ANALYTIC GEOMETRY PRELIMS REVIEWER (2 Sem; 2011) I. Distance of points 1.

d = (x2 - x1) + (y2 - y1)

2 2

nd

2 x = -6 + 3 (3 + 6) = 0 2 y = 2 + 3 (8 - 2) = 6 Q(0,6) b. The segment joining A(-4,3) and B(0,11) is extended through B a distance equal to thrice its own length. AP 4 AB = 1 x = -4 + 4(0 + 4) = 12 y = 3 + 4(11 - 3) = 35 P(12,35) Find the point which divides the segment from (-5,4) to (6,-2) in the ratio 2:3. 2 3 k=5 = 5 2 3 x = -5 + 5 (6 + 5) = 5 2 16 y = -4 + 5 (-2 + 4) = 5 3 8 x = -5 + 5 (6 + 5) = 5 3 24 y = -4 + 5 (-2 + 4) = 5 d. 8 24 P(5 , 5 ) 3 16 P(5 , 5 )

SAMPLES: a. Find the distance of (5,-2) and (-3,1) d = (5 - (-3)) + (-2-1) d = 73 units b. If the distance between (3,y) and (8,7) is 13, Find y. 13 = (8-3) + (7-y)
2 2 2 2 2 2

[ 13 = 25 + 49 - 14y + y ] 2 169 = 74 14y + y 2 0 = y 14y 95 (y 19)(y + 5) y = 19 or y = -5 The points may be (3,19) or (3,-5). c. If the point (x,4) is equidistant from (3,4) and (5,-2), find x. [ (3 - x) + (4 - 4) = (5 - x) + (-2-4) ] 2 2 9 6x + x = 61 10x + x 4x = 52 x = 13 P(13,4)
2 2 2 2 2

c.

II. Division of a Line Segment 2. 3. 4. AP k = AB x = x1 + k(x2 x1) y = y1 + k(y2 y1)

The segment joining (1,-3) and (4,-6) is extended a distance equal to 1/6 of its own length. Find the terminal point/s. The points may pass through either A or B kasi wala naming spinecify. 7 k=6 7 9 x = 1 + 6 (4 1) = 2 7 13 y = -3 + 6 (-6 + 3) = 2 7 1 x = 4 + 6 (1 4) = 2 7 5 y = -6 + 6 (-3 + 6) = 2 1 5 Q( 2 , 2 ) 9 13 P( 2 , 2 )

SAMPLES: a. Find the trisection points of the line joining A(-6,2) and B(3, 8). Lets represent the 2 other points with P & Q. For point P: 1 k=3 1 x = -6 + 3 (3 + 6) = -3 1 y = 2 + 3 (8 - 2) = 4 P(-3,4) For point Q: 2 k=3

e.

The segment joining (2,0) and (-2,-3) is extended a 4 distance equal to 5 of its own length. 9 k = 5 (again, there are 2 possible answers here) 9 26 x = -2 + 5 (2 + 2) = 5 9 12 y = -3 + 5 (0 + 3) = 5 9 26 x = 2 + 5 (-2 2) = 5 9 27 y = 0 + 5 (-3 + 0) = 5 26 27 Q( 5 , 5 ) 7. 26 12 P( 5 , 5 )

90 < < 180 m = (negative)

6.

m1 = m2

f.

The segment joining (2,-1) and (9,3) is divided into 3 two segments, one of which is 4 as long as the other . Find the point/s of division. 3 k=7 3 x = 2 + 7 (9-2) = 5 3 y = -4 + 7 (3 + 4) = -1 3 x = 9 + 7 (2 9) = 6 3 y = 3 + 7 (-4 3) = 0 Q(6, 0) P(5,-1)

1 m1 = m2

m2 - m1 8. tan = 1 + (m m ) 2 1

SAMPLES: a. The vertices of a triangle are at (2,5), (-5,3) and (-2,4). Find the interior angle at (2,5).
*note: Always move counterclockwise when assigning which is slope 1 and slop 2.

III. Slope of a Line 5. y2 - y1 m= x -x 2 1 * Tangent of the angle of inclination: tan90 = m=

5-3 2 m1 = 2 +5 = 7 -4 - 5 9 m2 = -2 - 2 = 4 9 2 4 7 55 tan = = 9 2 46 1 + 4 7 55 = Arctan 46

tan0 = 0 m=0

= 50.09

0 < < 90 m = + (positive)

b.

A line with an angle of inclination of 45 passes 5 9 through the points 2 2 . If the ordinate of a point on the line is 6, which is its abscissa? 9 6+2 m= 5 x+2 m = tan45 = 1 9 6+2 1= 5 x+2 5 9 2 [x + 2 = 6 + 2 ] 2x + 5 = 12 9 2x = 16 x=8

a.

Find the area of the given coordinates (5, 7), (2, 3), (-5, 2) *If we plot the points, we can now substitute the given coordinates starting from any point [for instance we start from (-5, 2)] (x1, y1) = (-5, 2) (x2, y2) = (2, 3) (x3, y3) = (5, 7) 1 A = 2 [ (x1y2 + x2y3 + x3y1) (y1x2 + y2x3 + y3x1) ] 1 A = 2 [ (-5*3 + 2*7 + 5*2) (2*2 + 3*5 + 7*-5) ] A = 12.5 sq units

V. Linear Equation - expressed as Ax + By + C = 0 where A and B cannot be both equal to zero. General Form Ax + By + C = 0 Standard Forms 1. Point-slope form y y1 = m(x x1) Two-point form y2 - y1 y y1 =( x - x )(x x1) 2 1 2. Slope-intercept form y = mx + b Where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. 3. Intercept form x y a + b=1

c.

A line through (-6, -7) & (x,7) is perpendicular to a line through (1,-4) and (-5,2). Find x. 2+4 m2 = -5 - 1 = -1 1 m1 = m 2 1 m1 = -1 m1 = 1 7+7 1=x+6 x=8

IV. Area of a triangle using the coordinates

1 A = 2 [ (x1y2 + x2y3 + x3y1) (y1x2 + y2x3 + y3x1) ] 4. Note: The arrangement of the given points is starting from any point going counter clockwise. SAMPLES:

Where a is the x-intercept and b is the y-intercept. Normal form xcos + ysin = p Where p is the distance of a point from the origin.

m2 - m1 tan = 1 + m m 2 1 Shortcuts: For any given line Ax + By + C = 0 4. By = -Ax C A C y = -B x - B A m = -B B m(perpendicular) = A SAMPLES: 1. Find the x-intercept of a line which is perpendicular to a line 3x + 4y + 8 = 0 and passes through a point (2, 1). B 4 m(perpendicular) = A = 3 4 y 1 = 3 (x 2) 4 8 01=3x-3 5 x=4 2. A line passes through A(-2, 5) and B(k, 1) and has xintercept of 3. Find k. C(3, 0) coordinate of the given x-intercept 5 5-1 mAC = -5 = -1 = -2-k = mAB k=2 3. Find the smallest angle between the lines 2x + y 8 = 0 and x + 3y + 4 = 0 (graph first by x and y intercept form) m1 = -2 m2 = -1/3 A line has an equation of 3x ky 8 = 0. Find the value of k if this line makes an angle of 45 degrees with the line 2x + 5y 17 = 0 (graph first) Let m1 = -2/5 = 45 degrees m2 = 3/k tan = 1 = arctan(1) = 45 degrees

Solving for k in this formula m2 - m1 tan = 1 + m m 2 1 And obtain k = 7 or Let m1 = 3/k = 45 degrees m2 = -2/5

Solving for k with the same formula, we obtain k = -9/7. 5. Find the equation of the altitude from vertex B to side AC of the triangle whose vertices are at A(3, 7), B(-2, 1) and C(5, -8). (Graph first) 7+8 mAC = 3 - 5 = -15/2 m(perpendicular) = 2/15 2 y 1 = 15 (x + 2) 15y 15 = 2x + 4 2x 15y + 19 = 0 Normal Form xcos + ysin = p Where is the inclination of the normal form from the positive x-axis and p is the distance of the line from the origin. Conversion of the General Form to Normal Form Ax + By + C = 0

(x, 0) coordinate of x-intercept

at P(-2, 1)

Ax + By = -C Divide both side by (2 + 2 ) Use + when C is + and use when C is -. SAMPLE: Transform x y + 3 = 0 into normal form. x y = -3 Divide both side by (2 + 2 ) = (12 + [1]2 ) or 2 3. = 2 2 1 1 3 + = 2 2 2 Where cos is
1 2

The answer for this problem will give two equations in this case. m = -2 since it is parallel to the given equation at point (1, 1) The equation will be 2x + y = 3 Divide both sides of the equation by (2 + 2 ) or 5 then add an the right side of the equation by 3. Final Answer: 2x + y = 3 3 Find the equation of the line perpendicular to 2x + 4y + 9 = 0 and passing at a distance of 1 from the point (2, 0). The answer for this problem will also give two equations in this case. and it is located in the m = 4/3 since it is parallel to the given equation at point (2, 0) The equation will be 4x 3y = 8 Divide both sides of the equation by (2 + 2 ) or 5 then add an the right side of the equation by 1. Final Answer: 4x 3y 3 = 0 and 4x 3y 13 = 0 V. Perpendicular Distance from a point to a line

,sin is
3

1 2

second quadrant in which the reference angle is 135 degrees. The value of p is
2

The equation in normal form is xcos135 + ysin135 =

0 0

APPLICATION SAMPLES: 1. Two sides of the square lie on x + 3y 9 = 0 and x + 3y + 7 = 0. Find the perimeter and area. (Graph first) The side of the square is the sum of the values of p in the given equations. The value of p in the equation x + 3y 9 = 0 is
16 10 9 10

while the value of p

7 10

The distance of a point (m, n) to a line Ax + By + C = 0 is given by this formula: d=

\ + +\ (2 +^2)

in the equation x + 3y + 7 = 0 is the square is .

. The side of

SAMPLE: Find the perpendicular distance from the point (5, 6) to the line -2x + 3y + 4 = 0 By substituting the values of m, n, A, B & C, we get

Final Answer: Perimeter:

units

Area: 25.6 sq units 2. Find the equation of the line parallel to 2x + y 9 = 0 and passing at a distance of 3 from the point (1, 1).

Try solving these problems: 1. Find the equation of the line through (5, -2) with intercepts numerically equal but opposite signs. Answer: x y 7 = 0 Find the equation of the line through (6, -8) with the y-intercept twice the x-intercept. Answer: 2x + y 4 = 0 Find k if the distance between (k, 0) and (0, 2k) is 10 units. Answer: k = 4. Find the angle of inclination of the line whose slope is 2. 0 Answer: 63.43 Find the slope of the line with the angle of 0 inclination of 137 . Answer: m = -0.933 Find the distance from the point (-3, 7) to the line y = (6x/5) + 2. Answer: 7.

2.

3.

5.

6.

What is the equation of the line perpendicular to the line joining (4, 2) and (3, -5) and passing through (4, 2)? Answer: x + 7y -18 = 0 If 4x ky 6 = 0 and 6x + 3y + 2 = 0 are perpendicular, what is the value of k? Answer: k = 8 A line passes through (-3, 9) and (4, 4). Another line passes through (9, -1) and (4, -8).Are the lines parallel or perpendicular? Answer: Perpendicular

8.

9.