5&ZeQ+'

Y'oHT>Y6
Smarandache x℄nG%6
Z5a
Linfan MAO
Chinese Construction
Project Bidding Technique & Cases Analyzing
Smarandache Multi-Space Model of Bidding

Xiquan Publishing House

Chinese Branch
2006
  
}Ez_77H !m\g\/EHUB1GX%4
0Q 100080/100044
maolinfan@163.com

6([fR,(Z(pIU?Z7
-Smarandache x℄nG%6

Linfan MAO

Academy of Mathematics and Systems

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing 100080, P.R.China
maolinfan@163.com

Chinese Construction
Project Bidding Technique & Cases Analyzing
Smarandache Multi-Space Model of Bidding

Xiquan Publishing House

Chinese Branch
2006
This book can be ordered in a paper bound reprint from:

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http://wwwlib.umi.com/bod

Peer Reviewers:
Y.P.Liu,Department of Applied Mathematics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing
100044, P.R.China.
F.Tian, Academy of Mathematics and Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei-
jing 100080, P.R.China.
M.Wang, Guoxin Tendering Co.,LTD, Beijing 100044, P.R.China.
X.Huang, Guoxin Tendering Co.,LTD, Beijing 100044, P.R.China.

Copyright 2006 by Xiquan Publishing House and Linfan Mao

Chinese Branch

Many books can be downloaded from the following Digital Library of Science:

http://www.gallup.unm.edu/∼smarandache/eBooks-otherformats.htm

ISBN: 1-59973-007-3

Standard Address Number: 297-5092

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Z 1 { b -   } ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
§1 b - FÆ: -ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Zb -  ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
 b - : -Li P T o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
x-   } LE }F`} Li P T o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
§2 -   } Ly  Ci\4C i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Zb  } Ly CHC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
  T - iL  }`}  FÆ s =  CHC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
xb  } Lz - 8  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
§3 -   } ( ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Z-   } A( ^ ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
 b -  ) } A( ^ Li P T o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
§4 -   }b& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
§5  }r v 0X5: - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Z }r v : - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
  }X5: - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Z 2 {  }r L S005 7= 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
§1 ;   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Zr L ;   ℄^ | vL O !E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
 ;  r~S005 7= 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
§2  } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Z } ℄^ | vL !E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
  }r~S005 7= 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
§3 }P  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
Z}P L 9^ T o0 ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
 r~}P   ℄^ | vL !E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
yJ v

Z 3 { -   } 0 S005 7= 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
§1  }  F  }  X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
ZbP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
  ;    2  }  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
§2 ;  X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Z; L  0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
 ;  .OX5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
§3 b K ; 7 0} U r L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
ZT Lb\oH Lls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
 b K ; 7L r L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
xb} U o L r L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
§4  }X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Z } L r L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
  }X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
§5 SB|80  } ( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
ZSB|8 LEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
 SB|8 L  0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
§6 t}0} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Zt} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
 } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
§7 }.O A 0X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Z}.O A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
 }T }.OX5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
§8 n[8 m 0n[X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Zn[8 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
 n[X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Z 4 { -   }`5 7 0 = 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
§1  }` ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Z`~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
  }Qb L   C E  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
x }` Ly ℄e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
` E  L=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
§2 y C ℄ -  }+ o  -L L 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
vi [6b& {3t9y
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 `} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
x}F& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
 }`}r:  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
§3 b  }` L- 0b& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Z`b& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
 ` E gF` 3 u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
x }` L 5 f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
§4 P 2 ` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166
ZP 2 `> #L A~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
 P 2 ` L- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
x   }   s q L O !E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
§5 ;  .O`0 = 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Z;  .O` L A~ = 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
 ;  ` L- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
x;  Qb T  s q L O !E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
§6  }.O`0 = 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Z }.O` L A~ = 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
  }.O` L- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
x }Qb T  s q L O !E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
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Abstract. There is a bidding law and regulation system in China. For getting or issue
a contract, a contractor or an employer should understand all these laws and regulations
first and then know how they work. This book contains the main materials of this kind for
a construction contract, and contains four chapters. Chapter 1 is a survey of bidding for a
construction contact. The laws and regulations for bidding in China are interpreted in this
chapter. A Smarandache multi-space model for bidding is constructed which is applied in
Chapter 2. Chapters 2 and 3 are the main body of this book. In Chapter 2 we show how
to compile a qualification document, a bidding document or a report of bid evaluation
committee. Chapter 3 is an introduction to a complete programming of bidding in China.
The last chapter is about the increasingly complaints for bids. The cause and handling
method are explained and cases are analyzed. Some exercises are presented in the final
part of this book. For convenience, the Chinese bidding law and 7 useful regulations for
construction contacts are included in the appendix.