HUMAN RELATION APPROACH

PRESENT BY: Ifa Mira Saadah Wani

DEFINITIONS
q School management based on research findings of Elton Mayo q A movement in management thinking q Capabilities & abilities of individuals q Human relation movement: i) people respond primarily to their environment ii) motivation depends more on social needs than on economic needs iii) satisfied employees work harder than unsatisfied employees.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
DECENTRALIZATION The idea that individual workers and functional areas (department) should be given greater autonomy and decision-making power.

PARTICIPATORY DECISION-MAKING Those making decision on a day-to-day basis not normally considered to be management

CONCERN FOR DEVELOPING SELFMOTIVATED EMPLOYEES

One goal of managers in such an organization is to design and implement organizational structure that reward such self-motivation and autonomy.

HAWTHORNE STUDIES

Study of worker efficiency at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Co. (1924 1932)
* Worker productivity was measured at various levels of light illumination. * Researchers found that regardless of whether the light levels were raised or lowered, productivity rose.

Actually, it appears that the workers enjoyed the attention they received as part of the study and were more productive.

Mayos Finding
v Behavior and sentiments are closely related v Group influences significantly affect the individual behavior. v Group standards establish individual worker output. v Money is less a factor in determining output than are group standard, group sentiments and security.

THEORY X and Y

Douglas McGregor proposed the two different sets of worker assumptions > Theory X: assumes the average worker is
lazy, dislikes work and will do as little as possible.
Managers must closely supervise and control through reward and punishment

> Theory Y: Assumes workers are not lazy, want to do a good job and the job itself will determine if the workers likes the works
Managers should allow the worker great latitude and create an organization to stimulate the worker.

EXAMPLE