Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Adams, Eddie. Vietnam Execution. 1968. Photograph. Life Magazine, Saigon. In the Tet Offensive, many guerrillas were captured then some were even killed. In this infamous picture, a South Vietnamese general executes a Vietcong right in front of the camera. I am using this picture on my website. Atkins, Oliver. Richard M. Nixon Press Conference, 03/12/1971. 1971. Photograph. National Archives, Washington DC. National Archives. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. <http://research.archives.gov/sc//imagedata01/085/description194712/0f5346ce01186ca5 d24ee6461b353a01_files/10/0_0.jpg>. Press conferences were held all the time back in the 1970's. Today, press conferences are aired on TV every week or month. This is a picture of President Nixon speaking to the press in a conference. I am using this picture for a slideshow on my website. Cronkite In Vietnam. 1968. Photograph. Briscoe Center of American History. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.cah.utexas.edu/images/news/press_release/wc_vietnam.jpg>. In January of 1968, the Vietcong executed surprise attacks all across Southern Vietnam during the Lunar New Year. This is a picture of Walter Cronkite in Hue, a city that was filled with bodies after the Tet Offensive. I am using this picture on my website. Dewey Defeats Truman. 1948. Photograph. Dewey Defeats Truman. Web. 1 Feb. 2012. <http://www.deweydefeatstruman.com/truman-dewey-c.jpg>. In one of the biggest botched newspaper articles ever, The Chicago Tribune prints out Dewey Defeats Truman, Truman won. This is a picture of Truman holding the article while delivering his acceptance speech to the press. I am using this picture for my website cover. Discussion Between En Lai And Nixon. 1972. Photograph. National Security Archive. 11 Dec. 2003. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/N SAEBB106/nixzhou.gif>. While he was in China, President Nixon discussed issues with Zhou En Lai. This is a picture of the two talking to each other. I am using this picture on my website. Eisenhower, Dwight. "Dwight D. Eisenhower -- Farewell Address." American Rhetoric: The Power of Oratory in the United States. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.americanrhet oric.com/speeches/dwightdeisenhowerfarewell.html>. Days before President-elect John Kennedy took office, President Dwight Eisenhower gave his farewell speech on TV. He pointed out that he will become a private citizen. I am using that quote on my website.

FDR Answering Questions From Press. 1932. Photograph. White House Historical Association. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.whha.org/whha_classroom/images/classroom_193301.jpg>. President Roosevelt made many press appearances during his tenure as president. This is a picture of him answering questions from the press. I am using this picture on my web. FDR's Day of Infamy Speech. Perf. Franklin Roosevelt. YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_reGRx5RiSo&feature=related>. After the attacks on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt announced to the nation via radio about the attacks. I am using the audio from this video on my website. FDR Delivering Fireside Chat. 1932. Photograph. Schenectady Museum. History Cooperative. Web. 8 Feb. 2012. <http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/nyh/88.2/images/storm_fig01b.jpg>. Before he took office as president, Franklin Roosevelt spoke to fellow New Yorkers in his famous fireside chats. I am using this photo in a slideshow for my website. FDR Economic Recovery Plan, Fireside Chat #4 1933/10/23 - YouTube. Perf. Franklin Roosevelt. YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. 13 Sept. 2006. Web. 01 Feb. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXY7TkrPPzI>. In one of his most infamous Fireside Chats, President Roosevelt speaks about his economic recovery plan. I am using the audio from this video to show one of his Chats on my website. Four Days in November Part One. YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. 08 Mar. 2008. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i14nA2H7SKI>. It was a normal day for CBS on November 22nd, 1963, until the regular airing of As the World Turns was interrupted. Walter Cronkite announced that President Kennedy was wounded by an assassin. This video showed Cronkite's coverage from the bulletin to the announcement of Kennedy's passing. Harrison, Emma. "TV Debate Switched Few Votes, Nation-Wide Survey Shows." The Historic New York Times [New York City] 28 Sept. 1960: 26. Print. It was September 27th, 1960, John F Kennedy and Richard Nixon squared off in the first telivised presidential debate in the history of the US. This newspaper article states the reaction of the American citizens from the debates.

Harry Truman To Deliver Speech on TV. Photograph. Legends of America. Web. 8 Feb. 2012. <http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-americanhistory/HarryTrumanSpeech.jpg>. Harry Truman was the first president to deliver a speech on TV. This is a picture of him giving a speech on TV. I am using this for a slideshow on my website. Herber, John. "Nixon Resigns." New York Times. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0808.html#article>. On August 9th, 1974, President Richard Nixon resigned from office due to the Watergate Scandal. This website has the text and front page picture of the New York Times I am using these on my website. JFK Nixon Debate. Perf. John Kennedy and Richard Nixon. YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. 27 Nov. 2007. Web. 8 Feb. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHGs4535W_o>. In 1960, John Kennedy and Richard Nixon squared off against each other for the chair in the Oval Office. This is a video of the infamous debate between the two. I am using a section of this video for my website. Kennedy, Chuck. Obama At Press Conference. 2009. Photograph. White House, Washington DC. White House Correspondants' Association. White House. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://whca.net/presseriran062409CK.jpg>. Press conferences are frequent conferences that were held since the 1920's. This is a picture of President Obama delivering a press conference. I am using this picture on my website. Kluckhorn, Frank. "Japan Wars on U.S. and Britain; Makes Sudden Attack On Hawaii; Heavy Fighting At Sea Reported." New York Times. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1207.html#article>. On December 7th, 1941, the Japanese took America by storm as the dropped bombs on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Thousands were killed. This is the context from the article that was published by the New York Times. I am using the text on my web. Kumar, Martha. "The President and the Press / FDRs First Press Conference : March 1933." White House History. White House. Web. 2012. <http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_classroom/documents/WHHA_primarydocument-1933.pdf>. From Woodard Wilson to Barack Obama, presidential press coverage has been a huge revolution in TV history. This document holds the history of press coverage for the president and includes FDR's first press coverage.

Lewis, Alfred. "5 Held in Plot to Bug Democrats' Office Here." Washington Post. Web. 1 Feb. 2012. <http://www.washington post.com/wpsrv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/0 61872-1.htm>. In 1972, five men broke into the Watergate complex in order to bug the offices of the Democratic National Committee. This would turn into the Watergate Scandal, which took down president Nixon after he was accused of covering up the crime. I am using this article to tell the background of the Scandal before I talk about the downfall of Nixon. Lyndon Johnson - Remarks on Decision to Not Seek Reelection. Perf. Lyndon Johnson. YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FibDxpkb0>. In March of 1968, President Lyndon Johnson announced to the nation that he would not run for a second term as president of the US. I am using this video on my website. "Nixon and Kennedy Clash In TV Debate On Spending, Farms, and Social Issues." New York Times [New York City] 27 Sept. 1960. New York Times. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0926.html#article>. On September 26th, 1960, Senator John Kennedy and Vice President Richard Nixon squared off in the first televised debate. This website contains the text from the original NYT article. I am also using the front page picture on my website with the text. Nixon Announces Trip. 1971. Photograph. Shanghaist. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://shanghaiist.com/attachments/shang_shanghaiist/nixon%20screenshot.png>. In 1971, President Nixon announced from the White House that he would visit China the following year. This shocked the whole entire world. I am using this picture on my website.

Nixon Lands In Beijing. 1972. Photograph. Virginia. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://people.virginia.edu/~rjr/photos/china.jpg>. On February 21st, 1972, President Nixon lands in Beijing, China. This is a picture of him landing and greeting people at the airport. I am using this picture on my website.

Nixon On the Great Wall. 1972. Photograph. Associated Press. Britannica Kids. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/14/126114-004-EF41E8E6.jpg>. While in China, President Nixon toured the Great Wall of China with his wife, Pat. This is a picture of them walking on the Great Wall. I am using this picture in a slideshow on my web.

Nixon Shakes Hands With Mao. 1972. Photograph. Associated Press. American Business. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://american-business.org/uploads/posts/2011-02/1298808494_nixonschina-visit.jpg>. Other than Zhou En Lai, President Nixon met Chairman Mao Zedong during his trip to China. I am using this picture on my website. Nixon Sweating During Debate. 1960. Photograph. New York Times, New York. New York Times. Web. 1 Feb. 2012. <http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2 007/08/13/scien ce/sweat_395.1.jpg>. In the first televised debate in US history, John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon squared off in Chicago over major issues. This is a photo of Nixon sweating. I am using this picture to represent how Nixon was under pressure while Kennedy was acting confident. Nixon, Richard M. "Richard Nixon Quotes." BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/r/richard_m_nixon_4.html>. This is a website of quotes made by President Nixon. I am using on of those quotes on my website. Okamoto, Yoichi. President Lyndon B. Johnson Speech Re Bombing Halt and Decision Not to Run for Re-election, 03/31/1968. 1968. Photograph. National Archives, Washington DC. Naitonal Archives. Web. 25 Jan. 2012. <http://research.archives.gov/description/1 92620>. On a spring night on March 31, 1968, President Lyndon Johnson sat down in his chair in the White House and began saying that he will not seek a second term as president of the US. This picture shows Johnson speaking to the nation. I am using this picture plus others for my website cover. President John F. Kennedy's 1st News Conference, January 25, 1961. Perf. John Kennedy. YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. 10 Oct. 2009. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BF2YCJXFyJU>. Five days after he was sworn into the office of the Presidency, John F. Kennedy delivered his first press conference. I used this video on my website. President Richard Nixon - Address Announcing Resignation - YouTube. YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. 12 June 2008. Web. 08 Feb. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEOGJJ7UKFM>. In 1974, Richard Nixon resigned from the office of President of the United States. This video includes a section of his resignation speech. I am using this video for my website.

Roosevelt, Franklin D. "Pearl Harbor Speech, December 8, 1941." Speech. From Revolution to Reconstruction. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/P/fr32/speeches/ph.htm>. After Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt gave a speech to the US and Congress about the attacks. This website contains the text from the speech. I am using it on my website. Richard Nixon Announces His Resignation. 1974. Photograph. Associated Press. Washington Post. Web. 8 Feb. 2012. <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpsrv/national/images/wgate/wpics_tline/tlbig/nixresig.jpg>. On August 9th, 1974, President Richard Nixon resigned from the office of President of the United States due to allegations of a coverup of the Watergate break-in years before. I am using this picture for my website on my home page. Richard Nixon At Banquet. 1972. Photograph. Great Power Politics. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://greatpowerpolitics.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/richard-nixon-china-chou007.jpg>. During his trip to China, President Nixon ate numerous foods that he had never eaten before. This is a picture of him trying to use chopsticks. I am using this picture on my website. Rowe, Abbie. Kennedy in News Conference. 1962. Photograph. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Web. 8 Feb. 2012. <http://www.jfklibrary.org/~/media/assets/audiovisual/still%20photographs/a%20%20abbie%20rowe%20-%20national%20park%20service/ar%207370-d.jpg?w=300>. This photograph is a picture of President John F. Kennedy delivering a news conference in 1962. I am using this picture for a slideshow for my website. The New Deal at 75. Photograph. Associated Press. Library of Congress. Web. 25 Jan. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0804/images/expand-newdeal01.jpg>. This is a picture of President Franklin Roosevelt delivering a Fireside Chat. Fireside Chats were radio speeches to the American people about occurring events such as WWII and the Depression. I am using this picture for my cover picture for my website. Walter Cronkite Covering JFK Shooting. 1963. Photograph. CBS News. CBS News. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. <http://wwwimage.cbsnews.com/images/2007/05/11/image2792590j.jpg>. On November 22nd, 1963, President John Fitzgerald Kennedy was shot by an assassin as he was riding in a limo in downtown Dallas. The news broke on CBS by Walter Cronkite. This is a picture of Cronkite covering the news from the studio. I am using this picture in my website.

Walter Cronkite Reporting From Great Wall. 1972. Photograph. Stanford Asian- Pacific Research Center. Stanford University. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. Nearly 100 reporters followed President Nixon when he visited China. This is a picture of Walter Cronkite reporting from the Great Wall Of China. I am using this picture on my website. Wicker, Tom. "Kennedy Is Killed By Sniper As He Rides In Car In Dallas; Johnson Sworn In On Plane." New York Times 23 Nov. 1963. Digital History. Web. 25 Jan. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1122.html#article>. On November 22nd, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated while riding in a limo as he rode through the streets of Dallas, Texas. More than half of the nation's citizens stopped what they're doing to watch the coverage of the assassination whether it was on the radio or TV. I am using this NYT article to give background on the shooting. Zhou En Lai Toasts With Nixon. 1972. Photograph. Getty Images. MSNBC. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://msnbcmedia2.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/080827-nixon-hmed10a.grid-6x2.jpg>. Hours after he touched down in China, President Nixon went to a banquet hosted by Zhou En Lai. In this picture, the two are toasting to each other. I am using this picture on my website.
Secondary Sources

Assignment: China - "The Week That Changed The World" YouTube. YouTube, 25 Jan. 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyCZDvec5sY>. On February 21st, 1972, President Nixon touched down in Beijing, China in one of the most historic trips in the history of the US. This documentary talked about the trip and how the press was a huge factor in the trip. I received information from the one hour documentary. Bates, Katherine Lee. "America the Beautiful." Mormon Tabernacle Choir. 2008. Youtube. 3 Dec. 2008. Web. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rzs52OzgWOs>. This is the song America the Beautiful written by Katherine Lee Bates. I am using this song for my home page because it is a patriotical song and my topic relates the presidents of the United States.

"FDR's Fireside Chat on the Recovery Program." National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 01 Feb. 2012. <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/fdr-fireside/>. It was the 1930s and America was in the Great Depression. In the mid 1930s to the early 1940s, President Franklin Roosevelt made radio talks about issues such as the economy and World War Two. These talks would later be called the Fireside Chats. These chats would later be the foundations of normal press conferences between the press and the president. This article gave me info about the history of the Fireside Chats. Jeffrey, Harry P., and Thomas Maxwell-Long. Watergate and the Resignation of Richard Nixon: Impact of a Constitutional Crisis. Washington, D.C.: CQ, 2004. Print. It was August 9th, 1974. Richard Nixon filed his resignation after he was impeached for being involved in a cover up that involved men who tried to rig the system at Watergate in order for Nixon to win his reelection bid in 1972. This book told the history and events that led up to the resignation of Nixon and how the press played a major role in his wrongdoings. It also contained his full resignation speech. Kumar, Martha. "Presidential Press Conferences: Windows on the Presidency and Its Occupants." - White House Historical Association Press Room. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_press/index.php/backgrounders/presidentialpress-conferences/>. Presidential press conferences are held frequently. It all started with President Woodard Wilson then came Kennedy and the TV. This source gave me the history of the press conferences from its early stages to today. Joel, Billy. We Didn't Start The Fire. 1989. Youtube. 2 Oct. 2009. Web. 18 Jan. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFTLKWw542g&ob=av3n>. We Didn't Start the Fire is a song written by Billy Joel. The song's lyrics are events or people that occurred from 1950-1989. Since my topic dealt with this time period, it would be a good song for my conclusion page because of its ending beat. Nixon in China. YouTube. YouTube, 19 Apr. 2009. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5V9sP_nDCM>. In 1972, President Richard Nixon became the first president ever to visit China during his term of office. This video contains footage from when Air Force One touched down in Beijing to Nixon shaking hands with the Chairman Mao. I am using this video for my website.

Tebbel, John, and Sarah Miles. Watts. The Press and the Presidency: From George Washington to Ronald Reagan. New York [u.a.: Oxford Univ., 1985. Print. The press has been a huge factor since George Washington for the citizens of America. The press has been important in many factors such as the downfall of Lyndon Johnson's presidency. This book describes the relationships between the press and each president from Washington to Reagan. Smoller, Fredric T. The Six O'clock Presidency: A Theory of Presidential Press Relations in the Age of Television. New York U. A.: Praeger, 1990. Print. US citizens come home from work and turn on the TV to watch the newscast of the day. From 1969 to 1985, 5,292 stories aired on CBS. More than 3/4s of them involved the president. This book states the basics of news broadcasting and how it has affected the presidency throughout the 1900s. "Walter Cronkite, 1916-2009: A Trusted TV Newsman." Many Things. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. <http://www.manythings.org/voa/people/Walter_Cronkite.html>. Walter Cronkite covered many famous events from the 60s to the 70s. From the Vietnam War to the JFK assassination, Cronkite is a legend. On November 22nd, 1963, he covered the Kennedy Assassination more than anyone else. I used quotes on this website for my website.