UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI DEPARTMENT OF LIFELONG LEARNING AND EXTENSION CERTIFICATE

Name of the Student: Ladiwala Mohammed Mehdi Name and Address of the College: Mithibai College of Arts, Chauhan Institute of Science & Amrutben Jivanlal College of Commerce and Economics Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400056 Name of the Project in which student has enrolled: ICT-SDE Title of the Project Report: Violence Against Women (Essay) Submitted to: DLLE, University of Mumbai

Signature of the student

Signature of the Teacher

Signature of Field Co-ordinator

Signature of Principal with College Seal

Signature of the Director, DLLE with Seal

Acknowledgement

The success of the initiation and completion of this program can be attributed to a few individuals who have given me their useful insights and extremely valuable time. Firstly I would like to share a deep sense of gratitude to the University of Mumbai who gave me this opportunity to work on an activity which has only helped increase my knowledge domain Secondly, a big thanks to the Principal of Mithibai College, Dr. Kiran Mangaonkar who gave his unflagging support and encouraged me to undertake this assignment. Lastly, I would like to throw light on the enormous help and support provided to me by my parents, the college coordinators-Swapnil and Neha and my teachers who were there whenever there was a serious need for help.

My Reason for joining Extension Work Activity

Personally, I have always been a strong believer in adding value to myself by way of knowledge. Through this extension work activity, I have only managed to add to my knowledge domain. Also, I firmly believe that extra-curricular activities that help you learn along with college academics is extremely important for the overall development of an individuals personality. DLLE has given me the opportunity to thrive on both these fronts and execute them both in an appropriate manner. Based on the kind of topics available, there was so much that was desired to be learnt The project has enabled me to gain information on aspects related to Information Technology and considering the importance of IT in todays Modern World, it is an absolute essential to have knowledge on it. The essay writing was yet another part of this project that was extremely informative and at the same time interesting as it helped me understand the achievements that the women of this country have accomplished.

Signature of Representative of the DLLE with the seal of Certification

Sr. No

Name of the activity such as Street Play, Songs, Posters, Allocution etc. Any other 1st Term of Training Program

Topic of the Activity (AIDS, Child Labor, Environment, Pollution, etc.)

Participation for/as writing, directing, performing, music, singing, poster Designing, painting, etc. Attended

Location/Place Date of performance and where the timings activity was held

Signature of the Extension Work Teacher

Room No-401

17/8/11 10:30 to 12:30

Meeting for preparation of career program

Attended

Room No-401

13/10/11 10:30 to 12:30

Career Fair

Exhibition

Participated

Mithibai College Entrance

20 & 21/1/12 7:00 to 2:00

2nd Term of Training Program

Attended

Room No-401

9/1/12 10:30 to 12:30

Submission of Project Report

Submitted

Room No-401

1/2/12 10:30 to 12:30

Details of participation in Extension in New Version (Online activities) of Extension Work Sr. No. Particulars Course 1 (with number of hours) Microsoft PowerPoint 2003 (30) YES Online Courses Course 2 (with number of hours) Microsoft Excel 2003 (30) YES Course 3 (with number of hours) Microsoft Word 2003 (20) YES Total No. of hours for course 1+2+3 (Not less than 80 hours) 30+30+20=80

Name of the Course

Ii

Online Quiz attended Yes/No

Iii

Material downloaded Yes/No

Iv

Poster Prepared Yes/No

Activity held/Participated (Exhibition/Street Play/Seminar, etc.)

Exhibition Attended

Vi

Courses I like

Microsoft Excel 2003

Part A Questionnaire for the Students who enrolled for Extension Activities through Online

Had you enrolled for extension activities in the past? Yes / No No What were your expectations about online extension activity? I was hopeful of the fact that by the end of the program, I will have sufficient information on the topics I have chosen and that my knowledge domain as a whole has increased. Are your expectations fulfilled? Yes / No YES Which courses have you completed through online extension activity? MICROSOFT POWER POINT 2003 MICROSOFT EXCEL 2003 MICROSOFT WORD 2003 Problems you faced (if any) (in terms of login, downloading, contacts, overall connectivity, clarity of contents, etc.) The only real problem faced was the fact that keeping track of the number of hours of completion of the assignment was difficult. Did you like the online activities? Yes / No. Please mention why? (easy to complete, easy to understand and smooth conduct, clarity of contents, etc.) YES I wanted to grow my network of contacts and get a real world experience. Because my focus wasnt on grades, I struggled to get a 3.0 GPA. The companies I want to work for dont care about grades as much as they care about getting things done. Thats what I wanted, thats what I got.

 Are you satisfied with the overall extension activity? Yes / No YES Will you participate in online extension activity if given opportunity again Yes / No (put a tick mark) Please mention why?

YES Because it is very informative and easy to understand.

What are your experiences about online courses?

Honestly, there are onlya handful things I use on a daily basis that I have learned. I never took a course on Microsoft before, they were the focus of my interview for the job I took, and I passed it with flying colors. I remember someone making the remark that it Looks like he really worked hard.

What did you learn by online extension activities?

Big or small university (small being more available) professors are there to help, guide and teach you. Theres more to them than the classroom. They taught me a lot and helped me along the way.

What do you want to say about the Extension Work: (Your experience, view, suggestions etc.)

I never took a course on Microsoft before, they were the focus of my interview for the job I took, and I passed it with flying colors. My Microsoft knowledge is entirely taught very well. I am extremely happy that I took this course and very satisfied.

Essay Topic-Violence against Women

Violence against women is a technical term used to collectively refer to violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women. Similar to a hate crime, this type of violence targets a specific group with the victim's gender as a primary motive. The United Nations General Assembly defines "violence against women" as "any act of genderbased violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life." The 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women noted that this violence could be perpetrated by assailants of gender, family members and even the "State" itself. Worldwide governments and organizations actively work to combat violence against women through a variety of programs. A UN resolution designated November 25 as International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women.
y y y y

Violence against women - both intimate partner violence and sexual violence against women - are major public health problems and violations of women's human rights. A WHO multi-country study found that between 1571% of women reported experiencing physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner at some point in their lives. These forms of violence result in physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health and other health problems, and may increase vulnerability to HIV. Risk factors for being a perpetrator include low education, past exposure to child maltreatment or witnessing violence between parents, harmful use of alcohol, attitudes accepting of violence and gender inequality. Most of these are also risk factors for being a victim of intimate partner and sexual violence. School-based programmes to prevent relationship violence among young people (or dating violence) are supported by the best evidence of effectiveness. Other primary prevention strategies, such as microfinance combined with gender equality training and communitybased initiatives that address gender inequality and communication and relationship skills, hold promise. Situations of conflict, post conflict and displacement may exacerbate existing violence and present new forms of violence against women.

The United Nations defines violence against women as 'any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.' Intimate partner violence refers to behavior in an intimate relationship that causes physical, sexual or psychological harm, including physical aggression, sexual coercion, and psychological abuse and controlling behaviors. Sexual violence is any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, unwanted sexual comments or advances, or acts to traffic, or otherwise directed against a persons sexuality using coercion, by

any person regardless of their relationship to the victim, in any setting. It includes rape, defined as the physically forced or otherwise coerced penetration of the vulva or anus with a penis, other body part or object. Population-level surveys based on reports from victims provide the most accurate estimates of the prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual violence in non-conflict settings. The WHO Multi-country study on womens health and domestic violence against women in 10 mainly developing countries found that, among women aged 15 to 49 years:
y y y

between 15% of women in Japan and 70% of women in Ethiopia and Peru reported physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner; between 0.311.5% of women reported experiencing sexual violence by a non-partner; the first sexual experience for many women was reported as forced 24% in rural Peru, 28% in Tanzania, 30% in rural Bangladesh, and 40% in South Africa.

Intimate partner and sexual violence are mostly perpetrated by men against girls and women. However, sexual violence against boys is also common. International studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 510% of men report being victims of sexual violence as children. Population-based studies of relationship violence among young people (or dating violence) suggest that this affects a substantial proportion of the youth population. For instance, in South Africa a study of people aged 13-23 years found that 42% of females and 38% of males reported being a victim of physical dating violence. Intimate partner and sexual violence have serious short- and long-term physical, mental, sexual and reproductive health problems for victims and for their children, and lead to high social and economic costs.
y

y y

Health effects can include headaches, back pain, abdominal pain, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal disorders, limited mobility and poor overall health. In some cases, both fatal and non-fatal injuries can result. Intimate partner violence and sexual violence can lead to unintended pregnancies, gynecological problems, induced abortions and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Intimate partner violence in pregnancy also increases the likelihood of miscarriage, stillbirth, pre-term delivery and low birth weight. These forms of violence can lead to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep difficulties, eating disorders, and emotional distress and suicide attempts. Sexual violence, particularly during childhood, can lead to increased smoking, drug and alcohol misuse, and risky sexual behaviors in later life. It is also associated with perpetration of violence (for males) and being a victim of violence (for females). Children who grow up in families where there is intimate partner violence may suffer a range of behavioral and emotional disturbances that can be associated with the perpetration or experiencing of violence later in life.

Intimate partner violence has also been associated with higher rates of infant and child mortality and morbidity (e.g. diarrheal disease, malnutrition).

The social and economic costs are enormous and have ripple effects throughout society. Women may suffer isolation, inability to work, loss of wages, lack of participation in regular activities and limited ability to care for themselves and their children. Factors found to be associated with intimate partner and sexual violence or risk factors occur within individuals, families and communities and wider society. Some factors are associated with perpetrators of violence, some are associated with the victims of violence and some are associated with both. Risk factors for both intimate partner and sexual violence include:
y y y y y y y

lower levels of education (perpetrators and victims); exposure to child maltreatment (perpetrators and victims); witnessing parental violence (perpetrators and victims); antisocial personality disorder (perpetrators); harmful use of alcohol (perpetrators and victims); males who have multiple partners or are suspected by their partners of infidelity (perpetrators); and Attitudes that are accepting of violence (perpetrators and victims).

Risk factors specific to intimate partner violence include:

y y

past history of violence as a perpetrator or victim; Marital discord and dissatisfaction (perpetrators and victims).

Risk factors specific to sexual violence perpetration include:

y y y

beliefs in family honor and sexual purity; ideologies of male sexual entitlement; and Weak legal sanctions for sexual violence.

The unequal position of women relative to men and the normative use of violence to resolve conflicts are strongly associated with both intimate partner violence and sexual violence by any perpetrator. Currently, there are few interventions whose effectiveness has been scientifically proven. More resources are needed to strengthen the primary prevention of intimate partner and sexual violence i.e. stopping it from happening in the first place. The primary prevention strategy with the best evidence for effectiveness for intimate partner violence is school-based programmes for adolescents to prevent violence within dating relationships. These, however, remain to be assessed for use in resource-poor settings. Evidence is emerging for the effectiveness of several other primary prevention strategies: those that

combine microfinance with gender equality training; that promote communication and relationship skills within communities; that reduce access to, and the harmful use of alcohol; and that change cultural gender norms. To achieve lasting change, it is important to enact legislation and develop policies that protect women; address discrimination against women and promote gender equality; and help to move the culture away from violence. An appropriate response from the health sector can contribute in important ways to preventing the recurrence of violence and mitigating its consequences (secondary and tertiary prevention). Sensitization and education of health and other service providers is therefore another important strategy. To address fully the consequences of violence and the needs of victims/survivors requires a multi-sectoral response.

Signature of the Extension Teacher

Signature of Field Co-ordinator

Signature of Principal with College Seal