d0fLotf glx cg;f]xfcf]g ;/;/fxl6
cf pbf; dgs pR5\jf; /x}t 5n . === cf] ljzfn afem e""ldv08
xd/f;es] slxof] gLs glx nfun . ;lbvg e""txf hsf a''emfo .
xd/f;e ckgfd] altcfO{ cf] :yfg ck;u''gL cl5, kfkL cl5
cf t}+ t cf]ts dfl6 afem lys}s . === cf]to s]cf] ckg 3/ glx
agf]ns g] t s]cf] cf]to x/] hf]tns . kmnf]km"ns aufgx]t' ss/f]
pko'Qm glx a''emon}s, O{ afem If]q ss/f] kl;Gg glx e]n}s . t}+
s]cf] cf]s/f glx ckgcf]ns ckg glx agf]ns cf] /h]s hdLg
/lx u]n}s ;elbg, s''? /fhf;es ;/sf/L hdLg . cf t}+ cf]lx
e""lds] nf]s s''?If]q sx}s .
wLkn em8sfcf]g 3"0f{ jfo'k/ vf}+emfOt xd/ Psuf]6
ldltg Ps lbg afhln /xo b]vxL t, s]xg /fIf;L a;ft cl5 .
vfvf s/}t ax}t cl5 ===
slxof] sfn xd;e Psbf];/s] 9f9; lbP]ls sf}/j
tyf kf08js aLr d]nldnfks k"/f k|oTg e /xn 5}s . b''of]{wgs]
x'gs/ ckgf] kIfs a""9k'/fg;e a''emcfas oTgd] nfun 5ly . ;e
s]cf] eL/n 5lyGx . === cf]Dx/ o''lwli7/ ;]xf] kfr]6f ufd; ;Gtf]if
s/s pbf/tf JoQm s /xn 5lyGx .
slxof] ;'lgP]s wdf{Tdf o''lwli7/d] nl8so /fHo
k|flKts sg]sf] cfsf+IFf glx 5lGx . xd/f;e x'gsf wGo k''?if
slxolGx d'bf tvg] s]cf] sxo cfao h] eLd tfd;] tfn 7f]ls7f]ls
s pQ]hgfd] sf}/jkIfs] nnsf/}t /x}t 5lyGx . === sxfbf]g b|f}kbL
;]xf] ;es] l:y/ xf]Ot b]lv lwSsf/}lt sxnlvGx x] tyfslyt xd/

40

jL/ klt;e sL cxf;e e/n /fh;efd] son u]n xd/ a]Ohlt

la;l/ u]nx' === <
b|f}kbLs Pxg O{v jrg xd/f;es] gf/Ls dof{bfs cg'?k
glx nfuo . xd;e ckgfd] slxP]s t]/x a/v klxg]s
c:fDdfgs k|ltzf]w /flv Psuf]6 gf/Ls] ckg k''?ifs] o''4x]t' pQ]lht
glx s/s rfxL . O{ t ckg ;'ne gf/LTjs] ltnf~hln b]a cl5 .
cxL aLrd] xNnf p7n}s h] fl/sf; s[i0f dWo:ytfs x]t'
cfon 5ly . xd/f;es ;f; 3'/n . hflx j[li0f j+zs /fHo ;d'b|wl/
km}nn 5n tts g]tf cf]lx k|tfkL jL/ k''?ifs gfd s] glx ;'gg] 5n
xPt < dy'/f cf uf]s'nd] ob''j+z lz/f]dl0ff/f e]n nLnf;es lv:;f
tlxof :qLu0f;ed] a]z rrf{s ljifo /x}s . ;es Xbod] x''gsfn]n
pT;'stf /xlGx . === oBlk cf] kf08j;es s'6'Da /xlyGx,
x'gs];es kIf ;]xf] n]lyGx tyflk xd/f;es] x'gsfk/ k"'/f ljZjf;
cf >4f /xo . x'gs/ dWo:ytf c;kmn xPa] glx s/t, cjZo]
;kmn xPt ;] ;es ljZjf; /x}s . === ax'tf] x'gsf b]jtfs cjtf/
dflg k"hf s/lGx . cf] sL g] s ;s} 5ly < ckgfs] cfZj:t
s/ox]t' xd ldltg;e Psbf];l/s] k"l5P]ls cf ckg] pQ/f] lbP]ls .
xd t ljZj:t e u]nx', cfa xd/f;es ;'vdo hLjgs cfsfzd]
5fPn sf/L d]3 lglZrt] lanf hfPt . xd km]/; klxglx+ hsf
pT;'stfk"j{s ;femvg s b''cfl/k/ ckg klts k|tLIff s/o
nunx' .
xd/ b]cf]/ kfy/k/ ckg xlyof/ rdsa}t sxlyGx
ef}hL, glx hflg st]s kf08j;es dfys /Qm O{ lkct < xd/f
sg]sf] gLs glx nfuo . lktfso slxP]ls s]xg cz''e jrg
lgsfn}t 5L cxf, af}cf cf ;]xf] ;fe'ms kx/ === . cxfs] zflGt
cf d]nldnfk gLs glx nu}t cl5 < l5 M
/fltd] ckg klts sf/L s]z; 5f/n u/d 5ftLs] :g]x;
:kz{ s/}lt, dn}lt cf cfcf]/ sl;ofso x'gsf; ;6l}t cfZj:t
efj] xd sxlnolGx k|f0fgfy, >Ls[i0fs k|oTg; cjZo d]n e
hfPt . cfa xd/f;e clxgf k|0fos /flt lgaf{w ?k; dgf ;sa
x'gs/ pQ/ tt]s cfZj:tsf/L glx 5n . cf] sxnlGx
sf]gf sx"" h] sL xPt k|f0fKof/L ckgf;es /fhf b''of]{wg
kf08j;es] ;''Oof]s gf+]s ht]s dfl6 glx b]a ;] slx /xn 5lyGx .

41

hL2k/ c8n 5ly . === PDx/ >Ls[i0f cfon t 5ly d]nldnfks

k|:tfj n s d'bf 5ly kf08j;es kIfd] === cf x'gsf;es] o'4x]t'
eLt/]eLt/ ps;f ;]xf] /xn 5ly .
xd/f;es k|0fo/flq km]/f] ;]/f u]n cf ;b}j hsf ef]/]
k|f0fgfy 3f]8fk/ ;jf/ e xl:tgfk'/ rln u]nfx .
b''kxl/ofd] km]/ xd ;e ldltg ;""o{s'08s kfy/s 3f6k/
hdf e]nx' . ;es syg Pslx /s 5nl}s >Ls[i0f 5n s /xn
5ly z'4 dg; dWo:ytf glx s /xn 5ly . s]cf]s]cf] t Oxf]
afhln h] s[i0f eujfgs cjtf/ 5ly cf k[YjLs ef/ x/g s/ox]t'
;d/ /rfaon]n d[To''nf]sk/ cfon 5ly .
;d/ zAb]; xd/f;es Xbo eo; eLt/; sflk u]n . 8/;
y/y/fOt gf/L;e ckgckg klt, efo, lktf cf aGw''afGWfj;es
x]t' O{Zj/; df]glx+ df]g k|fy{gf s/o nfuln x] eujfg ;es
/Iff s? . xd of}}jgs k|yd k|x/d] k|j]zlx+ sPg] gf/L af0f; cfxlt
xl/0fL hsf 56k6f u]nx'' cf sflkso aflh p7nx'' x] k|e' xd/
dfus l;Gb""/ === x] k/dfTdf slxof] g] kf]5x
d''bf sf]gf] eujfg ef/taif{s sf]gsf]g; p7n ;Dk""0f{ gf/L
s07s Plx cfQ{ k''sf/k/ lslr+t Wofg glx b]nlvGx . lbgk|ltlbg b''g"
kIf; n8fO{s t}of/L hf]8tf]8; xf]do nfun . b|"t cf t]h 3f]8f b
b s ckg kIfd] ldnfaox]t' ef/taif{]6f glx b"/ ax't b""/
b]zb]zfa/s /fhf;enu b""t;e k7fcf]n u]n . /fhf;e df]6fdf]6L
/Qm;DaGw cg';f/ sf}/j cf kf08j kIfd] ljeflht e 7f9 xf]Ot
u]nfx . s[i0f sxfbf]g ch'{g cf b''of]{wg b'g"s] k''5nlvGx Pslbl;
Ps cIf}flx0fL ;]gf /xt t bf];/lbl; xd Ps;/] /xa, sf]g n]a <
b''of]{wg cIFF}lx0fL ;]gf r''gnly . ch''{g otf] s[i0f:ttf] ho M
sx}t s[i0f]s] r'gnlGx . b''g" kIf Ps bf];/s] tf]8s, km'6fas ;Dk""0f{
oTg sons . Ps lbg s''GtLof] g''sfso ckg hf/h k''q s0f{nu hf
s sxnlvGx k'q, cxf kf08jlbl; nflu hfp ;'g}t l5P]s
sxfbf]g s0f{ sxnlvGx ls t ch'{g /xt ls xd /xa, cxfs
kfr6f k'q t /xa] s/t g]
b'x" kIfs ;]gf ;'';+ul7t ;';lHht xf]Ot Pslqt xf]do
nfun . b'x" kIfs cf]xg lj/f6\ ;]gfs] Pslqt e c6o hf]u/ bf];/
sf]gf] :yfg cfcf]/ sto e]l6t}s < cf]xg :yfg t Psdfq

42

xd/f;es ufds ;""o{s'08s bl5gkl5dal/of ljzfn k/tL s'?If]q]6f

/x}s . t}+ b'g" kIfs ;]gf cf]tlx hdf e]n}s . k'?if;e o'4s pQ]hgf;
lwk}t v/fOt u]n . cf];e PDx/cf]Dx/ bf}8o, nfaocf];f/o, w/o
g'sfao glx hflg lsPs cf syLd] Jo:t /xo . cf]s/f;e;
gf/L;es e]63f6 ;]xf] lbglbg s7Lg xf]Ot u]n}s . PDx/ eou|:t
:qLu0f;es] stx' sf]gf] qf0fs af6 glx b]vfOs . ;e 56k6fOs,
a]r}g /x}s . svgf]svgf] eo; xd/ bd km'ln hfo . c;+Vo ;]gf,
/y;es klxof, xfyLs kP/ cf 3f]]8fs 6fk; p8n ub{s sf/0f]
cfsfz emkf s cGxf/ e hfOs . xd/f;es v]ts ;Dk"0f{ afnL
lgb{otfk"j{s lkr/flkr/f s b]n u]n . ;e ls5' dfl6d] ;gf u]n}s .
cf]Dx/ vfnL aLraLrd] t'd'n 3f]if, z+vs Wjlg cf guf/fs
u8u8fxl6 xf]Os . cf PDx/ ckg 5f]6 g]gf e'6sfs] 5ftL; nufso
qflxqflx s/}lt dftf;es qmGbg ;'gfOs .
t}of], === d[To's Pxg ljzfn cfof]hgf rf?e/ JofKt
xf]Otf] === ;etl/ sfns v8\u :ki6 p7fcf]n b]vfOtf] hfwl/ ;f;
tfwl/ cf;s sf/0f] 5f]65f]6 xNnfd] xd/f;es] cfzfs ls/0f
emns}t /xn . ckg /fhf b''of]{wgs lb;; t xd/f;es] sf]gf] cf;]
glx 5n lsPs t cf] x7L tyf cledfgL /xlyGx . ckg x7s n]n
;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/s] clUgd] ;'fx s ;s}t 5nly . d'bf kf08j;es
:jefj Pj+ Jojxf/; aLraLrd] cfzfs cjZo ;~rf/ e hfOt
5n . ;'glnP]ls h] hvg s[i0f wd{o'4s JofVof sonlvGx t
sxfbf]g o'lwli7/ afhn /xlyGx x] s]zj o'4 svgf] wd{do glx
e ;s}5 Psa]/ t pu| :jefjs xf]Otf] eLd ;]xf] s[i0f;
zflGts kIfd] ts{;lxt ckg ljrf/ /vnlGx .
cGttM ls5' glx e ;sn . xd/f;es cf; kf]cf/s ww/f
hsf wwsn cf ldemf u]n . cf]lx /flt hvg xd/ klt 3/ 3'/nfx
t x'gs/ d'x] b]lv xd/f emnls u]n h] cfh's /flt k|foM xd/f;es
clGtd /flt xPt . === cf]lx /.lt xd/f asf/] glx km'6n . cf]xf] ls5'
glx ahnfx . el/ /flt 5ftLd] 5ftL ;6f]g] gf]/ axa}lt /xnx' . ===
ef]/] hfOt sfn cf] Ptao sxnly ljbf Kof/L ljbf
xd ckg d'/L p7fso 8a8afPn cflv; sx'gf b]lvlnP]ls
ls5' afhln glx u]]n . === ljbf ljbf sL ljbf < cfO{ts xd
sxf ljbfO{ s/o ;sln 5L < sP6f o'u, st]s sNk lalt u]n d'bf

43

cf]lx ef]/; la5'8n ckg klts] xd Pvgts ljbfO{ glx s ;sln

5L .
k/ft eg]; ufdd] Psf]6f k'?if /lxo] glx u]n}s . xd/
afa' cf efo ;]xf] cf]Dx/ kf08jlb;; ;]gfd] etL{ e u]n 5nfx ;]
;'gnx' . klt cf b]cf]/ sf}/j ;]gfd] tyf afa" cf efo kf08j
;]gfd] . s] ss/ aw s/t < Plx :jhflto xTofsf08; s] ss/fk/
ljho k|fKt s/t < === ss/f; s] xf/t < x] k/dfTdf
lbg t cf] k|nos]/ k|f/Des 5n, d'bf cf]x" lbg eujfg
ef:s/ ;fdfGo] lbg hsf ckg Hof]ltd{o j/bfg k[YjLk/ ;j{q
l5l8ca}t plbt e]n 5nfx . ;"of]{bo; klxglx+; t cf]to 3f]/
sf]nfxn 5n]x] d'bf ;""o{s k|yd ls/0f s'?If]qk/ kl8t] cf] ljzfn
k/tL wKk b al/ u]n}s . /y;es lzv/s 5f]8;e, of]4f;es
sjr, xfyxltof/, t?jfl/, t/sz, af0f, a/5L, efnf, u8f;,
;]gfklts d's'6, 3f]8f cf xfyLs ;fh>+[f/ ;e ls5' Ps]a]/ h]gf
lj:kmf]l6t e u]n xf]Os . ;""o{s ls/0f; ;e ls5' bdls p7n}s .
cf]lx lbg cf]lx 7fd dg'vs pd8n afl9s sf]gf j0f{g s? < h]
b]vns ;Px a''emns . cf]s/ lrq0f s]cf] glx kltofPt, sNkgf;
kmflhns tYo cl5 O{
k|f0fgfy; la5'l8t] xd/ hLjgs ;Dk"0f{ /; ;''vf u]n,
;els5' lg3l6 u]n . bzf] lbzfd] cGxf/] cGxf/ b]vfo nfun stx'
ls5' glx a'emfo === svgf] PDx/ cfaL t svgf] cf]Dx/ hfO{ . tlxof
;FGTjgf] ;]xf] s] ss/f cf s] lbtl}s < ;es xfn Pslx / ;e
;dfg ?k] kLl8tf 5ln, ckgckg k/dlk|o k'?if;es] /0fd] ljbf s
gf]/ r'cf /xln 5ln . ;es Xbod] PsfGts kL8f cf qmGbg]6f
/x}s . ;f;'nu hfO{ t cf] xd/f 6's'/6's'/ es'cfso b]vly x'gs/
cflvs cfuf b'x" k'qs lrq gr}t /x}t 5nlGx xf]Ot . ufds ;vL
ldltg;e ;]xf] xd/];g j]bgfd] j]bfcln 56k6fOlt af}}cfOlt /xl}t
5ln . ;e ckgckg k|f0ff]; lk|o klts] d[To's fl/lbl; ljbf e
hfOt b]vg] 5ln . === cf]lx7fd s] ss/f sL slxso e/f]; lbt}s <
xd ljlIfKt hsf e s ufds ;e; pr pt/al/of
prsf wQfk/ hf s a}l; u]nx' hto; ef]/s ;fkm Ohf]td] s'?If]q
ls5'ls5' b]vfOt /x}s . xd/];gs ax'tf] cfcf]/f] u|fdL0f gf/L;e
ckgckg ;Gtfg;es] 5ftLd] ;6f]g] yfsn z/L/s] 7f9 /fvod]

44

c;dy{ eP 7]x'lgof /f]lkso a}};ln prlsprls s b]vs k|of; sP

/xln 5ln . ;es b[li6d] z"Gotf 5n}s cf ;e s'?If]qd] nx/fOt
dfgj;d'b|d] ckgckg lk|o;es] tfls /xln 5ln . cf]lx ;d'b|d] s]
sf]gf] dfgj ljGb'ljz]ifs] 7]sflg s lrlGx ;s}lt 5ln < cfa t
cf]lx7fd vfnL Ps6f k|r08 dfgj lk08 dfqlx+ b]vfOt 5n}s hflxd]
JolQm k"/fk""/L n'Kt e u]n 5n . cf]to cfa g] ss/f] k|f0flk|o klt,
g] ss/f] 5ftLs 6's8f k'q, g] ss/f] efo cyjf g] hLjgs Psdfq
cfwf/ afk, bfbf jf cfcf]/ s]cf] b]vfOt 5n}s . /fIf;L d[To' ;es]
d/o; klxglx Psfsf/ s b]g] 5n}s . xd gf/L;e cf]lx prsf
wQfk/ 7f9 e ckg Xbod] If'b| k|]d ;d]6g] ckg k|f0fwf/;es]
vf]hs Joy{ k|oTg s /xln 5nx' . bf];/bf];/ b]z;ed] ;]xf]
xd/];e ;g cg]sg\ gf/L;e /0fIf]qs] b]vo; c;dy{ xf]Otf] Plx
lbzfd] z"Go b[li6o] tfls /xln 5ln xf]Olt ckgckg nf]ss]
vf]hs k|of; s/}lt
kf08j kIfLo ;]gf;e k5jf/L sft k+lQma4 7f9 5n .
a''emfOt 5n}s h]gf /flto] el/d] ljzfn dfgj hn hgldso
stx'; cfla u]n xf]Os . k""a; pu}t ;""o{s ls/0f ;f]em] kf08j kIfLo
;]gfk/ k8}t 5n}s . ;ft cIff}lx0fL ;]gf n s dxf/yL b|'kb,
lj/f6, w[i6B'Dg, lzv08L, ;fTols, r]lstfg eLd;]gs kf5f
o'4sf}zns ljleGg ?k tyf /0fgLlts cfsf/k|sf/d] ;l7t e s
7f9 5n . aLraLrd] cf]to eLif0f xnrn e hfOt 5n}s . ;e
pQ]lht e hfOt 5n . rx'lbl; z cf b''Gb''les t'd'n Wjlg k;l/
hfOt 5n}s . nfuo nu}t 5n h]gf /y, k}bn, cf xfyL; e/n
eo/ ;]gf ptfx'n t/; JofKt dxf;fu/s ;dfg If''Aw e u]n
xf]o .
/0fx]t' Jofs'n kf08j cf kf08js lj/f6 ;]gf tLa|tf;
PDx/cf]Dx/ s /xn 5n . s]cf] /yk/, s]cf] xfyLk/ t s]cf]
3f]8fk/ cf?9 e /xn 5n . st]ss] xd/f;e sjr aGx}t
b]vlnP]ls . ;]gfs cfufcfuf g]t[Tj s /xn 5nfx eLd;]g,
sjrwf/L dfb|Ls'df/ gs'n tyf ;xb]j ;''eb|f|s'df/, w[i6B'Dg tyf
kf~rfn b]zLo IfqLo;e . ;e; cfuf eLd] 5nly .
o'4:yns x]t' aLrd] vfnL d}bfg 5n . b''of]{wg cf]lx
d}bfgs aLrd] ckg kIflb; PDx/cf]Dx/ bf}u}t cToGt rkntf;

45

lg/LIf0f s/}t ;elbl; kx'rs sf]lzz s /xn 5nfx . s[kfrfo{,

b|f]0ffrfo{, cZjTyfdf, l;Gw'/fh, hob|y, sDaf]h/fh, ;'blIf0f,
s[tjdf{, s0f{, e"l/>jf, zs'lg cflb ckgckg cIff}lx0fLs ;+ulx
g]t[Tjs d'b|fd] t}of/ /xly . Psuf]6 a8sf /yk/ kfsn s]z cf
bf9Ls sf/0f] pHh/ b]vfOt a"9 eLid ;]xf] /xly hlgsf xd/fnf]slg
ckg lktfdx slxclGx . xfo eLid O{ sL s /xn 5L < d/o
a]/d]] b''of]{wgs c9f}tLk/ O{ sf]g s's[Tosn]]n cxf a'9f/Ld] /0fe"ldd]
cfon 5L < xfo, lktfdx, x] cfb/0fLo a[4 u'?hg xfo
xfo, kf~rfn s'df/L b|f}kbL cf] ckg k~r klts] /0fe"ldd]
ls5' b"/wl/ cl8cflt bf;bf;L;e; 3]/ln pkKnNo gu/lbl; hf
/xln 5nLx . xfo, gf/L xfo cxfs k|ltzf]w cf k|ltlx+;fs efjgfs
cGwj]u cxfs ckg :jfefljs gf/LTjs Xbos] glx hflg sto emflk
tf]lk b]g] cl5 .
xd ;e gf/L;e ckg l:ylts] ;x]hlt Psa]/ Psbf];/s]
Plx If0fd] b]vnx' . afhon]n t ls5' 5n glx, dfq Xbos sf]Gxd]
sf]+rn qf;k"0f{ plUgtf ;es z"Go cflvk/ 5f8n 5n}s u'kmfs
cGxf/d] g'sfon eoq:t c;xfo kz's rds}t bLg cflv hsf .
tvglx+ crfgs eo/ 3f]if;lxt Pslxa]/ c;+Vo z;e
lggfb s p7n . w"tx", e]/L;e, uh/fhs lrU3f/ hsf 3f]if s/}t
afho nfun . guf8f u8so nun}s cf === k[YjL nfvf}+ hgs07;
lgs;n ho Wjlgs :j/; cfa kmf6t ta kmf6t s/o nfun .
rf?e/ cToGt 8/fcf]g cfjfhs ;d|fHo e u]n}s . nu}s h]gf
;x:q ah| Pslx+ a]/ vl; k8n xf]o cf k[YjLk/ eo+s/ la:kmf]6 e
u]n xf]Os . dfos sf]/d] ;6n g]gfe'6sf;es bd 8/; km'no
nun}s cf cf];e dfo dfo s/}t lrlrof p7n . xd/ ;vL
ldltg;e ljlIfKt e ckg s]zs] l5l8ofl5l8ofso gf]r}lt PDx/
cf]Dx/ bf}uo nfuln . === s]z t s]cf] cfO{ aGxglx+ glx 5ln . ss/f]
dfyd] vf]kf glx 5n}s . ckgfs] s]cf] ;hf]g] glx 5ln
xd/ dlt x]/f u]n . r]tgf z"Go e u]nx' . 7]x'g /f]lk
dfyk/ xfy b s gs{s 6nknfOt b[Zo hsf cf]lx c:ki6 s'?If]qs]
Ps6s lgxfl/ /xln 5nx' . cf]xLd] stx' Psuf]6 cZjf/f]xL ;]xf] xPt
h] xd/ s/]hs]/ d"n cl5 . x] k/dfTdf, cf]s/ /Iff s?, /Iff s?

46

tTIf0f k5jf/Lsft k+lQma4 kf08j ;]gf; Psuf]6

Hjfnfdfnf; o'Qm /y ;""o{s ls/0fd] clUg ;dfg rds}t klxg] gx'c];
cfuf ax/fon cf tLa| ultd] k""albl; al9 u]n . cf]lxd] ;os8f}+
306L;e nfun 5n}s h] 6'g6'g s/}t aflh /xn 5n}s . cf]lxd]
hf]tn Zj]t 3f]8f;e cf]s/lx+ tfnd]] ly/s}t cfuf al9/xn 5n .
/ys kfZj{d] gdx/ b08Ld] slks cfsf/s clt Wjhf cf]lx
leg;''/sf k'/al/ofd] km/km/f /xn 5n}s . /ys nufd ks8g] ;f/yL
ckg cf;gk/ a};n hflx lglZrGttf; d:t e /ys] xfls /xn 5n
tflx; t nu}t 5n}s h]gf cf] /y /0fs x]t' glx cfdf]bk|df]b cf
ljxf/s jf:t] hf]tn u]n xf]o . xd/ Psuf]6 ldltg cf]Dx/ cfu'/
b]va}lt afhln b]vxL t, ;f/yLs cf;gk/ a};n sGx}of cl5 .
=== cf] sGx}o] t cl5
;fr] cf]s/ Zofd j0f{ x;d'v cg'xf/, aLraLrd] rds}t
bft ;""o{s k|sfz; a]/a]/ pb\efl;t xf]Ot 5n}s . dfyk/ do"/s
/lj/L kflvs d's'6, p3f/ z/L/, 8f8; gLrf kLtfDa/ j:q wf/0f
sPg] cf] ;'Gb/ k'?if lgM;Gb]x s[i0f] /xly . xfyd] uf08Lj ks8g] cf
af0f wPg] /yd] cf?9 /xlyGx /yklt ch'{g ch'{gs]/ pHHjn
sflGtdo d''x ;""o{s k|sfzd] rdls /xn 5nlGx .
knel/d] /y ;d/s kf|0fs dWod] kx'lr u]n, s[i0f hf]8;
/fl; lvrnlGx . 3f]8f;e ;f]emlx+ 7dls s 7f9 e u]n}s .
cs:dft\ ;e ls5' aGg e u]n . If0fel/d] ;Dk""0f{ sf]nfxn
?ls u]n . z km'sa aGg e u]n, e]/L tyf w"tx"s cfjfh yld
u]n}s . s'b}tkmfg}t c;+Vo ;}lgs;e d"lt{jt ckgckg :yfgk/
lgMzAb 7f9 e u]n . k'/al/of a;ftf] 7d}s u]n}s, ;Dk"0f{ r/fr/
lg:tAw e u]n . zflGt Pxg h] zdLs uf5; e"ldk/ v;}t kfts
cfjfh ;]xf] :ki6 ;'gfo nfun .
sg]s sfns afb ch'{gs s07; jflikt cft{ jf0fL lgs;n
x] dw';'bg xd/f;dIf o'4x]t' pkl:yt :jhgs Plx ;d'bfos]
dfl/ ljho k|fKt s/s xd/f sf]gf] cfs+fIFF glx cl5 . === xd/f g] t
/fHo rfxL cf g] Plx; k|fKt sf]gf] ;'v
cf] sxnlvGx x] hgfb{g, O{;e hf}+ xd/f df/x' rfx}t
5ly t dfl/ b]y' xd/ uf08Lj d'bf lxgsf;ek/ glx p7t . tLgx'
nf]ss /fh e]6oanf xPt t}of] xd lxgsf;es] dfl/ cf]s/f k|fKt

47

glx s/o rfxa . === tvg O{ xl:tgfk'/ sL cl5 h] xd Pxg

g/xTofd] nfu" <
o'4 glx s/s lg0f{o s/}t ch'{g ckg uf08Ljs] gLrf km]ls
b]nlvGx . ef]/s cf]lx lg:tAwtfd] ch'{gs dfgjXbo cfcf]/ jf0fL
;etl/ u'lh p7n . xd ub\ub\ e u]nx' . Xbo b|ljt e u]n
cflv; ;Gtf]ifs gf]/ v;o nfun .
d'bf tvglx s[i0fs O{Zj/Lo jf0fL b"/; ;d'b|s uh{g hsf
;Dk""0f{ zflGts] e s/}t ;'gfo nfun . cf] sx}t /xlyGx x] kfy{,
tf]]/f df]x cfqmfGt s g]g] 5x . ckg uf08Lj p7fax cf o'4d] /t
e hfx ljhoL xPax t k[YjLs ef]u s/ax sy+ sbflrt\ df/n
hoax t :ju{s ef]u k|fKt xPtx .
d'bf ch'{gs dfgjXbo glx dfgnslGx . dfy em6ls s
cf] s[i0fs pkb]zs] cdfGo s b]nlGx . === sL ;fr] cfO{ s'?If]qd]
dfgjtf b}jTjk/ ljho k|fKt s n]t < sL cfO{ 7Ls] ch'{g O{Zj/s]
Toflu dfgjtfs j/0f s/on]n sl6a4 e hotfx <
s[i0f cg]sg\ ts{ /vnlGx . bz{gs k"0f{ JofVof sonlGx .
xd ;"o{s'08 ufds cf]lx prsf wQfk/ 7f9 e uLtfs PsPs jrg
:jo+ >Ls[i0fs d'x; ;'lg /xln 5nx' . k|efts]/ zfGt jftfj/0fd]
>Ls[i0fs cf]h\k"0f{ ;'/n jf0fL lagf sf]gf] plUgtfs] xd/f sfgd] kl8
/xn 5n . ch'{g dfgj Xbos]/ Joyf; Jolyt /xly cf] a]/a]/
s?0ffb| e lzlyn e hfly . dg'vs ;e gUg u'0f s?0ff,
;Xbotf, :g]x, k|]d, :jhftLotf, sf}6'lDastf, d}qL, bof,
;es]/ cf]lx lbg ch'{g ;fsf/ ?k /xly cf]Dx/ s[i0f cg'lUg,
zfGt, lgZrn, cfTdlge{/ Pjd\ b[9 e lg/Gt/ Znf]sk/ Znf]s sx}t
pkb]z b}t] /lx u]nlvGx . cf] ch'{gs] a'ema}t sxnlvGx x]
sf}Gt]o, cxfs] lg:k[x cf cgf;St e ckg st{Jo s/s rfxL .
lgisfd sd{ sonf; kfk glx xf]Ot 5}s . ckg b'Zdg;es] l:ytk|1
e gfz s?
x] s[i0f O{ s]xg lgd{d pkb]z cl5 cxfs]/ < dg'v ckg
5f]65Lg cfzf cfsf+Iff; rflnt k|f0fL cl5 . Ps/ Ifl0fs hLjgd]
k|0fos]/ jf; 5}s lk|os ;+u Pslx If0f lsPs g] xf]O ;6s nf]e,
k'qs] r'ds nfn;f, ldqtfs cfbfgk|bfgd] aGxn ;fVo hLjgd]
u/dfos cfs+fIff . === cxf g] :ju{s b]jtf s[i0f 5L :ju{s nf]s

48

ckg cd/Tjs sf/0f] lg:k[x e ;s}t cl5, cf]s/ Xbo s?0ffxLg

e ;s}t 5}s cf cf];e ckg cflvs gf]/ /f]ls ;s}t 5ly htP
d[To' glx 5}s cgGt hLjg 5}s ttP s]cf] lgisfd e ;s}t 5ly .
=== d'bf xd;e dg'v 5L . xfo sfns u|f;L xd/f;ed] O{ sxf;
;Dej xPt < x] s[i0f O{ s]xg st{Jos k|]/0ff cl5 cxfs, ckg]
;vfs] cxf o'4x]t' a]/a]/ ps;f /xn 5L sL dfgjhLjg d[To's]/
b'b{dgLo ;fwl;dfg; cf]lxgf 3]/fon ;s'lrt glx cl5 < cfO{ cxf
d[To's] c:jfefljs ?k] cfjfg s/}t cf]s/f km]/ st{Jos ;+1f lsPs
b /xn 5L < x] ch'{g, cxfs] ;Dk"0f{ dg'vgf/Ls]/ Xbo; cfzLif .
cxf lge{otfk"j{s b]jTj;DfIf dfgjLo ;To :yflkt s /xn 5L .
dg'vs clxgf k|ltgLlwTj s/}t /x" . ch'{g cxf c8n /x"
s[i0f cfuf a9nly x] k|tfkL ch'{g, cxf Pvg
c1fgtf; 3]/fon 5L . 1fgs rIf' p3fl/so b]v" PtP sxf s]cf]
ss/f] dfl/ /xn 5}s < cxfs z/L/ Psuf]6 kmf6nk'/fg nQf cl5 .
hs/f cxf d/a sx}t 5L cf] t jf:tjd] Ps/f km]/a dfqlx+ cl5 .
g] cxf d/a, g] ss/f] df/a}s cf g] PtP s]cf] d/t . dxfafxf], h]
cxf PtP b]lv /xn 5L cf] ;e ldYof lys}s .
sL jf:tjd] O{ ;e ls5' ldYof lys, e|d lys < Plx ljzfn
hg;d'b|d] x]/fon ckg lk|o klts] vf]h}t xd/ O{ cflv h] b]lv /xln
cl5 ;] ;e b[Zo dfof cf ldYof lys}s < Xbod] a;n ckg ue{s
:fGtfgs nfnnfn /;fon ;'Gg/ 7f]/s aLrd] /fvon]n pGd'v ckg
pWj{ :tgo'un sL jf:tjd] do]6fs n3' df+;lzv/ cl5 < ;d'b|s
ue{d] :jftLs a[li6laGb's nfn;fs sf/0f] v'n}t aGb xf]Ot l;kL
;Dk'6 hsf ;Gtfgs tLa| sfdgfd] :klGbt xd/ dft[ue{ ;]xf] ldYo]
cl5 < x] s]zj, :ju{s pRrtfd] a};n xPafs sf/0f] cxfs] gLrfs
sL6do d[To'nf]sd] xd/f;es] b]lv nu}t xPt h] dfgjhLjg
ldYofjt Pjd\ ck|f;ls 5}s . xdx';e r'Ls] hvg b]v}t l5P]s t
clxgf nu}t cl5 . d'bf xd/f;es hLjg xd/f;en]n sydlk
ck|f;ls glx cl5 . s]xgf] ts{ cyjf pRr bz{gs sf]gf] hf]/
hLjgs Plx ;'vb'vs], d/0fs]/ ;Totfs], Plx 7f]; 3]/fs] ldYofd]
kl/0ft glx s ;s}t cl5, x] d'/f/]
ch'{gs] dfgj cj:yf; ljrlnt glx xf]Ot b]lv s[i0f cfuf
slxt] u]nlvGx . lg:kGb cfsfzd] x'gs/ uDeL/ jf0fL t/lt xf]Ot

49

/xn . pr kxf8s lzv/f]; pk/; emx/}t ca}t Wjlg hsf x'gs/

zAb;e xd/f] sfgd] k8}t /xn . s[i0f sx}t u]nfx xd k/da|d
k/d]Zj/ 5L xd/fk/ k"/f ljZjf; cf cf:yf /fv" . xd h] sx}t 5L
;Px s? . xd cfbz{ 5L cxfs, cxfs k|fy{gfs x]t' 5L, xdxL+
cxfs nIo 5L
ch'{gs dfgjLo q'l6;ek/ a]/a]/ k|xf/ s/}t clxgf s[i0f
x'gsf lzlyn aga}t u]nfx . el/ pv/f s[i0fs lg/lUg s07 Wjlg
lg/Gt/ rf?e/ u'~h}t /xn . cf]]lx lbg s'?If]qd] k|no z'? xf]do;
g/;+xf/ dro; 7Ls klxg]wl/ s[i0fs c7f/x cWofoL uLtfs ;Dk"0f{
kf/fo0f e]n .
a]rf/f Psuf]6 If'b| dfgj b]jtfs ?b| t]hs cfuf st]s
sfnwl/ c8o ;s}t < svgts l6so ;s}t < === ch'{gs dfgj
cfu|x l9lncfOt u]n}s . wL/]wL/] ch'{g; dfgjtf lgs}n u]n}s cf
vfnL :yfgd] cf]s/ abnfd] gx'Pgx'P b]jTj ;lGxcfOt rln u]n}s .
cGtd] s[i0f ch'{gs] d'x afla ckg O{Zj/Lo k|df0f k|blz{t sonlGx .
ckg lj/f6 ?k b]vfso
ts/fafb cf] ch'{g ch'{g glx /lx u]nfx . cf] tfTsfn
O{Zj/f?9 oGq alg u]nfx . x'gsfk/ b]jtf ;jf/ e u]nlGx . x'gs/
b'x" alni7 e'hf sfko nfun . km]sn uf08Lj r6 p7f n]nlGx cf
tfsfn k|To~rf ;]xf] r9f n]nlGx . ===uLtfs c7f/x cWofo >j0f
sonfs kZrft\ dg'v dg'v glx /lx hfOt cl5 . dg'v O{Zj/f?9 e
hfOt cl5 cf t}+ ct'n zlQm; ljB'Gdo ;]xf] .
cs:dft\ /0fIf]qs lg:tAwtf km]/; e e u]n . z,
b'Gb'le cf e]/Lguf8fs lggfb tyf ;}lgs;es x'f/; s'?If]q
slDkt e u]n . km]/f] rf?e/; k|an a]u; jfo' axo nfun . laxfl/
cfla u]n}s . cfsfzd] 3guh{g xf]do nun}s . b}jL zlQm; ;DkGg
ch'{g pGdQ e s ckg uf08Lj; 6f/ s/}t o'4d] h'l6 u]nfx .
b"6f k+lQma4 kj{t >[nf ;;l/so h]gf cfsfzd] 6s/f u]n xf]o
tlxgf eLif0f uh{g s/}t b'x" ;]gf ;d/d] lel8 u]n}s . dfq ch'{g]6fd]
b]jtf glx r9n /x}s . uLtfs pkb]z sf]gf] s[i0f ch'{g]6fs]] ;'gf]g]
/xlyGx < x'gs] d'x; s'?If]qs ;Dk"0f{ ;}lgs ;]xf] uLtfs pkb]z ;'lg
k"0f{?k]0f pGdflbt e u]n 5n . === dfgj clxgf O{Zj/Lo zlQm nu

50

w/ v;f k/flht e hfOt cl5 . pGdflbt e s cf Psuf]6

nIok|lt wfljt e s
o'4s eL8Gt z''? e u]n . Ps glx b" glx ===c7f/x lbg
ts cgj/t d[To's oGq x8x8fOt rn}t /xn . sr ==sr ==sr
==sr dg'vs c;+Vo dg'vs, sr ==sr ==sr ==sr sf]dn ub{lg
dfy s6fOt /xn}s, s6fOt /xn}s . t'd'n o'43f]if xf]Ot 5n cf
;x:qf}+ ;x:q of]4f;es sr/daw e hfOt 5n}s . O{Zj/f?9 e]n
;x:qf}+s s07s /0fx''f/; Hjfnfd'vLs la:kmf]6 hsf xf]Ot efg xf]Ot
5n}s . d'bf k|To]s dg'v ckgckg a]6f aGw''afGwjs awk/ uxL+/
lgZjf; cj:;] 5f]8}t 5n ckg PsfGts lghL p5\jf; sr b
dfy sl6so k[YjLk/ vl;tf] k|To]s sjGw Psa]/ ckgckg kP/k/
sx'gf s 7f9 e gflrso rf?lb; b]lv n}t 5n cf km]/ k5l8 s
vl; k8}t 5n . === glx hflg :ju{s sf]g sf]Gxd] e'vfon b]jtf
a};n 5nly hlgs/ If'wf Ptaf]k/ glx d]6f /xn 5nlGx, sL hfg"' h]
sf]g cf s]xg lkcf; /xlGx h] sx'gf s t[Kt glx e /xn 5nlGx
=== g/d'08k/ g/d'08 r9}t u]nlGx x'gsf;ek/, b]jtf;es ;d'v
dg'vs d/s lxdfno kxf8 7f9 e u]nlGx, ;f]lgts]/ /lQmd uf
axo nfun d'bf t}of] x'gs/;es e"v cf cf] lkcf; glx d]6fon .
c7f/x lbgts O{ dxfef/t dr}t /xn . cGttM d[To's oGq yDxn,
5]lbt xf]don]n tvgts sf]gf] u|Ljf afsLo] sxf /lx u]n 5n}s <
cf]lx o'4d] dfq ;ft uf]6] afsL /xnfx . nfvf]+ k'?if df/n u]n .
k[YjLk/; k'?if z"Go e u]n . a; vfnL ljwjf gf/L;e clx n]fsd]
afron]n /lx u]ln === ;gsln === ckg 5ftL; c;xfo ckgckg
afn ;Gtfg;es] ;6f]g] .
s'?If]q nfvf}+ d[t z/L/; e/n 5n, rf?e/ d'b]{d'bf{ 5n}s .
cfa s'?If]q Zjfg, >[fn, lu4 tyf ljleGg df+;eIfL kz'kIfL;es
cdnsf/L lqm8f cf l5gfemk6Ls s]Gb| e u]n 5n . b''u{Gw; el/
u]n 5n}s .
xd ljwjf e u]nx' . xd/f;g nfvf}+ gf/L j}wJos lzsf/
e]ln . ljwjf d/ln gf/L cl5 hs/ b]x sfnfGt/d] ulnso ;dfKt
e hfOt 5}s . s'?If]qs cf]lx d'bf{s kxf8k/ stx' xd/f] klts zj
5n xPt gl9ofs's'/;e l3r}t, gf]r}t, cf l3l;ca}t 5n xPt}s .
glx hflg sto l3l;cffso kx'rf b]g] xPt}s . d'bf{;es] rLn,

51

uL4;e cfsfzd] p7fp7f s stosto pQ/ef/tlbl; ljleGg

:yfg;ek/ p8fso n hf s l5l8of /xn 5n}s . === cf];e
xd/f;es k|]dL;es xd/f;es lk|o klt;es nfz 5n,
xd/f;e ljwjf;es === .
xd/ Psuf]6 d[To' t cf]xL lbg s'?If]qd] e u]n hlxof
xd/ klt df/n u]nfx . bf];/ d[To's x]t' ;]xf] xd/f a]zL lbg k|tLIff
glx s/o k8n . xd/f df]g glx k8}o xd slxof d/nx', sf]g lbg
xd/ dfgjb]x lj;lh{t e]n . d'bf xd/f;g cgGt nfvf}+ nfv c;+Vo
gf/L;es k]|tfTdf cvgf] ckg j}wJo n s rf}bxf] e'jgd] af}cf
/xln cl5 . ckgckg k|]dLs] vf]lh /xln cl5
tlxof; === o''ud\o'u; ckg k|f0fgfys z/L/ htP v;n
/x}s ttlx a};ln 5L . cgGt sfnwl/ xd Ptlx a};ln /xa, cxL
kf]vl/s sftd] k8ln /xa . cxL :yfgs] xd/ lk|o xd/ k|]dL ckg
z/L/; clGtd a]/ ;kz{ sonlGx . t}+ xd/fn]n O{ yfg lk|o cl5 .
xd/f;e nfvf}+ gf/L, dxfef/ts o'4d] ljwjf e]n;e, o''uo''u; cf]lx
:yfg;ek/ k|tLIff s /xln 5L . ckg d/n k|]dL;es af6 b]lv
/xln 5L . cf]s/];es x]t' === .
af}cf, x]cf} af}cf === ;'lt /xnx' === lv:;f vtd e
u]n . === af}cf af}cf === == gLs hsf ;'t' ===
glx hflg svg xd lgGg kl8 u]nx' . ktf glx svg;
df]lbcfOgs Ps;'/s s07Wjlg xd/f sfgd] k8gfO{ aGg e u]n .
cf km]/ xd d:t :jKgxLg lgb|fd] ;dflxt e u]nx' .
Pslx+ a]/ Psbd ef]/], sg]s cGxf/]d] ld;/hL xd/f
lemsemf]l/ s p7f]nlGx p7", p7"" ef]/] rfl/ ah]s uf8L ks8o
k8t . === cvg] 3/ 3'/o k8t . af}cf, p7"" ===
cflv ld8}t p7nx' . lgGg glx k'8n 5n . 7]xL ;]xf]
Pvgwl/ glx pt/n /xo tyflk ld;/hLs xfy ksl8so xd
:6]zglbl; ljbf e]nx' . cvgf] /flt ax't afsLo] /x}s . ca}t sfn
eLt/ sf]7/Ld] ;'tln df]lbcfOgs] ;'gfso ld;/hL sxg] /xlyGx
df]lbcfOg, xd;e hfOt 5L .
eLt/]; df]lbcfOg afhln /xo 7Ls 5}s . === af}cf,
al9of; hfoa . === ld;/hL ax/sf hfkm/L nuf b]a}s
df]bLs] Psa]/ km]/ vf]+vL z''? e u]n}s .

52


df]lbcfOgs bf]sfg; lgslnt] b]vnx' h] x8fxf kf]vl/d]
Psuf]6] gxfso uLtf kf7 s/}t hf /xn cl5 .
g}g+ l5GblGt z:qfl0f, g}g+ bxlt kfjsM
gr}j+ Sn]boGTokf] g zf]ifolt df?tM .
:6]zgk/ xd cf}+3fon] kx'rnx' . sx'gf s uf8Ld] r9nx' ;]
xd/f df]g cl5 . d'bf l8AAffd] a}l;t] cf}+3fso xd km]/ lgGg kl8 u]n
5nx' . cf glx hflg sLsL ;kgfo nfun 5nx' === cy{ g] jy{s]/
=== syLsyL, sLsxfbf]g svgf] Psbd rds}t ;""o{ b]vfOt 5n
t svgf] df]lbcfOg cfuf rln ca}lt 5ln . svgf] sfn a8sf
a8sf 8/fcf]g lu4;e cfsfzd] d88fOt b]v}t 5nx' . === svgf]
h]gf df5 a]r}t dnflxg cfla hfo t svgf] n8fO{+ ===
sr==sr==sr . Plx ;es aLrd] xd/f b"/ cfsfz; Pslx6f :j/
;'gfO{ k8o af}cf, a8sf aga, slxof] jL/ ags k|oTg glx
s/a . gLsnf]s aga, gLs === al9of
hvg /]n hogu/ kx'rn}s t al9of /f}b plu u]n 5n}s .
/]n; ptl/t] cc b'vfo nfun . bl8ef ofqfs 7]xL r9n] 5n .
lgGg ;]xf] glx k'/n 5n t}+ df]g ef/L cf cl:y/ 5n .
cfg kx'rnx' t ;e xd/f 3]l/ n]nly cf k'5nly sL
;e b]vnx, bl8efd] <
xd sxlnP]s df]lbcfOg
;e s]cf] 77fso xl; b]nly . zfob x'gsf;es] xd sf]gf]
7fs j:t' ;'gf b]g] /lxolGx .
;'Gb/Lhn aGbLu[x
@*, @(, #) hgj/L !(^$
df3 !%,!^,!& @)@)

53

54

ljZj]Zj/ k|;fb sf]O/fnfs hGd * l;tDa/, !(!$ cyf{t

la=;+= !(&@, efb| @$ ut] . 5l7xf/s gfd r"8fdl0f xf]Otf]
sfzLd] hgdn 5nfx t}+ sfzLs cflbb]js k|;fbs ?kd]
lxgs kfl/jfl/s gfd ljZj]Zj/ k|;fb sf]O/fnf /fvn
u]nlGx . rfl/o] aif{s pd]/d] ckg lktfhLs ;+u] z/0ffyL{s ?kd] ljb]zd]
lgjf{l;t /xox]t' afWo xf]do k8nlGx .
n]vg gjd\ sIffs 5fqhLjg]; z''? sonlGx . tlxofs n]vflb
d'Vo ?k; lxGbLd] xf]Ot 5nlGx . k|l;4 ;dfnf]rs zflGtlk|o lj]bL tyf
lxGbLs d"w{Go pkGof;sf/ k|]drGbs dfu{bz{gd] n]vg k|f/De sog] 5nfx .
cf]lx ;dos]/ n3'syf;e k|]drGbf/f ;Dkflbt dfl;s x+;d] k|sflzt e]n
5lGx . g]kfnLd] lxgs/ klxn syf rGb|jbg slj l;l4r/0f >]i7s
;Dkfbgd] sf7df08"; k|sflzt dfl;s klqsf zf/bfd] lgs;n 5n .
dgf]ljZn]if0ffTds k[i7e"ldd] lnvn syf;e syf s';'d cf @))^
;fnd] bf]ifL rZdf ;+u|xs k|sfzg g]kfnL syf ;flxTod] lxgsf
o''uk|jt{ss ?kd] k|:t't sonslGx . d'VotM r]vj, df]kf;f, 6fN;6fo, uf]sL{,
jgf{8{ zf lxgs/ kl;Gg /xlyGx cf g]kfnLd] b]jsf]6f cf ;d .
@)!& ;fn k''if ! ut]s afb cf7 aif{s h]nhLjgd] kfr6f
pkGof;, Psuf]6 syf;+u|x, Ps6f sljtf;+u|x, ls5'gf6s cf hLjgLs
#%) k[i7 lnvnlGx . kfruf]6 pkGof;, ls5' sljtf, cf b"uf]6 syf;+u|x
k|sflzt e]n cl5 . df]lbcfOg x'gs/ Psuf]6 ckg] lsl;ds n3' pkGof;
5lGx .
sf]O/fnfhL sxlyGx jf:tjd] xd ckgfs] ;flxlTos glx
a''em}}t 5L . xd/ If]q t /fhgLlts lys . /fhgLltd] xd Psuf]6
cGtk{|]/0ff; nunx' cf ;flxTod] Ps/ 7Ls ljkl/t . snfs] ;'/Iff glx
rfxL, Ps/f :jtGqtf rfxL . Ps/f rnn af6k/ km]/; ko/ /fvs df]g
glx xf]Ot 5}s . ckg /:tf ckg] agfao rfx}t cl5 . O{ ef}lts t[lKt glx
b}jL c;Gtf]if ckga}t cl5 . km|fo8s l;4fGts] xd dfg}t 5L d'bf cvg
cx"; al9so xd cfO{ g}ltstf (morality) s] dfg}t 5L .
?kfGt/sf/ a[if]z rGb| nfns hGd !(%% O{= @( dfr{ .
lxgs 5l7xf/s gfd ljZj]Zj/ 5lGx, cf 5lyof]
ljZj]Zj/ k|;fb sf]O/fnfs k|lta4 /fhgLlts cg'ofoL
cf g]kfns k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngs ;lqmo of]4f . g]kfnL
/fhgLltk/ a/f]al/ lnv}t /x}t 5ly . k|:t't ?kfGt/0fs
cnfjf d}lynLd] lxgs cfGbf]ng sljtf ;+u|x k|sflzt cl5 .

55