UNIT 3 PUMPS & PUMPING SYSTEM

LECTURE - 1

TYPES OF PUMPS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP CONSTRUCTION IMPORTANT PARAMETERS OF SYSTEM FLOW, HEAD, PUMP CURVE, SYSTEM CURVE, OPERATING POINT HYDRAULIC POWER, PUMP SHAFT POWER, MOTOR POWER, EFFICIENCY NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD - SIGNIFICANCE

INTRODUCTION PUMPS
VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF PUMPS LIFT WATER / FLUID FROM LOWER ELEVATION TO HIGHER ELEVATION FLUID / WATER SUPPLY PUMPS CIRCULATION PUMPS PRESSURE BOOSTING PUMPS FLUIDS CAN BE VARIOUS QUALITIES OF WATER PUMPS CAN BE WASTE WATER SINGLE STAGE PASTES / SLUDGE MULTI-STAGE EXPLOSIVE FLUIDS ETC. TYPES OF PUMPS DYNAMIC PUMPS FLOW IS CREATED BY ROTATION OF IMPELLER CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IS A DYNAMIC FLOW CHANGES SIGNIFICANTLY WITH HEAD MOST COMMONLY USED PUMP IN INDUSTRY DISPLACEMENT PUMPS POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT OF FLUID CONSTANT FLOW AT FIXED SPEED TYPES OF DISPLACEMENT PUMPS ARE RECIPROCATING AND ROTARY USED FOR CERTAIN APPLICATIONS GENERALLY MORE EFFICIENT THAN CENTRIFUGAL BUT GENERALLY HIGHER INITIAL AND MAINTENANCE COST

INTRODUCTION CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

TYPICAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

COMPONENTS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Inlet Flange & inlet : Guides fluid to impeller eye Impeller : Primary rotating component which influences pump performance Couplings, Drives : Electric motor drives the impeller though coupling Seals : Ensures that water does not leave from the pump Casing : Houses the impeller Volute, Diffuser & Outlet flange : Volute helps to convert kinetic energy to pressure energy

PARAMETERS OF PUMPING SYSTEM PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVES

CHARACTERISTIC CURVE (HEAD-FLOW)
Q H curve shows the head (H) as a function of flow (Q)

PUMP CURVES AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS BEST EFFICIENCY POINT OF A PUMP GENERAL PUMP PERFORMACE CURVE WITH FLOW, HEAD, POWER, EFFICIENCY AND NPSH

PARAMETERS OF PUMPING SYSTEM SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC CURVES

Static Head : Due to height difference Head is constant at different flows

Friction Head : Head due to pipes, fittings, bends etc. Head is proportional to square of flow

HIGH STATIC HEAD,LOW DYNAMIC HEAD

HIGH DYNAMIC HEAD & LOW STATIC HEAD

PARAMETERS OF PUMPING SYSTEM SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC CURVES

EFFECT OF SYSTEM PRESSURE DROP ON SYSTEM CURVE
PUMP CURVE & SYSTEM CURVE WITH OPERATING POINT PUMP SELECTION W.R.T. PUMP & SYSTEM CURVES

PARAMETERS OF PUMPING SYSTEM SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC CURVES

A : Unthrottled fully open B : Lower flow, Throttled C : Lower Flow, Lower R.P.M.

HYDRAULIC POWER, PUMP SHAFT POWER, ELECTRICAL POWER

HYDRAULIC POWER

PUMP SHAFT POWER & ELECTRICAL POWER

PUMP POWER CURVE AT DIFFERENT R.P.M.

NET POSTIVE SUCTION HEAD

NPSH is a term describing conditions related to cavitation, which is undesired and harmful. Cavitation is the creation of vapour bubbles in areas where the pressure locally drops to the fluid vapour pressure. The extent of cavitation depends on how low the pressure is in the pump. Cavitation generally lowers the head and causes noise and vibration. NPSHR stands for NPSH Required and is an expression of the lowest NPSH value required for acceptable operating conditions.

P(vapor) : Vapor pressure of fluid at operating temperature P (abs,tot,in) : Absolute pressure at inlet flange
EFFECT OF FLOW NPSHR INCREASES, SUCTION HEAD INCREASES SO NPSHA REDUCES EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE NPSHA DECREASES SIGNIFICANTLY AS VAPOR PRESSURE INCREASES WITH TEMP. EFFECT OF HEAD ON SUCTION SIDE OF PUMP INTRODUCTION OF VALVES, PIPING ON SUCTION SIDE DECREASES NPSHA