HOW TO REDUCE EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS ON BUILDINGS?

BY: SUWASH CHANDRA ACHARYA ROLL : 64072

WHY EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS ARE TO BE REDUCED ?

Some buildings are damaged structurally in earthquake Some buildings do not collapse under strong earthquake shaking, but may sustain damage to non-structural elements (like glass facades) Buildings like hospitals need to be functional after earthquake So special techniques are required to improve seismic performance of buildings

TECHNOLOGIES TO REDUCE EARTHQUAKE

EFFECTS

Two basic technologies are used to protect buildings from damaging earthquake effects. These are:
Base Isolation y Seismic Dampers
y

BASE ISOLATION

Hypothetical Building
When ground shakes, rollers freely roll y No force is transferred to building
y

Fixed Base Building

Building experience maximum earthquake load y Large movement of buildings
y

BASE ISOLATION

Base Isolated Building

Large movement in isolators but small movement in buildings y Forces induced is less than fixed base building
y

BASE ISOLATION
It introduces flexibility to the structure Base isolators also absorbs energy which further helps in damping Base isolation is suitable for low to medium-rise building rested in hard soil Not suitable for

High-rise building y Building resting on soft soil

y

SEISMIC DAMPERS
When seismic energy is transmitted through dampers, they absorb part of it, and thus reducing response of the building. Seismic dampers can be used in place of structural elements, such as diagonal braces. Seismic dampers may be

Viscous dampers y Friction dampers y Yielding dampers

y

SEISMIC DAMPERS

Viscous Damper
y

Energy is absorbed by silicone based fluid passing between piston-cylinder arrangement

Friction damper
y

Energy is absorbed by surfaces with friction between them rubbing against each other

SEISMIC DAMPERS

Yielding dampers
y

Energy is absorbed by metallic component that yield