Rajvin Samuel Ponraj

yEmbryogenesis :
Organisation and development of the primary layers of the developing embryo After fertilization - sequential formation of three cell masses

y Organogenesis:

process in which segregatory cells become rudimentary organs

Derivatives of embryonic tissues

y Neural Crest

 Neural crest
y Corneal keratocytes, y Cornea endothelium y Trabecular meshwork, y Stroma of the iris and choroid, y Ciliary muscle, y Fibroblasts of the sclera, the vitreous, and the optic

nerve meninges., y Extraocular muscles, y Subepidermal layers of the eyelids.

 Surface ectoderm
y lens y the lacrimal gland y the epithelium of the cornea y conjunctiva y epidermis of the eyelids

 Neuro ectoderm
y optic vesicle and optic cup    

Retinal pigment epithelium Ciliary epithelium Iris muscles optic nerve fibers and glia.

Mesoderm
y Vitreous y Extra ocular & lid muscles y Orbital and ocular vascular endothelium

y 3 to 4 week stage of embryo

2 nd month stage of embryo

3 rd month stage of embryo

4 th month stage of embryo

5 th month to birth

At birth :
y y y y y y y

Anterior posterior diameter : 16.5 mm Anterior chamber shallow Lens - spherical Cornea diameter = 10 mm Orbit is divergent to 50 degrees Myelination occurs till lamina cribrosa Retina except macula is fully differentiated and formed

Post natal period :

y Fixation completed by 6 months y Macula formed by 6 months y Steropsis and accomadation by 6 months y Cornea reaches adult size by 2 years y Lens develops throughout life

RETINA
y It develops from the optic cup. y The outer layer of the optic cup is the pigment layer. y The neural layer is formed from the inner layer of the

optic cup.

MACULA
y It develops as a result of localized increase of

superimposed nuclei in the ganglion cell layer, lateral to the optic disc.

Optic nerve
Develops from glial cells of neuro ectodermal cells and axons fron ganglion cells with meningeal coverings forming the optic nerve sheets

Lens
y The posterior wall begin to elongate anteriorly

and form long fibers that gradually fill the lumen of the vesicle.
y The secondary lens fibres start from equator

region elongate towards anteriorly and soon detach to form the next lens fibre layer

y Migration of neural crest cells

y 1 st wave corneal and trabecular

endothelium
2 nd wave - corneal stroma 3 rd wave - Iris stroma

Vitreous
y Primary vitreous y Secondary vitreous y Tertiary vitreous

y SCLERA :

This tough outer fibrous coat is formed from the condensation of the mesenchyme around the optic cup CHOROID: This inner vascular layer is formed from the mesenchyme surrounding the optic vesicle.

y Ciliary glands and eyelashes develop as

outgrowths of epithelial buds

y Eyelid develop from surface ectoderm y Lacrimal glands develop as ectodermal buds

superolaterally into mesenchyme

y Lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct develop

from ectoderm - nasolacrimal furrow which gets burried into a cord

Summary of various part of the eye ball.

Part Lens Retina Vitreous Choroid Ciliary body Ciliary muscles Iris Muscles of the iris Sclera Cornea Conjunctiva Blood vessels Optic nerve Derived from Surface ectoderm Neuroectoderm (optic cup) Mesoderm Mesoderm (infiltrated by neural crest cells?) Mesoderm Mesenchymal cells covering the developing ciliary body (neural crest) Mesoderm Neuroectoderm (from optic cup) Mesoderm (infiltrated by neural crest cells?) Surface epithelium by ectoderm, substantia propria and inner epithelium by neural crest Surface ectoderm mesoderm Neuroectoderm. Its covering (pia, arachnoid and dura) are derived from mesoderm

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