for ternity

-A World made of WordsJoannes Richter Archaic manuscripts describe a world made from a singular letter, which had been expanded to an alphabet and a dictionary full of words. Could it have been tried, succeeded or does this story belong to the category of phantasy? In most Indo-European languages the vowels play a mayor role as fundamental symbols. This has been proven in the divine names, in the ego-pronouns and the weekdays. However this system still suffered from one mayor deficiency: the Proto-Germanic ego-pronoun *ek (I) could not be explained as a genuine vowel-structure. In many western, northern, and southwestern Norwegian dialects, and in the western Danish dialects of Thy and South Jutland, the phoneme [] has a significant meaning: the first person singular pronoun I, and it is thus a normally spoken word; usually, it is written as when these dialects are rendered in writing. In Faroese, it is pronounced the same way, but it is written as eg1. This promotion of the -phoneme to a genuine vowel-based Scandinavian pronoun solved my worries for this theory and opened up the gate to understand the origin of the Germanic egopronouns, especially the symbolism of the English ego-pronoun I and the fundamentals of IndoEuropean religions. In this explanation the vowel and ego-pronoun plays a key role. Thy is originally the same word as Old Norse j ("thioth"), meaning people in the same way the Germans named themselves Deutsch. The Danish Census Book of King Valdemar II of 1231 mentions Thiuthsysl, i.e. the syssel of Thy, or to be more precise the syssel of Thiuthae, which may be equivalent to Teutons2. The -phoneme as an ego-pronoun in the Teutonic core-area and equally symbolizing eternal law, custom and marriage in Old-English suggests to consider the English ego-pronoun I to be a direct derivative symbol from , symbolizing eternity and eternal stability, which definitely have been all-time favorites for anybody's personal character in all languages. Could it be true that this basic principle has been used for all Indo-European languages?

1 Source: - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 2 Thy is by some scholars thought to be the origin of the Teutons . Ptolemy placed the Teutons and the Cimbri at the northern end of Jutland on his ancient map.

A phantasy Tale as an alternative Introduction

The most sacred words consist of as many vowels as possible, such as the divine vowelsequences and , , , , , , which may have been documented for magical formulas in the Greek magical papyri3. ons4 ago the gyptian king Menes joined both halves of the empire and decided to unite the world forever. But how are we going to symbolize for ever? We would need some mechanisms to protect things against falling apart. First of all the king decided to promote ternity to be the core of the archaic gyptian kingdom. He created a central vowel word for ternal law, including all archaic customs such as ternal marriage to protect the bonds between married couples. All bonds were considered to be sacred. The world as it had been created had been made good and should be considered as for ever perfect. Menes ordered to build a language using vowels for the most sacred words, as they may be prolonged for ever in eternal chants to symbolize eternity. And the most important word had to be defined as the law. And the people's Creator God he named IU, as an image of a married couple of man and woman. Anything new was to be considered as suspect to alter or even overthrow the 's ternal law. And indeed Menes decided anything new could not be considered as part of the -concept. Therefore it might as well be named nw: that is not-: against the law. The gyptian kingdom now lasted for many ons and survived many a devastation and starvation. In the end however eternal stability ruined the kingdom's stability. A changing environment and aggressive neighbors attacked the kingdom. Nw methods and nw tools had to be developed and the old alphabet had to be modified. One of Menes officers however learned from the basic principles for the -concept, borrowed the ideas of sacred vowels and the Creator God named IU and took the fundamentals with him as he left the gyptian kingdom. Some of his people wrote the principles down in a Book and this is where our history begins...

3 See: The Vowels AEEIOYO in the Mithras Liturgy and the "Mithras Liturgy" 4 Although the term aeon may be used in reference to a period of a billion years (especially in geology, cosmology or astronomy), its more common usage is for any long, indefinite, period.

Runes
If in Europe and in the Indo-European system the vowels and vowel-sequences generally have been considered sacred we should be able to find some traces of priority in the oldest runes. Especially we should concentrate on the specific runic symbols, which in later years have been added to the Roman alphabet. These letters probably have been needed for their special symbolism. We especially should be attentive for those words, which: belong to the vowel-category are very short, e.g. singular character-words belong to the most important words in any language: the ego-pronouns have been added as special characters to the alphabet

And it is to be proven that the Ash-symbol will satisfy these requirements: it is a singular vowel, an ego-pronoun and has been added to the old-English alphabet...

The Old English Latin alphabet

The Old English Latin alphabet generally consisted of 24 letters, and was in use for writing Old English from the 9th to the 12th centuries. Of these, 20 were directly adopted letters of the Latin alphabet, two were modifications of Latin letters (, ), and two were developments from the runic alphabet (, ). The letters K, Q and Z were not in the spelling of native English words. Old English was first written in runes (futhorc) but shifted to the Latin alphabet around the 9th century. In the year 1011, a writer named Byrhtfer ordered the Old English alphabet for numerological purposes. He listed the 24 letters of the Latin alphabet (including et ligature) first, then 5 additional English letters, starting with the Tironian note ond, resulting in a list of 29 symbols in which only the last character () has been a genuine new vowel: ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTVXYZ&

The Elder Futhark

The Elder Futhark, used for writing Proto-Norse, consists of 24 runes that are often arranged in three groups of eight; each group is referred to as an tt. The earliest known sequential listing of the full set of 24 runes dates to around AD 400 and is found on the Kylver Stone in Gotland, Sweden.

The letter
The letter was named from the runic letter named Ansuz. As a letter of the Old English Latin alphabet, it was called sc ("ash tree") after the Anglo-Saxon futhorc rune , which it transliterated; its traditional name in English is still ash. In Old English, denotes a sound intermediate between a and e. The Ash-symbol is being used in special words, such as sir, Csar, medival, Encyclopdia, etc. Medival is a compound word of medi (middle) and aevum (era, eternity). Probably eternity has been considered as a sacred attribute for divine symbols and at least in English the character itself symbolized eternity and sacredness. This may have inspired the Teutonic peoples to choose the -vowel as their ego-pronoun, which at least according to Morris Swadesh is the most important of all words in any language.

The pronoun
From the fifth century the Anglo-Saxon futhorc split the Elder Futhark a rune into three independent runes due to the development of the vowel system in Anglo-Frisian. These three runes are s (transliterated o), sc "ash" (transliterated ) and ac "oak" (transliterated a). In Norse mythology, the World Tree Yggdrasil is commonly held to be an ash tree, and the first man, Ask, was formed from an ash tree. This may one good reason to name the first man sk or in a shortcut even (I). In many western, northern, and southwestern Norwegian dialects, and in the western Danish dialects of Thy5 and South Jutland, the phoneme [] has a significant meaning: the first person singular pronoun I, and it is thus a normally spoken word; usually, it is written as when these dialects are rendered in writing. In Faroese, it is pronounced the same way, but it is written as eg. This is a new insight, which solves some of the problems in classifying the Ego-pronoun for northern Germanic languages. If the written word eg (Ego) is equivalent to the phoneme it will still basically be a vowel-based Ego-pronoun. I decided to add these vowels to the maps for the divine names, ego-pronouns and the days of the week.

Other important runes

Some other important runes may play a role in the following chapters and will be listed in this runic overview. The rune symbolized "one of the sir (gods)" and was named *ansuz "a god The rune symbolized "the god Thor, giant" The rune symbolized the god Tyr , Tiw or Tiwaz and was named *twaz/*teiwaz The rune (for ) is sometimes associated with the World tree Yggdrasil, which, imagined as an ash in Norse mythology, may formerly have been a yew or an oak and represented a vowel or , named Eiwaz or Eihaz6 was a Proto-Germanic word for "yew" (Taxus baccata) Tyr and Thor were important deities, who will be used for the weekdays' definition for Tuesday and Thursday respectively.

5 Thy is originally the same word as Old Norse j ("thioth"), meaning people. The Danish Census Book of King Valdemar II of 1231 mentionsThiuthsysl, i.e. the syssel of Thy. Thy is by some scholars thought to be the origin of the Teutons; 6 Reconstructed *haz / *haz or *waz / *waz

The word
Strange as it may seem there is an old-English word , which had been defined as eternal law, archaic custom and marriage. Shortening a Latin root word aevum (era, eternity) to a singular vowel is an extreme reduction, which may have been resulted from applying a special rune for the Aifik-token, documented as eternal: Aifik: eternal; Icelandic , always, a or (stay), fi (time, lifetime); swedish, danish evig (eternal); gothic aivs (long time), aiveins (eternal); old-high-German io (always), ewa (a long time, contract, law, matrimony); Anglo-Saxon , ava, euwin, euwinik, ewic (eternal); English ay; Greek , Lapl. ekewes (eternal), ik (eternal), iko (at night), Aifik Jufur (Eternal God), Lapl. Ekewes Jubmel7. This -word, derived from a proto-German root *aiw, respectively *aiwi- and represented by a special runic character for the -vowel may have been a most important symbol for any society respecting perpetual life, stability and eternity.

The words Y and I

Another word Y, also symbolized by a special runic character 8, had been used as one of the first English words for the Ego-pronoun9 by John Wycliffe10. In Wyclif's Bible11 the personal pronoun of the first person singular has been defined as an upper case character Y.

Hosea 11-912
9 Y schal not do the strong veniaunce of my wraththe. Y schal not turne, to leese Effraym; for Y am God, and not man. Y am hooli in the myddis of thee, and Y schal not entre in to a citee. In fact if the vowel has been defined as an ego-pronoun in some Scandinavian dialects we should consider the correlation or even common roots for , I and Y. The English ego-pronouns Y and I may have been derived from Dyus in analogy to the vowel .

Claudian letters
Although Wycliffe may have preferred the Claudian letters13 Y (as an androgynous symbol of a vowel representing a sound between a male I and female U) he later replaced this symbol by the vowel I. All three vowels , I and Y belong to the sacred linguistic symbols and played an important role in religious concepts, which may be reconstructed from linguistic analysis. We will now have to prove that genuine vowel-based words generally are religious, sacred constructs and then return to the shortest one-vowel concepts to define their priority.

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Source: The Runic Vocabulary by Dr. Udo Waldemar Dieterich (1844) Probably (for ) Personal pronoun for the first person singular ca. 1330 - 1384 web-Sources: e.g. Wycliffe Bible Genesis Book Osee in Wyclif's Bible The Philosophical Nucleus - Restoration of the Philosophical Core-System

Vowel-based divine names

Between the 1st and 3rd centuries the Roman Empire and some of the Celtic territories gradually replaced the eight day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven-day week. A few centuries later the Germanic peoples also introduced the seven-day week and used a similar naming convention for their weekdays. This transition allows us to analyze the formerly applied divine names, which had been in use at the time of the transition to the seven-day week. In our study we will concentrate ourselves on the oldest PIE-names for the Gods, which have been encoded in two days of the week. In The Key Morpheme - analyzing the PIE-concept I noticed that the Italic/Roman Thursday-oriented days of the weeks are related to the PIE-root *Dyus, and the Germanic Tuesday-related days of the week have been related to the PIE-root *Deiwos: *Dyeus: iaou, jous, yow, yaou, a, jeu, joi, jov, jou or jovis, gio, joi, jue, iau *Deiwos, *Teiwaz: tiwaz, tiw, ti, tyr, ziu14 The *Dyus-related names are vowel-sequences and the *Deiwos-related names have been provided with a consonant T, Z or D. This observation leads to a split development in European divine names in Europe, which may also have influenced other etymological evolutions such as the pronouns. *Deiwos-based names may be found both in the north (Dis, Tyr) and in the south (Zeus, Deus). In contrast most Italic/Roman *Dyus-based names seem to be derived from IU-piter, referring to iaou, jous, yow, yaou, a, jeu, joi, jov, jou or jovis, gio, joi, jue, iau or YHVH, which may be referring to some of Massey's IAO-related names such as: Egyptian Iu, Phoenician Iao, Hebrew Iah, Assyrian Iau, Egypto-gnostic Ieou (greater and lesser), Chinese Iaou, Polynesian Iho-Iho, Dyak Iaouh, Nicobar Islands Eewu, Mexican Ao, Toda Au, Hungarian Iao, Manx Iee, Cornish Iau, Welsh Iau (greater and lesser), Hebrew Iao-Sabaoth, Chaldean Iao-Heptaktis, Greek Ia, and IE15. The merging process of the European Dyaus- and YHVH-based words is complex. Massey's vowelbased gods seem to be interwoven between the PIE-based names, but there is nor clear source except the PIE-core itself. The overview in maps may reveal some of the interrelations. Except the Walloon ego-pronoun Dji and the ego-pronoun du dgo in Sardinian dialect Campidanese most of the southern ego-pronouns are vowel-based structures. These two words however allow us to directly correlate a divine name with the corresponding ego-pronoun. Celtic languages often apply me-, mee-, mi- or mina- and similar structures, which are deviating from the I*U-structures and therefore seem to be older. Although these languages did take over the weekdays with the Dyaus/Jupiter respectively the IHU-based names the original ego-pronouns remained in the archaic state. This leads to the assumption that the I*U-structured pronouns are not very old. They probably may be dated a few centuries before BCE.

14 Ziu may also be correlated to *Dyeus. 15 This probably correlates to the word EI and the letter E at Apollo's temple as described by Plutarch in Of the word EI engraven over the gate of apollo's temple at delphi. - The Morals, vol. 4 see the details and the image in : E - of the E-symbol Engraven Over the Gate of Apollos Temple at Delphi

The Weekdays' Map16

Between the 1st and 3rd centuries the Roman Empire and some of the Celtic territories gradually replaced the eight day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven-day week. This seems to have been a signal to generate new names for the days of the week 17. The standard Indo-European sky-god Dyeus and the related PIE-root god Deiwos had been encoded in Thursday respectively in Tuesday. In Germanic languages the weekday Tuesday provides us with the relevant Germanic divine names, which normally are related to Tiw, Tyr or Ziu. Thursday had been devoted to Zeus, and in Latin to Jupiter, which is our scope for investigations of the PIE-roots in the days of the week.

Fig. 1: Days of the week, derived from the PIE-roots Dyus and Deiwos
based on the Map of countries in Europe and the surrounding region derivative work of Europe countries map.png by San Jose, published by San Jose (map) under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version

16 Primary source is: Names of the days of the week - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 17 The Key Morpheme - analyzing the PIE-concept

The Map of the Gods' Names

The sky-god's divine names (which have been listed in the appendix) are varying between: Theos, *Dyeus18, Dyaus19, Djeu, Dieu20, *Deiwos21, Deus, Dius, d'IoU-piter (Jupiter), Jove, Iovis, Dios, Diovis22, Deus23, Dios, From these officially documented names some shortcuts have been derived (mostly from the weekdays' names): (Breton) iaou, (Catalan) jous, (Cornish) Yow, (Breton) Yaou, a, (French-Occitan) jeu, (Romanian) joi, Jov, Jou or (Latin & Spanish) Jovis, (Sardinian & Italian) gio, (Friulian) joi, (Spanish ) jue, (Welsh) Iau, Latvian: Dievs, Lithuanian: Dievas, Old Prussian: Dievas, Old English and Scots: Tiw or Tyr. Direct links will link Dyus to Dievas, Tiwaz, Tiw, Ziu, Sius, Zeus, but (except for the direct link to the Danish -core) may not be resulting in genuine vowel-sequences. Vowel-based names have been considered as sacred names, which were not to be contaminated by consonants. Therefore we will split up the analysis in vowel-structures and mixed vowel-consonant-based names (indicated by red arrows).

Fig. 2: Divine Names, derived from PIE-roots (*Dyus and *Deiwos)

based on a Map of countries in Europe and the surrounding region derivative work of Europe countries map.png by San Jose, published by San Jose (map) under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version

18 19 20 21 22 23

PIE-sky-god Sanskrit Found in Occitania and in France PIE-vocabulary In Oscan (Southern Italy) Found in Portugal

Massey's Map of divine Vowel-sequences

Massey's documents24 a long series of vowel-sequences as geographically related divine names25: It is the religious community, not the race, that will account for the Jews who emigrated to the ends of the earth, and for the names of the Jewish god, who was the Egyptian Iu, Phoenician Iao, Hebrew Iah, Assyrian Iau, Egypto-gnostic Ieou (greater and lesser), Chinese Iaou, Polynesian Iho-Iho, Dyak Iaouh, Nicobar Islands Eewu, Mexican Ao, Toda Au, Hungarian Iao, Manx Iee, Cornish Iau, Welsh Iau (greater and lesser), Hebrew IaoSabaoth, Chaldean Iao-Heptaktis, Greek Ia, and IE26, Latin Jupiter and Jove. Massey identified Iu, Iao, Iah, Iau, Ieou, Iaou, Iho, Iaouh, Eewu, Ao, Au, Iee, Ia, Ie, Jupiter and Jove as basic vowel-structured divine names, some of which (concatenated by red arrow-lines) may be added to the previous European map of PIE-related names. Other names are outside the scope of this European map. The Teutonic -core has been recognized as an eternity and an ego-pronoun, which may have been derived from the PIE-sky-god Dyus (or the Baltic deity Dievas) directly.

Fig. 3: Map of divine Vowel-sequences (Dyaeus- and Massey-based)

based on a Map of countries in Europe and the surrounding region derivative work of Europe countries map.png by San Jose, published by San Jose (map) under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version

24 English and Globish - Optimized Linguistic Designs 25 From: Ancient Egypt The Light of the World (Vol. 1-page 501) by Gerald Massey 26 This probably correlates to the word EI and the letter E at Apollo's temple as described by Plutarch in Of the word EI engraven over the gate of apollo's temple at delphi. - The Morals, vol. 4 see the details and the image in : E - of the E-symbol Engraven Over the Gate of Apollos Temple at Delphi

Map of divine Vowel-sequences

Isolating the vowel-based divine names in one singular map reveals a simple architecture, which suggests to consider this map as a primary structure, which for the Celtic peoples at least partly may have been evolving a few centuries before the Dyaus-structure. The Manx Iee, the Welsch Iau and the Cornish god Yow match to the Breton Yaou, the preFrench Jeu and Catalan Jous, the (Friulian) joi, Sardinian-Italian gio, the Hungarian Iao and Romanian joi, which all may have been derived from IU-piter and/or Iao. IAO is the Greek translation for YHWH (Iah, or Jeve, probably etymologically correlating with the word God in Arabian writing (Allah). The genuine vowel-based IAO-structures may also be corelating to the vowel sequences and , , , , , , which had been found in archaic Greek papyri. The Greek divine name IE probably matches to the inscription in the Delphi temple 27. Basically the vowels I and U had to be included in the names, but the other vowels may have been considered as interchangeable. Therefore Jave, Jove, Juve, Jeve may have been equivalent names. These genuine vowel-based deities may have expanded from the south east to the west as sketched in the following map, which may extend the concatenation of the derived divine names from (Hebrew) YHV (Jeve) to (Manx) Iee: IHV Jve Iah Iao Ia IE Jove Jeu Yaou Yow Iau Iee Other parallel chains may lead to the Hungarian Iao (and the Scandinavian ) and Romanian joi, as well as to the Catalan jous, which all are originating in the Middle East. IHV Jve Iah Iao IHV Jve Iah Iao joi IHV Jve Iah Iao Ia IE Jove Jous (Catalan)

Fig. 4: Map of divine Vowel-sequences (Massey-based)

based on a Map of countries in Europe and the surrounding region derivative work of Europe countries map.png by San Jose, published by San Jose (map) under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version 27 According to Plutarch's essay on the meaning of the "E at Delphi"--the only literary source for the inscription--there was also inscribed at the temple a large letter E. The letter E however has also been imprinted on ancient coins.

The Ego-pronouns' Maps

In an overview of the European countries it will be clear how the ego-pronouns, which are clearly correlated to the previously documented divine names and weekdays: du, dgo28, Dji29, ieu, iu m, jou, jau, eau, ego, jeg, jag, jk, jak, iak, ich, ick, ek, *ik, ih, ic, i, ik, k, ek, eg, g , eo, je, eu, iu, yo, jo, ja, : (ja), j and Y, I, . These ego-pronouns may have been originating from a central location at the Alps, where threevowel keywords I*U are found. These words are concentrated around the Swiss city of Chur: at the westside ieu, at the southside iou, in het east iau, and in the north ih. At larger radii the ego-pronouns are shortened to two-vowel words in which they seem to loose the last vowel "u" (if the u is available at all): at the west-side ie30, at the south-side io31, in the east ia32, and in the north , respecively ih33.

Fig. 5: Distribution of the Ego-Pronouns around the Swiss Alps

Background map after Atlas

of the Celtic World, by John Haywood; London Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2001, pp.30-37. 34

28 Sardinian dialect Campidanese 29 Wallonic , Belgium:Dji is used for doing the action (eg: dji magne = I eat), the second, for the one target of the action (eg: avou mi = with me). 30 Found in France (applying the ego-pronoun je and the divine name Dieu) 31 Found in Italy (io) and in Spain (applying the ego-pronoun yo and the divine name Dios) 32 Found in all Slavic countries (applying the ego-pronoun ja) 33 Found in Southern Germany (Ih), in Germany (Ich) and in England (I) 34 Published by Dbachmann for the Wikimedia Commons under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2

D-related ego-pronouns
Except the Walloon ego-pronoun Dji and the ego-pronoun du dgo in Sardinian dialect Campidanese most of the southern ego-pronouns are vowel-based structures. These two words however allow us to derive the generation from a divine name out of the ego-pronoun or the derivation of the ego-pronoun out of the divine name.

Walloon Dji
God: Di (found in the web-page Walloon) I: Dji 35 (which correlates to Di and Dieu) Thursday: djudi; diyou

Djudi is related to French Jeudi (d'IU-piter-Dies) whereas Diyou (Dies Jupiter or Dies Jovis) obviously correlates to Jupiter. The heading letter D has been inserted in Walloon or alternatively skipped in French.

Sardinian
The keyword to prove the correlations between the ego-pronoun and the divine name may be found in Sardinian dialect Campidanese, in which the ego-pronoun is identical to the divine name, but also illustrates the etymological vowel-transfer from ego to eu: God: Du, nm: Deus I: du dgo ; The ego-pronoun: dgo, prn: deo, du 36

Therefore this pronoun du (I) also correlates to Sardinian word dgo (I) and the Latin word ego. At the same time Du, nm: Deus correlates to Latin: Deus.

Easily identifiable ego-pronouns

Ieu is one of the the longest ego-pronouns, if we exclude the voluminous compound words in the Patois de Villar-St-Pancrac37e: iu m, respectively m iu38, which merely contain another variant iu of the Occitan pronoun ieu. The most easily identifiable ego-pronouns in European languages are the three- respectively fourletter words39 and the newly identified vowel : du, dgo40, Dji41, ieu, iu m, jou, jau, eau, ,

35 Dji n' sais nn (English I don't know) found in Walloon 36 dgo, prn: deo, du perula chi si narat a su postu de su numen de una prima pessone: s'impreat prus che teru (ma no semper cun bisonzu) pro inditare chie faghet s'assione de su vrb. / cun deo, cun du = cun megus; che deo = che a mie ceo, ego, eju deo no isco proite tue faghes gai! deo, no tue, apo fatu custu triballu! 2. parit chi is cosas siant morendi cun du restat cun deo s'antiga tristura ca no torro pis a su chi fia si che deo faghen totugantos isse no est coment'e deo io je, moi I ich. 37 The Hieroglyphs in the Ego-Pronoun 38 Patois of Villar-St-Pancrace : Personal pronouns: Cas sujet Cas rgime atone tonique direct indirect Sg. 1p a (l) iu m, m iu 2p t, t t, t t 3p M u(l), al ei(l) s lu ei F eilo la eilo N o, ul, la - lu - Pl. 1p n* n* 2p * v* v* 3p M (z) s l* i F eil (eilaz) l* eil 39 An overview of the ego-pronouns and divine names is listed in the Appendix and in A Divine Sequence of Vowels 40 Sardinian dialect Campidanese 41 Wallonic , Belgium:Dji is used for doing the action (eg: dji magne = I eat), the second, for the one target of the action (eg: avou mi = with me).

The -ego-pronoun may be extended with the following derived equivalents of the Germanic root, which has been identified as an eg-equivalent: ego, jeg, jag, jk, jak, iak, ich, ick The Wallonic ego-pronoun Dji may prove the significant correlation to the divine name Dieu. The Alamannic Zischtig (English: Tuesday) may be correlating to the ego-pronoun Ich. Celtic languages often apply me-, mee-, mi- or mina- and similar structures, which are deviating from the I*U-structures and therefore seem to be older.

Fig. 6: Distribution of the Ego-Pronouns in Europe

based on a Map of countries in Europe and the surrounding region derivative work of Europe countries map.png by San Jose, published by San Jose (map) under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version

The I*U-structure
The Ego as God's Image
Correspondences between the ego-pronouns and divine names suggest to consider an encoding of the biblical creation legend into the ego-pronoun 42 and its divine creator's name according to the Genesis statement: 1:26 God said, 'Let us make man with our image and likeness. This may be a good reason for equalizing the divine Creator's name and the corresponding egopronoun.

Bipolarity
Bipolarity leads to the assumption of bipolar divine names and ego-pronouns, both structured according to the standard I*U-pattern of vowels. The asterisk in the I*U-pattern may represent any other vowel except the male symbol I and the female symbol U43. Other bipolar structures are the Roman deity IU-piter, respectively IOU-piter with its corresponding Ego-pronoun IOU and the Occitan deity Dieu with its corresponding Ego-pronoun IEU, in which the central vowel has been varied to O, respectively E.

The central -core in Dyus, YHU and IO

Inside the sky-god's name Dyus we already identified the special vowel , representing eternal law, custom and marriage as an eternal link between the neighboring vowels y (I) and u. Obviously the central vowel symbolizes the divine eternal link between the male (Y) and female (U) members of the people. As an eta (H) in the Greek alphabet the vowel-symbol may also represent The H in YHU (and YHVH) and the A in IAO.

Celtic ego-pronouns
Celtic languages often apply me-, mee-, mi- or mina- and similar structures, which are deviating from the I*U-structures and therefore seem to be older. Although these languages did take over the weekdays with the Dyaus/Jupiter respectively YHU-based names the original ego-pronouns remained in the archaic state. This leads to the assumption that the I*U-structured pronouns are not very old. They probably may be dated a few centuries before BCE.

42 The Book Genesis Inside of a Single Word 43 See for details: Bipolar Monotheism

Immortality and Eternity

If genuine vowel sequences such as have been considered as sacred we should consider the idea of words for particular sacred items and other words for non-divine objects. In contrast the non-divine (or abhorred) definition might be a negated genuine vowel-structure, which may be a consonant N preceding a vowel-sequence. Of course in our analysis we would prefer a couple of divine and non-divine antipodes such as new and old or mortal and immortal. One couple of the words I found was the word new, which in various languages does apply a great number of vowels. In Dutch the word nieuw correlates to eeuw (eternity), which had been written in pure vowels eeu in Old-Dutch. In old-Dutch the negation of eeu (eternity) is nieuu (new).

Fig. 7: List for Eternity and its Antonyms (new)

In English this word has been written in one singular vowel , which indicated a most important word. The negation of the word may be new as an alternative spelled word n . Anything new indicated not an eternity - not eternal, which was supposed to be a nondivine attribute and therefore indicating mortality. This idea may have been a basic religious idea: something divine to be encoded in genuine vowel-structures. I decided to list some samples of corresponding antonyms: Language Latin Modern English Old English Eternity Aevum (era, eternity) "ternal (eternal) (medi-)aeval , (co-)val (eternal law, custom and marriage) wnian, bewnian (to marry) Antonyms for Eternity (New) Nvus 44, novellus (new, fresh, young, modern) new nwe, nowe (new) Nwe, newe now- now- nw-

Modern Dutch old-Dutch German Old German Modern French Old French Italian Spanish Old Norse Romanian Ancient Greek ProtoGermanic PIE -root

Eeuw (originally): eeuwigheid (Many nieuw years) modern use: century (100 years) wa, ewe, eeu wa , Ehe (marriage) ternel ("ternal) nieuu45 Neu Neuf 46, nouveau47, nouvel novel eterno, evo Eterno, evo ei, ey ev , 'always' *aiw, *aiwi*aiwnuovo (opposite to evo) nuevo (opposite to evo) nr nr (new) nou (nos) *niwjaz (new, fresh) *nwos (new) Table 1: List for Eternity and its Antonyms (new)

Ewa, Ewa and ewa (wa, ha, a, ) niuwi

Old Icelandic , ei

In the map for Eternity and its Antonyms (new) it may be observed that the "- / E-core may be identified on a large scale between Greece and Iceland, between Spain and Romania.
44 new, not old 45 Een nieuu tiidinghe (1527-1598) 46 brand new, very new 47 for "new" items, but aren't fresh from the factory.

Correlation between New and the divine name

The word for new reveals a strong correlation to the divine name. The divine name may be generated by replacing the leading N by a J, Z, Th or D which may be identified in the following table. The results suggest to consider the divine PIE-name as a very strong advice towards conservatism. Language Latin Modern English Antonyms for Eternity (New) Divine Name (generated) Divine Name (documented) Diou-piter Jove Tiw Tiw

Nvus 48, novellus (new, Dovus fresh, young, modern) new Tew

Old English nwe, nowe (new) Tiwe, Theowe Nwe, newe Tiwe, Tiw now- now- nwModern Dutch old-Dutch German Old German Modern French Italian Spanish Old Icelandic Old Norse Romanian Ancient Greek ProtoGermanic PIE -root nieuw nieuu49 Neu niuwi Neuf 50, nouveau51, nouvel nuovo (opposite to evo) nuevo (opposite to evo) nr nr (new) nou (nos) *niwjaz (new, fresh) *nwos (new) Dieuw Zieuw Dieuu Zieuu Deu Ziuwi Deuf Jovel Juovo Juevo Tr Tr Jou (Theos) *Tiwjaz Dewos

Dieu (in French) Ziu Dieu (in French) Ziu Deus (Latin) Ziu (southern Germany) Deus (Latin) Jove Jupiter Jupiter Tr Tr Jou-piter (Theos) *twaz/*teiwaz Deiwos

Old French novel

Table 2: Generating divine names from "New"-words

48 new, not old 49 Een nieuu tiidinghe (1527-1598) 50 brand new, very new 51 for "new" items, but aren't fresh from the factory.

Conclusion
Vowels are the most sacred symbols in Indo-European languages. The majority of divine names, ego-pronouns and fundamental key words have been designed around a vowel-core and/or a vowelsequence. The old-English word , which had been defined as eternal law, archaic custom and marriage has also been used as an ego-pronoun in many Norwegian and Danish dialects. In Faroese, it is pronounced the same way, but it is written as eg. This ego-pronoun may have been derived from the third letter in the PIE-root *Dyus. Therefore other ego-pronouns such as the English words Y and I may also have been derived from the second letter in the PIE-root *Dyus. Generally ego-pronouns may be derived from any vowel-combination in the vowel-sequence yu in the PIE-root *Dyus except for some special derivations such as the Walloon Dji and the Sardinian du dgo. In Scandinavian/Germanic languages the word Eg probably may be equivalent to the -vowel. The central -core in the PIE-root *Dyus has been identified as a symbol for eternal law, archaic custom and marriage and a negated word for the -core has been reconstructed as new. The contrast between the negated new and indicates a most conservative social order, in which tradition and perpetual order had to be preserved at any cost. Celtic languages often apply me-, mee-, mi- or mina- and similar structures, which are deviating from the I*U-structures and therefore seem to be older. Although these languages did take over the weekdays with the Dyaus/Jupiter respectively YHU-based names the original ego-pronouns remained in the archaic state. This leads to the assumption that the I*U-structured pronouns are not very old. They probably may be dated a few centuries before BCE. The I*U-structured Ego-pronouns seem to have been expanding from a central location at or near the Swiss city of Chur, which has been one of the oldest settlements in Switzerland and the first episcopal site at the northern side of the Alps52. The word for new reveals a strong correlation to the divine name. The divine name may be generated by replacing the leading N by a J, Z, Th or D which has been proven with excellent results for a great number of languages. The results suggest to consider the divine PIEname as a very strong advice towards conservatism.

52 In the 4th century Chur became the seat of the first Christian bishopric north to the Alps.

Appendix: Generating divine names from the vowelstructures

We will now generate corresponding divine names for these vowel-structures by adding a leading consonant D, T or Th and a trailing s. This will lead to successful generation of divine names in some occasions, which will be marked green, respectively yellow if one of the characters has to be deleted or blue if any characters have to be added: Armenian: Old Armenian: (es) , Armenian: (es) Baltic: Latvian: es Dievs, Lithuanian: a Dievas, Old Prussian: as Dievas Germanic: *ek, *ik, Old English: ih Tiw or Tyr, ic, i, Scots: I Tiw or Tyr, ik (rare) , English: I Tiw or Tyr, ik (obsolete), ich (obsolete) Old Frisian: ik, West Frisian: ik, Old Saxon: ik, Old Dutch: ick, Dutch: ik, Afrikaans: ek Old High German: ih Tiw or Tyr, German: ich Old Norse: ek, jak, Icelandic: eg, g , Faroese: eg, Norwegian: Bokml: jeg, Nynorsk: eg Old Swedish: iak, jk, Swedish: jag, Danish: jeg, Gothic: (ik) Hellenic, Ancient Greek: (ego) Theos (by skipping the g) Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Sanskrit: (aham) Iranian, Kurdish, Kurmanji: ez (ku) Italic, Latin: ego Theos (by skipping the g), Vulgar Latin: eo Theos, French: je Djeu, Romanian: eu Deus, Romanche: jau eau , Sardinian: eo Theos, Sicilian: iu Dius, d'IU-piter (Jupiter), Italian: io Jove, iovis, Dios, Diovis53, Portuguese: eu Deus, Spanish: yo Dyos, Aragonese: yo Dyos, Catalan: jo Dios, Galician: eu Deus, Occitan - Gascon: jo Dios, Lengadocian: ieu Dieu, Interlingua: io Dios, Patois de Villar-St-Pancrac54e: iu m, respectively m iu *IOU d'IU-piter ( Jupiter)55 Romansh jau Dyaus, Surselvisch: jeu Dieu, Surselvisch: jou *IOU d'IU-piter ( Jupiter), Surmeirisch: ja Dyaus, Puter: eau, Vallader: eu Deus, Rumantsch Grischun: jau Dyaus. Slavic East Slavic - Russian: (ja Dyaus) , Ukrainian: (ja Dyaus), South Slavic - Old Church Slavonic: (az Dyaus) , Bulgarian: (az) Dyaus) , Macedonian: (jas Dyaus), Serbo-Croatian: j / Dyaus, Slovene: jaz Dyaus, West Slavic - Czech j Dyaus, Kashubian: j, Polish: ja Dyaus, Slovak: ja Dyaus, Lower &
upper Sorbian: ja Dyaus.

53 In Oscan (Southern Italy) 54 The Hieroglyphs in the Ego-Pronoun 55 Patois of Villar-St-Pancrace : Personal pronouns: Cas sujet Cas rgime atone tonique direct indirect Sg. 1p a (l) iu m, m iu 2p t, t t, t t 3p M u(l), al ei(l) s lu ei F eilo la eilo N o, ul, la - lu - Pl. 1p n* n* 2p * v* v* 3p M (z) s l* i F eil (eilaz) l* eil

Contents
A phantasy Tale as an alternative Introduction.....................................................................................2 Runes....................................................................................................................................................3 The Old English Latin alphabet ......................................................................................................3 The Elder Futhark............................................................................................................................3 The letter ......................................................................................................................................3 The pronoun ................................................................................................................................4 Other important runes......................................................................................................................4 The word ..........................................................................................................................................5 The words Y and I................................................................................................................................5 Hosea 11-9.......................................................................................................................................5 Claudian letters................................................................................................................................5 Vowel-based divine names...................................................................................................................6 The Weekdays' Map..............................................................................................................................7 The Map of the Gods' Names...............................................................................................................8 Massey's Map of divine Vowel-sequences...........................................................................................9 Map of divine Vowel-sequences.........................................................................................................10 The Ego-pronouns' Maps....................................................................................................................11 D-related ego-pronouns.................................................................................................................12 Walloon Dji............................................................................................................................12 Sardinian........................................................................................................................................12 Easily identifiable ego-pronouns ..................................................................................................12 The I*U-structure ..............................................................................................................................14 The Ego as God's Image................................................................................................................14 Bipolarity.......................................................................................................................................14 The central -core in Dyus, YHU and IO...........................................................................14 Celtic ego-pronouns.......................................................................................................................14 Immortality and Eternity....................................................................................................................15 Correlation between New and the divine name.............................................................................17 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................18 Appendix: Generating divine names from the vowel-structures........................................................19