SRAL XD System Technical Description

ITP MWR Product Management
SRAL XD
System Technical Description
CODE: TD-040203-1
ISSUE/UPDATE: 5 October 2006
VERSION 12.0
SOURCE: COO IPT MWR PM

INDEX
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................0
1.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................ 0
1.2. Related Documents........................................................................................................... 0
1.3. Revision Information ......................................................................................................... 0
2. System Overview ..........................................................................................................................0
2.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 0
2.2. Indoor Unit......................................................................................................................... 0
2.2.1. IDU Plug-in ................................................................................................................ 0
2.2.2. IDU SingleBoard2...................................................................................................... 0
2.2.3. Outdoor Access Unit ................................................................................................. 0
2.3. Outdoor Unit...................................................................................................................... 0
2.3.1. Normal Density ODU................................................................................................. 0
2.3.2. High Density / High Performance ODU ..................................................................... 0
2.3.3. High Density enhanced ODU .................................................................................... 0
2.4. Configurations ................................................................................................................... 0
2.4.1. Unprotected terminal ................................................................................................. 0
2.4.2 Protected terminal ......................................................................................................... 0
2.4.3 Add-Drop/Repeater ....................................................................................................... 0
2.4.4 2x(1+0) .......................................................................................................................... 0
2.4.5 Ring ............................................................................................................................... 0
2.5 Installation ......................................................................................................................... 0
3. System Description ......................................................................................................................0
3.1. IDU Plug-In........................................................................................................................ 0
3.1.1. Access Card .............................................................................................................. 0
3.1.2. Controller................................................................................................................... 0
3.1.3. BaseBand.................................................................................................................. 0
3.2. IDU SingleBoard2 ............................................................................................................. 0
3.3. Outdoor Access Unit ......................................................................................................... 0
3.4. Outdoor Unit...................................................................................................................... 0
3.4.1. ODU ND .................................................................................................................... 0
3.4.2. ODU HD/HP .............................................................................................................. 0
3.4.3. ODU HDe .................................................................................................................. 0
3.5. Frequency Setting ............................................................................................................. 0
3.6. Output Power .................................................................................................................... 0
3.6.1. Coupling loss............................................................................................................. 0
3.7. Radiating System .............................................................................................................. 0
4. Cross Connect Functionality.......................................................................................................0
4.1. Cross Connection Matrix on IDU PI 16xE1 ....................................................................... 0
4.2. Cross Connection Matrix on IDU Plug-in 32xE1 ............................................................... 0
4.3. Preservation of the cross-connection matrix ..................................................................... 0
5. Ethernet functionalities ...............................................................................................................0
5.1. Switching........................................................................................................................... 0
5.1.1. Filtering...................................................................................................................... 0
5.1.2. Forwarding ................................................................................................................ 0
5.2. Scheduling ........................................................................................................................ 0

6. Management ................................................................................................................................0
6.1. DCN .................................................................................................................................. 0
7 Network Management System.....................................................................................................0
7.1 Security ............................................................................................................................. 0
7.1.1 Access Security............................................................................................................. 0
7.1.2 Protocol ports security................................................................................................... 0
7.1.3 Same Admin password for FTP/TELNET/TNMP .......................................................... 0
7.1.4 SSH on FTP / Telnet session ........................................................................................ 0
7.1.5 Accounting log............................................................................................................... 0
7.2 Configuration management:.............................................................................................. 0
7.3 Commissioning Facilities:.................................................................................................. 0
7.3.1 Long period performance monitoring recording ............................................................ 0
7.3.2 Time switched forcing.................................................................................................... 0
7.3.3 Local History Log........................................................................................................... 0
7.3.4 Measurement ................................................................................................................ 0
7.3.5 Performance Monitoring ................................................................................................ 0
7.4 Fault management: ........................................................................................................... 0
7.5 Maintenance...................................................................................................................... 0
7.6 SNTP Support ................................................................................................................... 0
7.7 NAPT on F interface.......................................................................................................... 0
7.8 OSPF ................................................................................................................................ 0
8 Software Download......................................................................................................................0
9 Engineering Order Wire..............................................................................................................0
10 VoIP.........................................................................................................................................0
11 Alarm converter.......................................................................................................................0
1. Introduction
1.1. Scope
Scope of this document is to give an overview of SRAL XD product family focusing on architectural
aspect and main features.
1.2. Related Documents
In order to have a complete description of the performance of the equipment refer to SRAL XD
System Technical Specification (TS-310706-1)
For a complete description of the available features for each Software Version Release refer to the
latest version of Customer Feature List and Customer Release Note
1.3. Revision Information

The here listed configuration and feature are related to the last SVR released according.
Issue Date Author Notes

1.0 February 2004 F. Tammaro First Issue
2.0 March 2004 F. Tammaro Second Issue
3.0 March 2004 F. Tammaro Third Issue
Update: Ethernet
4.0 August 2004 F. Tammaro Version
Update: 32xE1
version and E3
5.0 November 2004 D. Cattelan version
6.0 January 2005 D. Cattelan Update
7.0 April 2005 D. Cattelan Update
Update: new values
8.0 May 2005 D. Cattelan ODU HDe
Update: Outdoor
9.0 June 2005 F.Tammaro Access Unit
10.0 August 2005 F.Tammaro Update
Update up to SVR
11.0 August 2006 F.Tammaro 3.7
V. Colaleo/D.
11.1 August 2006 Cattelan Revision
Update to SVR 3.8
V. Colaleo/D. and IDU SB2
12.0 October 2006 Cattelan insertion
2. System Overview
2.1. Introduction
SRAL XD is a PDH MW equipment able to transmit a traffic load from 2xE1 to 32xE1 in the
frequency bands 7- 38 GHz according to ETSI radio channel arrangements.
The equipment adopts a split configuration composed of one Indoor Unit connected to one
or two Outdoor Units, by means of a coaxial cable.
The ODU is directly connected to the rear of antenna by means of four retaining latches
without using any waveguide.
The IDU (Indoor Unit) provides traffic and auxiliary channels interfaces and performs
baseband and control processing independently from operating frequency.
The ODU (Outdoor Unit) performs the Mo-Demodulation and houses the RF Tx/Rx unit.
It is independent from traffic capacity.
The following system configurations are available:
• (1+0) unprotected terminal

• 2x(1+0) unprotected terminal
• Add-Drop / Repeater
• Ring
• (1+1) hot stand-by protected terminal
• (1+1) Frequency Diversity protected terminal
• (1+1) Polarization Diversity protected terminal
2.2. Indoor Unit
The indoor unit provides the tributaries input and output interfaces as well as interfaces for
service channels, network maintenance facilities, alarms and connection to the power
supply.
The Indoor Unit performs baseband processing, scrambler/descrambler and FEC
functionalities.
The IDU also equips the Switching logic offering protection against multipath fading and
hardware failure.
The unit adopts a 1U high case that can be mounted in a 19” or 600 mm rack. All the
connectors for the traffic, service channels and maintenance operation are in the front of
the equipment.
Three different IDU versions are available
Plug-In
Single Board2
Outdoor Access Unit
IDU Plug-in
IDU SingleBoard2
Outdoor Access Unit

2.2.1. IDU Plug-in
The Plug-In version has been designed to provide a full set of configurations:
• (1+0)
• 2x(1+0) unprotected terminal
• Add-Drop / Repeater
• Ring
• (1+1) hot stand-by protected terminal
• (1+1) Frequency/Polarization Diversity protected terminal
The IDU adopts a modular architecture composed of four cards housed in a 1U high shelf:
• Access Card : 16xE1, 32xE1, 1xE3+E1, 4x10/100BaseT + 8xE1

• Controller Card
• Base Band 1: 16xE1 (to be used with 16xE1 Access Card and
4x10/100BaseT + 8xE1 Access Card)
• 32xE1 (to be used with 32xE1 Access Card)
• E3+E1 (to be used with 1xE3+E1 Access Card)
• Base Band 2 (Optional): same as Base Band 1
The listed configurations are related to the maximum hardware capacity: the wanted set of
features can be enabled by means of a user fee mechanism.
In the following figure the different cards are shown and the description of the relevant
interfaces is provided.
12 03 01
C C C O
ODU CABLE H H B D
s A B L U '
PS
SRAL XD CAUTION
Vbattery
Q-LAN V-LAN V-BUS
LCT T M C
E N / ODU CABLE
S / M H H B D
' A L '
T W J B U
P
S
CAUTION
Vbattery
10 11 09 04 02
2 Mbit/s I/O TRIBUTARIES 2 Mbit/s I/O TRIBUTARIES 9÷16

1÷8
or or or
34Mbit/s 2Mbit/s
LAN 1 LAN 2 LAN 3 LAN 4

2 Mbit/s I/O TRIBUTARIES 1-8
ALMs USER/Dext USER/Dext

I 0 ALMs
USER/Dext Dext
I 0 ALMs USER/Dext Dext
I 0
A A A A
06 07 08 06 07 08 06 07 08 06 07 08
B B B B
IDU Plugin: cards and interfaces

Ref Description Functions

POWER SUPPLY
A I/O POWER ON/OFF
01 PS PS 1ST BASE BAND
02 PS PS 2ND BASE BAND
IF
03 ODU CABLE 1ST IDU/ODU CONNECTION
04 ODU CABLE 2nd IDU/ODU CONNECTION
TRIBUTARY
05a 2MB/s I/O TRIB.s 1÷8
2Mb/s 75/120 Ohm
05b 2MB/s I/O TRIB.s 9÷16
2MB/s I/O TRIB.s 1÷8
05c 2Mb/s 75/120 Ohm
05d 34 Mbit/s 34 Mbit/s 75 Ohm
05f LAN1..LAN4 10/100 BaseT
ALARMS
06 ALARMS ALARMS
SERVICE
07 USER/Dext 1st 64 Kb/s V11 Data Channel
08 USER/Dext or Dext 2nd 64 Kb/s V11 Data Channel
05e 2Mb/s 2Mb/s 75 Ohm
SETTING
09 LCT F interface expansion for PC
B Back-up memory key
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
10 Q-LAN 10/100 BaseT
11 V-LAN 10 BaseT
12 VBUS 128 Kb/s Data Channel
Such architecture allows to upgrade an unprotected configuration, just adding in the same
shelf an additional base-band card which can be individually supplied.
In case of failure in a Protected configuration the BaseBand can be replaced without traffic
interruption.
In this version the Baseband Card also houses the Hitless Switch logic providing an error free
connection in case of fading.
2.2.2. IDU SingleBoard2
The SingleBoard2 IDU adopts a monolithic architecture, consisting in a single replacement

unit, tailored on a selected set of features. It is available in the following hardware versions:
• 8xE1 (1+0)
• 16xE1(1+0)
• 16xE1(1+1)Hsby
Ref Description Functions

POWER SUPPLY
A I/O POWER ON/OFF
01 PS POWER SUPPLY
IF
02 ODU CABLE 1ST IDU/ODU CONNECTION
03 ODU CABLE 2nd IDU/ODU CONNECTION
TRIBUTARY
04a 2MB/s I/O TRIB.s 1÷8
2Mb/s 75/120 Ohm
04b 2MB/s I/O TRIB.s 9÷16
ALARMS
05 ALARMS ALARMS
SERVICE
06 USER/Dext 1st 64 Kb/s V11 Data Channel
SETTING
07 LCT F interface expansion for PC
B Back-up memory key
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
08 Q-LAN 10/100 BaseT
09 V-LAN 10 BaseT
07 LCT F interworking-S channel
The listed configurations are related to the maximum hardware capacity: the wanted set of
features can be enabled by means of a user fee mechanism.
2.2.3. Outdoor Access Unit
The Outdoor Access Unit implements all access and baseband functions in a waterproof case
suitable for outdoor installation.
The mechanical structure of the OAU consists of a compact sealed box suitable for wall
mounting and pole mounting.
Suitable flanges are foreseen for the installation of the OAU into ETSI and/or 19” rack.
90
PC CONNECTION CONNECTOR
POWER SUPPLY
CONNECTOR
CONNECTION PANEL
GROUNDING POINT
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS
2.3. Outdoor Unit
The Outdoor Unit (ODU) is in charge of the following tasks:
1. IDU-ODU cable interface management (power supply and in/out base-band signals
interfacing);
2. Modulation of base-band digital signal received from the IDU;
3. Demodulation of received RF signal and delivery of recovered base-band signal to
IDU;
4. Supervision and configuration/management of the ODU;
5. Management of the communication channel from/to IDU CONTROLLER.
The Outdoor Unit adopts a Frequency Division Duplexing technique as showed in the
relevant ETSI recommendations. RF transmitter and Receiver frequencies can be set by
the user by means of SW command.
Any change of Tx (Rx) frequency automatically involves the change of Rx (Tx) frequency
according to the ODU shifter.
Three ODU versions are available:
2.3.1. Normal Density ODU

Provides a 4CPM modulation format for 2/4/8/16x2Mbps Traffic Capacity, with a channel
spacing of 3.5/7/14/28 MHz
2.3.2. High Density / High Performance ODU

Provides two different modulation formats selectable via software: 4 QAM or 16 TCM. The
4QAM modulation allows traffic capacity of 2/4/8/16x2Mbps with a channel spacing of
3.5/7/14/28 MHz.
The 16TCM modulation is provided for payload of 8/16x2Mbps with a channel spacing of
7/14 MHz.
The Modulation format can be chosen via SW.
2.3.3. High Density enhanced ODU

Provides two different modulation formats selectable via software: 4 QAM or 16 TCM.
The 4QAM modulation allows traffic capacity of 4/8/16x2Mbps with a channel spacing of
7/14/28 MHz. The 16TCM modulation is provided for payload of 8/16/32x2Mbps with a
channel spacing of 7/14/28 MHz.
(DOWN VIEW)
(SIDE VIEW)
290
269 164
238 15
5
232 140
(FRONT VIEW)
ODU HP/HD
(DOWN VIEW)
(SIDE VIEW)
281
(FRONT VIEW)
123
267 238
ODU ND and HDe

2.4. Configurations
2.4.1. Unprotected terminal
In this configuration the equipment consists of:
One ODU
One Antenna
One IDU
One coaxial cable for IDU-ODU interconnection
Tributaries
(1+0)
2.4.2 Protected terminal

The equipment consists of:
Two ODUs
One or two antennas
One IDU
One coaxial cable for each IDU-ODU interconnection
Following options are available for protected configuration:

Hot Stand-by
Frequency Diversity
Polarization Diversity
1+1 Hot Standby

This method offers protection against HW failures providing two independent TX/RX
chains.
In (1+1)HSby one transmitter is working, while the other one is in stand-by; both receivers
are active and the best ODU source is selected.
When an HW failure is detected the system actuates the hardware switch:
⇒ On IDU Plug-in, TX (BB+ODU) and RX chain (BB+ODU) are switched
independently according to the occurrence of the fault
⇒ On IDU Single Board2, both TX (BB+ODU) and RX chain (BB+ODU) are switched
at the same time
This switch cannot avoid “error bursts” during the protection switching, because it is a
hardware switch, controlled by alarm signals generated by already happened hardware
defects
Both ODUs are connected to a single antenna via a power splitter, balanced (3dB
symmetric loss) or un-balanced (stand-by channel loss ~ 10 dB, main channel loss ~ 1
dB).
Either remote or separate mounting is available.
Main
Hsby
Tributaries
(1+1)Hsby On Single Antenna
Alternatively, each ODU can be connected to an individual antenna.
Main
Tributaries
Hsby
(1+1)Hsby On Double Antennas

1+1 Frequency Diversity

This method offers protection against selective and temporary link quality degradation.
In (1+1) Frequency Diversity, both radio paths are active in parallel using different
frequencies; this method, based on memory buffer that guarantee the bit to bit alignment,
can offers error free protection against fading (via a hitless switch) up to 100dB/sec.
Both two antennas and single antenna (dual polarized) mounting arrangements are
available.
(1+1) Polarization Diversity adopts the same concepts of FD, but in this case the same RF
signal is transmitted on two different polarizations (H/V) by means of a single double
polarized antenna.
F1
Tributaries F2
(1+1)Frequency Diversity
2.4.3 Add-Drop/Repeater
Add/Drop-Repeater system type is characterized by two different radio directions each one
employs one ODU.
This system allows partially dropping and/or adding tributaries to the radio payload
(ADD/DROP mode) or to redirect the whole payload from one radio direction to another
one without any access tributary management (Repeater mode) This configuration is used
in the sites where local traffic is collected.
Tributaries
PassThrough
Localy AddDropped
AddDrop
2.4.4 2x(1+0)
This solution provides an equivalent two radios back-to-back configuration.
In this case the two directions are treated as separated ones but they are managed by just
one IDU
Tributaries W Tributaries E
2X(1+0)
2.4.5 Ring
RING system type (supported only by 32xE1units) is characterized by two different radio
directions and it employs two ODUs.
Its function is to perform a path protection (‘SNCP like’ mechanism): the payload is
transmitted towards the two opposite directions, but it is received from the best direction;
the choice of the receiving direction is based on AIS signal.
B
B’
A
Tributaries ’
Ring
For each E1 terminated on the Access side (A), there is a switch selecting the best of the
two signals coming from the two Base Band units; the transmitted signal is “duplicated” from
the Access side towards both the BB units. B and B’ may be different E1 lines on the two BB
units (for example, line 3 on BB1 and line 26 on BB2).
Each switch is independent from the other ones and switching takes places according to AIS
detection at E1 level; for each protected connection it is possible to set the switch in
automatic mode (switch based on path AIS detection) or to force the position on one of the
two sides by LCT/NMS.
In this way any physical interruption in a Network ring configuration can be bypassed.
2.5 Installation
Indoor unit fits in 19’’ racks and cabinets, as well as in ETSI cabinets or directly on a
desk/wall.
The interconnection between the outdoor unit and the indoor part is a single coaxial cable
carrying full duplex traffic, DC power supply, service traffic as well as operation and
maintenance data.
The ODU can be either mounted directly to the antenna or mounted separately and
connected by a flexible waveguide.
Two Outdoor units, in a protected (1+1) configuration, can be connected to a single
antenna using a power splitter.
In the following pictures, several installation alternatives regarding ODUs and
antennas are shown:
INTEGRATED ANTENNA
OUTDOOR
ASSEMBLY
(1+0) Integrated
INTEGRATED ANTENNA
FLEXIBLE WAVEGUIDE
ODU
VERTICAL (1+0) FRAME
BRAIDED COAXIAL CABLE
(1+0) Not Integrated

ODU
INTEGRATED
ANTENNA
(1+1) INTEGRATED
SUPPORTING FRAME
BRAIDED COAXIAL
CABLE
(1+1) Integrated
INTEGRATED ANTENNA
ODU
FLEXIBLE
WAVEGUIDE
(1+1) FRAME
(1+1) Not integrated

In the following pictures, examples regarding fully outdoor system are shown:
IN/OUT BRAIDED
COAXIAL CABLE
OAU UNIT
(1+0) Integrated
INTEGRATED ANTENNA
ODU
FLEX WAVEGUIDE
VERTICAL (1+0)
FRAME
BRAIDED
COAXIAL CABLE
OAU UNIT
(1+0) Not Integrated

3. System Description
This section describes the system main units.
3.1. IDU Plug-In
The IDU Plug-In adopts a modular architecture composed by:
The Access Card that represents the physical access of the equipment for the Tributary
streams from the public network, it also includes all the alarms and service channels interfaces.
A memory key containing the configuration parameter is equipped onto this unit.
One Controller Card that includes all the control and supervisory functions. It also contains a
EEPROM for inventory/user data and alarm history
One BaseBand Card, that includes all the base band processing, cable protection and IDU-
ODU auxiliary service channel management
The modular architecture allows obtaining all the other configurations of the IDU (2×(1+0), A/D-
RPT, Ring, (1+1) FD, PD and H/S) by duplicating only the BaseBand unit.
A – 1U Subrack
B – Access Card
C – Controller
D – BaseBand 1
E – Baseband 2(opt.)
Alarm Service
Access
To ODU BB2 Tributaries
BB1
Controller
The cards are housed in a 1U high subrack which provides electrical interconnections between
them by means of its backplane.
3.1.1. Access Card
The Access card is responsible of the following tasks:
Physical interface management of auxiliary channels (User/D external/Alarms) and Tributaries

Interface. Each tributary can be enabled or disabled. When a tributary is enabled, hardware must
provide fault monitoring associated to each tributary, including AIS IN, LOS, Code error and AIS
OUT detection. Auxiliary channel fault monitoring is not provided. The Access Board allows local
and remote loopback for each tributary signal.
Cross connect function allows to cross-connect the tributaries signals. Each local E1 input port
can be switched to any E1 tributary output port, at the other side of the link. Cross connect E1
configuration must be set by using suitable software commands, issued via LCT or Netviewer.
E1 tributary can be also connected in path protection mode, used only in Ring system type,
allowing the selection of the E1 signal between the two received signals according to the AIS
selection criteria.
Stuffing / destuffing
Multiplexing of tributary signals (after the stuffing block) into an aggregate frame for backplane
connection. De- multiplexing of the same signals is required in the opposite direction on the
aggregate frame received from BaseBand boards.
Access Card also houses the memory key containing the licence fees (Configuration: (1+ 0) or
(1+1)1 / Traffic Capacity: NxE1 / Modulation format: HD or ND) and all Configuration Parameters.
Four versions are available:
16xE1 Version: Traffic capacity up to 16xE1

1xE3 Version: E3 traffic capacity and a 2Mbps wayside channel
32xE1 Version: Traffic capacity 32xE1
Ethernet Version: Mixed TDM and Ethernet traffic interface: 8xE1 and 4x10/100baseT.
All Access Card versions provide the same service channel interfaces:
• 2 x User/ Dext Channel (Sw selectable)
• Alarm interfaces.
1
(1+1) licence enables 1+1, Ring, 2x(1+0) and Add-drop/Repeater System Types
3.1.2. Controller
The Controller implements the system control functionalities. The main functions are:
Collection of alarms and working parameters from the system units (IDU and ODU);
transmission of this information to a local PC or to a network supervision system
Activation of system commands coming from a local PC or from a network supervision system
(status forcing, modification of equipment parameters, etc.)
Storage on a Memory key of the system configurations and on EEPROMs the inventory / user
data and alarms history.
Routing of messages among controllers and the network supervision system manager
Electrical and protocol translation between the radio environment (which uses a proprietary
protocol channel, embedded in the radio frame, to transport management information) and the
supervision system (which requests that this information is available on a public connector, with
a standard protocol).
Measuring the IDU temperature2: the measurement has 1°C resolution and is updated once
every 15 s.
Functional blocks of the IDU are shown in the following figure:
2
functionality supported by Controller Unit code 634-001/74 from HW edition n°8
LoopBack CK Fault Line Stuffing BackPlane

& Recovery Moniotring Decoder Mux I/F
AIS
Logic
External I/F
Stuffing BackPlane
Mux I/F
AIS In/Los
D- Emb
Dropping
DEmb to Controller
D- Emb
aDDING DeStuffing BackPlane
DeMux I/F
DEmb from Controller

Protection
Logic
LoopBack AIS Line Dejjitter DeStuffing BackPlane

Inserction Decoder PLL DeMux I/F
Detection
External I/F
Access Card functional architecture
3.1.3. BaseBand
The unit carries out the following functions:
Regeneration of the 2 Mbit/s input tributary signals in compliance with Rec. G.703 and HDB3 ->
NRZ conversion
Generation of the aggregate frame and multiplexing of the input tributary signals into one main
stream
Scrambling (212-1 length stream seeded at the beginning of each frame, 215-1 for E3)
FEC insertion (Reed Solomon type, with a correction capacity of up to 5 errored bytes per frame)
Interleaving
Generation of a 128 kbit/s auxiliary service channel for the transmission of data channels, alarms
etc., between the IDU and the ODU (inserted into the main stream)
Generation of the switching command for the Tx HW switch
Automatic level control on the signal incoming from the ODU.
Power Supply conversion and distribution
The unit also comprises all the circuitry necessary to:
Carry out the hitless switching function between the two aggregate signals when the equipment
has been set to the protected configuration.
Send and receive the following signals from the ODU via the connecting coaxial cable:
– Aggregate stream
– power supply voltage for the ODU
From
access unit MUX / Service Scrambling Hitless I/F
DEMUX Drop-Insert FEC Switch cable
Interleaving to ODU
From
access
unit
HW Control
Logic to ODU
Power Supply Secondary

DC/DC Voltage
to Access
to CTRL
Baseband Card functional architecture
Three BaseBand versions are available depending on Multiplexer functions:
BaseBand 16xE1
BaseBand 32xE1
BaseBand E3
Each of these cards has to be used in conjunction with the relevant Access Card. The Ethernet
Access Card works in conjunction with BaseBand 16xE1.
3.2. IDU SingleBoard2
The SingleBoard2 IDU adopts a monolithic architecture, consisting in a single replacement unit,
tailored on a selected set of features. It is available in the following hardware versions:
8xE1 (1+0)
16xE1(1+0)
16xE1(1+1)Hsby
The listed configurations are related to the maximum hardware capacity: the wanted set of features
can be enabled by means of a user fee mechanism, within this constraint. Protected Configuration
is provided with ODU redundancy only.
In the Figure the block diagram of the IDU architecture is shown.
CONTROL BUS
SIGNAL BUS
POWER SUPPLY BUS
PS Tributary Control Section BaseBand

Section Section Section 1 BaseBand
Section 2
(Opt)
PS User/Dext TRIB Q-LAN V-LAN LCT ALM IF CABLE IF CABLE
The Power Section provides the interface to the external Power Supply.
The Control Section is in charge of the management of the complete system, and provides the
interfaces to the supervision systems.
Tributary Section interfaces the equipment to external tributaries and user-available signals.
The BB section is in charge of the following tasks:
Regeneration of the 2 Mbit/s input tributary signals in compliance with Rec. G.703 and HDB3 ->
NRZ conversion
Generation of the aggregate frame and multiplexing of the input tributary signals into one main
stream
Scrambling (212-1 length stream seeded at the beginning of each frame, 215-1 for E3)
FEC insertion (Reed Solomon type (152,142), with a correction capacity of up to 5 errored bytes
per frame)
Interleaving
Generation of a 128 kbit/s auxiliary service channel for the transmission of data channels, alarms
etc., between the IDU and the ODU (inserted into the main stream)
Automatic level control on the signal incoming from the ODU.
Power Supply conversion and distribution
3.3. Outdoor Access Unit
The Outdoor Access Unit implements all access and baseband functions in a waterproof case
suitable for outdoor installation.
The mechanical structure of the OAU consists of a compact sealed box suitable for wall mounting
and pole mounting.
Suitable flanges are foreseen for the installation of the OAU into ETSI and/or 19” rack.
The OAU works with all ODU versions in all the frequency bands.
The connection between the waterproof unit and the ODU is performed by means of a coaxial
cable carrying traffic, power supply and management information.
3.4. Outdoor Unit
The ODU is the system part in charge of RF processing of the signal.

It is connected to the IDU by a coaxial cable and to an antenna by means of four latches providing
fast and easy mounting.
The main functions of the ODU are:
IDU-ODU interface management :

Performs the IDU-ODU physical interfacing, allows splitting power supply input signal and the
cable frame to demux the radio payload which must be transmitted to modem section and the
cable overhead used for IDU-ODU interface management and for ODU control.
IF+RF block: it is responsible for up/down conversion of In-Phase and Quadrature signals to
the desired RF/IF frequency.
Modulation/Demodulation of base-band digital signal received/transmitted from/to the IDU
Supervision and configuration/management of the ODU
Management of the communication channel from/to IDU CONTROLLER
RF processing: Transmitting and receiving of the modulated signal
The Outdoor Unit adopts a Frequency Division Duplexing technique as showed in the relevant
ETSI recommendations. RF transmitter’s and Receiver’s frequencies can be set by the user
through the system Controller by means of SW command. Tx and Rx frequencies are joined by the
shifter value: any change of Tx (Rx) frequency automatically involves the change of Rx (Tx)
frequency according to the ODU’ shifter.
The figure below shows the ODU functional view.
POWER BUS
CONTROL BUS
SIGNAL BUS
Controller PS CABLE MODEM IF RF

Section I/F Section
DUPLEXER
RSSI IDU / ODU CABLE ANTENNA
The RF unit and the Duplexer are the only frequency dependent blocks. Within a frequency band,
typical a quarter of band tunability is obtained trough independent Tx/Rx synthesized VCOs with a
step size of 250 kHz. Three external interfaces are available:
IDU/ODU Cable allows the connection of the coaxial cable carrying traffic power and
supervision information
RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) interface allows to get information about the
received RF signal level by a standard voltmeter as measuring instrument.
Antenna interface allow the direct connection of an antenna or of flexible waveguide. It
adopts a standard PBR or PDR flange depending on the frequency bands.
Three types of Outdoor Unit are available:

ODU ND
ODU ND/HP
ODU HDe
3.4.1. ODU ND
The Normal Density ODU is composed of two main boards and the duplexer.
The MODEM board contains the following section:

• Cable Interface
• MODEM section: realizes a 4-level continuous phase modulation (4-CPM) of the baseband
signal
• Microprocessor
• PS section
The IF/RF Board is in charge of the following tasks:

Up-conversion to desired radio frequency of the input base band signal, through preliminary
fixed IF up-conversion, delivered by “Modem unit”
RF power transmission of up-converted signal to “duplexer interface”;
Low-noise amplification of the RF signal from “duplexer interface”;
Down-conversion to base band signal of the low-noise amplified RF signal, through preliminary
fixed IF down-conversion, and delivery it to the “Modem unit”
RSSI
ANTENNA I/F
Power
Section ⊗
ATPC
I
F SINTH TX VCO
VCO XN
Cable
C I/F
A
B µC? C
L
E
SINTH RX VCO XN
M
O
AGC
D
E
M
⊗ LN
MODEM UNIT IF/RF SECTION DUPLEXER
3.4.2. ODU HD/HP
The High Density/ High Performance ODU allows the selection, via SW, of the modulation format:
16 TCM or 4QAM.
The Outdoor Unit is composed by the following subunits:
MicroWave Transceiver Front-end (MWTF): equips the microwave transmitter, receiver,

VCOs and control board.
Dual UHF VCO: Is a part of the synthesizer used to synchronize the MW VCOs.
Modem/IF: includes dual IF processing, modulation and demodulation system, dual PLL
low frequency synthesizer, ODU hardware controller.
Power supply: Converts the DC voltage to the voltages required by other subunits and
provides alarm for failures. It extracts also the DC voltage from the cable and insures the
primary lightning protection.
Filter diplexer: insures the tunability according to the frequency
Power
Supply
To/From Duplexer
To/From IDU
MODEM/IF
UNIT MWTF
Dual VCO
The aggregated signals, coming/sent from/to the IDU are treated in the Modem/IF subunit. The IF
signal is filtered and sent to the transmitter to be up-converted to the microwave band. An output
power control facility moves the transmitted power level in Output Power range. The Rx IF signal,
coming from the receiver is demodulated and sent to the IDU. The IF unit houses the cable
equalizer, the PLL circuits, a frequency reference oscillator (TCXO) and a microprocessor
controller unit for the management of the hardware inside the ODU. The dual VCO unit provides a
very low phase noise UHF signals to synchronize a couple of RF VCOs placed in the Microwave
Transceiver Front-end (MWTF). The MWTF interfaces the microwave filter diplexer which insures
the required decoupling between transmitter and receiver subunits.
3.4.3. ODU HDe
This ODU, besides the same functionalities of ODU HD/HP3, provides also the support of 32xE1
capacity in 28MHz with 16TCM modulation.
Moreover, it is fully backward compatible with ODU HD/HP, in order to be used as spare part of the
previous family.
The High Density enhanced ODU is composed of two main boards.
• Modem unit: it is in charge for power supply function, control function, cable interface
management and modem function (4QAM/16TCM modulation). This board contains all
processing which is common for all RF bands
• RF/IF unit: it is in charge for up and down conversion from the modulated signal to RF
frequency. The RF/IF unit architecture is different for each band.
This type of ODU is mandatory with IDU PI 32xE1 version
3.5. Frequency Setting
3
Except the 2xE1 capacity in 3.5MHz that is not supported
The system provides two different setting modes of the operating frequencies:
Continuous frequency: The user can set for the transmission frequency every value comprised
into the operating band of the equipment with a step of 250 Khz. It is necessary to set manually the
values of the transmission and reception RF frequencies. It is sufficient to set one of the two RF
frequency values, because the system automatically calculates and sets the other one according
to the shift frequency. The user can set every value of the frequency, but this value must be within
the operating band of the ODU (TF Min and TF Max).
Frequency plan: The user can arrange a channelling plan that stays inside the operating band
of the equipment. The numbers of the channel are dependent on operating band and transmission
capacity.
Each couple TX Freq- RX freq is identified by a Channel Number that can be used to set the
operating frequency.
3.6. Output Power
Two Output Power setting modes are provided:
Fixed/RTPC
This power setting mode allows the user to select the output power of Tx chain, with 1dB
granularity, within the Output Power Range allowed by the ODU version.
ATPC
ATPC (Automatic Transmit Power Control) feature allows to modify the remote transmit power
automatically, in order to limit interference while guaranteeing certain quality performance in the
local radio unit, even if a fading event has affected the radio channel: the far side terminal sends a
signal regarding the received signal level and the near side terminal adjust its transmit power in
order to meet a wanted RSL (named ATPC Threshold, can be set by the user) on the far side. The
remote ODU ask an increasing or decreasing of the TX power on the basis of the comparison of
received signal power compared to ATPC Threshold value.
If the received power is in the range ATPC_Th ± 3dB, the command transmitted to the remote side
is not o modify the transmit power (note that the value 3dB is fixed). For lower received power
levels the command is to increase the power (1 dB) whereas for higher power levels the command
is to decrease the power (by 1 dB). In ATPC mode the output power can be modified in the range
PminATPC ÷ PmaxATPC. The parameter Pmin ATPC can be set by the user in all ODU version.
Pmax ATPC is fixed to maximum output power provided by the ODU for ND ODU, while it can be
configured by the user for the ODU HD/HP and HDe by means of the parameter ATPC Range
(note that PminATPC+ATPC Range has to be less or equal to PTmax provided by the ODU).
Received Power
PmaxATPC
1dB decreasing request
ATPC_Th No modification ∆=3dB
1dB increasing request
PminATPC
3.6.1. Coupling loss
In (1+1) H/S System Type, if ATPC is disabled, it is necessary to specify the value of the coupling
loss (Coupling Loss parameter) for the RF connection of ODU, since RF TX power should be the
same for the active and protection chain.
This value depends on the hardware used for the implementation of the (1+1) Hot-Standby
protection (allowed range of RF couplers loss is between 0 dB and 15 dB).
Coupling loss parameter is used to increase the internal Tx power of the same value of the RF
coupling loss, in order to have the desired power level after the RF coupler.
For instance, when the unbalanced coupler is used, the coupling loss parameter for the Stand-by
ODU is set to 10 dB, so that when the switch occurs its tx power is increased of 10 dB (anyway it
can’t be raised over Pmax ; PS-by ODU =min (Pmax , PAct-ODU + 10)).
3.7. Radiating System
The system in both (1+ 0) and (1+1) configurations allows integrated as well as separately
mounted antennas. In case of integrated mounting, the outdoor unit is directly mounted onto the
rear of antenna without any waveguide connection. The antenna is provided with a bracket to be
mounted on a pole. The antenna mounting supports the outdoor unit, which is easily removable by
means of simple retaining latches.
(1+0) Integrated Mounting
In case of remote mounting, a flexible waveguide is provided for the connection of antenna to the
ODU
The (1+1) hot stand-by configuration on a single antenna is provided by means of a coupler in
Balanced or Unbalanced version. The supporting frame can be mounted directly on the rear of the
antenna or separated (pole, wall).
PROTECTION COVER
O-RING
PROTECTION COVER
(1+1) Supporting frame for integrated antenna mounting
Examples of integrated antenna mounting in (1+0)/ (1+1) configurations:
Polarization diversity is possible by means of a dual polarisation antenna.

Daul Polarized Antenna Mounting

4. Cross Connect Functionality
The cross-connect functionality is available only for Plug-In version. It allows, by means of SW
setting, to cross connect the tributary interface toward the Radio Interface, both in Unprotected and
Protected configuration.
CrossConnect Matrix Layout
The functionality, available by LCT/Netviewer, is provided by a CrossConnect matrix that

provides three interfaces:
Tributary Side
Radio Side 1
Radio Side 2
4.1. Cross Connection Matrix on IDU PI 16xE1
“Unrestricted” Cross Connection functionality for all System Types (1+0, 1+1, Add-
drop/Repeater) is provided.
Added tributaries: it is possible to add/drop all 16 Radio tributaries for each Radio side.
Pass-through signals: it is possible to cross connect all tributary signals “West side” of any
position with tributary signals “East side” of any position
Radio side A Radio side B
1 1
16 16
1 16
Tributaries
4.2. Cross Connection Matrix on IDU Plug-in 32xE1
For all system types (1+0, 1+1 Hot Stand-by/FD, A-D/Repeater, Ring) a full cross-connection
matrix is supported: each of the 32 E1 lines of the Access (tributary) side can be connected to any
of the 32 E1 lines Base Band side.
In case of Ring system type with 32xE1 radio capacity the cross-connection matrix supports only
32 connections of any type (theoretically 48 connections should be available) because of the
following limitation: each connection involving a tributary line reduces by one unit the amount of
available pass-through connections and vice-versa.
Radio side A Radio side B

1 1
32 32
1 32 Tributaries
4.3. Preservation of the cross-connection matrix
This functionality simplifies the configuration of the NE when changing from one system type to
another.
In the following table the behavior of the cross-connection matrix in case of system type change
(keeping the same access unit) from type A to type B and viceversa is shown:
System type ‘A’ System type ‘B’ Cross-connection matrix

1+0 1+1(*) preserved
1+0 2x(1+0) (*) preserved
1+0 Add/Drop Repeater (*) preserved
1+0 Ring (*) preserved
1+1 2x(1+0) reset to default
1+1 Add/Drop Repeater reset to default
1+1 Ring reset to default
2x(1+0) Add/Drop Repeater preserved
( )
* When changing from system type B to system type A the NE embedded SW deletes the
connections involving Base Band 2 side.
5. Ethernet functionalities
Ethernet functionalities are available on IDU Plug-In platform by means of a dedicated Access
Card, featuring a mixed TDM and Ethernet interface: 8xE1 and 4x10/100 BaseT, and supporting
L2 switching and QoS management.
The selected on-air capacity (trunk port capacity), is shared between Ethernet Traffic and PDH
traffic as showed in the diagram below.
Radio Capacity
LAN port 1
S LAN port 1
LAN port 2
R Ethernet LAN port 2
LAN port 3
A (Trunk capacity) LAN port 3
LAN port 4 L LAN port 4
X
TDM
TDM D
TDM
On Air Capacity On Air Capacity
The capacity reserved for Ethernet traffic is dynamically shared among the 4 LAN ports according
to QoS setting.
Ethernet frames transmitted towards the radio are inserted in a NxE1 channel, with N configurable
between 1 and 16, with a resolution of a single E1. N synchronous E1 signals are generated by a
framer, according to the configured Trunk side capacity, while a proprietary mapping of the
Ethernet frames into the NxE1 channel is performed by a mapper device. On the receiving side, N
E1 de-framers and a demapper retrieve the original Ethernet frame transmitted by the remote
station.
A block scheme of the Data interface unit is shown in the following figure.
E1Framer/Deframer
Mapper/Demapper
Cross To BB card
Connect
Scheduler
Trunk Ports
Switching Block
LAN Ports TDM
Each LAN port can be individually enabled/disabled .LAN interface is auto sensing (10 or 100
Mbit/s, half or full duplex); in any case it is possible, via management software, to set half/ full-
duplex or auto-sensing mode as well as 10, 100 Mbit/s capacity. Ethernet frames with a length up
to 1536 bytes are supported by LAN ports.
5.1. Switching
The DATA Access unit implements an Ethernet bridge that has the function of Ethernet switch and
manages the access on Ethernet interface to the BB cross-connection matrix.
The L2 Switching is performed among the following Ethernet ports:
Four LAN ports: input/output ports on LAN network of the traffic Ethernet frames
Trunk port: it is the input/output port of the Ethernet traffic towards the radio link.
Each LAN port can be enabled/disabled and configured by the user, while the Trunk port
is always enabled.
The switching can be performed on the basis of the MAC Address or the VLAN ID.
The switching functionalities are subdivided in Filtering the Ethernet frames and Forwarding them
among the available ports.
5.1.1. Filtering
Filtering is performed according to the source MAC address of the incoming packets.
Source MAC addresses received from LAN Ports are stored, along with the corresponding port the
frame was received from (LAN and Trunk), in a data-base (MAC DB) which is continuously
updated (Auto-learning mode). Each entry is stored within a configurable aging-time.
Frames received from a port are discarded if the destination MAC address matches one of the
MAC addresses contained in the data-base and the input port is equal to the one contained in the
data-base.
Also frames received from or sent to a disabled port are discarded.
In case of VLAN-based switching, filtering rules are based on VLAN ID, too (see following section).
5.1.2. Forwarding
All filtered frames are forwarded among the ports according to the selected forwarding mode:
Fully connected LAN ports:

Each frame in input is routed only on the basis of the destination MAC address. The LAN ports are
fully interconnected; this causes that the frame in input from a LAN port can be sent to any other
port (LAN and Trunk), without any restriction.
An uplink frame (frame in input from a LAN port):

- is sent to only one LAN port if the destination MAC address is stored in the MAC DB and the
corresponding port is a LAN port (LAN and Trunk), different from that in input
-is sent both to the Trunk port and to all the other enabled LAN ports if the destination MAC
address is unknown.
A downlink frame (frame in input from the Trunk port):

corresponding port is a LAN port
- is sent to all the enabled LAN ports in the other cases.
Isolated LAN ports

The LAN ports are isolated; this causes that the frames in input from a LAN port can be sent only
to the Trunk port (they cannot be sent to another LAN port).
An uplink frame (frame in input from a LAN port):

- is sent to the Trunk port in all cases.
A downlink frame (frame in input from the Trunk port):

corresponding port is a LAN port
- is sent to all the enabled LAN ports in the other cases.
Selective VLAN forwarding

In each port only the passage of the frames containing a VLAN tag with the value of VLAN ID
included in the list of VLAN ID associated to the port is allowed. The user can configure up to 64
different VLAN IDs, specifying the LAN port associated to each VLAN ID. All the configured VLAN
IDs are always automatically associated to the Trunk port.
Each frame in input from a port is discarded:
- if it satisfies the filtering rules
- if it does not contain a VLAN tag

- if it contains a VLAN tag that is not included in the list of the VLAN tags associated to the input
port
- if the destination MAC address is stored in the MAC DB and the corresponding port is not
included within the ports associated to the VLAN ID contained in the frame.
Each received frame containing a VLAN ID associated to the input port is sent:
- to only one of the other ports associated to the VLAN ID contained in the frame, if the destination
MAC address is stored in the MAC DB and the corresponding port is included within the ports
associated to the VLAN ID contained in the frame
- to all the other ports associated to the VLAN ID contained in the frame, if the destination MAC
address is unknown.
Uplink VLAN ID tagging and Replacing

To each LAN port is associated only a unique VLAN ID, which can be configured by the user; it is
possible to associate the same VLAN ID to more LAN ports.
The frames in input from a port are managed in the following way:
- if the frame contains a VLAN tag, there is the replacement of the VLAN ID contained in the frame
with the VLAN ID associated to the input port
- if the frame does not contain a VLAN tag, there is the insertion, into the frame, of a VLAN ID
equal to that associated to the input port.
Frames entering the switch from the Trunk port contain a VLAN tag otherwise they are discarded.
Frames are internally forwarded according to the same rules explained for the selective VLAN
forwarding mode. VLAN tag is removed from Ethernet frames exiting from LAN ports, whereas
frames exiting from Trunk port keep their VLAN tag.
5.2. Scheduling
QoS management is provided by Scheduling in upstream direction (from User side to Radio side)
used to transmit data frames with different priority on the radio channel, according to one of the
following criteria or possibly a combination of them:
• first arrived first served (no priority);
• LAN port;
• content of the Ethernet User Priority field in the Ethernet frames (“802.1p”);
• content of the ToS/DiffServ field of IPv4 packets or the Traffic Class field of IPv6 packets
(“IP based”).
The last three criteria are separately enabled on a per port basis according to software
configurations. In case of more than one criterion enabled, LAN port has the lowest priority, while it
is possible to select the priority classification between “802.1p” and “IP based”.
In the scheduler, up to 4 different queues are available, according to the selected criteria and the
enabled options.
F F Queue 1
I O
L R
T W Queue 2
E A
R R Queue 3
I D
N I Queue 4
G N
G
SCHEDULER
Selection of the frame to be transmitted from the different queues towards the radio is done
according to a fixed priority scheme or using a WFQ algorithm with fixed weights.
If Fixed priority is selected, frames with higher priority are always transmitted first.
WFQ allows to share the channel bandwidth among the four different priority levels. The four
weights are fixed and respectively equal to 8, 4, 2 and 1.
6. Management
6.1. DCN
In the SRAL XD product line, system concept and embedded software architecture have been
designed to permit a user-friendly and effective local and remote terminals’ management.
TCP/IP Communication protocols and standard physical interfaces have been adopted to simplify
and speed up DCN implementation and to allow an easy integration in 3rd party Management
Systems.
OMC
DCN
SRAL XD
The management information are stored and processed by the NE controller and made available
externally to the network operator through standard interfaces:
■ Q LAN 10/100BaseT:
The Q LAN interface carries the Transmission Network Management (TNM) information used by
Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC) to manage the network nodes. The Q channel can
operate with auto-negotiation both half duplex and full duplex, both 10 BaseT or 100 BaseT.
■ V-LAN 10BaseT interface4:

The V LAN is made available for the interconnection among the equipment Controllers of several
systems located in the same site
4 Not available on Outdoor Access Unit

VLAN
VLAN
HUB
VLAN
The V LAN interface together with the Q LAN makes available the connection, throughout Tx/Rx
crossover cables, among more equipment Controllers of the same site and the OMC without
applying external elements.
QLAN VLAN
QLAN VLAN
QLAN VLAN
■ D-ext Channel V.11 contra-directional5:
Allows to carry the management information through a data network. The standard PPP over
HDLC is the protocol of this channel for the interconnection with third part equipment (routers).
The D-ext channel also allows the connection with SRA L equipped with V.11 card.
55
Not available on Outdoor Access Unit
DATA NETWORK LAN

ROUTER
ROUTER
ROUTER WITH V.11 INTERFACE
NE
The interface is fully routed and routing protocol announcements are supported (dynamic routing
and associated announcements can be switched on or off by NMS for this interface).
■ User Channel V.11 co/contra-directional6:

The User channel is a general purpose data channel, which is made available for user-defined
applications. The equipment performs the point-to-point transport of this channel, and is completely
transparent to channel’s content.
The User and Dext Channel are provided by means of the same connector. The functionality
actually implemented has to be configured by SW setting.
■ D-Embedded Channel7
It is a 64kbps channel framed in a single time slot inside one E1 stream. The time slot and the
specific E1 stream8 can be set via software. D-Embedded channel is used to carry the
management information between two NEs, that are not connected by means of any other
transmission media.
6
Not available on Outdoor Access Unit
7 In case of IDU PI 16xE1 in 2x(1+0) or Add/Drop system types, two D-emb channels are available.
8
In case of IDU PI 16xE1, only tributaries 1÷4 Radio-side can be used for D-emb channel transport; in case of IDU 32xE1 any
tributary radio-side can be used for D-emb channel transport.
PSTN
D-Embedded
D-Embedded
NE
NE NE
R Channel
■ V bus Channel
The V bus interface is available on IDU Plug-in controller in order to interconnect SRA L equipment
located in the same station. The V bus channel utilizes a proprietary protocol. Up to 32
independent SRA L units placed in the same site can be connected to the V-bus 120Ω cable.
■ R Channel
R channel is a 64 kbps out of band channel accessible only via the controller, that carries
management IP packets over the radio interface.
The interface is fully routed and routing announcements are supported (dynamic routing and
associated announcements can be switched on or off by NMS for this interface). Standard PPP
protocols over HDLC
R CHANNEL
O User CHANNEL
D
U Payload
RS 232
DEmbedded
Traffic
V LAN Q LAN Vbus Dext User
■ Local Craft Terminal Interface:

A 38,4 kbps synchronous data channel is available to connect a PC to the NE for local
management adopting a standard PPP protocol. A relevant software package, LinkViewer, is
provided for local management and maintenance. This interface can be also used for DCN
purpose.
7 Network Management System

A continuous supervision of the whole SRAL XD network is available, with automatic alarm
reporting and complete network block representation, using the NetViewer software package.
The NetViewer system platform comprises standard PCs under Microsoft Windows NT®/ Windows
2000® for reduced costs and increased simplicity. The user interface, developed with the “look and
feel” of standard Windows applications, is designed for intuitive operation.
In order to increase efficiency and reduce staff training time, NetViewer supports different
interfaces to the Data Communication Networks (DCN) giving a wide level of freedom for creating
networks of different sizes. For controlling DCN, often designed with devices based on SNMP
protocol such as routers and interface converters, the SNMP device management performed by
NetViewer allows the complete monitoring of all the Network Elements included in the network.
NetViewer supplies the HTTP interface enabling the user to access it via Internet and Intranet
using browsers as Netscape and Microsoft Explorer for supervisioning the SRAL XD networks.
The tunnelling of IP over OSI allows a SRAL XD network to be connected to the TMN of a SDH
network
This integration gives the big advantage of having an integrated solution for the management of a
mixed PDH-SDH network. This advantage is further highlighted by the fact that the Nokia Siemens
Networks SDH operating system can also perform the network control layer facilities.
Nokia Siemens Networks Management System portfolio also comprises TNMS Core (Nokia
Siemens Networks SDH TMN platform) and Radio Commander (Nokia Siemens Networks Mobile
TMN platform).
Also devices of different vendors based on SNMP protocol can be managed by NetViewer.
INTRANET
INTERNET
Local Management and Maintenance of the SRAL XD is performed by LinkViewer, the Element
Manager running on LCT.
7.1 Security
7.1.1 Access Security
The access to the equipment, by means of LCT/NMS, is allowed to authorized users on the basis
of three different user classes:
Read Only:
Read/Write:
Admin
The configuration of the Security (enabling status and password) is stored into the equipment
memory.
7.1.1.1 Priority in Read/Write Access

It is possible to select the priority in write access of an LCT/NMS connecting to the NE with respect
to the LCT/NMS already connected to the NE. Since the NE supports only one user at a time with
read/write capability, the Admin or Read/write user that was previously connected is disconnected
by the NE itself, unless it changes its user level to Read/only after a warning transmitted by the
NE9.
Aim of this feature is to allow a connection with read/write properties at any time, in order to
perform an urgent maintenance operation on the appliance without the need to request to the
“main” NMS, usually connected with read/write capability, a manual change of its access level.
9 This feature is supported by Netviewer 7.0 onwards.

7.1.2 Protocol ports security

The ports relevant to debugging IP-based protocols (Telnet, TNMP, HTTP, FTP) can be
enabled/disabled by the operator.
7.1.3 Same Admin password for FTP/TELNET/TNMP
Password of both FTP and Telnet Admin user is the same as TNMP Admin user class password. It
isn’t possible to directly modify the FTP and/or Telnet Admin password, but any change in the
TNMP Admin password affect s both the FTP and Telnet Admin password.
7.1.4 SSH on FTP / Telnet session
NE embedded SW includes an SSH server running SSH-2 protocol version and supporting file
transfer and remote command execution. SSH functionalities (enabled/ disabled via TNMP
configuration) allow user authentication and traffic encryption between two hosts, thus improving
the security of communication.
User authentication/ authorization is password-based (the password is linked to TNMP Admin
password).
File transfer is carried via sftp protocol (same users and passwords used by FTP are supported),
whereas remote command execution is carried via ssh: this sw tool is similar to TELNET but
commands, passwords and data are encrypted.
7.1.5 Accounting log
The Accounting log functionality allows storing in the NE (non volatile memory) a list of up to 120
records of relevant log actions (login or logout) performed by users.
When the reserved memory is full, a new log action will cause the oldest one to be deleted
(overwritten by the new one). Each record will include the following information fields:
IP address of the user;
user class (Admin, Read Write or Read Only);
log action;
date and time of the log action.
The accounting Log file is available uploading a file via FTP.
7.2 Configuration management:
The Status and Config function allows checking the operating status of the equipment and
configuring, according to the available hardware and license, all the system, operating and network
parameters.
Equipment: System capacity, Modulation Format, Operating channel, RF channel plan,

RF output power, BB and RF switches, Link ID
Software: Management of the equipment software
Network: Link ID, System address (NMS), D-embedded Management

Alarms Config: Alarm configuration
Time Settings: Synchronization configuration
In case of protected configuration it is needed to set the TX/Rx channel for just one ODU, the
second one will be aligned automatically by the SW command RF Channel Self Alignment
7.3 Commissioning Facilities:
The SRAL XD provides a set of feature for support during commissioning activities in order to
monitor the performance of the NE during a stated period of time and the correct working of
protection switching allowing to force each available switch.
7.3.1 Long period performance monitoring recording

In order to verify the proper set up of the radio hop, Performance Monitoring data (G.826, RSPI
and RPS) relative to last 192 consecutive and complete 15minutes periods are stored and can be
transferred via FTP, in order to be processed by MS office SW.
Two options are available:
- Last Quarter: storing continuous and cyclical
- From Start Time: to set the beginning of data collection
Start Start of current
PM Recording duration
Tim e 15’ period
(192 15’ periods)
Last Q uarters Tim e
PM R ecording duration
(192 15’ periods)
From Start Tim e
Tim e
G et results
7.3.2 Time switched forcing
It allows forcing the switch position for a certain period (selected by the user). The following
options are available:
- Single sequence
- Periodic (for Hot Stand-by System Types): the switch is forced every n days (n=0÷400), in order
to verify the integrity of the complete Stand-by transmission chain.
Stand By
Working
Repetition Period
The following switchings are performed according to the System Type:

-Base Band:
FD : selection of BB in Tx and Rx side
HSBY : selection of the active ODU in Tx side and the BB in Rx side
- Hitless Rx Switch (for FD configuration)
7.3.3 Local History Log
This feature supports the recovery of the recent history of the appliance: the Network Element
controller saves in its volatile memory the last 4000 events and pseudo-events.
It is possible to retrieve both a subset of events and pseudo-events to complete a missing portion
of the Network Element history (for example in case of temporary disconnection of the NE from the
NMS) and the complete saved “history” (for example a local download from NE not connected to a
network management system)
7.3.4 Measurement
The NE allows the measurement of the following parameters by means of both LCT/NMS:
Inner temperature of the ODU
Inner temperature of the IDU (functionality supported by Controller Unit of IDU Plug-in10):
Received power (RF RX) and transmitted power (RF TX)
Statistic measures of the Ethernet traffic interface (only for DATA Access unit)
7.3.5 Performance Monitoring
The system allows the execution of the analysis and the recording on file of the performance data.
Several types of performance data are available:
quality and unavailability counters, applied to the aggregated radio signal, measured in
according to ITU- T G.826 recommendation
RSPI (Radio Synchronous Physical Interface) parameters, applied to each transceiver, and
mainly related to the received and transmitted power
RPS (Radio Protection Switching) event counters, applied to each switching functionality
Measurements periods are 15 minutes or 24 hours; besides the current periods, the NE stores the
last 16 completed 15 minute periods and the last 4 completed 24 hour periods.
There are 3 major measurement points:
10
Code 634-001/74 from HW edition n°8
before protection switching (one per transceiver)

after protection switching (one in 1+0 and two in 2x(1+0); only one in protected 1+1 system
types)
at Radio Protection switching level (one per network element)
Radio Interface #1
Protection
Switching
Radio Interface #2
Mesurement Point
After protection
Each measurement period is characterized by:

all the applicable measurements;
a time counter for each measurement point: the actual number of seconds in the interval
(namely 900 and 86400);
a suspect interval flag for each measurement point: boolean indication of abnormal
situation during measured performance.
Configuration of performance data is possible in case of login (via NMS or LCT) with read/write
privileges; collected data can be displayed on a quarter of hour basis (current quarter of an hour
and sixteen previous ones) or on a daily basis (current 24 hours and previous four intervals of 24
hours).
Displaying G.826 performance (Day)

Displaying G.826 performance (Quarter)
Netviewer /LCT allow recording on file of the performance data referred to quarters of hour,
according to the selected System type.
7.4 Fault management:
The SRAL XD equipment is provided with an alarm system, with different signaling modes (via
software, LED, connector outputs), that starting from an alarm signal allows to the operator to
identify quickly the failed module or function.
Software Alarms are reported on LCT/NMS and are organized in different groups:
Physical
TX/RX
Tributary
Network
Station
Each board is equipped with some LEDs reporting alarms related to the board.
Moreover, the IDU is equipped with an Alarms Connector carrying a number of signal lines,
associated to these main functionalities:
Delivery to the outside of radio equipment of summarized alarms related to equipment

status
Transparent transport 11 via radio link of up to 4 12, externally supplied, alarm lines i.e.,
open-door alarm, smoke alarm, switch commands, etc (input lines)
It is possible selecting independently for each line the electrical condition (ground or
open) corresponding to a rising of an alarm.
11
Functionality supported by IDU Plug-in and OAU
12 2 input alarm lines are supported by OAU.
Delivery11 to the outside of radio equipment of the 412, externally supplied, alarm lines
transported via radio link from the far-end
7.5 Maintenance
For maintenance purpose the following loop-backs can be provided:
Local loop-back
The E1 tributary signal can be looped back in the base-band unit at the E1 input interface level.
This type of loop-back when activated allows testing the integrity of the circuitry related to line
interface access.
E1 E1
Local loop-back
Remote loop-back
Each E1 tributary stream can be looped back in the remote station, just before the E1 output
interface. This type of loop-back when activated allows testing connection integrity between two
terminals, with the only exception of the E1 physical output drivers of the remote terminal.
E1 E1
Remote loop-back
Each available E1 tributary (i.e., each enabled tributary) can be looped back either locally or
remotely by properly configuration.
7.6 SNTP Support

The SRAL XD implements SNTP according to RFC 2030. This protocol is designed to synchronize
the clock on the NE with the clock on network time servers, thus offering synchronization accuracy
higher than the one obtained via Netviewer synchronization mechanism.
The NE performs a clock update by placing a SNTP request to the configured server in the
following occasions:
- At NE controller reset (if the address is already set to a meaningful value).
-Every 2 hours (related to 50 ppm clock precision combined with a requirement to avoid
corrections greater than 0.5 seconds that would bring to a wrong interval duration in performance
monitoring data) since the last NE controller reset.
- When the IP address of the time server is changed. In such a case an additional “asynchronous”
request is performed; then the next request will be performed respecting the 2-hour period with the
origin corresponding to the controller reset.
If the SNTP is disabled the NE synchronization is performed via Netviewer.
7.7 NAPT on F interface
Use of NAPT (Network Address Protocol Translation) for F interface allows saving the IP address
to be reserved to LCT: a private IP address is assigned to LCT, and the NE completely masks the
private IP address when it communicates with another NE of the “public” network.
In the following figure the effects of NAPT on the IP packets routing process is shown:
Only IP packets supporting

traffic relevant to NE
management Only IP packets supporting traffic
relevant to LCT
NE management NAPT NAPT F

matching translation interface
IP packets having the source or destination IP address equal to

the NE IP address (they support both traffic relevant to NE
management and traffic relevant to LCT)
LAN ...
R1
interface
interface
When NAPT is enabled, the private IP address of the LCT is changed into the NE IP address by
the NAPT process. F interface is hidden to the router by the NAPT protocol; the real LCT IP
address is “masked” by NAPT and it is not present in the routing table.
When NAPT is disabled (default condition) a “public” IP address must be reserved to LCT.
7.8 OSPF
NE supports not only RIP as dynamic routing protocol, but also the Open Shortest Path First
(OSPF) Version 2. The selection between RIP and OSPF is enabled via SW license and the two
protocols are mutually exclusive (cannot run at the same time in the same NE).
OSPF is a link-state routing protocol, whereas RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol. The
former runs directly over IP, whereas the latter uses UDP as intermediate layer.
OSPF offers several advantages compared to RIP:
• Routers using OSPF have a better knowledge of the network topology than routers using RIP,
so forwarding decisions can be more accurate.
• It is possible to use variable length sub-netting; this results in saving IP addresses.
• It is possible to reduce both the protocol traffic and the router processing time by applying
network summarizations (this implies a proper network addresses design).
• There is no theoretical limit to the number of hops the protocol is allowed to handle.
• In stable network conditions a very low traffic is generated to keep all the routers updated.
• When the network topology changes, OSPF should reach a new stable situation in a shorter
time than RIP.
• Inter-working with 3rd party equipment supporting OSPF is easier and faster (no need of static-
routes setting)
8 Software Download
The equipment software is composed by the set (build software) of all the units’ software.
The equipment units, provided with software/firmware, are the following ones:
Controller unit
FPGA module(s) of BB unit
FPGA module of Access unit
ODU
The unit that manages the equipment operation is the Controller unit. It is a unit with
microprocessor, provided with two banks of non volatile memory, over which it is uploaded the
equipment software: one bank is active, the other one is a standby one.
The standby bank ensures the redundancy of the equipment software and it operates if the active
bank fails; the system uses the standby bank also for the download of the equipment build
software.
The ODU is provided with a non volatile memory bank (two banks on ODU HDe), over which the
system uploads the corresponding unit software only.
Into the FPGA modules of the Access and BB units, the system uploads the firmware at the
starting-up of the Controller unit.
From LCT/NMS, it is possible via FTP to execute the download of the equipment build software,
without any interruption of Controller operation.
The download procedure via FTP uploads the software build on the standby bank of the Controller
unit only; the system keeps running the pre-existing software on the active bank of the Controller
unit and on the other units.
To make active the new build software, it is necessary to execute the switching of the banks on the
Controller unit.
The switching operation runs the new version of the Controller unit software; on the other units, the
system keeps on execution the pre-existing software. Then, the Controller unit executes the
comparison between the versions of the unit software present into the build software uploaded
over the active bank and the versions of the unit software currently on progress, signalling the
possible misalignment situations.
From NetViewer/LCT, the user can, by means of manual command, execute the software
alignment of every unit: this procedure consists in the download operation of the unit
software/firmware (ODU SW or FPGA firmware) from the active bank of the Controller unit to the
unit (Access, BB or ODU) memory.
The download of the build software can be executed as through local mode as through remote
one:
local download: from LCT (on F interface or on Ethernet Q/V interface)
remote download: from LCT and from NetViewer
9 Engineering Order Wire
The Engineering Order Wire (EOW) is an external unit used to provide a Voice Service Channel
and inter-working capabilities between SRAL XD and other MW appliances.
The EOW external unit is composed of a standard 1U high IDU that may be mounted on a
standard rack.
The subrack can be equipped with one or two EOW cards.
EOW Card #1 EOW Card #1
EOW Layout
Each EOW card is equipped with the following interfaces:

Power Supply ±48Volts
PC interface (RS-232)
µTel
2x V.11 interfaces for connection to SRAL XD and SRA 4; the connection is performed by
the USER channel interface (V.11 @ 64 Kbit/s)
2xExpansion interfaces for
a) Connection vs. EOW Unit (old SRA L version), 4 Wires + E&M
b) EOW expansion
Providing two V.11 interfaces, each card is able to provide a voice service channel for up to two
NEs.
A second EOW card can be added in the same shelf, in such a way a single 1U high IDU can
provide up to four voice channels.
The unit can performs either selective or ‘omnibus’ calls; the phone number for selective call and
other settings are configurable via RS232 interface.
The diagram below shows possible applications of the EOW:
SRAL XD/SRA4 SRAL XD/SRA4

(1+1) (1+1)
SRAL XD/SRA4
(1+1)
V11 V11 V11

EOW Card
EOW Card
4 wires
intra-office
analogue link
EOW SRAL EOW SRAL EOW SRAL
SRA L SRA L SRAL
SRAL XD SRAL XD
SRA4 SRA4
V11 V11
EOW Card 1 EOW Card 2

V11 SRAL
4W
SRAL XD SRAL EOW
4W
SRA4
10 VoIP
Voice Service Channel via IP on a single link is available through V LAN interface. Recommended
voice codings are G.723 and G.729 in order to reduce the bandwidth occupation of the voice
channel. Anyway, Nokia Siemens Networks strongly advice to utilise VOIP phones that have been
tested and homologated in conjunction with Nokia Siemens Networks MW equipment.
11 Alarm converter
Alarm Converter is a device which collects 24 external alarms and provides 24 output commands.
The Alarm Converter, 1/2 U high, adopts a monolithic architecture, consisting of a single
replacement unit; and it is supplied with dedicated brackets suitable for assembly in 19"or ETSI N3
racks.
On the frontal the following connectors are present:
- 1 sub-D 3W3 connector for the -48V power supply
- 1 RJ-45 connectors for the Ethernet interface (Q interface)
- 1 sub-D 9 connector for LCT interface (F interface)
- 1 sub-D 25 connector for the 24 inputs
- 1 sub-D 25 connector for the 24 outputs
A dual-color LED (green/red) is available on the front panel to indicate power On/ Card Fail
condition.
LCT
Siemens MNG COMMAND OUTPUTS ALARM INPUTS Card -48V Battery
Fail
_
+
Alarm Converter collects 24 external alarms, called Station alarms.

The status of 24 input lines and each station alarm variation is notified to NMS and/or to a remote
Alarm Converter via Ethernet interface (Q) through MW DCN (or any other DCN based on
standard IP protocol).
Station alarms name, polarity and severity are configurable via LCT, as well as IP destination
address of the remote Alarm Converter receiving the station alarm.
Alarm notifications can be sent alternatively to NMS (via SNMP trap), to remote Alarm Converter
(via a proprietary protocol over TCP/IP) or to both of them according to LCT setting.
Alarm Converter provides also 24 output lines, called output commands.

Each output command can be forced to a fixed value by LCT or can remotise a station alarm input
of a remote Alarm Converter.
Output commands name and polarity are configurable via LCT, as well as the source (LCT or
remote Converter) which can modify the output command value.
When Alarm converter receives a message from a remote Converter, it checks if the received
Alarm ID matches with a configured one. If so, the corresponding output command value is
modified properly, otherwise the message is discarded.
An example of appliance scenario concerning Alarm remotization is shown in the following figure:
Node D
CMD 1-8 (from Node A)
Alarm CMD 9-16 (from Node B)
converter CMD 17-24 (from Node C)
Q interface
Q interface EMS
Microwave
DCN network
Q interface
Q interface Q interface
Node A Node B Node C
Alarm Alarm Alarm

converter converter converter
ALM 1-8 ALM 1-8 ALM 1-8

SRAL XD System Technical Description

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

SRAL XD System Technical Description

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

ITP MWR Product Management

ISSUE/UPDATE: 5 October 2006

SOURCE: COO IPT MWR PM

5.2. Scheduling ........................................................................................................................ 0

1.2. Related Documents

1.3. Revision Information

Issue Date Author Notes

The following system configurations are available:

• (1+0) unprotected terminal

2.2. Indoor Unit

Outdoor Access Unit

2.2.1. IDU Plug-in

• Access Card : 16xE1, 32xE1, 1xE3+E1, 4x10/100BaseT + 8xE1

Q-LAN V-LAN V-BUS

2 Mbit/s I/O TRIBUTARIES 2 Mbit/s I/O TRIBUTARIES 9÷16

LAN 1 LAN 2 LAN 3 LAN 4

ALMs USER/Dext USER/Dext

IDU Plugin: cards and interfaces

Ref Description Functions

2.2.2. IDU SingleBoard2

The SingleBoard2 IDU adopts a monolithic architecture, consisting in a single replacement

Ref Description Functions

2.2.3. Outdoor Access Unit

2.3. Outdoor Unit

The Outdoor Unit (ODU) is in charge of the following tasks:

Three ODU versions are available:

2.3.1. Normal Density ODU

2.3.2. High Density / High Performance ODU

2.3.3. High Density enhanced ODU

ODU ND and HDe

2.4.1. Unprotected terminal

In this configuration the equipment consists of:

2.4.2 Protected terminal

Following options are available for protected configuration:

1+1 Hot Standby

(1+1)Hsby On Single Antenna

Alternatively, each ODU can be connected to an individual antenna.

(1+1)Hsby On Double Antennas

1+1 Frequency Diversity

VERTICAL (1+0) FRAME

BRAIDED COAXIAL CABLE

(1+0) Not Integrated

(1+1) Not integrated

(1+0) Not Integrated

This section describes the system main units.

3.1. IDU Plug-In

The IDU Plug-In adopts a modular architecture composed by:

3.1.1. Access Card

The Access card is responsible of the following tasks:

 Physical interface management of auxiliary channels (User/D external/Alarms) and Tributaries

Four versions are available:

 16xE1 Version: Traffic capacity up to 16xE1

Functional blocks of the IDU are shown in the following figure:

LoopBack CK Fault Line Stuffing BackPlane

DEmb from Controller

LoopBack AIS Line Dejjitter DeStuffing BackPlane

The unit carries out the following functions:

The unit also comprises all the circuitry necessary to:

Power Supply Secondary

Baseband Card functional architecture

Three BaseBand versions are available depending on Multiplexer functions:

3.2. IDU SingleBoard2

PS Tributary Control Section BaseBand

PS User/Dext TRIB Q-LAN V-LAN LCT ALM IF CABLE IF CABLE

Physical interface management of auxiliary channels (User/D external/Alarms) and Tributaries

16xE1 Version: Traffic capacity up to 16xE1

IDU-ODU interface management :

Modulation/Demodulation of base-band digital signal received/transmitted from/to the IDU

Supervision and configuration/management of the ODU

Management of the communication channel from/to IDU CONTROLLER

RF processing: Transmitting and receiving of the modulated signal

MicroWave Transceiver Front-end (MWTF): equips the microwave transmitter, receiver,

Fully connected LAN ports:

Isolated LAN ports

Selective VLAN forwarding

Uplink VLAN ID tagging and Replacing

Equipment: System capacity, Modulation Format, Operating channel, RF channel plan,