Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Waveforms

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Performance Parameters
Average value of the output voltage, Vdc Average value of the output current, Idc Output dc power, Pdc
Pdc = VdcIdc

rms value of the output voltage, Vrms Output ac power, Pac

Pac = VrmsIrms
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Performance Parameters (continued)

Efficiency,
= Pdc/Pac

Effective (rms) value of the ac component of the output voltage, Vac

Vac = Vrms2 Vdc2 FF = Vrms/Vdc

Form factor, FF Ripple factor, RF

RF = Vac/Vdc
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Performance Parameters (continued)

Alternate form for ripple factor
V R F ! ( )  1 ! FF  1 V
rms 2 2 dc

Transformer utilization factor, TUF

TUF = Pdc/VsIs Vs, Is are rms voltage and current of the transformer secondary
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Input Voltage and Current

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Performance Parameters (continued)

Displacement angle, Displacement Factor, DF
DF = cos( )

Harmonic Factor, HF

I I I HF ! ( ) ! ( )  1 I I
2 2 s s1 1 2 s 2 2 s1 s1
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1 2

Performance Parameters (continued)

Power Factor, PF

VI I PF ! cos * ! cos * VI I
s s1 s1 s s s

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Performance Parameters (continued)

Crest Factor, CF

CF !

s ( peak )

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Example 3.1
Determine , FF, RF, TUF, PIV of the diode, CF of the input current, input PF.

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Determine the Average Voltage, Vdc

1 V ! v (t )dt T 1 V ! V sin [tdt T [T V  1) V ! (cos [T 2

T dc 0 L T 2 dc 0 m m dc

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1 f ! T [ ! 2T f V ! 0.318V V ! T 0.318V V ! I ! R R
m dc dc dc m

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Determine the rms Voltage, Vrms

V
rms

1 v (t )dt ! T
T 2 0 L T 2 0 m

1 2

1 (V sin [t ) dt V ! T V V ! ! 0.5V 2 0.5V V I ! ! R R

2 rms m rms m rms m rms

1 2

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Determine Pdc, Pac, and

(0.318V ) P ! R (0.5V ) P ! R (0.318V ) L! ! 40.5% (0.5V )

2 m dc 2 m ac 2 m 2 m
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Determine FF and RF

V 0.5V ! FF ! V 0.318V FF ! 1.57 ! 157%

rms m dc

R F ! FF  1
2

R F ! 1.57  1 ! 1.21 ! 121%

2

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Determine the TUF

1 (V sin [t ) dt ! V ! 0.707V V ! T 2 0.5V I !I ! R (0.318V ) P R ! T UF ! 0.5V VI (0.707V )( ) R T UF ! 0.286
T 2 m s 0 m m s load 2 m dc s s m m 1 2 m

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Determine the PIV

PIV is the maximum (peak) voltage that appears across the diode when reverse biased. Here, PIV = Vm.

PIV +

+
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Determine CF
CF ! I s ( peak ) Is

Vm I s ( peak ) ! R 0.5Vm Is ! R Vm CF ! R ! 2 0.5Vm R

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Determine PF

Pac PF ! cos * ! VA 2 (0.5Vm ) R ! 0.707 PF ! 0.5Vm (0.707Vm )( ) R

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Summary Half-Wave Rectifier

RF=121% High Efficiency = 40.5 Low TUF = 0.286 Low
1/TUF = 3.496 transformer must be 3.496 times larger than when using a pure ac voltage source

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Half-Wave Rectifier with R-L Load

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Waveforms of Current and Voltage

Conduction period of D1 extends beyond

ECE 442 Power Electronics

t=
23

Average Output Voltage

Vm Vdc ! 2T
T W

sin [td ([t )

Vm T W Vdc ! ? cos [t A0 2T Vm Vdc ! ?1  cos(T  W )A 2T Vdc I dc ! R

Increase average voltage and current by making
ECE 442 Power Electronics

=0
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Waveforms with Dm installed

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Application as a Battery Charger

Diode conducts for vs > E, starting when Vmsin = E

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Waveforms for the Battery Charger

Diode turns off when vs < E (at = ) Charging current io = (vs E)/R io = (Vmsin t E)/R for < t <
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Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier

Center-Tapped Transformer
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Waveforms for the Full-Wave Rectifier

T 2

2 Vdc ! Vm sin [t T 0 2Vm Vdc ! T Vdc ! 0.636Vm

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Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier

PIV = 2Vm
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Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier

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Waveforms for the Full-Wave Bridge

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Full-Wave Bridge with Waveforms

Conduction pattern D1 D2 D3 D4

PIV = Vm
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