HYDROLOGY

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definition
Hydrology treats of the waters of the Earth, their occurrence, circulation and distribution, their chemical and physical properties, and their reaction with the environment, including their relation to living things.
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Engineering hydrology includes those segments of the field pertinent to planning, design, and operation of engineering projects for the control and use of water.

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The Hydrologic Cycle

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The hydrologic cycle is a convenient means for delineating the scope of hydrology as that portion between precipitation on the land and the return of this water to the atmosphere or ocean. ocean.
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The cycle also emphasizes the four phases of interest to the hydrologist:  Precipitation  Evaporation and transpiration  Surface streamflow  Groundwater
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Hydrology in Engineering

Hydrology is used in engineering mainly in connection with the design and operation of hydraulic structures.

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Hydrology in Engineering


What flood flows can be expected over a spillway, at a highway culvert, or in an urban storm drainage system? What reservoir capacity is required to assure adequate water for irrigation or municipal water supply during droughts?
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Hydrology in Engineering

What effect will reservoirs, levees, and other control works exert on flood flows in a stream? What are reasonable boundaries for the flood plain?

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Typical Hydrological Problems



Estimates of extremes rarely observed in a small data sample Hydrologic characteristics at locations where no data have been collected Estimates of the effects of human actions on the hydrologic characteristics of an area
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