The Creation Legend in a singular Vowel

Joannes Richter
2012

Introduction
From etymological studies we may derive a basic concept of bipolarity in religious systems, languages and artwork. In European languages most Ego-pronouns have been designed as vowelstructures. Several Alpine Ego-pronouns (ieu, iau, iou, etc.) may be identified as bipolar vowelsequences1. In a great number of Germanic dialects the phoneme [ae] has several significant meanings. The vowel represents the first person singular pronoun I, a definite article the, the verb is, running water and (in Old-English): law, scripture, ceremony, custom, marriage. This abundance of most important significant topics, concentrated on one singular vowel indicates an impressive amount of religious symbolism. If ever the world may have been created from one vowel (or one divine word), as it had been suggested by Hebrew Cabbalists, who claimed the world's creation to have started with the vowel Yod. The primal vibration of the universe is symbolized by the letter Yod. Yod is the smallest letter of the Hebrew alphabet, and symbolizes the point in movement and turning around itself. From the movement of Yod the other letters came forth in a structured order2. The -vowel, which seems to be bipolar combination of A and E, may also refer to the letter H in YHWH and the central vowel in Proto-Indo-European sky-god Dyus. In the Germanic legends the -vowel refers to the world's axis, poles, running water and the gods (sir). In modern languages the -vowel correlates to very fundamental principles (the ego), law and marriage. Unlike the Old English word god (and Old Norse go), the term s (ss) was never adopted into Christian use and survived only in a secularized meaning of "pole, beam, stave, hill" or "yoke".

1 Bipolar Monotheism (A Historical Record of God, Colors and Vowels) 2 The Hebrew Alphabet, explanation of the letters

Wooden poles have been used as sculptures for the Germanic gods. In two examples, wooden pole gods turn up in couples, as in the tall and well carved figures from Braak near Eutin in SchleswigHolstein and Wittenmoor in Lower Saxony3, where Germanic wooden idols have been found in pairs in sacrificial lakes at Braak near Eutin and at Oberdoorla in Thuringia. In Tacitus' Germania the yoke has also been documented as the symbol for marriage 4. Man and woman seem to have been symbolized as a couple, yoked in marriage. The great number of the -vowel's references to various uniting symbols allows the Germanic vowels to be dedicated to a dozen of different religious fields. Most of these symbols are chosen as powerful tools for stabilization of society (the world's axis Yggdrasil), the people's and clan's structure (frndi)5, marriage6, and individual psychic stabilization7. The ee in the word queen kvn (OWN: kvn, kvn), f. n. 'woman, wife' has been identified as the -vowel. ngland (England) has been designed as based on the -vowel. These examples (and a great number of other -based words, listed in the appendix) explain the immediate impact resulting from applying sacred characters in the language's vocabulary. The symbolism must have been well-known in the early late Middle Ages and it may be assumed that Hieronymus Bosch may have painted world's axis in his famous The Garden of Earthly Delights (ca. 1500). In retrospect I consider the world's axis as the most impressive symbol in the -vowel, from which all other symbols (the ego-pronoun, unity one, the clan's stability, law, tradition) may be derived. Obviously the English ego-pronoun I and the name England (probably the one and only or unique land) have been based on a similar idea, maybe even correlating to the Danish pronoun, respectively symbolizing Oneness. This overview documents some of the viewpoints I found in the ancient books and in modern etymology.

3 Early Germanic literature and culture 4 Germania XVIII: Their marriage code, however, is strict, and indeed no part of their manners is more praiseworthy. Almost alone among barbarians they are content with one wife, except a very few among them, and these not from sensuality, but because their noble birth procures for them many offers of alliance. The wife does not bring a dower to the husband but the husband to the wife. The parents and relatives are present, and pass judgment on the marriage-gifts, gifts not meant to suit a woman's taste, nor such as a bride would deck herself with, but oxen, a caparisoned steed, a shield, a lance, and a sword. With these presents the wife is espoused, and she herself in her turn brings her husband a gift of arms. This they count their strongest bond of union, these their sacred mysteries, these their gods of marriage. Lest the woman should think herself to stand apart from aspirations after noble deeds and from the perils of war, she is reminded by the ceremony which inaugurates marriage that she is her husband's partner in toil and danger, destined to suffer and to dare with him alike both in peace and in war. The yoked oxen, the harnessed steed, the gift of arms, proclaim this fact. She must live and die with the feeling that she is receiving what she must hand down to her children neither tarnished nor depreciated, what future daughters-in-law may receive, and may be so passed on to her grand-children. (Latin) 5 e.g.: tt (OWN: tt), f. n. 'clan, kin, family'. frndi (OWN: frndi), m. n. 'kinsman, male relative' and frndkona (OWN: frndkona), f. n. 'kinswoman, female relative'. 6 The yoke 7 The ego-pronoun

Runic Vowels
Originally the runes alphabet used three basic vowels U, I and A8. From the fifth century the Anglo-Saxon futhorc split the Elder Futhark A-rune (named *ansuz, "a god) into three independent runes due to the development of the vowel system in Anglo-Frisian. These three runes are s (transliterated O), sc "ash" (transliterated ) and ac "oak" (transliterated A). Other additional vowels have been included for E, O, and various vowel combinations. These additional characters may have been needed to allow the Germanic peoples to implement their fundamental symbols and their own creation legend in their writings. The new set of extended vowel symbols included 10 characters 9 (listed with their vocal, their name, significant meaning and the rune symbol): I (is, "ice", ), U (ur, "aurochs", ), A (ac, oak-tree, ), O (os, "[a] god", ), E (eh, "horse", ), (aesc, "ash-tree" or spear, ), EA (ear, "grave", ), EO (eoh,"yew"-tree, ), IA, IO (ior, "eel", )10, (el, "estate", ), Three of these runes are referring to various sacred trees:

Oak
A (ac, oak-tree, ). Already an ancient Germanic symbol (in the form of the Donar Oak, for instance), certainly since the early nineteenth century, the oak stands for the nation of Germany.

Ash
(aesc, "ash-tree" or spear, ), probably symbolizing the world's axis: Yggdrasil

Yew
EO (eoh,"yew"-tree, ), an evergreen tree. The word yew is from Proto-Germanic *wa-, possibly originally a loanword from Gaulish *ivos, compare Irish o, Welsh ywen, French if, Dutch ijf. One of the world's oldest surviving wooden artifacts is a yew spear head, found in 1911 at Clacton-onsea, in Essex, UK. It is estimated to be 450,000 years old. The yew is often found in church yards from England, Scotland, Ireland and France11.
8 Source: The Runic Vocabulary by Dr. Udo Waldemar Dieterich (1844), page VI Introduction. 9 The Anglo-Saxon rune poem gives the following characters and names: feoh, ur, thorn, os, rad, cen, gyfu, wynn, haegl, nyd, is, ger, eoh, peordh, eolh, sigel, tir, beorc, eh, mann, lagu, ing, ethel, daeg, ac, aesc, yr, ior, ear. 10 Anglo-Saxon runes 11 Source: Yew

The Teutonic Creation Legend (Askr ok Embla)

In Norse mythology Askr ok Embla, male and female respectively, were the first two humans, created by the gods. Ask, the first male human in Norse mythology. In Old Norse askr literally means "ash tree". As a complementary female symbol we might expect EO (eoh,"yew"-tree, ), an evergreen tree, representing the vowel E (for Embla). This would result in a -combination for the androgynous couple. Connections have been proposed between Ask and Embla and the Vandal kings Assi and Ambri, attested in Paul the Deacon's 7th century AD work Origo Gentis Langobardorum. There, the two ask the god Godan (Odin) for victory. The name Ambri, like Embla, likely derives from*Ambil12. Sitting back to back, as in Plato's creation legend, the letters A and E inside the vowel may have been representing the male and female, Askr ok Embla, Adam and Eve. Sure, the vowels A and E may have been chosen to represent the bipolar creation legend, but can it be proven?

Asc and Emblo in the Edda

The pair are attested in both the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. In both sources, three gods, one of whom is Odin, find Ask and Embla and bestow upon them various corporeal and spiritual gifts: Unz rr qvmo r v lii, flgir oc stgir, sir, at hsi; fundo landi, ltt megandi, Asc oc Emblo, rlglausa13.

A universal Symbol
In some Danish dialects the -phoneme may be used in various applications, such as in the sentence: i which may be interpreted as: jeg er p en i en (I am on the island at the river's shore). Germanic peoples seem to apply and concentrate this -vowel for some of the most important words such as the ego-pronoun, the unity-symbol one, to be, law, tradition, marriage. These most important themes have all been packed inside the bipolar AE-sequence and probably the vowel also played an important role in their mythology and linguistic concept.

12 Source: Askr ok Embla 13 Vlusp 17-18 cited from (Wikipedia) Askr und Embla, footnote [3]

The Vowel Phoneme and

The Vowel Phoneme
The character lower case (in ancient times named sc) when used in the Danish, Norwegian, or Icelandic languages, or Old English, is not a typographic ligature. It is a distinct lettera voweland when alphabetised, is given a different place in the alphabetic order. In modern English orthography is not considered an independent letter but a spelling variant, for example: "encyclopdia" versus "encyclopaedia" or "encyclopedia". In a great number of Scandinavian dialects the phoneme [ae] has a significant meaning: the first person singular pronoun I.14 In western and southern Jutish dialects of Danish, // is also the proclitic definite article: ' hus' (the house) 15 More off-standard, some Norwegian dialects may also render er (the present tense of the verb vre, to be) as in writing. In Scots language the adjective is defined as one16. In Old-English is defined as law, scripture, ceremony, custom, marriage 17: God is wisdom and woruldbuendra. God is the wisdom and law of world-dwellers18. In a second etymology is defined as: running water 19

The Vowel Phoneme

Another, similar Phoneme seems to be complementary to , but has not been supplied with an equivalent symbolism. In contrasts seems to correlate to male persons, such as: f(r)ga (OWN: fegar), m. pl. n. 'father and son(s)' m(r)gin(i) (OWN: mgin), nt. pl. n. 'mother and son(s)' fai (OWN: fair), m. n. 'father'. (see also faur(s)fai) mi (OWN: mir), f. n. 'mother'. (ia (OWN: eia), f. n.. 'mother'. (see afaria) ) In English runology, is used to transliterate the Runic letter odal , and so is sometimes called thel or ethel (from el 'estate, ancestral home'). The letter may be derived from a Raetian o letter variant, ultimately cognate with Greek .
14 Source (the phoneme ): In many western, northern, and southwestern Norwegian dialects, and in the western Danish dialects of Thy and South Jutland, the phoneme [] has a significant meaning: the first person singular pronoun I, and it is thus a normally spoken word; usually, it is written as when these dialects are rendered in writing. In Faroese, it is pronounced the same way, but it is written as eg. 15 Source (the phoneme ) The rather complicated distribution of one, two, and three grammatical genders in Danish dialects is explained in Jutlandic dialect 16 Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary 17 Source (Wiktionary) : 18 Cognate with Old Saxon o, Ol Frisian ewa, we, , , Old German wa, ha, a, (German Ehe). 19 From Proto-Germanic *ahw, from Proto-Indo-European *ak-. Cognate with Old Frisian , , Old Norse , Old Saxon and Old High German aha, and Gothic ahwa; and with Latin aqua.

the male antipodal element Mother, however including her sons, is correlating to: For the individual words father and mother the e in and has been skipped:

The world's Axis

A figure named sc (Old English "ash tree", spear) appears as the son of Hengest in the AngloSaxon genealogy for the kings of Kent. The ash tree20's wood has been well-known as a source for famous spears. As a letter of the Old English Latin alphabet, the vowel's symbol was called sc ("ash tree", spear) after the Anglo-Saxon futhorc rune , which it transliterated. The traditional name in English is still ash, which also means spear21. According to traditional mythology Yggdrasil is an immense sc (spear or ash tree) that is a central axis of the world and very holy. The gods go to Yggdrasil daily to hold their courts. In the Prose Edda (ca. 1220) the tree is usually not just called Yggdrasil but askr Yggdrasils. Old Norse askr means "ash tree" and according to the inflectional system of Icelandic language askr Yggdrasils means "Yggdrasill's ash". Icelandic has the best preserved inflectional system of the Norse languages and the Prose Edda was also written in old Icelandic. In the second stanza of the Poetic Edda (ca. 1220) poem Vlusp, the vlva (a shamanic seeress) reciting the poem to the god Odin says that she remembers far back to "early times", when Yggdrasil was a seed ("glorious tree of good measure, under the ground"). In stanza 19, the vlva claims that Yggdrasill is the name of an evergreen spear or ash-tree, standing over a well and covered with white mud or loam: An ash I know there stands, Yggdrasill is its name, a tall tree, showered with shining loam. From there come the dews that drop in the valleys. It stands forever green over Urr's well. Urr's well may be Urarbrunnr, although the tree also stands over the cold rivers' well Hvergelmir and the Mmisbrunnr, "which has wisdom and intelligence contained in it, and the master of the well is called Mimir"22. All-father Odin went there and asked for a single drink from the well, but he did not get one until he placed his eye as a pledge.

20 Fraxinus 21 Both words (sc and Ash) also meant "spear" in their respective languages.[3] ^ J. P. Mallory, Douglas Q. Adams, ed. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture. Taylor & Francis. p. 32. ISBN 9781884964985. 22 Source: Yggdrasil

The Garden of Earthly Delights

I remember to have seen a world's axis over a well in Hieronymus Bosch's painting, which has been created at the end of the Middle Ages (ca. 1500)23. In the Full resolution24 image of Bosch's The Garden of Earthly Delights we may identify a great number of rose-red pillars or fountains over blue wells. The pillar at the left panel, in which Adam and Eve just have been created may very well be interpreted as the world's axis. In the Symbolism in the Garden of Delights by Hieronymos Bosch I already had identified the rosered pillars and the blue wells as bipolar symbols probably referring to the male respectively female antipodes in the biblical creation legend. I considered the combination of axis and well as a unity, probably as Yggdrasil. In the central panels some of the towers have been painted with green trees growing on top of the structures.

Fig. 1: The Garden of Earthly Delights

The Triptych by Hieronymos Bosch (Madrid, Prado) has been dated 1510, or even earlier 1503-1504. Philip II had the The Garden of Earthly Delights in his collection.

23 Symbolism in the Garden of Delights by Hieronymos Bosch and The Central Religious Images in the Garden of Earthly Delights and Symbolism in the Paintings by Hieronymos Bosch 24 19,568 11,139 pixels, file size: 97.15 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg

Mimir's well
Mmisbrunnr, "which has wisdom and intelligence contained in it, and the master of the well is called Mimir", which may refer to the word memory. Mmir (Old Norse "The rememberer, the wise one") or Mim is a figure in Norse mythology renowned for his knowledge and wisdom who is beheaded during the sir-Vanir War. Afterward, the god Odin carries around Mmir's head and it recites secret knowledge and counsel to him. Is Bosch reminding us to the wise one, Mimir by painting an owl the symbol for wisdom at a hole in the fountain's foundation?

Fig. 2: The central creation symbol (detail) as a rose-red pillar and blue foundation
This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired. From Northern Antiquities, an English translation of the Prose Edda from 1847. Painted by Oluf Olufsen Bagge

The Yggdrasil's Image

Fig. 3: Yggdrasil

Synthesis of the -bipolarity in the sky-god Dyus' concept

Dyaus and Dyeus are equivalent names, Therefore it may be written Dyaeus, or to be more precise Dyus. The -vowel had also be written as eta (H), resulting in a sky-god Dyhus, or replacing the y-vocal by an i: Dihus, simplified to Dius. Now in Dutch iaeu is eeuw, in German ewig... for ternity The Roman and Hebrew civilization concentrated on IU IU-piter, respectively YHVH (or YHU) whereas the Germanic peoples chose for the -core to symbolize their divine concept by an A and an E.

Appendix: Runic Dictionaries25

Search of the Runic Dictionary for ...
(click on headword to go to full dictionary entry) frg (OWN: frgr), adj. 'famous, renowned'. frndi (OWN: frndi), m. n. 'kinsman, male relative'. frndkona (OWN: frndkona), f. n. 'kinswoman, female relative'. gta (OWN: gta), v. 'to watch, take care of, guard'. hfila (OWN: hfila), adv. 'spendidly, appropriately'. hf (OWN: hfr), adj. 'splendid'. kvn (OWN: kvn, kvn), f. n. 'woman, wife'. mla (OWN: mla), v. 'to speak, say'. mringa (OWN: mringar(?)), m. pl. n. 'people from Mre'. svra (OWN: svra), f. n. 'mother-in-law'. svrr (OWN: svrr(?)), m. n. 'father-in law, brother-in-law'. vkna (OWN: vkna), v. 'to arm, furnish with weapons'. tt (OWN: tt), f. n. 'clan, kin, family'. ttmar (OWN: ttmar), m. n. 'kinsman, relative'. ttrfi (OWN: ttarfi), nt. n.. 'family inheritance'. (see also rfi)

Search of the Runic Dictionary for ...

-ktr (OWN: -ktr(?)), adj. 'cheerful, glad'. (see ktr) frg (OWN: frgr), adj. 'famous, renowned'. frndi (OWN: frndi), m. n. 'kinsman, male relative'. frndkona (OWN: frndkona), f. n. 'kinswoman, female relative'. gta (OWN: gta), v. 'to watch, take care of, guard'. hfila (OWN: hfila), adv. 'spendidly, appropriately'. hf (OWN: hfr), adj. 'splendid'. illvtt(?) (OWN: illvtt(?)), f. n. 'evilness (?)'. kvn (OWN: kvn, kvn), f. n. 'woman, wife'. lkni (OWN: lknir), m. n. 'doctor'. lrr (OWN: lrr), adj. 'learned'. m (OWN: mr), f. n. 'girl, maiden'. mtr (OWN: mtr), adj. 'honoured, respected'. mla (OWN: mla), v. 'to speak, say'.
25 Source: The runic dictionary Nottingham

mringa (OWN: mringar(?)), m. pl. n. 'people from Mre'. nstr (OWN: nstr), adj. sup. 'next, nearest'. n (OWN: nr), prep. 'near, in the vicinity of'. sluhs (OWN: sluhs, sluhs), nt. n. 'hospice'. svra (OWN: svra), f. n. 'mother-in-law'. svrr (OWN: svrr(?)), m. n. 'father-in law, brother-in-law'. vttvang (OWN: vttvangr), m. n. 'battlefield'. (see also -vang) vkna (OWN: vkna), v. 'to arm, furnish with weapons'. tt (OWN: tt), f. n. 'clan, kin, family'. ttmar (OWN: ttmar), m. n. 'kinsman, relative'. ttrfi (OWN: ttarfi), nt. n.. 'family inheritance'. (see also rfi)

Search of the Runic Dictionary for ...

-(h)niss (OWN: -neiss(?)), adj. ''. (see (h)niss) -vri (OWN: -veri(?)), m. n. 'keeper, carer'. (see vavri) afaria (OWN: afareia), f. n. 'female ancestor'. (see also ia) aft/ft (OWN: ept, eptir), prep. 'for; in memory of'. (see also at, fti) birtr (OWN: bjartr), adv. 'bright, shining, illustrious'. brir (OWN: breir), adj. 'broad, wide'. bria (OWN: berja), v. 'to beat, strike, fight'. brias (OWN: berjask), v. 'to fight, battle'. btr (OWN: betr), adv. comp. 'better'. btri (OWN: betri), adj. comp. 'better'. bztr (OWN: beztr), adj. sup. 'best'. drngila (OWN: drengila), adv. 'manly, courageously, bravely'. (see also drng, fulldrngila) drng (OWN: drengr), m. n. '(young) man; warrior'. (see also drngila, fulldrngila, iagn, li) flstr (OWN: flestr), adj. sup. 'most'. frg (OWN: frgr), adj. 'famous, renowned'. frndi (OWN: frndi), m. n. 'kinsman, male relative'. frndkona (OWN: frndkona), f. n. 'kinswoman, female relative'. fulldrngila (OWN: fulldrengila), adv. 'in a very manly way, fully like a drng'. (see drngila) fig (OWN: feigr), adj. 'fated to die, fey, dead'. fr (OWN: fer), f. n. 'journey, way'. f(r)ga (OWN: fegar), m. pl. n. 'father and son(s)'. (see also mI (r)gin(i)) g(i)r(v)a (OWN: gr(v)a, (gera)), v. 'to make, construct, build, do'. gngi (OWN: gengir), m. pl. n. 'followers, companions'. gr (OWN: ger, gr), f. n. 'making of, construction'.

gta (OWN: gta), v. 'to watch, take care of, guard'. hriguta (OWN: hreigoti), m. pl. n. 'people from 'Hri-Gotaland''. (see also guti) hvrr (OWN: hverr), indef. interr. pron. pron. 'who, which, what, each, every one'. hfna (OWN: hefna), v. 'avenge, revenge, retailiate'. hilag (OWN: heilagr), adj. 'holy, sacred'. hima (OWN: heima), adv. 'at home, at or in one's own house'. himta (OWN: heimta), v. 'to draw, pull in, fetch, get back'. him (OWN: heimr), m. n. 'a place of abode, a region or world, this world, the Earth'. hin (OWN: hein), f. n. 'hone, whetstone'. hita (OWN: heita), v. 'to be called, give a name to'. hita (OWN: heita), v. 'to call, give a name to'. hlfning (OWN: helfningr), m. n. 'half, military division'. hlga (OWN: helga), v. 'to hallow, sanctify'. hll (OWN: hella), f. n. 'flat stone, slab of rock'. (see also stinhll) hrsi (OWN: hersir), m. n. 'chieftain'. hstr (OWN: hestr), m. n. 'horse, stallion'. hfila (OWN: hfila), adv. 'spendidly, appropriately'. hf (OWN: hfr), adj. 'splendid'. iartign (OWN: jarteikn), f. (?) n. 'sign; token'. (see also -tign) illvtt(?) (OWN: illvtt(?)), f. n. 'evilness (?)'. kvn (OWN: kvn, kvn), f. n. 'woman, wife'. knnilk (OWN: kenniligr), adj. 'recognizable'. (see also -lk, mrkilk) langfrga (OWN: langfegar), m. pl. n. 'ancestors on the father's side, forefathers'. lggia (OWN: leggja), v. 'to lay, place, put'. liang (OWN: leiangr), m. n. 'naval levy'. lkni (OWN: lknir), m. n. 'doctor'. lngi (OWN: lengi), adv. 'long, for a long time'. lrr (OWN: lrr), adj. 'learned'. mginiara (OWN: meginjara), f. n. 'great battle (?)'. (see iara) mii (OWN: meiri), adj. comp. 'greater, bigger, larger'. mrki (OWN: merki), nt. n. 'mark (unit of value), memorial'. (see also stinmrki) mrkilk (OWN: merkiligr), adj. 'notable, stately'. (see also -lk, knnilk) mstr (OWN: mestr), adj. sup. 'greatest'. mtr (OWN: mtr), adj. 'honoured, respected'. mla (OWN: mla), v. 'to speak, say'. mringa (OWN: mringar(?)), m. pl. n. 'people from Mre'. nstr (OWN: nstr), adj. sup. 'next, nearest'.

n (OWN: nr), prep. 'near, in the vicinity of'. (h)niss (OWN: neiss), adj. 'not negligible, respected (?)'. (see also -(h)niss) fig (OWN: feigr(?)), adj. 'not doomed to die, fated to live for long'. rginkundr (OWN: reginkunnr), adj. 'descended from the gods'. (see also -kundr) risa (OWN: reisa), v. 'to raise, erect'. skfning/skfning (OWN: skefningr/skefning), m. (?) n. 'glove-needle (?)'. ski (OWN: skei), f. n. 'warship, galley'. stila(?) (OWN: stela), v. 'to steal'. stritinn (OWN: streitinn(?)), adj. 'quarrelsome'. strnda (OWN: strenda), v. 'to land'. stina (OWN: steina), v. 'to stain, colour, paint'. stinbr (OWN: steinabr), f. n. 'stone bridge, stone arch'. (see also br, (h)labr) stinhll (OWN: steinhella), f. n. 'flat stone, slab of rock'. (see also hll) stinkumbl (OWN: steinkumbl, steinkuml), nt. n. 'stone monument'. stinmrki (OWN: steinmerki), nt. n. 'stone memorial, stone marker'. (see also -mrki) stinn (OWN: steinn), m. n. 'stone'. stinr (OWN: steinr), f. n. 'stone coffin'. (see also -r) stia(?) (OWN: steja), v. 'to fix, settle; raise (?)'. svinn (OWN: sveinn), m. n. 'boy, servant, attendant'. svra (OWN: svra), f. n. 'mother-in-law'. svrr (OWN: svrr(?)), m. n. 'father-in law, brother-in-law'. sgia (OWN: segja), v. 'to say, tell '. stia (OWN: setja), v. 'to seat, set, place, put'. tvi (OWN: tveir), num. card. 'two'. ungmnni (OWN: ungmenni), nt. n. 'young people, youths'. (see also mgminni) tfr(?) (OWN: tfer), f. n. 'journey, voyage'. vavri (OWN: vaveri(?)), m. n. 'person from V'. (see also -vri) vlvi(?) (OWN: velvi(?)), m. n. 'thief'. vria (OWN: verja), v. 'to lay out, invest, lose'. vkna (OWN: vkna), v. 'to arm, furnish with weapons'. fna (OWN: efna), v. 'to carry out, make'. (see also austringi) fti (OWN: eptir), adv. 'afterwards'. fti (OWN: eptir), prep. 'for, in memory of'. (see also aft/ft, at) i (OWN: ei, ey), adv. 'always'. iga (OWN: eiga), f. 'property'. iga (OWN: eiga), v. 'to own, possess, to be married to'. iga (OWN: eiga), n. 'property'.

igi/kki (OWN: eigi), adv. 'not, nor'. inhv (OWN: einhverr), indef. pron. 'some, someone'. (see also hv) inig (OWN: einigr), adj. 'only'. inn (OWN: einn), adj. num. card. 'one, alone'. ia (OWN: eia), f. n. 'mother'. (see afaria) nda (OWN: enda), v. 'to end, fulfill'. ndas (OWN: endask), v. 'to end one's life, die'. ngi (OWN: engi), indef. 'no, none, no-one'. ngi (OWN: engi), indef. 'no, none, nothing'. ngi (OWN: engi), pron. 'no, none, no-one'. ngi (OWN: engi), pron. 'no, none, nothing'. ngill (OWN: engill), m. n. 'angel'. nglandsfari (OWN: englandsfari), m. n. 'traveller to England (British Isles)'. (see also -fari, grikkfari) rfi (OWN: arfi), m. 'heir'. (see also arfi, rfingi, ttrfi) rfi (OWN: arfi), nt. 'heir, heiress'. (see ttrfi) rfi (OWN: arfi), n. 'heir'. (see also arfi, rfingi, ttrfi) rfi (OWN: arfi), n. 'heir, heiress'. (see ttrfi) rfingi (OWN: erfingi), m. n. 'heir, child'. ria (OWN: erja), v. 'to plough'. ta (OWN: eta), v. 'to eat, devour'. tt (OWN: tt), f. n. 'clan, kin, family'. ttmar (OWN: ttmar), m. n. 'kinsman, relative'. ttrfi (OWN: ttarfi), nt. n. 'family inheritance'. (see also rfi) n (OWN: en, (an)), conj. 'than'. -mnni (OWN: -menn), nt. n. '-men'. (see ungmnni) -tign (OWN: teikn, tkn), f. (?) n.. 'token'. (see iartign)

Search of the Runic Dictionary for ...

(click on headword to go to full dictionary entry) *rndr (OWN: *rndr(?)), m. pl. n. 'people from Trndelag'. (see istill/kistill/mistill) by (OWN: br), m. n. 'farm, homestead'. bn (OWN: bn), f. n. 'request, prayer'. frkn (OWN: frkn), adj. 'brave, bold'. fra (OWN: fra), v. 'to bring, convey, present, deliver'. fa (OWN: fa), v. 'to feed, give food to, bring up, bear, give birth to'. gildi (OWN: gildi(sbrr)), m. n. 'member of a guild'. langmrgu() (OWN: langmgur), f. pl. n. 'ancestors on the mother's side'. (see also mI gu) m(r)gin(i) (OWN: mgin), nt. pl. n. 'mother and son(s)'. (see also f(r)ga) mgu (OWN: mgur), f. pl. n. 'mother and daughter(s)'. (see also langmI rgu()) slg (OWN: slgr), adj. 'skilful'. skia (OWN: skja), v. 'to seek, visit, pursue, catch'. pi (OWN: pir), m. n.. 'shouter, cryer'.

Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 Runic Vowels........................................................................................................................................3 Oak...................................................................................................................................................3 Ash...................................................................................................................................................3 Yew..................................................................................................................................................3 The Teutonic Creation Legend (Askr ok Embla).................................................................................4 Asc and Emblo in the Edda..............................................................................................................4 A universal Symbol..........................................................................................................................4 The Vowel Phoneme and .............................................................................................................5 The Vowel Phoneme ...................................................................................................................5 The Vowel Phoneme ...................................................................................................................5 The world's Axis...................................................................................................................................6 The Garden of Earthly Delights...........................................................................................................7 Mimir's well.....................................................................................................................................8 The Yggdrasil's Image..........................................................................................................................9 Appendix: Runic Dictionaries............................................................................................................10 Search of the Runic Dictionary for ... ........................................................................................10 Search of the Runic Dictionary for ... ........................................................................................10 Search of the Runic Dictionary for ... ........................................................................................11 Search of the Runic Dictionary for ... ........................................................................................15