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NOMINA ROMANA

Praenomen: 1st name Nomen: 2nd name Cognomen (name of gens/clan) Gaius Julius Caesar, called Gaius at home of the Caesar clan. Daughters named after fathers Nomen.

Roman DATES
Kalends: 1st of the month Nones: 5 (or 7th) Ides: 13 or (15th) In July, October, March and May, the Nones are on the 7th and the Ides on the 15th Day 753 Ab Urbe Condita (LIVY)

HISTORY
Greek Tradition Homer, epic poet Iliad: Trojan War with Agamemnon Greek leader, Achilles great Greek warrior defeats Hector (Trojan Warrior) Greeks when with Trojan Horse Odyssey

Roman Tradition
Vergil, epic poet Trojan leader, Aeneas wanders Mediterranean after Trojan War, like Odysseus/ulysses as a hero fated to found the Roman race. Stops in Carthage, has affair with Queen Dido who later commits suicide (Future Punic wars)

Roman Tradition
Aeneas travels to Underworld to see his dad Anchises (mother is Venus) and discovers that through the god of war, that the future Romans will be of Italian/Trojan blood, and they will conquer the world and subjugate it with laws and mercy. 1st half of Aeneid is like the Odyssey 2nd half is like Iliad with great wars: Aeneas married foregn bride (Lavinia) and fights with her fiancee (Turnus) Aeneas 14th great grandchildren are Romulus and Remus

Romulus & Remus

Romulus & Remus


Before their lives began, Romulus and Remus's grandfather Numitor and his brother Amulius received the throne of Alba Longa upon their fathers death. Numitor received the sovereign powers as his birth right while Amulius received the royal treasury, including the gold Aeneas brought with him from Troy. But because Amulius held the treasury, thus having more power than his brother, he dethroned Numitor as the rightful king. Out of fear that Numitors daughter, Rhea Silvia, would produce children that would one day overthrow him as king, he forced Rhea to become a Vestal Virgin, priestesses sworn to celibacy.

Romulus & Remus


However, one night Mars, the god of war, came to Rhea in the temple of Vesta and she bore him two twin boys of remarkable size and beauty, later named Romulus and Remus. Amulius was enraged and had Rhea placed in prison and ordered the death of the twins by exposure. However, the servant ordered to kill the twins could not. He placed the two in a cradle and laid the cradle on the banks of the Tiber river and went away. The river, which was in flood, rose and gently carried the cradle and the twins downstream.

Romulus & Remus


Romulus and Remus were rescued by the river god Tiberinus and placed the twins upon the Palatine Hill. There, they were nursed by a she-wolf underneath a fig-tree and were fed by a woodpecker, two animals that were sacred to Mars. Romulus and Remus were then discovered by Faustulus, a shepherd for Amulius, who brought the children to his home. Faustulus and his wife, Acca Larentia, raised the boys as their own.

Founding Of Rome
Roman historian Livy wrote Ab Urbe Condita: From the Founding of Rome. It includes how Romulus killed Remus in 753 BC, became 1st king, conquered the Sabines and captured their women, and was deified into Quirinus at the end of his reign.

Etruscans
Etruscans contribute among all that has been discovered through these various times and means of investigation and excavation, there are no Etruscan literary works or historical accounts. There are, however, many writing samples carved on tombs. The Etruscan writing system is unique in that its letters come from the Greek alphabet, yet its grammatical structure is unlike any other European language. The epitaphs usually tell of the person's name, class, occupation, and also sometimes delineate whom he or she was related to, thus enabling experts to elicit certain genealogies.

Etruscan Augury
Etruscan books of divination, that is, the practice of foretelling the future, and determining the will of the gods through signs. The Etruscans followed three books of divination concerned with reading entrails of animals, lightning, and the flight patterns of birds respectively.

Etruscan Mythology
The Etruscans myths were heavily influenced by the Greeks, mainly the fact that their gods possessed human attributes and dispositions. The Etruscans often combined Greek influences with stories of their own. There is also mythology purely Etruscan, in accordance with which many cults gathered in dedication to their gods. In Etruscan religion, the realms occupied by humans and by the gods are very specific, and their practices followed very exact procedures to avoid ill will of the gods.

Etruscan influence
12 Tables: Roman law Chariot racing Augury Kings: Tarquinius Priscus and the last king Tarquinius Superbus Latin cultures soon united with some of the Greek settlements, and in 504 BC, the Etruscans were driven from Latium when their army was defeated.

Beginning of the Republic 509 BC, BRUTUS

Rape of Lucretia
Read the story hear of how Collatinus and Brutus overthrow Tarquin the proud after his son Sextus Tarquinius rapes Collatinus wife Lucretia (who later commits suicide) here: http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Rape_of_L ucretia

Horatius
Horatius is renowned as the heroic leader of the Roman forces against the Etruscans & tarquinius Superbus. He deliberately stood alone against the Etruscans on a bridge over the Tiber that the Romans were destroying from their side. In the end, when the bridge was destroyed, Horatius jumped into the Tiber and swam (in his armor) to safety. The story is told in the Second Book of Livy.

Cincinnatus
Retired general, who was called from farming to become a dictator for the proper 6 months in 458 BC to fight the Aequi. He returned back to farming afterwards.

PUNIC WARS
3 punic wars : Rome vs Carthage 1st: 264-241 BC 2nd: 218-201: Hannibal travels with Elephants across Alps. Kills many Romans at the Battle of Cannae. Defeated by Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Xamae 3rd: 149 146 BC. Romans win, sew salt in Carthage

Cato the censor


Morality police! Hated Carthage--led its destruction

Marius & Sulla


Rise of personal armies. These men fought each other in civil wars and killed many Italians Read more here: http://www.yaggyslatin.com/Mariusandsull a.html

1st triumvirate
Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey

2nd triumvirate
Marc Antony, Octavian (Augustus) and Lepidus

Battle of Actium
Octavian defeats Marc Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC. End of Civil Wars Empire, Roman Peace, Augustus starts in 27 BC.

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