ramp input: page1..

y=input('Enter the length of the ramp sequence:');

t=1:1:y;
subplot(1,1,1);
stem(t,t);
ylabel('Amplitude');
xlabel('|a|n');
title('Ramp Signal');

sine wave:

t=0:.01:pi;
y=sin(2*pi*t);
subplot(1,1,1);
stem(t,y);
ylabel('Amplitude');
xlabel('|a|n');
title('Sine Signal');

step signals:

n=input('Enter the N value:');

t=0:1:n-1;
y=ones(1,n);
subplot(1,1,1);
stem(t,y);
ylabel('Amplitude');
xlabel('|a|n');
title('Step Signal');

cosine wave

t=0:.01:pi;
y=cos(2*pi*t);
subplot(1,1,1);
stem(t,y);
ylabel('Amplitude');
xlabel('|a|n');
title('cosine Signal');

exponential wave:

n=input('Enter the value:');

t=0:1:n-1;
a=input('Enter the value of a:');
y=exp(a*t); page2..
subplot(1,1,1);
stem(t,y);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('|a|n');
title('Exponential Signal');

impulse input:

t=-4:1:4;
y=[zeros(1,4),ones(1,1),zeros(1,4)];
subplot(1,1,1);
stem(t,y);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('|a|n');
title('Unit Impulse Signal');

circular convolution:

clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=[1,2,3];
h=[2,3,1];
x=x';
h=h';
z=[h,circshift(h,1),circshift(h,2),circshift(h,3)];
y=z*x;
subplot(3,3,1);
stem(x);
subplot(3,3,2);
stem(h);
subplot(3,3,3);
stem(y);
xlabel('sequence');
ylabel('amp----->');

linear convolution

x=[1,2,1];
h=[1,2];
y=conv(x,h);
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(x);
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(h);
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(y); page3..
xlabel('sequence---->');
ylabel('amp------->');

deconvolution

x=[1,2,1];
h=[1,2];
y=deconv(x,h);
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(x);
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(h);
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(y);
xlabel('sequence---->');
ylabel('amp------->');

Sampling:
fs1=50;
t1=0:1/fs1:1;
y1=5*sin(2*pi*5*t1);
stem(t1,y1);
title('sampling theorem');
aliasing:
Clear all:
t=-10:1:10;
T=4;
Fm=1/T;
x=cos(2*pi*fm*t);
fs1=1.6*fm;
fs2=2*fm;
n1=-4:1:4;
xn1=cos(2*pi*n1*fm/fs1);
Subplot (2,2,1);
Plot (t,x);
xlabel('time in sec');
ylabel('x(t)'); page4..
title ('continous tine signal');
subplot (2,2,2);
stem(n1,xn1);
hold on;
subplot(2,2,2);
plot(n1,xn1);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x(n)');
title('discrete signal with fs<fm');
n2=-5:1:5;
xn2=cos(2*pi*n2*fm/fs2);
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(n2,xn2);
hold on;
subplot(2,2,3);
plot(n2,xn2);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x(n)');
title('discrete time signal with fs=fm');
n3=-20:1:20;
xn3=cos(2*pi*n3*fm/fs2);
subplot(2,2,4);
stem(n3,xn3);
hold on;
subplot(2,2,4);
plot(n3,xn3);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x(n)');
title('discrete signal with fs>fm');

fft

clc;
clear all;
close all;
xn=[1 1 1];
N=16;
xk=fft(xn,N);
magxk=abs(xk);
avgxk=angle(xk);
k=0:1:N-1;
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(k,magxk);
xlabel('k'); page5…
ylabel('|x(k)|');
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(k,avgxk);
xlabel('k');
ylabel('avgx(k)')

ifft:

clc;
clear all;
close all;
xn=[1 1 1];
N=16;
xk=ifft(xn,N);
magxk=abs(xk);
avgxk=angle(xk);
k=0:1:N-1;
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(k,magxk);
xlabel('k');
ylabel('|x(k)|');
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(k,avgxk);
xlabel('k');
ylabel('avgx(k)');

Kaiser window

clc;
clear all;
close all;
alpha=0.1;
alphas=44;
ws=30;wp=20;
wsf=100;
B=ws-wp;
wc=0.5*(ws+wp);
wcr=wc*2*pi/wsf;
D=(alphas-7.95)/14.36;
N=ceil((wsf*D/B)+1);
alpha=(N-1)/2;
gamma=(0.5842*(alphas-21)^(0.4)+0.07886*(alphas-21));
n=0:1:N-1;
hd=sin(wcr*(n-alpha))/(pi*(n-alpha)); page6…
bd(alpha+1)=0.5;
wk=(kaiser(N,gamma));
hn=hd*wk;
w=0:0.01:pi;
h=freqz(hn,1,w);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(w/pi,20*log10(abs(h)));
title('Kaiser window');
ylabel('magnitude in db');
xlabel('normalised frequency');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(w/pi,angle(h));
ylabel('magnitude in db');
xlabel('normalised frequency');

windows:

clc;
clear all;
close all;
figure(1);
wc=0.5*pi;
N=10;
alpha=(N-10)/2;
eps=0.001;
h=0:1:N-1;
hd=sin(wc*(h-alpha+eps))/(pi*(h-alpha+eps));
wr=boxcar(N);
hn=hd*wr;
w=0:0.01:pi;
h=freqz(hn,1,w);
plot(w/pi,abs(h));
hold on;
figure(2);
wh=hanning(N);
hn=wh*hd;
w=0:0.01:pi;
h=freqz(hn,1,w);
plot(w/pi,abs(h),'-');
grid;
ylabel('magnitude');
xlabel('normalised frequency');
hold off; page7…
figure(3);
whn=hamming(N);
hn=hd*whn;
w=0:0.01:pi;
hn=freqz(hn,1,w);
plot(w/pi,abs(h),'-');
grid;
hold off;
figure(4);
wb=blackman(N);
hn=hd*wb;
w=0:0.01:pi;
hn=freqz(hn,1,w);
plot(w/pi,abs(h),'-');
grid;
ylabel('magnitude');
xlabel('normalised frequency');
hold off;

butterworth bandpass filter

clc;
clear all;
close all;
alphap=2;
alphas=20;
wp=[0.2*pi,0.4*pi];
ws=[0.1*pi,0.5*pi];
[n,wn]=buttord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn);
w=0:0.01:pi;
[b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log(abs(b));
an=angle(b);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(pb/pi,m);
grid;
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('gain in db');
title('Butterworth band pass filter');
subplot(2,1,2); page8..
plot(pb/pi,an);
grid;
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('phase in radians');

butterworth highpass filter

clc;
clear all;
close all;
alphap=0.4;
alphas=30;
fp=400;
fs=800;
F=2000;
omp=2*fp/F;oms=2*fs/F;
[n,wn]=buttord(omp,oms,alphap,alphas);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'high');
w=0:0.01:pi;
[n,om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=abs(n);
an=angle(n);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,20*log(m));
grid;
title('Butterworth high pass filter');
ylabel('gain in db');
xlabel('normalized frequency');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
grid;
ylabel('phase radius');
xlabel('normalized frequency');

band pass band reject filter

clc;
clear all;
close all;
alphap=2;
alphas=20;
wp=[0.2*pi,0.4*pi];
ws=[0.1*pi,0.5*pi];
[n,wn]=buttord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas); page9…
[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'stop');
w=0:0.01:pi;
[b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log(abs(b));
an=angle(b);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(pb/pi,m);
grid;
title('Butterworth band reject filter');
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('gain in db');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(pb/pi,an);
grid;
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('phase in radians');

butterworth low passfilter

clc;
clear all;
close all;
alphap=0.4;
alphas=30;
fp=400;
fs=800;
F=2000;
omp=2*fp/F;oms=2*fs/F;
[n,wn]=buttord(omp,oms,alphap,alphas);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn);
w=0:0.01:pi;
[n,om]=freqz(b,a,w,'whole');
m=abs(n);
an=angle(n);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,20*log(m));
grid;
title('Butterworth low pass filter');
xlabel('normalized frequency');
ylabel('gain in db');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an); page10…
grid;
ylabel('phase radius');
xlabel('normalized frequency');

chebychev type1-bandpassfilter:

clc;
clear all;
close all;
alphap=2;
alphas=20;
wp=[0.2*pi,0.4*pi];
ws=[0.1*pi,0.5*pi];
[n,wn]=buttord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas);
[b,a]=cheby1(n,alphap,wn);
w=0:0.01:pi;
[b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log(abs(b));
an=angle(b);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(pb/pi,m);
grid;
title('Chebychev type-1 band pass flter');
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('gain in db');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(pb/pi,an);
grid;
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('phase in radians');

chebychev type1-lowpassfilter:

clc;
clear all;
close all;
alphap=1;
alphas=15;
wp=0.2*pi;
ws=0.3*pi;
[n,wn]=cheb1ord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas);
[b,a]=cheby1(n,alphap,wn); page11…
w=0:0.01:pi;
[b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log(abs(b));
an=angle(b);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(pb/pi,m);
grid;
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('gain in db');
title('Chebychev type-1 low pass flter');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(pb/pi,an);
grid;
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('phase in radians');

chebychev type2-bandrejectfilter:

clc;
clear all;
close all;
alphap=2;
alphas=20;
wp=[0.2*pi,0.4*pi];
ws=[0.1*pi,0.5*pi];
[n,wn]=cheb2ord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas);
[b,a]=cheby2(n,alphas,wn,'stop');
w=0:0.01:pi;
[b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log(abs(b));
an=angle(b);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(pb/pi,m);
grid;
title('Chebychev type-2 band reject filter');
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('gain in db');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(pb/pi,an);
grid;
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('phase in radians');

chebychev type2-lowpassfilter: page12…

clc;
clear all;
close all;
alphap=1;
alphas=20;
wp=0.2*pi;
ws=0.3*pi;
[n,wn]=cheb2ord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas);
[b,a]=cheby2(n,alphas,wn);
w=0:0.01:pi;
[b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log(abs(b));
an=angle(b);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(pb/pi,m);
grid;
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('gain in db');
title('Chebychev type-2 low pass flter');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(pb/pi,an);
grid;
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('phase in radians');