yu (sy5784) HW02 criss (014811) 1

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Multiple-choice questions may continue on
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before answering.
001 10.0 points
Highway safety engineers build soft barriers
so that cars hitting them will slow down at a
safe rate. A person wearing a safety belt can
withstand an acceleration of 300 m/s
2
.
How thick should barriers be to safely stop
a car that hits the barriers at 110 km/h?
Correct answer: 1.55607 m.
Explanation:
Let : a = 300 m/s
2
,
v
0
= 110 km/h , and
v
f
= 0 km/h.
A maximum deceleration will be experi-
enced in this collision, so
v
2
f
= v
2
0
2 a d = 0
v
2
0
= 2 a d
d =
v
2
0
2 a
=
(110 km/h)
2
2 (300 m/s
2
)
_
1000 m
1 km
_
2
_
1 h
3600 s
_
2
= 1.55607 m ,
the minimum thickness of the safety barrier (a
maximum value in a denominator will insure
a minimum quotient).
002 10.0 points
An engineer in a locomotive sees a car stuck
on the track at a railroad crossing in front of
the train. When the engineer rst sees the
car, the locomotive is 260 m from the crossing
and its speed is 26 m/s.
If the engineers reaction time is 0.46 s,
what should be the magnitude of the mini-
mum deceleration to avoid an accident?
Correct answer: 1.36268 m/s
2
.
Explanation:
Let : d = 260 m,
v = v
i
= 26 m/s , and
t = 0.46 s .
While the engineer reacts, the train moves
d = v t = (26 m/s) (0.46 s) = 11.96 m
forward, so it now has to decelerate to rest
within a displacement of
x = dd = 260 m11.96 m = 248.04 m, and
v
2
f
= v
2
i
+ 2 a x = 0
a =
v
2
i
2 x
=
(26 m/s)
2
2 (248.04 m)
= 1.36268 m/s
2
,
which has a magnitude of 1.36268 m/s
2
.
003 10.0 points
A ball is thrown vertically upward with an
initial speed of 28 m/s . Then, 1.4 s later, a
stone is thrown straight up (from the same
initial height as the ball) with an initial speed
of 41 m/s .
How far above the release point will the ball
and stone pass each other? The acceleration
of gravity is 9.8 m/s
2
.
Correct answer: 39.4014 m.
Explanation:
Let : v
b
= 28 m/s ,
v
s
= 41 m/s ,
t = 1.4 s , and
g = 9.8 m/s
2
.
The positions of the ball and stone, respec-
tively, are
y
b
= v
b
t +
1
2
g t
2
and
y
s
= v
s
(t t) +
1
2
g (t t)
2
= v
s
(t t)
+
1
2
g
_
t
2
2 t t + (t)
2

yu (sy5784) HW02 criss (014811) 2

The two balls pass one another when
y
b
= y
s
v
b
t = v
s
(t t) +
1
2
g
_
2 t t + (t)
2

t =
1
2
g t
2
v
s
t
v
b
+ g t v
s
.
Since
v
b
+ g t v
s
= 28 m/s + (9.8 m/s
2
) (1.4 s)
41 m/s
= 26.72 m/s , then
t =
g (t)
2
2 v
s
t
2 (v
b
+ g t v
s
)
=
(9.8 m/s
2
) (1.4 s)
2
2 (26.72 m/s)

(41 m/s) (1.4 s)

26.72 m/s
= 2.50763 s .
Using the position equation of the ball,
y
b
= v
b
t +
1
2
g t
2
= (28 m/s) (2.50763 s)
+
1
2
(9.8 m/s
2
) (2.50763 s)
2
= 39.4014 m ,
or of the stone
y
s
= v
s
(t t) +
1
2
g (t t)
2
= (41 m/s) (1.10763 s)
+
1
2
(9.8 m/s
2
) (1.10763 s)
2
= 39.4014 m.
004 10.0 points
A owerpot falls from the ledge of an apart-
ment building. A person in an apartment
below, coincidentally holding a stopwatch, no-
tices that it takes 0.1 s for the pot to fall past
his window, which is 14 m high.
How far above the top of the window is the
ledge from which the pot fell? The accelera-
tion of gravity is 9.81 m/s
2
.
Correct answer: 991.993 m.
Explanation:
Let : t
win
= 0.1 s ,
h
win
= 14 m, and
g = 9.81 m/s
2
.
Using a constant-acceleration equation, ex-
press the distance y below the ledge from
which the pot fell as a function of time:
y = y
0
+ v
0
+
1
2
g t
2
=
1
2
g t
2
since v
0
= y
0
= 0. The distance to the top is
y
top
=
1
2
g t
2
top
and to the bottom
y
bottom
=
1
2
g (t
top
+ t
win
)
2
,
where t
win
= t
bottom
t
top
.
y
win
=
1
2
g [(t
top
+ t
win
)
2
t
2
top
]
=
1
2
g (2 t
top
t
win
) +
1
2
g (t
win
)
2
t
top
=
y
win
g t
win

1
2
t
win
=
14 m
(9.81 m/s
2
) (0.1 s)

1
2
(0.1 s)
= 14.2212 s and
y
top
=
1
2
(9.81 m/s
2
) (14.2212 s)
2
= 991.993 m .
005 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
A particle moves in the xy plane with constant
acceleration. At time zero, the particle is at
x = 8.5 m, y = 3.5 m, and has velocity v
o
=
(8.5 m/s) + (6 m/s) . The acceleration is
given by a = (6 m/s
2
) + (6.5 m/s
2
) .
yu (sy5784) HW02 criss (014811) 3
What is the x component of velocity after
9 s?
Correct answer: 62.5 m/s.
Explanation:
Let : a
x
= 6 m/s
2
,
v
xo
= 8.5 m/s , and
t = 9 s .
After 9 s,
v
x
= v
xo
+a
x
t
= (8.5 m/s) + (6 m/s
2
) (9 s)
= (62.5 m/s) .
006 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
What is the y component of velocity after 9 s?
Correct answer: 52.5 m/s.
Explanation:
Let : a
y
= 6.5 m/s
2
and
v
yo
= 6 m/s .
v
y
= v
yo
+a
y
t
= (6 m/s) + (6.5 m/s
2
) (9 s)
= (52.5 m/s) .
007 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
What is the magnitude of the displacement
from the origin (x = 0 m, y = 0 m) after 9 s?
Correct answer: 390.956 m.
Explanation:
Let : d
o
= (8.5 m, 3.5 m) ,
v
o
= (8.5 m/s, 6 m/s) , and
a = (6 m/s
2
, 6.5 m/s
2
) .
From the equation of motion,

d =

d
o
+v
o
t +
1
2
a t
2
=
_
(8.5 m) + (3.5 m)
_
+ [(8.5 m/s) + (6 m/s) ] (9 s)
+
1
2
_
(6 m/s
2
) + (6.5 m/s
2
)
_
(9 s)
2
= (328 m) + (212.75 m) , so
|

d| =
_
d
2
x
+ d
2
y
=
_
(328 m)
2
+ (212.75 m)
2
= 390.956 m .
008 (part 1 of 5) 10.0 points
A rock is projected from the edge of the top of
a building with an initial velocity of 23.6 m/s
at an angle of 31

above the horizontal. The

rock strikes the ground a horizontal distance
of 81 m from the base of the building.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s
2
.
Assume: The ground is level and that the
side of the building is vertical. Neglect air
friction.
What is the horizontal component of the
rocks velocity when it strikes the ground?
Correct answer: 20.2291 m/s.
Explanation:
Basic Concepts:
v
x
= v
x0
= constant
v
y
= v
y0
g t
x = v
x
t
y = v
y0
t
1
2
g t
2
Solution:
The horizontal (x) component of the veloc-
ity is constant and equals
v
x
= v
0
cos = 20.2291 m/s.
009 (part 2 of 5) 10.0 points
How long does the rock remain airborne?
yu (sy5784) HW02 criss (014811) 4
Correct answer: 4.00412 s.
Explanation:
The ying time can then be determined by
x = v
x
t .
Therefore
t =
x
v
x
=
x
v
0
cos
=
81 m
(23.6 m/s) cos 31

= 4.00412 s .
010 (part 3 of 5) 10.0 points
How tall is the building?
Correct answer: 29.892 m.
Explanation:
From the point where the rock was pro-
jected (set here to be the origin O), the y-
coordinate of the point where the rock strikes
the ground is y = h, so
h = v
y
0
t +
1
2
g t
2
= v
0
sin
_
x
v
0
cos
_
+
1
2
g
_
x
v
0
cos
_
2
= x tan +
g x
2
2 (v
0
cos )
2
= (81 m) tan31

+
(9.8 m/s
2
)(81 m)
2
2 [(23.6 m/s) cos 31

]
2
= 29.892 m.
011 (part 4 of 5) 10.0 points
What is the vertical component of the rocks
velocity when it strikes the ground?
Correct answer: 27.0855 m/s.
Explanation:
The vertical component of the velocity
when the rock strikes the ground can be de-
termined using
v
y
= v
y0
g t
= v
0
sin g
_
x
v
0
cos
_
= (23.6 m/s) sin 31

g
_
81 m
(23.6 m/s) cos 31

_
= (12.1549 m/s)
(9.8 m/s
2
)(4.00412 s)
= 27.0855 m/s .
012 (part 5 of 5) 10.0 points
What is the magnitude of the rocks velocity
when it strikes the ground?
Correct answer: 33.806 m/s.
Explanation:
The magnitude of a vector is the square root
of the sum of the squares of its components.
Therefore
v =
_
v
2
x
+ v
2
y
=
_
(20.2291 m/s)
2
+ (27.0855 m/s)
2
= 33.806 m/s .
013 10.0 points
An airport has runways only 135 m long. A
small plane must reach a ground speed of
40 m/s before it can become airborne.
What average acceleration must the planes
engines provide if it is to take o safely from
its airport?
Correct answer: 5.92593 m/s
2
.
Explanation:
Let : x = 135 m,
v = 40 m/s , and
v
0
= 0 m/s .
yu (sy5784) HW02 criss (014811) 5
v
2
= v
2
0
+ 2 a x = 2 a x
a =
v
2
2 x
=
(40 m/s)
2
2 (135 m)
= 5.92593 m/s
2
.