Mach VDK Dem San Pham (Do An)

Nguy e n v a n b i e nt b d 47@g ma i l.
c o m
lhAN ! !Y IhUY!I
0hU0N0 ! AN NhAl
! AI VAN !
Na aa caa vc| sa phat tr|ea caa cac aaah khca hcc k thaat, k thaat 1|ea ta matrca
1c la k thaat sc 1ca va| trc aaa trca trca mc| l|ah vac khca hcc k thaat, aaa l|, cca ah|ep
ta 1ca hca, caa cap thca t|a Jc 1c chaa ta pha| aam |at va vaa Jaa ac mct cach cc h|ea
aa aham cp phaa vac sa phat tr|ea aea khca hcc k thaat the |c| ac| chaa va trca sa phat
tr|ea k thaat 1|ea ta ac| r|ea
Xaat phat ta ahaa 1ct 1| thac tap tct ah|ep ta| aha ma va tham aaa cac Jcaah ah|ep
saa xaat, chaa em 1a 1acc tha ah|ea khaa 1acc ta 1ca hca trca aa tr|ah saa xaat Hct trca
ahaa khaa 1ca |aa trca Ja chaea saa xaat ta 1ca hca 1c la sc laca saa pham lam ra 1acc
1em mct cach ta 1ca
Ia ah|ea 1c| vc| ahaa Jcaah ah|ep vaa va ahc th| v|ec ta 1ca hca hcaa tcaa chaa 1acc
ap Jaa trca ahaa khaa 1em saa pham, 1ca |ac || ma vaa cca sa Jaa ahaa cca
Ia ahaa 1|ea 1a 1acc tha 1c va kha aaa caa chaa em, chaa em maca lam mct 1|ea |
ahc 1e cp phaa vac |ap aac| lac 1ca |ct phaa met ahcc chaa ta ma chc phep taa h|ea saat
lac 1ca lea ap ah|ea laa, 1ca thc| 1am |ac 1acc 1c ch|ah xac cac Nea chaa em aet 1|ah th|et
ke mct mach 1em saa pham v| ac rat aa a| vc| thac te va ac that sa rat cc ah|a 1c| vc| chaa
em v| 1a lam 1acc mct phaa ahc 1ca cp chc xa hc|
e lam 1acc mach aa caa th|et ke 1acc ha| phaa ch|ah la |c phaa cam ||ea va |c phaa
1em
` 8c phaa cam ||ea cm phaa phat va phaa tha Ihca thaca aac| ta sa Jaa phaa phat
la leJ hca aca| 1e phat ra aah saa hca aca| mac 1|ch 1e chca ah|ea sc vc| cac lca| aah saa
khac, cca phaa tha la traas|stcr aaa 1e tha aah saa hca aca|
` 8c phaa 1em cc ah|ea phaca phap thac th| 1c la
!ap mach Jaa k thaat sc vc| cac !0 1em, chct, sc saah hep la|
!ap mach Jaa k thaat v| xa l|
!ap mach Jaa k thaat v| 1|ea kh|ea
!! 0h0N lhU0N0 AN Ih!!I K!
1 Vc| mach 1em saa pham Jaa !0 rc| cc
0ac aa 1|em saa
0hc phep taa h|ea saat lac 1ca
am |ac 1c ch|ah xac cac
Iaa sc 1ap aa caa mach ahaah, chc phep 1em vc| taa sc cac
Khcaa cach 1at phaa phat va phaa tha xa ahaa chc phep 1em ahaa saa pham lca
Ica hac cca saat |e, mach cc the sa Jaa p|a hcac acca
Kha aaa 1em rca
0|a thaah ha
Hach 1ca |aa Je thac h|ea
Vc| v|ec sa Jaa k thaat sc khc cc the 1ap aa 1acc v|ec tha 1c| sc 1em Haca tha 1c|
mct ea caa aac 1c caa mach th| |acc lca pha| tha 1c| phaa caac 1c mc| laa pha| lap la|
mach Jaa 1ea tca kem ve k|ah te ma ah|ea kh| ea caa 1c khca thac h|ea 1acc |aa phaca phap
aa
Vc| sa phat tr|ea maah caa ahaah k thaat sc 1ac ||et la chc ra 1c| cac hc v| xa l| va v|
1|ea kh|ea rat 1a chac aaa Jc 1c v|ec Jaa k thaat v| xa l|, k thaat v| 1|ea kh|ea 1a |a| aet
ahaa |e tac va k|ah te hca ma phaca phap Jaa !0 rc| ket ac| la| khca thac h|ea 1acc
Nguy e n v a n b i e nt b d 47@g ma i l. c o m
2 Vc| mach 1em saa pham Jaa k thaat v| xa l|
Nca| ahaa aa 1|em aha 1a l|et ke trca phaca phap Jaa !0 rc| th| mach 1em saa pham
Jaa k thaat v| xa l| cca cc ahaa aa 1|em saa
Hach cc the tha 1c| sc 1em mct cach l|ah hcat |aa v|ec tha 1c| phaa mem, trca kh| 1c
phaa caa khca caa tha 1c| ma mach Jaa !0 rc| khca the thac h|ea 1acc ma aea cc the thac
h|ea 1acc th| caa caa ahac ma aac| cca ahaa caa khc t|ep caa, Je aham
9c l|ah k|ea sa Jaa trca mach |t hca
Hach 1ca |aa hca sc vc| mach 1em saa pham Jaa !0 rc| va cc phaa ca| 1at sc 1em |aa
1aa
Hach cc the laa la| sc l|ea caa cac ca saa xaat
Hach cc the 1|ea kh|ea 1em 1acc ah|ea Ja chaea saa xaat caa lac |aa phaa mem
Hach caa cc the ket ac| |ac t|ep 1acc vc| ma t|ah th|ch hcp chc ahaa aac| aaa l| ta|
phca k thaat aam |at 1acc t|ah h|ah saa xaat aa maa h|ah caa ma v| t|ah
Nhaa trca th|et ke aac| ta thaca chca phaca phap tc| aa ahaa k|ah te Jc 1c chaa em
chca phaca phap 1em saa pham Jaa k thaat v| 1|ea kh|ea
lhaca phap 1em saa pham Jaa v| 1|ea kh|ea
Nca| ahaa aa 1|em cc 1acc caa ha| phaca phap trea, phaca phap aa cca cc ahaa aa
1|em
Irca mach cc the sa Jaa aa |c ahc trca 1c| vc| ahaa chaca tr|ah cc a mc ahc, rat
t|ea lc| ma v| xa l| khca thac h|ea 1acc
Nc cc the |ac t|ep ac| t|ep trac t|ep vc| ma t|ah ma v| xa l| caa |ac t|ep 1acc vc| ma
t|ah ahaa la |ac t|ep sca sca aea caa cc l|ah k|ea chaea 1c| Ja l|ea ta sca sca saa ac| t|ep
1e |ac t|ep vc| ma t|ah
!!! HU0 l0h Y!U 0AU 0UA ! IA!
Irca 1c aa aa chaa em thac h|ea mach 1em saa pham |aa phaca phap 1em xaa Nha
va mc| saa pham 1| aa trea |aa chaea pha| cc mct th|et || 1e cam ahaa saa pham, th|et || aa
c| la cam ||ea Kh| mct saa pham 1| aa cam ||ea se ahaa va tac ra mct xaa 1|ea 1aa ve khc| xa
l| 1e taa Jaa sc 1em Ia| mct thc| 1|em tac thc|, 1e xac 1|ah 1acc sc 1em caa pha| cc |c phaa h|ea
th| Ia ah|ea mc| kha vac saa xaat ha mc| ca saa xaat la| ea caa vc| sc 1em khac ahaa v| the
pha| cc sa l|ah hcat trca v|ec chaea 1c| sc 1em 8c phaa chaea 1c| trac aaa ahat la |aa ph|m
Kh| caa tha 1c| sc 1em aac| sa Jaa chi caa ahap sc 1em |aa 1aa vac va mach se ta 1ca 1em
Kh| sc saa pham 1acc 1em |aa vc| sc 1em |aa 1aa th| mach se ta 1ca Jaa Ia 1a sa ra mac
1|ch ea caa caa 1e ta|
9c 1em pha| ch|ah xac, va tha 1c| v|ec ca| 1at sc 1em |aa 1aa mct cach l|ah hcat
8c phaa h|ea th| pha| rc raa
Hach 1|ea khca aa phac tap, |ac 1am 1acc sa aa tcaa,Je sa Jaa
0|a thaah khca aa mac
!V 0!0! hAN 0UA ! IA!
0ac saa pham rat 1a Jaa vc| ah|ea chaa lca| 1ac, rca, k|ch cc khac ahaa Nhaa vc| kha
aaa caa th|et || lap th| mach chi cc the 1em 1c| vc| saa pham cc kha aaa che 1acc aah saa va
cc k|ch thacc ta 10cm
1ea 0cm
em sc saa pham trca mct thaa pham v| tha 1c| ta 2 999 0ca sc thaa saa pham
pham v| tha 1c| ta 19999
!aa sc saa pham, sc hcp saa mc| ca saa xaat va chc phep xem sc saa pham va sc hcp trca
cac ca saa xaat
Ia mac 1|ch ea caa caa 1e ta| chaa em 1aa ra sc 1c khc| tca aat caa mach 1|ea aha saa
V XAY UN0 90 0 Kh0! I0N0 QUAI

0hU0N0 !! !Y IhUY!I Ih!!I K!
! 0A0 Kh0! Ik0N0 HA0h !!N
1 0am ||ea
a 0|c| th|ea sc lacc ve mach cam ||ea
e cam ahaa mc| laa saa pham 1| aa th| cam ||ea pha| cc phaa phat va phaa tha lhaa phat
phat ra aah saa hca aca| va phaa tha hap tha aah saa hca aca| v| aah saa hca aca| cc
1ac 1|em la |t || ah|ea sc vc| cac lca| aah saa khac ha| |c phaa phat va tha hcat 1ca vc| caa
taa sc Kh| cc saa pham 1| aa |aa phaa phat va phaa tha, aah saa hca aca| || che |c phaa tha
se hcat 1ca vc| taa sc khac taa sc phat aha the tac ra mct xaa tac 1ca tc| |c phaa xa l| Va
|c phaa phat va |c phaa tha pha| cc aaca tac Jac 1ca 8c phaa Jac 1ca tac 1ca tc| cca tac
1ca aat caa aaca phat va aaca tha aah saa 0c ah|ea l|ah k|ea phat va tha aah saa hca
aca| ahaa chaa em chca leJ hca aca| va traas|tcr aaa la l|ah k|ea phat va tha v| traas|stcr
aaa la l|ah k|ea rat aha vc| aah saa hca aca| 8c phaa tac Jac 1ca cc the Jaa mach !0,
cca lc|c, hcac !0 Jac 1ca Vc| v|ec sa Jaa !0 chaea Jaa tac Jac 1ca, |c tac Jac 1ca se trc
aea 1ca |aa hca vc| taa sc phat va tha
V| t|a h|ea c ac ra tras|tcr aaa rat ahc aea caa cc mach khaech 1a| tracc kh| 1aa 1ea |c tac
Jac 1ca 0haa em chca !0 khaech 1a| 1e khaech 1a| t|a h|ea lea 1a lca Va sc 1c khc| caa phaa
phat va phaa tha la
Kh0! XU
!Y
0AH 8!!N 8AN lhlH
Kh0! h!!N Ih[

| 0ac l|ah k|ea trca mach cam ||ea
|1 0aa tac, aaea l| hcat 1ca caa leJ hca aca|
_!eJ 1acc caa tac ta 0aAs vc| vaa cam cc 1c rca la 14eV taca aa |ac xa 900am Nca| ra
kh| pha tap 9| vc| aaea vat l|ea 0aAlAs, 1c rca vaa cam cc the tha 1c| Vc| cach aa, aac| ta
cc the tac ra Ja| sca |aa ?00 900am va Jc 1c tac ra sa 1|ea haca sac chc leJ hca aca|
phat ra |acc sca th|ch hcp ahat chc 1|em cac 1a| caa 1c aha cac |c tha
_hcat 1ca kh| mc| ac| p a 1acc phaa cac thaaa th| Jca 1|ea aa ac| lca v| sa Jaa 1|ea la Jc hat
ta| 1a sc, cca kh| mc| ac| 1acc phaa cac ah|ch th| chi cc Jca ri Jc sa J| chaea caa cac hat ta|
th|ea sc Nhaa kh| ch|ea saa vac mc| ac|, Jca 1|ea ah|ch taa lea aa aha t le vc| aaa thca
trca lac Jca thaaa khca taa ac taea vclt ampere caa leJ hca aca| aha saa

|2 lhctca traas|stcr
lhctca Iraas|stcr caa taca ta aha traas|stcr thca thaca ahaa chi khac c chc ac khca
cc cac |atc, tha chc tac Jaa khca che caa Jca vac cac |atc la sa khca che caa cham saa 1c|
vc| Jca cclectcr caa traas|tcr hcac cc cac |atc, ahaa khca che t|a h|ea la aah saa
0aa tac caa traas|stcr aaa
_ K h|ea va caa tac

= 4
= 3
= 2
= 1
= 0
U(V)
I(A)
C 0ac tha (cclecter)
0ac aea
(base) E
0ac phat (emiter)
Ky hieu 0aa tac
N P N
B
E
B
C
Kh0! A0
0N0
Kh0!
A0
0N0
KhUY!0h A! IkAN9!I0k IhU
_h|ah thac |ea aca| caa ac khac vc| traas|stcr thca thaca c chc trea vc caa cc caa sc
trca sact chc aah saa ch|ea vac Aah saa aa caa sc aa ch|ea lea m|ea |atc caa traas|stcr
0haea t|ep lN em|tcr 1acc che tac aha cac traas|stcr thca thaca, ahaa chaea t|ep lN cclectcr,
th| Jc m|ea |atc caa 1acc ch|ea saa, chc aea ac cc ah|ea h|ah Jaa khac ahaa, caa cc Jaa h|ah
trca aam |aa tam m|ea |atc Kh| sa Jaa traas|stcr aaa mac mach taca ta aha traas|stcr mac
chaa em|tcr (0!l 0haea t|ep em|tcr 1acc phaa cac thaaa cca chaea t|ep cclectcr 1acc phaa cac
ah|ch 0c ah|a la traas|stcr aaa 1acc phaa cac c che 1c khaech 1a|
ca 1|ea trca traas|stcr
V| ac| tha 1acc phaa cac ah|ch aea cc Jca ri !cc cha |aa tha aea va v| ac| aea phat 1acc
phaa cac thaaa aea Jca tha la ( 1l!cc 1a la Jca tc| caa aaa traas|stcr Kh| ch|ea aah saa
vac m|ea |atc, trca m|ea |atc cc sa phat xa cap 1|ea ta lc trca lam xaat h|ea Jca !
!
c aah
saa kh|ea Jca tha trc thaah
!c = ( 1l (!cc !
!
l
ac taea caa traas|stcr aaa

Irca 1c h la mat 1c ch|ea saa (mhcm
2
l

ac taea caa traas|stcr aaa caa |ca aha 1ac taea Vclt ampere caa traas|stcr thca
thaca mac !0 |ea khac ahaa c 1a la cac tham sc khca pha| la Jca !| ma la laca ch|ea saa
ac taea Vclt ampere caa traas|stcr aaa aa vc| khcaa Uce ahc caa cc the c| la m|ea
|ac hca v| kh| a Jc sa t|ch ta 1|ea t|ch cc the cc| aha chaea t|ep cclectcr 1acc phaa cac thaaa
0aa taca ta aha trca traca hcp traas|stcr thca thaca, 1c Jcc 1ac taea trca m|ea khaech
1a|
| !0 Jac 1ca 555
U(V)
5 10 15 20
I(A)
H = 9
H = 7
H = 5
H = 4
H = 1
8
6
4
2
9c 1c chaa
9c 1c khc| |ea trca !0 555
0hac aaa caa cac chaa
a la v| mach 1|ah thc| chaea Jaa, cc the mac thaah Jaa mach 1ca ca ha |at ca
|ea ap caa cap ta V 1ea 1?V
ca 1|ea ra 1ea 200mA (lca| v| mach 8JIl ha 100mA (lca| 0H09l
0haa 1 Nc| vc| masse
0haa 2 Nhaa t|a h|ea k|ch th|ch (tr|erl
0haa I|a h|ea ra (catpatl
0haa 4 lhac aaea ve traa tha| |aa 1aa (presetl
0haa 5 Nhaa 1|ea ap 1|ea kh|ea (ccatrcl vcltal
0haa 5 Hac aaca ( threshclJ l
0haa 7 Iac 1aca phca 1|ea chc ta
0haa ? 0ap aaca Vcc
` !0 khaech 1a| !H 24 ( QUA 0l!kAI!0NA! AHl!!!!!kl
!H 24 !0 cc 4 taa khaech 1a| thaat tcaa, !0 lam v|ec vc| lca| aaca 1ca
c lc| trea 100J8, ta ah|ea |aa thca hep hca !H 900
0ha khca 1e aa ra cham vac aaca V
ha cham thaa vac masse, 1|ea aa se lam ha !0

!0 557 (I0N! !00!kl
4
1
3
2
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
14 13 12 11 10 9
GND
+3 -
+
+
+
+
GND V
CC
TRI DIS
OUT
THR
FLIP
FLOP
OUTPUT
8 6
4
7
1 3
2
5
!0 557 8c |a| ma am sac
!0 chaa mct vca khca pha Kh| taa sc pha hcp vc| taa sc traa tam th| chaa ? cc mac ap thap c
1c t|a h|ea ta traas|stcr aa taa khaech 1a| 1aa 1ea ac vac caa !0 557 Iaa sc h|ea aa 1acc
xac lap thec mach 1|ah thc| k va 0 ha 1,1/(k0l k la khcaa 2K 1ea 20K 557 cc the tach Jc
taa sc aa vac ta 0,01ht 1ea 500Kht
0h| cha cac aa vac trca mach lcc thap aa t|ah thec ! se 1acc xac 1|ah |c| a!
0
Irca 1c a
trca khcaa 100 1ea 52000 Ia aa ra la tr| sc ap 1c| ta trca mach lcc thap aa c aa
vac
2 Khc| xa l|
Vc| khc| xa l| aac| ta cc the Jaa !0 rc| hcac khc| v| xa l| Nea sa Jaa v| xa l| trca khc|
xa l, aac| ta cc the th|et ke mach 1|ea |ac t|ep 1acc vc| ma t|ah aea Je Jaa chc v|ec 1|ea kh|ea
ta xa va |aa v|ec tha 1c| phaa mem cc the mc rca chaca tr|ah 1|ea kh|ea mach 1|ea 1em ah|ea
Ja chaea trca caa mct thc| 1|em ha laa la| cac sc l|ea trca cac ca saa xaat, 1c la l| Jc chaa
em sa Jaa v| xa l| trca khc| xa l| 0aa vc| thc| |aa, cca aac| 1a chc ra 1c| ah|ea lca| v| xa l| ta
? ||t 1ea 54 ||t vc| ca| t|ea aa caa aa v|et ahaa ta thec mac 1|ch sa Jaa ma v| xa l| ? ||t
vaa cca tca ta| Irca 1c aa aa chaa em sa Jaa v| 1|ea kh|ea ?051 ?051 caa la v| xa l| ?
||t ahaa cc chaa |c ahc |ea trca va cc them 2 |c 1|ah thc| aca| ra ac cc the |ac t|ep ac| t|ep
trac t|ep vc| ma t|ah ma v| xa l| ? ||t aha ?0?5 caa |ac t|ep 1acc vc| ma t|ah ahaa la |ac
t|ep sca sca aea caa cc !0 chaea 1c| Ja l|ea ta sca sca saa ac| t|ep 1e |ac t|ep vc| ma t|ah
Vc| |c ahc trca ?051 th|ch hcp chc ahaa chaca tr|ah cc a mc ahc,ta ah|ea ?051 cc the
ket hcp 1acc vc| |c ahc aca| chc chaca tr|ah cc a mc lca 9aa 1a la |c| th|ea caa chaa em
ve v| 1|ea kh|ea ?051
a 0|c| th|ea caa trac phaa caa ?051
a1 9c 1c chaa ?051
?051 la !0 v| 1|ea kh|ea (H|crcccatrcllerl Jc haa !atel saa xaat !0 aa cc 1ac 1|em aha saa
- 4k |te k0H,12? |te kAH
- 4 lcrt !0 ? ||t
- 2 |c 1em 1|ah thc| 15 ||t
- 0|ac t|ep ac| t|ep
- 54k |te khca |aa |c ahc chaca tr|ah mc rca
- 54k |te khca |aa |c ahc Ja l|ea mc rca
- Hct |c xa l laaa l (thac tac trea cac ||t 1cal
- 210 ||t 1acc 1|a chi hca
- 8c ahaa ch|a 4
9c lacc ve cac chaa caa ?051

Nc ra
0N
Ia 1|ah thc|
|ea trc 1|ah thc|
5 6 7
8
7
6
5

1

2
Ia ac ra
Ia lcc thcathap
Ncvac
4,759,0V

a2 0hac aaa caa cac chaa ?051
lcrt 0 ta chaa 2 1ea chaa 9 (l00 _l07l lcrt 0 cc 2 chac aaa trca cac th|et ke
cc ahc khca Jaa |c ahc mc rca ac cc chac aaa aha cac 1aca !0, 1c| vc| th|et ke lca cc |c
ahc mc rca ac 1acc ket hcp |aa |as 1|a chi va |as Ja l|ea
lcrt 1 ta chaa 1 1ea chaa 9 (l10 _ l17l lcrt 1 la pcrt !0 Jaa chc |ac t|ep vc| th|et ||
aca| aea caa
lcrt 2 ta chaa 21 1ea chaa 2? (l20 _l27l lcrt 2 la mct pcrt cc tac Jaa kep Jaa
aha cac 1aca xaat ahap hcac la |te cac caa |as 1|a chi 1c| vc| cac th|et || Jaa |c ahc mc rca
lcrt ta chaa 10 1ea chaa 17 (l0 _ l7l lcrt la pcrt cc tac Jaa kep 0ac chaa
caa pcrt aa cc ah|ea chac aaa, cc cca Jaa chaea 1c| cc l|ea he 1ea cac 1ac t|ah 1ac ||et caa
?051 aha c |aa saa
8|t Iea 0hac a
aa chaea 1c|
l0
l1
l2
l
l4
l5
kX
IX
!NI0\
!NI1\
I0
I1
Nc vac Ja l|ea ac| t|ep
Nc xaat Ja l|ea ac| t|ep
Nc vac aat caa tha 0
Nc vac aat caa tha 1
Nc vac I!H!k 00UNI!k tha 0
Nc vac caa I!H!k 00UNI!k tha 1
8031
EA/VP
31
X1
19
X2
18
RESET
9
P3.2
12
P3.3
13
P3.4
14
P3.5
15
P1.0
1
P1.1
2
P1.2
3
P1.3
4
P1.4
5
P1.5
6
P1.6
7
P1.7
8
P0.0
39
P0.1
38
P0.2
37
P0.3
36
P0.4
35
P0.5
34
P0.6
33
P0.7
32
P2.0
21
P2.1
22
P2.2
23
P2.3
24
P2.4
25
P2.5
26
P2.6
27
P2.7
28
P3.7
17
P3.6
16
PSEN
29
ALE/P
30
P3.1
11
P3.0
10
VCC
40
VSS
20
l5
l7
hk\
k\
I|a h|ea h| Ja l|ea lea |c ahc aca|
I|a h|ea 1cc |c ahc Ja l|ea aca|
l9!N (lrcram stcre eaa|lel
l9!N la t|a h|ea ac ra cc tac Jaa chc phep 1cc |c ahc chaca tr|ah mc rca va thaca
1acc ac| 1ea chaa 0!\ caa !prcm chc phep 1cc cac |te ma leah
l9!N c mac thap trca thc| |aa ?051 la leah 0ac ma leah caa chaca tr|ah 1acc 1cc ta !prcm aa |as Ja
l|ea, 1acc chct vac thaah h| leah |ea trca ?051 1e |a| ma leah Kh| ?051 th| haah chaca tr|ah trca k0H ac|
l9!N c mac cac
A!! (AJJress !atch !aa|lel
Kh| ?051 tra xaat |c ahc |ea aca|, lcrt 0 cc chac aaa la |as 1|a chi va Ja l|ea Jc 1c pha| tach cac 1aca
Ja l|ea va 1|a chi I|a h|ea ra A!! c chaa tha 0 Jaa lam t|a h|ea 1|ea kh|ea 1e |a| 1a hcp cac 1aca 1|a chi va Ja
l|ea kh| ket ac| chaa vc| !0 chct
I|a h|ea c chaa A!! la mct xaa trca khcaa thc| |aa pcrt 0 1ca va| trc la 1|a chi thap aea chct 1|a chi
hcaa tcaa ta 1ca
!A\ (!xteraal Accessl I|a h|ea vac !A\ c chaa 1 thaca 1acc mac lea mac 1 hcac mac 0 Nea c mac 1,
?051 th| haah chaca tr|ah ta k0H ac| Nea c mac 0, ?051 th| haah chaca tr|ah ta |c ahc mc rca 0haa !A\
1acc la lam chaa cap aaca 21V kh| lap tr|ah chc !prcm trca ?051
k9I (kesetl Kh| ac vac t|a h|ea aa 1aa lea mac cac |t ahat 2 cha k ma, cac thaah h| |ea trca
1acc aap ahaa |a tr| th|ch hcp 1e khc| 1ca he thca Kh| cap 1|ea mach pha| ta 1ca reset
0ac ac vac |c Jac 1ca X1, X2
8c tac Jac 1ca 1acc t|ch hcp |ea trca ?051 Kh| sa Jaa ?051, aac| ta chi caa ac| them ta thach aah va cac
ta Iaa sc ta thach aah thaca la 12 Hh
| 0aa trac |ea trca caa ?051
|1 9c 1c khc| |ea trca ?051
T1
T0
ieu
khien
Cac
thanh
ghi khac
128
byte RAM
MRO
Timer
2Timer
1Timer 0
CPU
Oscillator ieu khien
bus
Cac port I/
O
Port noi
tiep
Port noi
Timer 0
Timer 1
Timer 2
INT0
INT1
EA
RST
PSEN
ALE
P0 P2
P1 P3
TxD RxD
T2
|2 Khac sat cac khc| ahc |ea trca ?051
`Ic chac |c ahc
7!
kAH A UN0
0
2! 7! 7! 7 70 78 7A 79 7
?
2! 77 75 75 74 7 72 71 7
0
2 5! 5! 5 50 58 5A 59 5
?
20 57 55 55 54 5 52 51 5
0
28 5! 5! 5 50 58 5A 59 5
?
2A 57 55 55 54 5 52 51 5
0
29 4! 4! 4 40 48 4A 49 4
?
2? 47 45 45 44 4 42 41 4
0
27 ! ! 0 8 A 9
?
25 7 5 5 4 2 1
0
25 2! 2! 2 20 28 2A 29 2
?
24 27 25 25 24 2 22 21 2
0
2 1! 1! 1 10 18 1A 19 1
?
22 17 15 15 14 1 12 11 1
0
21 0! 0! 0 00 08 0A 09 0
?
20 07 05 05 04 0 02 01 0
0
1!
8ANK
1?
17
8ANK 2
10
0!
8ANK 1
0?
07
8aak thaah h| 0 ( mac 1|ah chc k0k7l
00
U IkU0 kAH N0!
!0 !7 !5 !5 !4 ! !2 !1 !0
!0 !7 !5 !5 !4 ! !2 !1 !0
0 7 5 5 50 58 5A 59 5?
8? 80 88 8A 89 8?
80 87 85 85 84 8 82 81 80
A? A! A! A A0 A8 AA A9 A?
A0 A7 A5 A5 A4 A A2 A1 A0
99 Khca cc 1|a chi hca taa ||t
9? 9! 9! 9 90 98 9A 99 9?
90 97 9
5
95 94 9 92 91 90
? Khca 1acc 1|a chi hca taa ||t
?0 Khca 1acc 1|a chi hca taa ||t
?A Khca 1acc 1|a chi hca taa ||t
?? ?! ?
!
? ?0 ?8 ?A ?9 ??
? Khca 1acc 1|a chi hca taa ||t
?0 ?7 ?5 ?
5
?4 ? ?2 ?1 ?0
IhANh 0h! 0hU0 NAN0 A0 8!!I
8c ahc |ea trca ?051 |ac cm k0H va kAH kAH |ac cm ah|ea thaah phaa phaa laa tra 1a
Jaa, phaa laa tra 1|a chi hca taa ||t, cac |aak thaah h| va cac thaah h| chac aaa 1ac ||et
?051 cc |c ahc thec caa trac harvarJ cc ahaa vaa ahc r|ea ||et chc chaca tr|ah va
Ja l|ea 0haca tr|ah va Ja l|ea cc the chaa |ea trca ?051 ahaa ?051 vaa cc the ket ac| vc|
54 k |te |c ahc chaca tr|ah va 54 k |te |c ahc Ja l|ea mc rca
kam |ea trca ?051 1acc phaa ch|a aha saa
- 0ac |aak thaah h| cc 1|a chi ta 00h 1ea 1!h
- kam 1|a chi hca taa ||t cc 1|a chi ta 20h 1ea 2!h
- kam 1a Jaa ta 0h 1ea 7!h
- 0ac thaah h| chac aaa 1ac ||et ta ?0h 1ea !!h
kam 1a Jaa
Hc| 1|a chi trca vaa ram 1a Jaa 1ea cc the 1acc tra xaat ta Jc Jaa k|ea 1|a chi trac
t|ep ha |aa t|ep V| Ja 1e 1cc ac| Jaa c ahc c 1|a chi 5!h caa ram ac| vac thaah h| t|ch la A
H0V A,5!h
hcac tra xaat Jaa cach 1|a chi |aa t|ep aa k0 ha k1 V| Ja 2 leah saa se th| haah caa ah|em
va aha leah c trea
H0V k0, #5!h
H0V A , Ok0
kam cc the tra xaat taa ||t
?051 chaa 210 ||t 1acc 1|a chi hca taa ||t, trca 1c 12? ||t chaa c cac |te cc 1|a chi
ta 20h 1ea 2!h, cac ||t cca la| chaa trca ahcm thaah h| chac aaa 1ac ||et
Ytaca tra xaat taa ||t |aa phaa mem la mct 1ac t|ah maah caa v| 1|ea kh|ea ac| chaa
0ac ||t cc the 1acc 1at, xca, aaJ, cr, vc| 1 leah 1ca Nca| ra cac pcrt caa cc the tra xaat 1acc
taa ||t lam 1ca |aa phaa mem xaat ahap taa ||t
V| Ja 1e 1at ||t 57h ta Jaa leah saa 9!I8 57h
0ac |aak thaah h|
8c leah ?051 hc trc ? thaah h| cc tea la k0 1ea k7 va thec mac 1|ah (saa kh| reset he
thcal, cac thaah h| aac cac 1|a chi 00h 1ea 07h leah saa 1a se 1cc ac| Jaa c 1|a chi 05h
vac thaah h| t|ch la H0V A, k5
a la leah 1 |te Jaa 1|a chi thaah h| Ia ah|ea cc the th| haah |aa leah 2 |te Jaa
1|a chi trac t|ep aam trca |te tha 2 H0V A, 05h
!eah Jaa cac thaah h| k0 1ea k7 th| se aaa hca va ahaah hca ah|ea sc vc| leah taca
aa Jaa 1|a chi trac t|ep
8aak thaah h| t|ch cac |aa cach tha 1c| cac ||t trca ta traa tha| chaca tr|ah (l9hl
0|a sa thaah h| tha 1aa 1acc tra xaat, leah saa 1a se J| chaea ac| Jaa caa thaah h| A vac
c ahc ram cc 1|a chi 1?h H0V k0, A
` 0ac thaah h| cc chac aaa 1ac ||et
?051 cc 21 thaah h| chac aaa 1ac ||et (9!k 9pec|al !aat|ca ke|sterl c vaa trea caa kAH ac|
ta 1|a chi ?0h 1ea !!h
0ha tat ca 12? 1|a chi ta ?0h 1ea !!h khca 1acc 1|ah ah|a, chi cc 21 thaah h| chac aaa
1ac ||et 1acc 1|ah ah|a saa cac 1|a chi
Ihaah h| traa tha| chaca tr|ah
Ihaah h| traa tha| chaca tr|ah l9h (lrcram 9tatas hcrJ l c 1|a chi 0h chaa cac ||t traa tha|
aha |aa saa
8|t K h|ea |a chi Y ah|a
l9h7
l9h5
l9h5
l9h4
l9h
l9h2
l9h1
l9h0
0Y
A0
!0
k91
k90
0V
_
l
7h
5h
5h
4h
h
2h
1h
0h
0c ahc
0c ahc pha
0c 0
8|t 1 chca |aak thaah h|
8|t 0 chca |aak thaah h|
00=|aak 0 1|a chi 00h 07h
01=|aak 1 1|a chi 0?h 0!h
10=|aak 2 1|a chi 10h 1!h
11=|aak 1|a chi 1?h 1!h
0c traa
a tra
0c par|t chaa le
0c ahc
0 = 1 aea phep tcaa cca cc traa hcac phep tcaa tra cc maca va aacc la| 0 = 0 V| Ja
aea thaah h| A cc |a tr| !! th| leah saa
A A, #1
lhep cca aa cc traa aea ||t 0 = 1 va ket aa trca thaah h| A = 00h
0c ahc cc the xem la thaah h| 1 ||t chc cac leah laaa l th| haah trea ||t AN! 0,
25h
0c ahc pha
Kh| cca cac sc 80, cc ahc pha A0 = 1 aea ket aa 4 ||t thap trca khcaa 0Ah 1ea 0!h
Nacc la| A0 = 0
0c 0
0c 0 la mct ||t cc 1a Jaa Jaah chc cac aa Jaa caa aac| Jaa
0ac ||t chca |aakthaah h| tra xaat
0ac ||t chca |aak thaah h| (k90 va k91l xac 1|ah |aak thaah h| 1acc tra xaat 0haa 1acc
xca saa kh| reset he thca va 1acc tha 1c| |aa phaa mem aea caa V| Ja leah saa chc phep |aak
thaah h| va J| chaea ac| Jaa caa |aak thaah h| k7 (1|a chi |e 1!hl vac thaah h| A
9!I8 k91
9!I8 k90
H0V A,k7
Ihaah h| 8
Ihaah h| 8 c 1|a chi !0h 1acc Jaa caa vc| thaah h| t|ch la A chc cac phep tcaa ahaa
va ch|a !eah HU! A8 se ahaa cac |a tr| khca Jaa ? ||t trca A va 8 rc| tra ket aa ve 15 ||t
trca A (|te thapl va 8 (|te cacl !eah !V A8 se ch|a A chc 8 rc| tra ket aa aaea trca A va
phaa Ja trca 8 thaah h| caa cc the xem aha thaah h| 1em 1a Jaa
0ca trc aaa xep
0ca trc aaa xep 9l la mct thaah h| ? ||t c 1|a chi 1?h Nc chaa 1|a chi caa |te Ja l|ea
h|ea haah trea 1iah caa aaa xep 0ac leah trea aaa xep |ac cm cac leah cat Ja l|ea vac aaa
xep va la Ja l|ea ra khc| aaa xep !eah cat Ja l|ea vac aaa xep se lam taa 9l tracc kh| h| Ja
l|ea va leah la Ja l|ea ra khc| aaa xep se lam |am 9l Naa xep caa ?051 1acc |a trca ram
ac| va |c| haa cac 1|a chi cc the tra xaat |aa 1|a chi |aa t|ep, chaa la 12? |te 1aa caa
?051
e khc| 1ca 9l vc| aaa xep |at 1aa ta| 1|a chi 50 h, cac leah saa 1a 1acc Jaa
H0V 9l,#5!h
Kh| reset ?051, 9l se maa |a tr| mac 1|ah la 07h va Ja l|ea 1aa t|ea se 1acc cat vac c ahc
aaa xep cc 1|a chi la 0? h Naa xep 1acc tra xaat trac t|ep |aa cac leah lU9h va l0l 1e laa
tra tam thc| va la la| Ja l|ea hcac tra xaat aam |aa leah c| chaca tr|ah cca A0A!!,!0A!! va
cac leah trc ve (k!I k!I!l 1e laa tra |a tr| caa |c 1em chaca tr|ah kh| |at 1aa thac h|ea chaca
tr|ah cca va la la| kh| ket thac chaca tr|ah cca
0ca trc Ja l|ea
0ca trc Ja l|ea lIk 1acc Jaa 1e tra xaat |c ahc aca| la mct thaah h| 15 ||t c 1|a
chi ?2h (l! |te thapl va ?h (lh |te cacl leah saa se h| 55h vac ram aca| c 1|a chi
1000h
H0V A,#55h
H0V lIk, #1000h
H0VX OlIk,A
0ac thaah h| pcrt xaat ahap
0ac pcrt caa ?051 |ac cm pcrt 0 c 1|a chi ?0h, pcrt 1 c 1|a chi 90h, pcrt 2 c 1|a chi A0h, va
pcrt c 1|a chi 80h tat ca cac pcrt aa 1ea cc the tra xaat taa ||t aea rat thaaa t|ea trca kha
aaa |ac t|ep
0ac thaah h| t|mer
?051 cc chaa 2 |c 1|ah thc| 1em 15 ||t 1acc Jaa chc v|ec 1|ah thc| hcac 1em sa k|ea
I|mer 0 c 1|a chi ?Ah (I!0 |te thapl va ?0h (Ih0 |te cacl I|mer 1 c 1|a chi ?8h (I!1 |te
thapl va ?h (Ih1 |te cacl V|ec khc| 1ca t|mer 1acc 9et |c| I|mer HcJe (IH0l c 1|a chi ?9h
va thaah h| 1|ea kh|ea t|mer (I00Nl c 1|a chi ??h, chi cc I00N 1acc 1|a chi hca taa ||t
0ac thaah h| pcrt ac| t|ep
?051 chaa mct pcrt ac| t|ep Jaah chc v|ec trac 1c| thca t|a vc| cac th|et || ac| t|ep aha
ma t|ah, mcJem hcac |ac t|ep ac| t|ep vc| cac !0 khac Hct thaah h| c| la |c 1em Ja l|ea ac|
t|ep (98U!l c 1|a chi 99h se |a ca 2 Ja l|ea traea va Ja l|ea ahaa Kh| traea Ja l|ea th| h| lea
98U!, kh| ahaa Ja l|ea th| 1cc 98U! 0ac mcJe vaa haah khac ahaa 1acc lap tr|ah aa thaah h|
1|ea kh|ea pcrt ac| t|ep 900N c 1|a chi 9?h
0ac thaah h| aat
?051 cc caa trac 5 aaca aat, 2 mac aa t|ea 0ac aat || cam saa kh| reset he thca va
se 1acc chc phep |aa v|ec h| thaah h| chc phep aat (!!l c 1|a chi A?h, ca 2 thaah h| 1acc 1|a
chi hca taa ||t
Ihaah h| 1|ea kh|ea cca saat
Ihaah h| 1|ea kh|ea cca saat (l00Nl c 1|a chi ?7h chaa cac ||t 1|ea kh|ea
I|a h|ea keset
?051 cc ac vac reset k9I tac 1ca c mac cac trca khcaa thc| |aa 2 cha k, saa 1c
xaca mac thap 1e ?051 |at 1aa lam v|ec k9I cc the k|ch |aa ta |aa mct ph|m ahaa thaca
mc, sc 1c mach reset aha h|ah trea (h|ah al
saa kh| reset he thca 1acc tcm tat aha saa
Ihaah h| Nc| Jaa
em chaca tr|ah l0
Ihaahh| t|ch la A
Ihaah h| 8
Ihaah h| traa tha|
9l
lIk
lcrt 0 1ea lcrt
!l
!!
0ac thaah h| 1|ah thc|
0000h
00h
00h
00h
07h
0000h
!!h
XXX0000 8
0XX00000 8
00h
Ihaah h| aaa trca ahat la thaah h| |c 1em chaca tr|ah l0 1acc keset ta| 1|a chi
0000h Kh| ac vac k9I xaca mac thap, chaca tr|ah laca |at 1aa ta| 1|a chi 0000h caa |c
ahc chaca tr|ah Nc| Jaa caa kam trca ch|p khca || ha 1c| |c| tac 1ca caa ac vac keset
chcat 1ca thaah h| I!H!k
?051 cc ha| t|mer 15 ||t, mc| t|mer cc |ca cach lam v|ec Nac| ta sa Jaa cac t|mer 1e
- |ah khcaa thc| |aa
- em sa k|ea
- Iac tcc 1c |aaJ chc pcrt ac| t|ep trca ?051
Irca cac aa Jaa 1|ah khcaa thc| |aa, aac| ta lap tr|ah t|mer c ahaa khcaa 1ea 1aa va 1at
cc traa t|mer 0c 1acc Jaa 1e 1ca |c hca chaca tr|ah 1e thac h|ea mct tac 1ca aha k|em tra
traa tha| caa cac ac vac hcac a| sa k|ea ra cac acra 0ac aa Jaa khac cc the sa Jaa v|ec
tac xaa ah|p 1ea 1aa caa t|mer 1e 1c thc| |aa trc| aa |aa ha| sa k|ea (v| Ja 1c 1c rca xaa l
Ira xaat cac t|mer caa ?051 Jaa saa thaah h| chac aaa 1ac ||et chc trca |aa saa
9!k Hac |ch |a chi |a chi hca taa ||t
I00N |ea kh|ea I|mer ??h 0c
IH0 0he 1c I|mer ?9h Khca
I!0 8te thap caa I|mer 0 90h Khca
I!1 8te thap caa I|mer 1 91h Khca
Ih0 8te cac caa I|mer 0 92h Khca
Ih1 8te cac caa I|mer 1 9h Khca
0ac thaah h| chac aaa caa t|mer trca ?01
Ihaah h| che 1c t|mer (IH0l
Ihaah h| IH0 chaa ha| ahcm 4 ||t Jaa 1e 1at che 1c lam v|ec chc I|mer 0, va I|mer 1
8|t Iea I|mer Hc ta
7 0AI! 1 8|t mc cca, kh| lea 1 t|mer chi cha kh| !NI1 c mac cac
5 0I 1 8|t chca che 1c 0caatI|mer
1 = |c 1em sa k|ea
0 = |c 1|ah khcaa thc| |aa
5 H1 1 8|t 1 caa che 1c mcJe
0AI! 0 8|t mc cca, kh| lea 1 t|mer chi cha kh| !NI0 c mac cac
2 0I 0
8|t chca che 1c 0caatI|mer
Icm tat thaah h| chac aaa IH0
Ihaah h| 1|ea kh|ea t|mer(I00Nl
Ihaah h| I00N chaa cac ||t traa tha| va cac ||t 1|ea kh|ea chc I|mer 1, I|mer 0
8|t K h|ea |a chi Hc ta
I00N7 I!1 ?!h 0c |ac traa t|mer 1 at |c| phaa caa kh| traa, 1acc
xca |c| phaa mem, hcac phaa caa kh| |c xa l chi 1ea
chaca tr|ah phac va aat
I00N5 Ik1 ?!h 8|t 1|ea kh|ea t|mer 1 cha 1at xca |aa phaa mem 1e
chc t|mer cha aaa
I00N5 I!0 ?h 0c |ac traa I|mer 0
I00N4 Ik0 ?0h 8|t 1|ea kh|ea I|mer 0 cha
I00N !!1 ?8h 0c caah aat 1 |ea aca| at |c| phaa caa kh| phat
h|ea mct caah xaca c !NI1 xca |aa phaa mem hcac
phaa caa kh| 0lU chi 1ea chaca tr|ah phac va aat
I00N2 !I1 ?Ah 0c k|ea aat 1 |ea aca| at xca |aa phaa mem 1e
aat aca| t|ch cac caah xaca mac thap
I00N1 !!0 ?9h 0c caah aat 0 |ea aca|
I00N0 !I0 ??h 0c k|ea aat 0 |ea aca|
Icm tat thaah h| chac aaa I00N
Khc| 1ca va tra xaat thaah h| t|mer
Ihca thaca cac thaah h| 1acc khc| 1ca mct laa 1aa c chaca tr|ah 1e 1at c che 1c lam
v|ec 1aa 9aa 1c, trca thaa chaca tr|ah, cac thaah h| t|mer 1acc chc cha, Jaa, cac ||t 1acc
k|em tra va xca, cac thaah h| t|mer 1acc 1cc va cap ahat thec 1c| hc| cac aa Jaa
IH0 la thaah h| tha ahat 1acc khc| 1ca v| ac 1at che 1c hcat 1ca V| Ja, cac leah saa
khc| 1ca I|mer 1 aha t|mer 15 ||t (che 1c 1l cc xaa ah|p ta |c Jac 1ca tea ch|p chc v|ec 1|ah
khcaa thc| |aa
H0V IH0, #18
!eah aa se 1at H1 = 1 va H0 = 0 chc che 1c 1, 0 I= 0 va 0AI! = 0 chc xaa ah|p ac|
va xca cac ||t che 1c I|mer 0 | ah|ea, t|mer khca that sa |at 1aa 1|ah thc| chc 1ea kh| ||t 1|ea
kh|ea cha Ik1 1acc 1at lea 1
Nea caa sc 1em |aa 1aa, cac thaah h| I!1Ih1 caa pha| 1acc khc| 1ca Hct khcaa
100s cc the 1acc khc| 1ca |aa cach khc| 1ca |a tr| chc Ih1I!1 la !!90h
H0V I!1, #90h
H0V Ih1, #0!!h
kc| t|mer 1acc chc cha |aa cach 1at ||t 1|ea kh|ea cha aha saa
9!I8 Ik1
0c |ac traa 1acc ta 1ca 1at lea 1 saa 100s lhaa mem cc the 1c| trca 100 s |aa cach
Jaa leah re ahaah cc 1|ea k|ea aha 1ea ch|ah ac trca kh| cc |ac traa chaa 1acc 1at lea 1
hA!I JN8 I!1, hA!I
Kh| t|mer traa, caa Jaa t|mer va xca cc |ac traa trca phaa mem
0!k Ik1
0!k I!1

J Nat ( !NI!kkUlIl
Hct aat la sa xa ra mct 1|ea k|ea, mct sa k|ea ma ac a ra trec tam thc| thc| chaca
tr|ah ch|ah trca kh| 1|ea k|ea 1c 1acc phac va |c| mct chaca tr|ah khac
0ac aat 1ca mct va| trc aaa trca trca th|et ke va ca| 1at cac aa Jaa v| 1|ea kh|ea
0haa chc phep he thca 1ap aa |at 1ca |c vc| mct sa k|ea va |a| aet sa k|ea 1c trca kh|
mct chaca tr|ah khac 1aa thac th|
Ic chac aat caa ?051
0c 5 aaca aat c ?01 2 aat aca|, 2 aat ta t|mer va 1 aat pcrt ac| t|ep Iat ca
cac aat thec mac ah|ea 1ea || cam saa kh| reset he thca va 1acc chc phep taa ca| mct |aa
phaa mem
Kh| cc ha| hcac ah|ea aat 1ca thc|, hcac mct aat xa ra kh| mct aat khac 1aa 1acc
phac va, cc ca ha| sa taaa ta hc| vca va sc 1c aa t|ea ha| mac Jaa 1e xac 1|ah v|ec thac h|ea cac
aat V|ec hc| vca taaa ta th| cc 1|ah ahaa aa t|ea aat th| cc the lap tr|ah 1acc
0hc phep va cam aat
Hc| aaca aat 1acc chc phep hcac cam aat aa mct thaah h| chac aaa 1at ||et cc 1|ah
1|a chi ||t !! ( !aterrapt !aa|le chc phep aat l c 1|a chi A?h
8|t K h|ea |a chi ||t Hc ta
!!7 !A A!h 0hc phep 0am tcaa |c
!!5 _ A!h Khca 1acc mc ta
!!5 !I2 Ah 0hc phep aat ta I|mer 2 (?052l
!!4 !9 A0h 0hc phep aat pcrt ac| t|ep
!! !I1 A8h 0hc phep aat ta I|mer 1
!!2 !X1 AAh 0hc phep aat aca| 1
!!1 !I0 A9h 0hc phep aat ta I|mer 0
!!0 !X0 A?h 0hc phep aat aca| 0
Icm tat thaah h| !!
0ac cc aat
Kh| 1|ea k|ea aat xa ra th| aa vc| taa lca| aat ma lca| cc 1c 1acc 1at lea mct 1e xac
ahaa aat
Nat 0c Ihaah h| 9!k va v| tr| ||t
8ea aca| 0 !!0 I00N1
8ea aca| 1 !!1 I00N
I|mer 1 I!1 I00N7
I|mer 0 I!0 I00N5
lcrt ac| t|ep I! 900N1
lcrt ac| t|ep k! 900N0
0ac lca| cc aat
0ac vectc aat
Kh| chap ahaa aat, |a tr| 1acc aap vac l0 1acc c| la vectcr aat Nc la 1|a chi |at 1aa
caa !9k chc aaca tac aat, cac vectcr aat 1acc chc c |aa saa
Nat 0c |a chi vectcr
keset he thca k9I 0000h
8ea aca| 0 !!0 000h
I|mer 0 I!0 0008h
8ea aca| 1 !!1 001h
I|mer 1 I!1 0018h
lcrt ac| t|ep I! va k! 002h
I|mer 2 0028h
Vectcr reset he thca (k9I c 1|a chi 0000hl 1acc 1e trca |aa aa v| thec ah|a aa, ac |ca
aat ac aat chaca tr|ah ch|ah va aap chc l0 |a tr| mc|
e Ket hcp ?051 vc| |c ahc aca|
V| xa l (H|crcprccesscrl la !0 chaea Jaa ve xa l Ja l|ea, 1|ea kh|ea thec mct chaca
tr|ah, maca H|crcprccesscr thac h|ea mct cca v|ec | aac| sa Jaa pha| lap tr|ah ha v|et chaca
tr|ah 0haca tr|ah pha| laa tra c 1aa 1e H|crcprccesscr ahaa leah va th| haah, 1c| kh| trca lac xa
l chaca tr|ah H|crcprccesscr caa ac| laa tra tam thc| cac Ja l|ea saa 1c la ra 1e t|ep tac xa l
Nc| laa tra chaca tr|ah chc H|crcprccesscr thac h|ea va ac| laa tra tam thc| Ja l|ea ch|ah la |c
ahc 0ac |c ahc caa H|crcprcesscr la cac !0, cac !0 ahc aa cc the 1cc Ja l|ea ra, h| Ja l|ea vac
hcac chi 1cc Ja l|ea ra c| kh| |c ahc caa H|crcprccesscr khca 1a 1e laa tra ahaa thca t|a caa
th|et kh| cha chaca tr|ah, kh| 1c pha| Jaa k thaat mc rca |c ahc ?051 cc kha aaa mc rca
|c ahc 1ea 54k |te |c ahc chaca tr|ah va 54k |te |c ahc Ja l|ea |ea aca| 8c ahc chaca
tr|ah la |c ahc kcm cca |c ahc Ja l|ea la |c ahc kam
_ 8c ahc kam ch|a ra lam 2 lca| 9ram va ram ram 1acc che tac Jaa k thaat H09, cc
Jaa laca |c ahc lca, cca xaat t|ea taa thap va tcc 1c hcat 1ca traa ||ah 0 9ram Ja l|ea laa
tra vac cac !l|p !lcp cca ram Ja l|ea laa tra mac 0 va 1 taca 1aca vc| aa tr|ah aap va xa caa
mct ta 1|ea khcaa va| p! 8c| v| 1|ea ap caa ta se sa |am Jaa Jc 1c ram 1c| hc| cha k aap la|
aea khca maca mat Ja l|ea va 1acc c| la aa tr|ah lam tac| kam, 1a ch|ah la khaet 1|em caa
ram sc vc| 9ram 8c ahc kcm cc ah|ea lca| lk0H, !lk0H, !!lk0H ahaa !lk0H cc the lap
tr|ah |c| aac| Jaa, cc the xca va lap tr|ah la| ah|ea laa aea trca 1c aa aa chaa em Jaa
!lk0H 2754 va Jaa 9kAH 5254 ac 1|em, sc 1c chaa va |aa sa that caa 2754 va 5254
c h|ah Jac| 1a
9kAH 5254 la |c ahc 1acc che tac thec cca ahe 0H09, cc Jaa laca
5555 ||t 1acc tc chac thaah ?192x? ||t (?K8tel, 1|ea ap caa cap la 5V, thc| |aa tra cap
khcaa 150as Nc vacra Ja l|ea 1acc Jaa chaa, cac ac vacra aa taca th|ch II! 0ca saat
t|ea taa c traa tha| chc rat thap chi khcaa 0,1mh sc vc| kh| hcat 1ca ||ah thaca la 200mh
9c 1c chaa va sc 1c lc|c caa 5254 aha saa
Ia sc 1c chaa chc ta tha ca chaa 1acc ch|a thaah 4 ahcm
Vcc, 0N chaa aaca
c 1ea 7 chaa Ja l|ea
Ac 1ea A12 chaa 1|a chi
!lk0H 2754 la |c ahc chi 1cc 1acc che tac thec cca ahe NH09, Jaa mct aaca 1ca
5V, Jaa laca |c ahc la 5555 ||t, 1acc tc chac thaah ?192x? ||t (?K8tel 2754 la lca|
!lk0H cc the xca |aa t|a cac t|m va cc the h| la| 1acc ah|ea laa 0c ha| k|ea hcat 1ca ||ah
thaca va chc 0 traa tha| chc, cca saat t|ea tha la 12mh sc vc| 525mh kh| c traa tha| 1cc
Ja l|ea, thc| |aa tra xaat la 200as 9c 1c chaa va sc 1c lc|c caa 2754 aha saa
DQ
0
-DQ
7
6 2 6 4
A
0
-A
12
CE
1
\
CE
2
OE\
WE\
N.C
A
12
A
7
A
6
A
5
A
4
A
3
A
2
A
1
A
0
DQ
0
6 2 6 4
V
cc
WE\
CE
2
A
8
A
9
A
11
OE\
A
10
CE
1
\
DQ
7
DQ
6
Mode \ Pin WE\ CE
1
\ CE
2
OE\ Output
Not Select
x H x x
x x L x
Hi-Z
Output
Disable
H L H H Hi-Z
Read H L H L D
out
Write L L H H D
in
V
pp
A
12
A
7
A
6
A
5
A
4
A
3
A
2
A
1
A
0
O
0
2 7 6 4
Vcc
PGM\
N.C
A
8
A
9
A
11
OE\
A
10
CE\
O
7
O
6
O
5
2 7 6 4
CE\
OE\
V
PP
D
0
-D
7
A
0
-A
12
WE, OE, CS1, CS2 : chan ieu khien
!lk0H cc the 1acc lap |c| aac| lap tr|ah sa Jaa va ac caa cc the xca 1e lap tr|ah la| kh| aac
maca
!lk0H Jaa trca mach 1acc chaa saa chaca tr|ah 1|ea kh|ea, tac la chi xaat ata mc| kh| 0lU
tham khac 1ea, Jc 1c ta chi aaa tam 1ea che 1c 1cc va chc aa vac cac HcJe hcat 1ca trea th|
!lk0H 1acc 1|ea kh|ea cac chaa saa
- l0H = 5 Vclt (Vcc l
- 0!\ ac| chaa l9!N caa 0lU
- 0!\ ac| xaca 090
0he 1c 1cc (keaJ HcJe l 0he 1c aa 1acc th|et lap kh| 0!\ va 0!\ c mac thap, l0H c mac cac
0c ha| ac vac 1|ea kh|ea Jaa 1e tra xaat ata ta k0H la 0!\ va 0!\ Jaa 1e k|em scat ac ra
ata, 1aa ata lea ata |as
0he 1c chc (9taa| HcJe l 0he 1c aa lam |am cca saat t|ea tha 1acc th|et lap kh| 0!\ c mac
cac, c che 1c aa ata c traa tha| trc khaa cac 1cc lap
`0|a| ma 1|a chi
c ?051 th|et ke caa aaa l ah|ea th|et || aca| v|, ah|ea c ahc, maca lam 1acc v|ec aa
aac| ta pha| caa cap chc mc| c ahc va th|et || aca| v| tam 1|a chi chc th|et || 1c V| va caa cc
mach |a| ma 1|a chi trca mach 1|ea Nac| ta thaca Jaa !0 |a| ma 74h01? vc| cac ac ra
1acc ac| tc| cac ac vac chca ch|p (09\l trea cac !0 ahc 9aa 1a la sc 1c chaa, |aa sa that va
1ac 1|em caa 741?
HcJe (che 1cl 0!\ 0!\ l0H\ V
ll
ka (0atpatl
cc ! ! h V
cc
cat
0hc h x x V
cc
h|3
!ap tr|ah ! x ! V
pp
|a
K|em tra ! ! h V
pp
c at
0am lap tr|ah h x x V
pp
h|3
8aa traa tha|
A
B
C
G
2A
G
2B
G
1
Y
7
V
cc
Y
0
Y
1
Y
2
Y
3
Y
4
Y
5
7 4 1 3
8
7 4 1 3
8
A
B
C
Y
0
...Y
7
G
2A\
G
2B
9c 1c chaa
sc lacc ve cac chaa
Nc vac A,8,0 la cac chaa ac vac sc ah| phaa ||t 0 la ||t cc trca sc lca ahat, A la ||t
cc trca sc ahc ahat
0ac chaa ac ra Yc Y7, t|ch cac mac thap
0ac chaa 1|ea kh|ea 0
1
,0
2A
, 0
28
!0 chi hcat 1ca |a| ma kh| cac chaa 1|ea kh|ea 1ca thc|
t|ch cac 01 t|ch cac c mac cac, 0
2A
\ va 0
28
\ t|ch cac c mac thap Kh| mct trca chaa aa
khca t|ch cac cac ac ra ta Yc Y7 c mac cac
`0|a| 1a hcp cac 1aca Ja l|ea va 1aca 1|a chi
Kh| Jaa |c ahc aca|, pcrt 0 khca cca la pcrt !0 thaaa ta Nc 1acc ket hcp |aa |as 1|a
chi va |as Ja l|ea aea Jaa t|a h|ea A!! va !0 chct 1e chct |te thap caa |as 1|a chi kh| |at 1aa
mc| cha k |c ahc lcrt2 chc |te cac caa |as 1|a chi 0 1a chaa em Jaa !0 chct 747 9c 1c
chaa, 1ac 1|em va |aa traa tha| caa 747
9c 1c chaa
8aa traa tha|
INPUTS
ENABLE SELECT
OUTPUTS
G
1
G
2
C B A Y
0
Y
1
Y
2
Y
3
Y
4
Y
5
Y
6
Y
7
x H x x x H H H H H H H H
L x x x x H H H H H H H H
H L L L L L H H H H H H H
H L L L H H L H H H H H H
H L L H L H H L H H H H H
H L L H H H H H L H H H H
H L H L L H H H H L H H H
H L H L H H H H H H L H H
H L H H L H H H H H H L H
H L H H H H H H H H H H L
7 4 3 7
3
D
0
-D
7
Q
0
-Q
7
OC \
G
Output
Control (OC)
Enable
G
D OUTPUT
L H H H
L H L L
L L x Q
0
H x x HI-Z
V
cc
Q
0
Q
1
Q
2
Q
3
Q
4
Q
5
Q
6
OE\
D
0
D
1
D
2
D
3
D
4
D
5
D
6
7 4 3 7
3
ac 1|em
_ 74!97 cm ? !! cc ac ra traa tha| 1acc 1|ea kh|ea chct va xaat Ja l|ea |aa
chaa 0 va 00 Irca aa Jaa aa chaa 0 1acc ac| vc| chaa A!! caa ?051, chaa 00 ac| mass
_ la !0 chct ? ||t
_ 0ac |c 1em ac ra traa tha|
_ I|a h|ea 1|ea kh|ea ac ra traa tha| chaa
`Xep chca cac vaa ahc chaca tr|ah va Ja l|ea |ea aca|
V| |c ahc chaca tr|ah la kcm aea xa ra vaa 1e |at t|ea kh| phat tr|ea phaa mem chc
?051 la tc chac |c ahc aha the aac 1e cc the saa 1c| chaca tr|ah va cc the h| trc la| kh| ac
1acc chaa trca |c ahc kcm 0ach |a| aet la xep chca cac vaa Ja l|ea va chaca tr|ah Hct |c
ahc kam cc the chaa ca chaca tr|ah va Ja l|ea |aa cach ac| 1aca 0!\ caa kam 1ea ac ra cca
AN cc 2 ac vac la l9!N\ va k\ 9c 1c mach aha h|ah saa chc phep |c ahc kam cc 2 chac
aaa vaa la |c ahc chaca tr|ah vaa la |c ahc Ja l|ea
Va 1 chaca tr|ah cc the 1acc ta| vac kam (|aa cach h| ac aha |c ahc Ja l|eal va th|
haah chaca tr|ah (|aa cach tra xaat ac aha |c ahc chaca tr|ahl

Khc| h|ea th|
a9c 1c khc| caa mach h|ea th|
8c phaa h|ea th| cm ? leJ 7 1caa aacJ chaa V| cac v| xa l| xa l| cac Ja l|ea la sc ah| phaa
(1,0 l aea caa cc sa |a| ma ta sc ah| phaa saa sc thap phaa 9a |a| ma cc the Jaa |a| ma
|aa phaa caa (!0 |a| mal Ia ah|ea vc| phaa mem aet leJ aac| ta cc the |am |ct 1acc cac !0
|a| ma |am |a thaah caa mach 1|ea Nhaa 1e ket ac| vc| mach h|ea th| pha| caa cc !0 |ac t|ep
vac ra v| cac pcrt caa ?051 1a Jaa chc mac 1|ch khac ?255 la !0 |ac t|ep vac ra sca sca
thca Jaa va cc the 1|ea kh|ea 1acc |aa phaa mem aea chaa em sa Jaa ?255 1e |ac t|ep
vc| cac th|et || aca| v| (phaa h|ea th|l V| Jca ra cac pcrt caa ?255 rat ahc (lca ahat la pcrt A
khcaa 5mAl aea caa cc !0 1em Jca 1e aaa Jca lea 1a kec chc leJ saa 0haa em chca !0 1em
74245 Kh| 1aa Ja l|ea ra 1e h|ea th| tat ca cac leJ 1ea ahaa ahaa ta| mct thc| 1|em chi chc phep
mct leJ 1acc ahaa Ja l|ea aea pha| cc mach |a| ma 1e chca leJ
0haa em sa Jaa !0 |a| ma 74!91?V| va sc 1c khc| caa mach h|ea th| aha saa
WR
RAM
OE\
WR
RD
PSEN

| 0|c| th|ea ve cac l|ah k|ea trca mach
|10ca xaat ahap ?255
Irca he thca V| xa l ha ma v| t|ah aea chi |ac t|ep vc| |c ahc trca k0H, kAH th|
chaa 1a, ma t|ah cca pha| |ac t|ep vc| cac th|et || aca| v| aha |aa ph|m, maa h|ah, ma |a, 1e
cca aac| cc the 1c| thca| 1acc ma t|ah caa aha Jaa ma t|ah 1e 1|ea kh|ea cac th|et || khac e
|ac t|ep vc| ah|ea th|et || aha va, ma t|ah cc the |ac t|ep aa ah|ea 1aca va |ac t|ep vc| ah|ea
h|ah thac khac ahaa aha |ac t|ep ac| t|ep, |ac t|ep sca sca
V| va va| trc caa cca xaat ahap ?255 1e |ac t|ep |aa ma t|ah vc| th|et || aca| la mct 1|ea
caa th|et |ap ma cc the mc rca kha aaa lam v|ec
`9c 1c chaa caa ?255

9c 1c chaa va sc 1c lc|c
I|ah l|ah hcat caa v| mach the h|ea c kha aaa lap tr|ah Qaa mct thaah h| 1|ea kh|ea, aac|
sa Jaa xac 1|ah che 1c hcat 1ca va cca aac caa 1acc sa Jaa aha la lc| vac hcac lc| ra 0ac
chaa ra
0
4
7
tac aea |as Ja l|ea ha| ch|ea cc 1c rca la ? ||t ?255 1acc chca |c| t|a h|ea
mac thap c ac vac chca ch|p 09\ Kh| ?255 khca 1acc chca, |c 1em |as Ja l|ea ac| ?255 vc|
he thca 1acc tha ac| Kh| 1acc chca, cac ac vac A
0
va A
1
1acc Jaa 1e chca thaah h| 1|ea
kh|ea hcac mct trca cac cca vacra 1e trac 1c| Ja l|ea 0ac hcat 1ca cc |aa caa ?255 1acc
tcm tat trca |aa saa
1
A
0
RD\ WR\ CS\ Hoat ong
L L L H L Port A Bus d lieu
L H L H L Port B Bus d lieu
H L L H L Port C Bus d lieu
L L H L L Bus d lieu Port A
L H H L L Bus d lieu Port B
H L H L L Bus d lieu Port C
H H H L L Bus d lieu T ieu
8 2 5 5
A
D
0
-
RD\
WR\
RESET
CS\
A
0
PA
0
-PA
7
PB
0
-PB
7
PC
0
-PC
3
PC
4
-PC
7
PA
3
PA
2
PA
1
PA
0
RD\
CS\
GND
A
1
A
0
PC
7
PC
6
PC
5
PC
4
PC
0
PC
1
PC
2
PA
4
PA
5
PA
6
PA
7
WR\
RESET
D
0
D
1
D
2
D
3
D
4
D
5
D
6
D
7
V
cc
PB
7
8 2 5 5
A
8 0 5 1
Port C
H
8 2 5 5
P ortA
em
7 4 2 4
5
Giai ma
7 4 1 3 8
L E D
Port0
Port
2
` 0ac traa tha| lam v|ec caa ?255
Qaa |aa traa tha| caa ?255, ta tha thaah h| 1|ea kh|ea 1at Jac| 1|a chi |ea trca la A
1
= [1], A
0
= [1] Irca mct cha k h| lea thaah h| 1|ea kh|ea, xac 1|ah cca vacra caa aha che
1c hcat 1ca Kh| chaa k!9!I c mac [h], thaah h| 1|ea kh|ea se 1acc 1at la| va 1|ah ah|a tcaa |c
24 1aca Jaa aha la cac ac vacIraa tha| aa kec Ja| tc| kh| chaca tr|ah aa Jaa v|et ta 1|ea
kh|ea vac thaah h| 1|ea kh|ea 1e xac 1|ah che 1c lam v|ec caa ?255
0ac cca A, 8, 0 1acc phaa thaah ha| ahcm Nhcm A cm cca A va aaa cac caa cca 0,
ahcm 8 cm cca 8 va aaa thap cca la| caa cca 0 0c che 1c hcat 1ca khac ahaa
0he 1c 0 vacra thca thaca
0he 1c 1 chct vacra
0he 1c 2 |as ha| ch|ea
0he 1c 0
Ia 1|ea kh|ea
0he 1c 0 xac lap ha| cca ? ||t (A va 8l va ha| cca 4 ||t (aaa cac va aaa thap caa 0l 8at k
cca aac caa cc the ahap hcac xaat Ja l|ea mct cach 1cc lap ta thec cac ||t
4
,
,
1
va
0

0c 2
4
= 15 kha aaa vacra trca che 1c aa
0aa trac ta 1|ea kh|ea
A
1
A
0
RD\ WR\ CS\
hcat 1ca
L L L H L
lcrt A 8as Ja l|ea
L H L H L
lcrt 8 8as Ja l|ea
H L L H L
lcrt 0 8as Ja l|ea
L L H L L
8as Ja l|ea lcrt A
L H H L L
8as Ja l|ea lcrt 8
H L H L L
8as Ja l|ea lcrt 0
H H H L L
8as Ja l|ea Ia 1|ea kh|ea
x x x x H
8as Ja l|ea c traa tha| h|3
H H L H L
0am
x x H H L
8as Ja l|ea c traa tha| h|3
C lap che
o
1 = tch cc
1 0 0 D
4
D
3
0 D
1
D
0
V| Jca ra cac pcrt caa ?255 rat ahc (lca ahat la pcrt A khcaa 5mAl aea caa cc !0 1em Jca
1e aaa Jca lea 1a kec chc leJ saa 0haa em chca !0 1em 74245, saa 1a la sc 1c chaa, |aa
traa tha| caa 74245
9c 1c chaa va sc 1c lc|c caa 74245 aha saa
Nhcm 8lcrt 0 (thapl1
= ahap0 = xaatlcrt 81
= ahap0 = xaat0hca
che 1c0 = che 1c 01 =
che 1c 1
0c lap che 1c
1 = t|ch cac
Nhcm A
N
lcrt 0
(cacl
(
1 = ahap
1
0 =
xaat
x
lcrt A
l
1 =
ahap
a
0 = xaat
0
0hca
che 1c
00 = che 1c 0
01 = che 1c 1
1x = che 1c 2
1
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2
D1 D0
Ia ah|ea Jca ra lca aea pha| Jaa them 1|ea trc haa Jca ta mc| ac ra (81 _ 8?l caa 74245
4 8aa ph|m
V| 1a la mach 1em saa pham, 1em sc saa pham trca mct thaa, va sc saa pham trca mct
lc, mc| lca| aha va cc the ahap vac sc 1em trca pham v| ta 0 1ea tc| 1a 9999, Jc 1c chaa
em sa Jaa 10 ph|m sc ta 0 1ea 9 Va mc| laa ahap sc vac 1e ahaa ||et la ahap ma sc hcac 1a
ahap xca va maca ||et chc phep 1em chaa hcac ha |c sc vaa ahap pha| caa sa Jaa them cac
ph|m chac aaa, aea chaa em Jaa them 5 ph|m chac aaa ta A 1ea ! c 1c |aa ph|m cm 15
ph|m 1acc ket ac| vac pcrt 1 caa ?051
9c 1c khc| ket ac| aha saa
Enable
G\Direction
Control
DIROperation
L
L
HL
H

1
2
2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9
10
7 4 2 4 5
20
19
18
17

16
15
14
13
12
11

DIR

A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
Vcc
G\
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
9c 1c chaa
8 0 5 1
B AN P H M
P OR T 1

8
0
5
1
7437
3
ROM
CS\
RAM
CS\
8255-
2
74138
Y
0
Y
1
Y
2
h|ea
th|
kcle
h
8255-
1
Rle
BC
Thu
Pha
t
Port0 Data
A
0
A
7
A
0
A
1
PortA
PortB PortA
PortB.0
A
8
A
12
Port2
A
13
A
15
8AN lhlH
Port1
Add
ress
90 0 Kh0! 0h! I!!I 0UA HA0h !N
lhAN !!
Ih!!I K!,Ih! 00N0VA 0hU0N0 Ik!Nh
0hU0N0 ! Ih!!I K!, Ih! 00N0 lhAN 0UN0
9aa kh| 1a phaa t|ch mct mc h|ah he thca v| xa l |a |c chaa em |at 1aa 1| vac t|ah
tcaa cac |a tr| thac te 1e chc he thca hcat 1ca 1acc V|ec t|ah tcaa laa chca pha| Jaa trea l
thaet va cac l|ah k|ea thca Jaa trea th| traca
Hac Ja phaa caa he thca khca the tha 1c| 1acc ahaa phaa mem cc the tha 1c| lam
chc he thca cc kha aaa hcat 1ca mct cach l|ah hcat v| va th|et ke phaa caa pha| caa 1c| sac
chc phaa mem khca aa phac tap
! K!I N0! ?051 V0! 80 Nh0 VA 0A0 !0 N00A! V!
1 Ket ac| |c ahc chaca tr|ah |ea aca|
8c xa l ch|ah la !0 ?051 vc| taa sc lam v|ec la 12 Hht 0haa 1?, 19 caa ?051 1acc
ac| vc| thach aah (caa cc the tha the thach aah |aa t|a h|ea xaa clcckl
8c ahc k0H 1acc chc phep |c| t|a h|ea l9!N\ h|ah saa mc ta cach ac| |c ahc !prcm vc|
?051

2 Ket ac| |c ahc Ja l|ea aca|
8c ahc kam 1acc chc phep h| 1cc |aa cac t|a h|ea 1|ea kh|ea hk\ va k\ ?051 cc 1
leah Ja ahat tra xaat Ja l|ea caa |c ahc Ja l|ea aca| la H0VX Jaa cca trc 15 ||t (lIkl hcac
k0 va k1 xem aha thaah h| 1|a chi
Ket ac| |as 1|a chi va |as Ja l|ea |aa kAH va ?051 caa |ca aha !lk0H Nca| ra, k
caa ?051 1acc ac| tc| chaa chc phep xaat (0!\ l caa kam va chaa hk 1acc ac| tc| chaa h|
(hk\l caa kam
D7 - D0
E P R OM
A7- A0
A15 -A8
0E\

lcrt 0

!A
?051

lcrt2

D
7 4 3 7 3

Q ALE
Ket ac| mach |a| ma
`h|ah thaah mach |a| ma 1|a chi Jaa trea |aa 1c |c ahc saa
!0 A
15
A
14
A
1
A
12
A
11
A
10
A
9
A
?
A
7
A
5
A
5
A
4
A
A
2
A
1
A
0
hex
kcm
?K
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0000
h
1!!!h
kam
?K
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2000
h
!!!h
?255
1
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
4000
h
400
h
?255
2
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
5000
h
500
h
Ia ah|ea ta| mct thc| 1|em chi cc 1 !0 ahc 1acc tra xaat aea Jaa cac 1aca 1|a chi A1,
A14, A15 1e phaa ||et !a A15, A1, A14 ac| tc| 1aa vac !0 |a| ma 741? (A,8,0l 0ac ac
ra Y0, Y1,Y2, Y laa lact 1acc ac| tc| 0! caa kcm,kam, 09 caa ?255 Kh| Y| = 0 th| !0 1c 1acc
chca
A1, A14, A15 = 0 chca kcm
A1 = 1, A14, A15 = 0 chca kam
A1 = 0, A14 = 1, A15 = 0 chca ?255
1
A1 =1, A14 = 1, A15 = 0 chca ?255
2
4 Ket ac| mach chct
0haa A!! (chaa 0l caa ?051 ket ac| vc| chaa 0 caa 747 0ac 1aca caa lcrt0 ac|
vc| cac 1aca ta c 1ea 7 caa 747 0ac 1aca t|a h|ea (Q
0
Q
7
l caa 747 va cac 1aca
D7 - D0
R AM
A7- A0
A15 -A8
0E
WR

Port 0

EA

8051

D

pcrt 2 (l
20
l
27
l 1acc ac| tc| cac 1aca 1|a chi caa k0H va kAH (A
0
A
12
l cca cac 1aca Ja
l|ea ta pcrt 0 1acc ac| tc| cac 1aca Ja l|ea caa k0H va kAH, ?255 (
0

7
l
Irca mc| cha k ma se cc 2 xaa A!! Kh| A!! c mac lc|c cac (0 = 1l va 00\ = (0l th|
ac ra Qc Q7 taca aa vc| ac vac , mc| sa tha 1c| c ac vac 1ea aah haca 1ea ac ra,
lac aa lcrt 0 taca aa la 1aca 1|a chi Ac A7 Kh| A!! xaca mac thap (0 = 0l, ac ra Q se
|a aaea traa tha| tracc 1c |at chap ac vac , lac aa cac 1aca lcrt 0 taca aa la cac
1aca Ja l|ea c 7
`I|a h|ea l9!N\ caa ?051 (chaa 29l ac| tc| 0! caa kcm 0ac 1aca (k,hkl ac| 1ea k,
hk caa kcm va ?255 c maca xep chca |c ahc aea chc t|a h|ea k\, l9!N caa ?051 aa
cca AN (Jaa 2 cca NAN 7412l 1aa tc| 0!\ caa kam
`h|ah thaah cca tac laa chca kcm A, kcm 8
9c 1c aaea l caa cca tac laa chca (9c 1c aaea l mach 1|ea kh|eal
Naea l hcat 1ca caa cca tac laa chca aha saa
8at ca kh| aac chc phep tra xaat kcm (ac vac 1 chaa cca 0k xaca mac lc|c [0]l va
ac ra cca tac laa chca A hcac 8 xaca mac lc|c [0] th| kcm A ha 8 1acc tra xaat
Kh| 9h1 ac| tc| 8, ac ra caa cca NAN (U9Al = 1 ac ra cca 0k (U?Al = 1, kcm A
khca 1acc chca ca thc| kh| 1c, ac ra cca NAN (U98l = 0, aea A1, A14, A15 = 0 th|
ac ra cca 0k (U?8l = 0 kcm 8 1acc chca Nacc la|, cca tac chaea saa A th| kcm A 1acc
tra xaat
!! Ih!!I K! HA0h k!9!I
Kh| cca tac chaea ta A saa 8 va aacc la| 1ea reset tcaa |c la| he thca 1e chc l0 =
0000h 8c| v| kh| 1aa lam v|ec ta| kcm A, l0 khac 0000h, kh| chaea saa kcm 8 l0 |at
1aa ta| 1|a chi khac 0000h lam sa| chaca tr|ah V| va mach reset trca 1c aa aa |ac cm
reset ta chaea cca tac chca kcm, reset ta aca| 1aa tc| (aea aha ket hcp vc| mach khacl, reset
kh| |at 1aa mc| chaca tr|ah 1em saa pham va reset aea aha aaca caa cap ea 9c 1c aaea l
mach reset trca sc 1c aaea l mach 1|ea kh|ea
1 Hach reset ta v|ec chca kcm Hach 1acc tac |c| cca aaaJ, !0 74221, cca 0k742
va 1 cca 0k kh| ket hcp vc| reset khac
sc 1c chaa va |aa tha| caa 74221 aha saa
9c 1c chaa 9N 74221
8aa traa tha|
!NlUI 0UIlUI
clear A 8 Q
Q
! X X ! h
X h X ! h
X X ! ! h
h !

h

h
! h
Qaa |aa traa tha|

1A

1B

Clr
1Q
2Q
Vcc
Reset
Cset
1Q\
2Q\
clr
2B

7 4 2 2 1
Kh| chaa clear c mac lc|c cac, A c mac lc|c thap va chaa 8 chaea traa tha| ta mac lc|c
0 lea 1 c ac ra Q (aacc la| vc| Q\l
Kh| chaa clear c mac lc|c cac, 8 c mac lc|c cac va chaa A chaea traa tha| ta mac lc|c
1 xaca 0 th| th| 74211 tac ra mct xaa Jaca c ac ra Q
Qaa tr|ah reset 1acc thac h|ea aha saa
Kh| 9h chaea saa 8, ac ra caa cca NAN (U9Al ta 0 lea 1 chaa 8 caa74211
(U108l ta 0 lea 1, A = 0 cc mct xaa c ac ra Q ac ra cca 0k lea 1 Jaa 1ea k9I = 1
he thca || reset 1ea reset (4 saal Kh| chaea cca tac saa A, ac ra cca aaaJ (U9Al ta 1
xaca 0chaa A caa 74221 ta 1 xaca 0, 8 = 1 cc xaa ra c ac ra Q 74211 (U10Al
mach || reset
2 keset |aa aat ahaa
Kh| ahaa aat, 1 chaa caa cca aaaJ U2A 1acc ac| mass ac ra = 1, reset (k9Il = 1, he
thca || reset (1ca thc| kh| 1c chaa cca la| caa cca aaaJ laca 1acc |a c mac cacl Kh| ket ac|
vc| mach 1|ea khac, mach 1|ea khac cc the reset mach 1|ea aa aa heaJer (Jl?l 9a tac 1ca
thca aa sa aat Jaa caa Q
0?2? Kh| Q
Jaa (cc tac 1ca |ea aca|l, ac ra cca aaaJ (U2Al

= 1, ac ra cca 0k = 1, k9I = 1, he thca || reset
keset kh| aaca caa cap ea
0ac !0 sc chi hcat 1ca tct kh| aaca caa cap ca 1|ah Kh| 1|ea ap aaca ea, cac !0 hcat
1ca

hca lcaa, aea khca cc sa h|ea th| ve aaca caa cap se a ra traca hcp mach hcat 1ca
sa| ma khca ||et 1acc aaea ahaa Irea mach 1|ea aa, 1|ea ea th| leJ xaah ( 7l se saa va lac
1c th| mach se || reset chc 1ea kh| aaca caa cap ca 1|ah, cca kh| aaca ca 1|ah th| leJ 1c (?l
se saa Qaa tr|ah reset thac h|ea Jaa trea sa aat Jaa caa traas|stcr ket hcp vc| cca NaaJ
7412 Naea l hcat 1ca mach reset aha saa
Kh| 1|ea ea (V
h
< ,7 Vcltl, 3eaer (5, 5l khca Jaa Q5 khca Jaa, ac ra cca Nct
(cca aaaJ 7412l = 0, Q5, khca Jaa, Q7 Jaa (leJ xaah saal, Q? Jaa mct chaa caa cca aaaJ
(U2Al || ac| mass, mach || reset
Kh| aaca caa cap 1a 1a, 5,5 Jaa, Q5 Jaa, Q5, Q7 khca Jaa, Q9 Jaa leJ 1c saa
mach hcat 1ca ||ah thaca
I|ah tcaa cac |a tr| 1|ea trc phaa cac chc traas|stcr kh| aaca caa cap ea
V| mach sa Jaa cac traas|stcr lam v|ec c traa tha| |ac hca aea 1|ea k|ea 1e chc traas|stcr hcat
1ca c traa tha| aa la !
8
> !
09AI
,
V
8!9AI
=0?V ,
V
0!9AI
=02V ,
Irca mach keset aa cc Jaa 74h012 (cca NAN l cc cac thca sc aha saa
V
!h(H!Nl
|ea ap ac vac thap ahat c mac [ 1]
V
!!(HAXl
|ea ap ac vac cac ahat c mac [0 ]
V
0h(H!Nl
|ea ap ac ra thap ahat c mac [ 1 ]
V
0h(H!Nl
|ea ap ac ra cac ahat c mac [ 0 ]
V
!h(H!Nl
= 5 (Vl
V
!!(HAXl
= 1 (V l
V
0h(H!Nl
= 49 (V l
V
0h(HAXl
= 01 ( V l
I|ah tcaa cac |a tr|
1 Iraas|stcr Q
1
(0?2? l

k
8
< 12,5k 0hca k
8
= k5 = 10k
2 Iraas|stcr Q2 (A554 l

0hca k
8
= k7 = 10K
Iraas|stcr Q4 (0?2? l
Ha 1|ea k|ea |ac hca la !
8
> !
c9AI
+ Chon = 40
+ Chon dong qua led la
10mA
=

=
280
10 . 10
2 . 0 2 5
3
C
R
Chon R
C
= 220

mA mA A I I
LEDtt CSATtt
15 13 013 . 0
220
2 . 0 2 5
= =

= =
+ Chon = 40
+ Chon dong qua led la 10mA
C
CESAT LED CC
CSAT
R
V V V
I

=
C
CESAT LED CC
CSAT
R
V V V
I

=
10 . 13
40 ). 8 , 0 9 . 4 (
3
<
<
B
B
B E S A T O H
C S A T
R
R
V V
x I
+ Chon R
C
= 220
mA mA I
CSAT
13 013 . 0
220
2 . 0 2 5
= =

=
=

=
280
10 . 10
2 . 0 2 5
3
C
R
+ Chon dong qua LED la
10mA
C
ECSAT LED CC
CSAT
R
V V V
I

=
+ Chon = 40 , ieu kien bao hoa:
I
B
> I
CSAT
=

=
280
10 . 10
2 . 0 2 5
3
C
R
Chon R
C
= 220
mA I
CSATtt
13
10 220
2 . 0 2 5
3
=
SATtt
B
OL EBSATt CC
I
R
V V V
>

=

=

< K
I
V V V
R
SATtt
OL EBSATt CC
B
5 , 12
13
) 1 , 0 8 , 0 5 ( 40 ) (
0hca k
8
= k19 = 10k
4 Iraas|stcr Q5 (0?2?l
0hca = 40
0hca Jca !
0
=10mA
k
c
=1K
!
8
> !
c9AI
5 Iraas|stcr Q5 (0?2? l
0hca = 40
8
> !
c9AI
, chca k
c
= 1K
0hca k
8
= k24 = 10 k
5Iraas|stcr Q7 ( A 554 l
0hca = 40
0hca Jca aa leJ la 10mA
( )
( )
=

< K R
B
16 , 34
2 . 0 5
1 8 . 0 9 . 4
. 40
( )
=
K R I
R
V V
B CSAT
B
BESAT OH
61 , 12
13
8 . 0 9 . 4
40
=
480
10 . 10
2 . 0 5
3
C
CE CC
C
I
V V
R
C
CESAT CC
B
BESAT D D CC
R
V V
R
V V V V

6 5
( )
CESAT CC
C D D CC
B
V V
R V V V
R
6 5

( )
=

=
K 17 . 4
2 . 0 5
1 8 , 0 3 7 . 0 5
40
0hca k
8
< 417K, la k
8
(k21l

la ||ea trc 20K 1e 1|ea chiah chc ch
C
CESAT CC
B
BESAT OH
R
V V
R
V V

LED
ECSAT LED CC
C
I
V V V
R

= =

=
280
10 . 10
2 . 0 2 5
3
Chon R
C
=330
C
ECSAT LED CC
LEDtt
R
V V V
I

= mA 5 . 8
10 . 330
2 . 0 2 5
3
=

=
8
> !
c9AI
0hca k
8
= k25 = 7,5 K
7Iraas|stcr Q? (0?2? l
0hca = 40
8
> !
c9AI
0hca k
0
= 1k
0hca k
8
= k27 = 15 K
?Iraas|stcr Q9 ( A 554 l
0hca = 40
0hca Jca aa leJ la 10mA
8
> !
c9AI
C
CESAT CC
B
BESAT CC
R
V V
R
V V
>
K R
R
B
B
35
1 8 . 4
2 . 4 40
1
2 . 0 5 8 . 0 5
40
Chon R
C
=220
Vay dong qua led thc
mA
R R
V V V
I
C C
ECSAT LED CC
LEDtt
13
2 . 0 2 5
=

=

=
C
ECSAT LED CC
B
EBSAT OL CC
R
V V V
R
V V V
>

=

=

< K
V V V
R V V V
R
ECsat LED CC
C OL EBsat CC
B
325 , 19
2 , 0 2 5
330 ) 1 , 0 8 , 0 5 ( 40 ) (
C
ECsat LED CC
B
OL EBsat CC
R
V V V
R
V V V
>
) (

=

=
280
10 10
2 2 , 0 5 ) (
3
LED
LED CESAT CC
C
I
V V V
R
0hca k2? = k
8
=10 k
4 0ach t|ah taa sc aet !!
- 0c| a sc !! caa h|ea th|
- 0c| thc| |aa phat saa caa mc| !! (s l
- 0c| I la cha k h|ea th| caa a !! I = a ( s l
- 0c| f taa sc aet
=
N
cha

k| aat caa mc| !! (s l
Hc| l|ea he |aa ch|ea Ja| saa pham (cm l vc| vaa tcc |aa chaea (msl

aa Jc 8at 1aa Ket thac

0c| I cha k| aet 1aa Jc (ms l
|ea k|ea 1e chc 1aa Jc phat h|ea saa pham
0h|ea Ja| ahc ahat caa saa pham
Vaa tcc tc| 1a caa |aa chaea
!!! K!I N0! KlI V! !!U Kh!!N V0! Ih!!I 8[ N00A! V!
=

= K
x
57 , 12
2 , 0 2 5
220 ) 2 , 0 8 , 0 5 (
40
) (
.
1 1
Hz
n T
f
= =
) (
.
1 1
Hz
n T
f
N
= =
T
T
L
2
T
T
L
=
: Ihc| |aa Jc mac thap (ms l
- Goi
) (
. 10
) (
10
.
) (
10
s
m
T
d
v cm
T v
d ms
v
d
T
L
L
L

) (
10
.
cm
T v
d
L
MIN
=
) (
. 10
s
m
T
d
v
L
MAX
=
1 Ket ac| vc| |aa ph|m
8aa ph|m cm 15 ph|m ket ac| vc| k|t v| 1|ea kh|ea thca aa lcrt 1 caa ?051 9c 1c ket
ac| aha saa
P0.0

P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
8 0 5 1
P0.4
P0.5
0 1 2 3
4 5 6
7
8 9 A B
C D E F
8AN0 HA lhlH
lh|m Ha aet Ha hex lh|m Ha aet Ha hex
0 00 00h ? 0? ?0h
1 01 !9h 9 09 90h
2 02 A4h A 10 ??h
0 80h 8 11 ?h
4 04 99h 0 12 05h
5 05 92h 1 A1h
5 05 ?2h ! 14 ?5h
7 07 !?h ! 15 ?!h
2 Ket ac| h|ea th|
lhaa h|ea th| |ac cm ? !eJ 7 1caa chaa aacJ 8as Ja l|ea xaat ra h|ea th| 1acc ac| tc|
lcrtA caa ?255
2
V| Jca ra ta| mc| chaa cac lcrt caa ?255 chi cc khcaa 4mA, ma mc| !eJ
saa th| pha| caa cap Jca khcaa ? 10mA aea pha| Jaa !0 1em aea lcrtA caa ?255 ac| tc|
cac ac vac A1 _ A? caa 74245, |as Ja l|ea ac ra ac| aa 1|ea trc haa Jca 1ea cac thaah caa
!eJ 7 1caa Vc| mach |a| ma chca !eJ |a ac vac A, 8, 0 caa 741? se 1acc ac| tc| l05 l07
caa ?255, chaa chc phep 02 ac| tc| l04 caa ?255 Kh| l04 xaca mac thap, 02 = [0], chc
phep !eJ saa 8aa traa tha| chca !eJ aha saa
I|ah tcaa 1|ea trc trca mach h|ea th|
Nc vac
0hc phep 0ac chaa laa chca
G1 G2 C B A
0hca !eJ
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
H
H
H
H
L
L
H
H
L
L
H
H
L
H
L
H
L
H
L
H
Led 1
Led 2
Led 3
Led 4
Led 5
Led 6
Led 7
Led 8
e chc mct thaah leJ 1a saa th| Jca 1|ea aa ac la 10 mA, Jc 1c 1e ca leJ 7 1caa saa
th| Jca caa cap chc leJ la ! = 7 x 10 = 70 mA a caa ch|ah la Jca !c caa traas|stcr Va
chca traas|stcr lca| A1255 vc| he sc khaech 1a| la 50
Va Jca !
8
la
|ea trc phaa cac k1 la
0hca k1 = , k, ahc hca |a tr| t|ah tcaa 1e Jca lca traas|stcr ahaah |ac hca Va
Jca !
8
thac te la
I|ah k2 (1|ea trc haa Jca chc leJl
Kh| traas|stcr |ac hca, 1|ea ap V
0!9AI
= 0,2 V va 1|ea ap rc| trea leJ la 2V Jc 1c
V
k2
= Vcc V
0!9AI
V
!!
= 5 0,2 2 = 2,?V

0hca k2 = 270 (l 0hca k2 lca hca t|ah tcaa 1e traas|stcr ahaah |ac hca
c Ket ac| mach rcle
I|a h|ea 1|ea kh|ea rcle 1acc la ra ta lcrtA caa ?255
1
kcle se tac 1ca kh| 1em xca sc
laca saa pham ca| 1at tracc 0 1a chaa em |a 1|ah sa tac 1ca caa rcle |aa 1ea !eJ h|ea th|
Kh| leJ saa taca aa vc| tac 1ca caa rcle 0|ca aha mach h|ea th|, t|a h|ea la ra 1|ea kh|ea rcle
1acc 1aa aa |c 1em 74245 va haa Jca |aa 1|ea trc
cc
Led
k2 1|ea trc
haa Jca
R1
|ea trc
phaa cac
mA
I
I
C
B
1 , 1
60
70
= = =
) ( 90 , 3
1 , 1
7 , 0 5
1
1
=
= = K
I
V V
I
U
R
B
BE CC
B
R
mA I
B
3 , 1
3 , 3
7 , 0 5
=
=
mA I
LEDtt
1 , 11
10 251
2 , 0 2 5
3
=
= = =

251
7
10 . 60 . 3 , 1
8 , 2
7
3
2
2
CMAX
R
I
V
R
Vay
I|ah 1|ea trc haa Jca k
e chc mc| leJ saa th| Jca caa cap chc ac la 10mA Va 1|ea trc caa aa them vac 1e haa
Jca chc leJ la
0hca k1 trea thac te la 0 (l Vc| v|ec chca k1 lca hca t|ah tcaa ahaa Jca aa leJ
|am khca 1aa ke aea vaa chap ahaa
!!! Ih!!I K! VA IlNh I0AN HA0h 0AH 8!!N
1 Khc| phat

=
= k
I
V V
R
LED
LED CC
3 , 0
10
2 5
1
R
A
R
B
C
2 1
5
8 4
3
C
1
7
6
Nc ra
V
CC

I|ah tcaa 1|ea trc va ta trea mach Jac 1ca 555
mA
R
V V
I
LED CC
LEDtt
09 , 9
10 330
2 5
3
1
=
Vay dong thc te qua led

la:
aa sca

t
c
=0,59(k
A
k
8
l0
k
A
,k
8
[chm] 0[!] t[s]
t
J
=0,59k
8
0 I= t
c
t
J
=0,59(k
A
2k
8
l0
` Nea chca 1ca v| k[K] , 0[!] t[ms] ,f
0
[Kht]
1e xaa tac ra aa aha 1ea ahaa 1e k|ch th|ch chc A554 Jaa maah, lam Jca !
8
lca sa ra Jca
aa !! lca, t|a h|ea phat ra ta !! maah th| |ea khc| 1aa Jc mc| ahaa 1acc t|a h|ea
2 Khc| 1aa Jc
Iaa sc Jac 1ca r|ea caa mach
0hca k
15
= 10K
0
10
=0,1!
2K k 20K
v| f chc phep 0,01ht f 500Kht f
0
thca 1|ea k|ea chc phep
0hca 0
?
=1! ,0
9
=2,2 !
( )C R R T
fo
B A
2
45 , 1 1
+
= =
Khz
C R
fo 1 , 1
1 , 0 . 10
1 , 1 1 , 1
10 15
= = =
10
1
8
1

B
A
R
R

0hca
2/3Vcc
1/3 Vcc
Vcc

0V
T
t
c
t
d
|ea ap ra
|ea ap trea ta
t
t
`0 khc| phat t|a hca aca|
0hca ta 0
5
= 0,001!
Iaa sc caa mach th|et ke = taa sc f
0
caa 1aa Jc
Nea f = f
0
=1,1kht
0hca k
A
, k
8
sac chc thca 1|ea k|ea trea
!a thec |a tr| thaca ma| sa ra
0hca k
8
=520K, k
A
=7?K
V| Jaa k
A
la mct ||ea trc 1|ea chiah aea chca k
A
=100K
Iraas|stcr Q
1
A554 chca he sc khaech 1a| =200
Kh| !eJ hca aca| Jaa th| V
!!
=2V
0hca Jca aa !eJ hca aca| khcaa 50mA (1e t|a h|ea phat ra maah v| va ma khc|
1aa Jc mc| ahaa 1accl
0hca k
11
= 120
ca thac te aa !! kh| k
11
=120
!
0sat
==55,57mA
e chc Q
1
Jaa |ac hca
!
8
>!
0sat

Ha V
!|sat
0,?V
V
cat
ta| chaa (ac ra 555 l0,2V
0hca k
10
=10K
` 0 khc| 1aa Jc !0 !H 24 !0 lam v|ec vc| lca| aaca 1ca, chca 1c lc| 100J8
( ) C Rb Ra T
fo f
. 2
45 , 1 1
+
= = =
( ) = = = = +

K
C fo
R R
B A
1318 10 . 31 , 1
10 . 10 . 10 . 1 , 1
45 , 1
.
45 , 1
2
6
6 3 3
mA
R
V V V
I
LED ECSAT cc
Csat
67 , 56
12 , 0
8 , 6
12 , 0
2 2 , 0 9
11
= =

=

=
= =

=

= 136 136 , 0
50
2 2 , 0 9
11
K
I
V V V
R
CSAT
LED ECSAT cc
Csat out SAT EB cc

B
I
R
V V V
I
10

=
( ) mA
R
I
B
28335 , 0
200
67 , 56 2 , 0 8 , 0 9
10
=

=
= K R 23 , 28
28335 , 0
8
10

100
13
14
= =
R
R
A
V
0hca k
14
=100K
k
1
=1K
k
12
thaca ta 0K 55K, chca k
12
=55K
0
7
=0,1! (ta l|ea lacl
c hcat 1ca caa khc| phat va khc| 1aa Jc
c khc| phat va khc| 1aa Jc 1acc th|et ke f= f
0
=1,1Kht
Irca 1c f taa sc phat ra caa khc| phat t|a hca aca|
f
0
taa sc traa tam caa khc| 1aa Jc
Kh| chaa cc saa pham aac 1| aa leJ hca aca| phat t|a h|ea aa phctc Q
2
,phctc Q
2
ahaa
t|a h|ea Qaa |c khaech 1a|, khaech 1a| t|a h|ea lca lea 1e !0 557 ahaa ||et 1acc v| c leJ hca
aca| Jca ra khcaa 55,57mA ac phat ra t|a h|ea maah va cc kha aaa traea 1| xa, kh| aa
phctc Q
2
t|a h|ea || sa ea aea pha| khaech 1a| lea
V| Jc th|et ke f=f
0
=1,1Kht tac la taa sc vac pha hcp vc| taa sc traa tam th| ac ra chaa
? c mac thap [0] 0ca kh| chc saa pham 1| aa che leJ hca aca| th| t|a h|ea ta leJ hca aca|
phat ra khca traea aa 1acc phctc Q
2
Ket aa la taa sc vac (ff
0
=1,1Khtl khac vc| taa sc
traa tam aea ac ra ? c mac cac [1], cc xaa k|ch tc| ac vac (7l 1|ea ap chaa ? lea mac
cac
0hU0N0 !! 0hU0N0 Ik!Nh !!U Kh!!N
A IhUAI 0!A!
! 0haca tr|ah ch|ah
e cac th|et || hcat 1ca 1acc 1aa t|ea pha| khc| 1ca cac th|et || aca| v|, khc| 1ca I|mer
chc phep aat 9aa 1c c| chaca tr|ah ahap sc hcp, ahap sc saa pham Nea 1ca sc 1em 1a
ahap vac th| chc phep |aa chaea hcat 1ca (1ca rcle 80l cc Ja l|ea ta cam ||ea (1aa Jcl Nea
cc saa pham 1| aa th| c| chaca tr|ah 1em Nea 1a saa pham mct hcp th| c| rcle 1ca hcp 1ca
thc| c| chaca tr|ah 1em hcp Nea 1a sc hcp th| |aa chaea aaa hcat 1ca va chc chc ca t|ep
thec Kh| 1a hcaa thaah 9 ca saa pham th| aa la| lam ta ca 1
- Goi chng trnh con au do - em san pham - Ro-le ong hop, em hop
- Cho phep bang truyen ngng hoat
ong
trong cac ca

Nap |a tr| 1aa #00h vac cac c ahc
Khc| 1ca th|et || aca| v|
Khc| 1ca thaah h| I|mer, chc phep aat
Ca: =Ca + 1
Ca: = 0
0c| chaca tr|ah cca ahap hcp
0c| chaca tr|ah cca ahap saa pham
0hc phep |aa traea hcat 1ca
a 9l
kcle 1ca hcp, 1em hcp (k! hl
0c| chaca tr|ah cca 1aa Jc (AU0l
em saa pham
S
0c| chaca tr|ah cca Jc ph|m (!N h!Xl
a
Phm E Ca = 9
S
0hc phep |aa chaea aaa hcat 1ca
0c| chaca tr|ah laa sc hcp, sc saa pham
0c| chaca tr|ah xem sc l|ea laa |at k| ca nao
S
S
!! 0A0 0hU0N0 Ik!Nh 00N
1 0haca tr|ah cca khc| 1ca aca| v|
?255 chi hcat 1ca kh| aap chc ac ta 1|ea kh|ea v| va 1e |ac t|ep vc| cac th|et || aca| v|
caa khc| 1ca chc cac c ahc caa ?255
Ret
Nap |a tr| |aa 1aa 1e mc rcle 1ca hcp
Nap |a tr| |aa 1aa xca ? leJ 7 1caa
Khc| 1ca ?255 2
Nap |a tr| |aa 1aa chc ac Ja phca
Nap |a tr| |aa 1aa chc rcle |aa traea
Khc| 1ca ?255 1
Nap |a tr| |aa 1aa 1e chca leJ saa
8at 1aa
2 0haca tr|ah aat h|ea th|
Irca chaca tr|ah aat, thc| |aa aat 1acc xac 1|ah |aa cc traa t|mer Nha va ca saa
250 s cac leJ la| 1acc aet Vc| thc| |aa aat ahc, Ja l|ea ra khc cc the aaa sat 1acc v| va
Jela saa mc| laa h|ea th| |aa v|ec |am thaah h| k2 Kh| k2 = 0 chc phep xaat Ja l|ea ra h|ea
th| 0ac !eJ se 1acc aet l|ea tac ta !eJ 771ea !eJ 70, vc| Ja l|ea xaat ra h|ea th| ta c ahc 77h
1ea c ahc 70h
!aa 1c thaat |a| aha saa
0haca tr|ah cca ahaa sc
0haca tr|ah aa chc phep ahap sc thap phaa Nea ph|m ahaa ta 0 1ea 9 th| ahaa sc cca
ph|m ta A 1ea ! th| xca sc 9c ahaa th| ||t 7 = [0], 7! = [0] 9aa kh| ahap sc l|ea xca aea
0hc phep aat
R1 = # 69H

R2 = 0
k2 1
I00 0 1 k2
0hca leJ h|ea th|
Xaat Ja l|ea ra leJ
k1 1
R1 # 77H
Ihcat 1
ket
S
8at 1aa
S
tha aa leJ h|ea th| 1aa sc l|ea 1a ahap vac th| ahaa ph|m A tac la 1at ||t Y!9 = 1 (7! = 1l 1e
ket thac aa tr|ah ahap sc l|ea 0ca 1aa ahap aea maca |c sc l|ea vaa ahap vac th| ahaa ph|m
ph|m 8 tac la 1at ||t N0 = 1 (7 = 1l Kh| ahap xca sc saa pham va sc hcp thca aa chaca
tr|ah cca ahaa sc aa th| ahaa ph|m 0 tac la chc phep saa pham ta lac aa 1| aa 1aa Jc va |at
1aa 1em
4 0haca tr|ah taa 1
0a cc mct saa pham 1| aa 1aa Jc (cha ac ra chaa ? caa !0557 ta aac lc|c 0 lea mac 1 saa
1c 1acc 1aa aa cca 1ac aea ac ra la mac lc|c 0l 1acc 1aa vac ||t 0 caa pcrt 81 se lam tha
1c| mac lc|c ta 1 xaca 0 th| c ahc Jaa chc v|ec 1em saa pham se 1acc taa lea mct 1ca v|
thca aa v|ec c| chaca tr|ah cca taa 1, va kh| 1a sc saa pham th| c ahc Jaa chc v|ec 1em sc
hcp caa 1acc taa lea mct 1ca v| thca aa chaca tr|ah cca taa 1, va ca mc| laa aha va sa
8at 1aa
C = 1
A = # 0AH
S
Xca ||t Y!9
Xca ||t N0
0c| chaca tr|ah Jc ph|m

at ||t Y!9
Xca A
A = # 0BH at ||t N0
Xca cc 0
A # 0Ah
RET
S

S
tha 1c| sc l|ea trca cac c ahc 1acc 1a l|ea tac ra leJ 1e h|ea th| V| 1em saa pham 1ea tc| 1a la
999 va 1em sc hcp tc| 1a la 9999 aea pha| sa Jaa 2 |te 1e 1em saa pham ta haa 1ca v| 1ea
haa chac sa Jaa |te thap, cca haa tram va haa aaa sa Jaa |te cac Nea kh| sc saah sc
l|ea 1aa 1em vc| sc l|ea 1a laa |aa 1aa xem 1a |aa chaa th| pha| sc saah laa lact |te cac tracc
tac la haa aaa, haa tram saa 1c tc| |te thap tac la haa chac haa 1ca v|
5 0haca tr|ah cca k|em tra ph|m aa !N h!X
Nea aha cc ph|m 1acc aa th| ||t 0 = 0 V| cc khcaa thc| |aa ahaa ph|m aea c| chaca tr|ah Jc
t|m ma ph|m aa 50 laa |aa v|ec aap 50 vac k va |am k Kh| k = 0 th| cat ma ph|m vac
aaa xep Irca lac 1c| ph|m 1acc aha ra c| chaca tr|ah Jc t|m ma ph|m aa 50 laa 1e xem ph|m
cc cca 1acc ahaa aaa ha khca Kh| k = 0 th| la ma ph|m trac chc thaah h| A
RET
Xca cc traa pha A0
Xca cc traa 0
A A +1
h|ea chiah thap phaa thaah h| A
8at 1aa

8at 1aa
RET
Khca cc ph|m aa
#50 (R3)
#50 (R3)
#50 (R3)
0c| 0I Jc ma ph|m
C= 0
S
R3 - 1
0c ph|m aa
0at A00
R3= 0
0c| 0I Jc
ma ph|m
C = 1
S
S
R3 - 1
R3= 0
!a A00
!aa 1c thaat |a| k|em tra ph|m aa
S
5 0haca tr|ah Jc ma ph|m aa
?051 laca 1cc Ja l|ea ta lcrt 1 1e Jc t|m ma ph|m Kh| cc mct ph|m 1acc aa th| cc 0 = 1
va ma caa ph|m aa 1acc laa tam thc| vac thaah h| k5 9aa 1c taa Jaa k5 lea 4 1ca v| 1e Jc ma
ph|m t|ep thec, (ma ph|m l (Al
R6 =0
#!! A
# 4 k5
A k7
#4 A
X0A 0
A k5
A k5
k7 A
R7 A
Xoay A
R6 - 1
8at
A k7
A l1
cc pcrt 1
A AN #0!0h
XOAY A
Xca pha| A aa 0
XO
A = #
R6 + 4
R5 - 1
at cc c
k5 A
S
C
= 0
(3)
S
S
(3)
(l
R5 = 0
S
RET
7 0haca tr|ah 1aa Jc
?051 laca laca 1cc Ja l|ea ta 1aa Jc (lcrt 84l aea ac| Jaa thaah h| A |aa ac| Jaa
c ahc 4001h 0a mc| saa pham 1| tc| cam ||ea, cam ||ea se tac ra mac lc|c 1|ea ap cac 5 vclt,
lac 1c lcrt 80 = 1 = A000 V| cc khcaa thc| |aa saa pham 1| aa aea mac lc|c 1|ea ap pha|
tca ta| |t ahat khcaa 100s Jc 1c pha| l|ea tac k|em tra Ja l|ea ta 1aa Jc Kh| mac lc|c 1|ea ap
chaea ta 1 xaca 0 (taca aa vc| 1 saa pham 1a 1| aa cam ||eal th| pha| cc khcaa thc| |aa
|t ahat 1e chc saa pham t|ep thec 1| tc| aea mac lc|c thap caa pha| tca ta| |t ahat 100s c
mac 1|ea ap trca khcaa thc| |aa 100 s |aa cach aap 100 vac k, |am k, kh| k 0
vaa t|ep tac Jc mac !aa 1c thaat |a| Jc mac 1|ea ap aha saa
8at 1aa
lIk # 0AH 8!!N
k #100
A OlIk
S
ACC. 0
R3 = 0
R3 - 1
S
R3 #100
A OlIk (1cc pcrt 81l
ACC.0 =
S
S
R3 - 1
RET
R3 = 0
? 0haca tr|ah 8laak xca sc 0 khca cc ah|a
0haca tr|ah aa cc ah|a aha saa kh| sc saa pham ha sc hcp chi tc| haa 1ca v|, chac,
tram th| ahaa sc 0 1aa tracc ac khca cc ah|a || lca| |c (khca saa l va cac c ahc cc ah|a
1acc laa (laa lact ta haa 1ca v| haa aaal vac cac c ahc ta 70h 77h !ca| |c |aa cach
sc saah |a tr| lca ahat haa aaa vc| sc 0 aea 1aa la 0 th| xca leJ h|ea th| haa aaa, t|ep tac
sc saah xem c ahc haa tram vc| sc 0 aea 1aa la 0 th| xca leJ h|ea th| haa tram, taca ta chc
haa chac, cca c ahc haa 1ca v| |a tr| |aa |ac ah|ea th| leJ haa 1ca v| caa h|ea th|
8at 1aa
A !Hh0l h
!! 70 N0AN
!! 71 IkAH
A DEMHOP L
LED 72 CHUC
LED 73 DONVI
A DEM_ SPL
LED 76 CHUC
LED 77 DONVI
A DEM_SP H
LED 75 TRAM
A LED 70
( 1
( 1)
A =0
S
Xca LED 72
A LED 75
Xca !ED 70
A LED 71
A =0
S
Xca LED 71
A LED 72
A =
Xca LED 75
A LED 76
A =
S
Xca LED 76
RET
A
0haca tr|ah |laak

9 0haca tr|ah ahap hcp
0haca tr|ah chc phep ahap cac sc ta 1 1ea 9999 Nea sc 1acc ahaa ta A 1ea ! th| ea caa
ahap la| Kh| sc 1acc ahaa laa vac thaah h| A ta 1 1ea 9 aea chap ahaa sc th| cac ||t 7, 7! =
0 va kh| ||t 7 = 1 th| ea caa ahap la| hcp, ||t 7! = 1, th| thcat khc| chaca tr|ah 0ac |a tr|
1acc ahap aa 1acc laa vac cac c ahc ta (74hl 1ea (77hl va 70 (!UUh0l!laa hcp |te thapl,
7 (!UUh0lh laa hcp |te cacl Nea 1ca vc| sc 1a ahap th| ahaa A aacc la| la 8 (xca sc 1a
ahapl
8at 1aa
A = 0
BIT 7D = 1
h!!N Ih[ ahap 0
!UU h0l ! # 00h
!UU h0l h # 00h
0c| ahaa sc tha ahat
A 0N V[
0N V[ !UU h0l !
0c| ahaa sc tha 2
BIT 7E = 1
BIT 7D = 1
RET
(1)

S

(2)
0N V[ 0hU0
A 0N V[
0hU0 0N V[ !UU h0l !
0c| ahaa sc tha
(2)
8!I 7! = 1
S

BIT 7E = 1
S
IkAH N0AN
0hU0 IkAH
0N V[ 0hU0
A 0N V[
0hU0, 0N V[ !UU h0l !
N0AN,IkAH !UU h0lh
R E T
A = # 0AH
S
S
A = # 0BH
0c| chaca tr|ah
BIT 7D = 1
S
0hU0 IkAH
0N V[ 0hU0
A 0N V[
0hU0 0N V[ !UU h0l !
!UU h0lh IkAH
0c| ahaa sc tha 4
(1)
BIT 7D = 1
(1)
S
L u o chng trnh
nha p hop
10 0haca tr|ah ahap saa pham
0haca tr|ah chc phep ahap cac sc ta 1 1ea 999 9c chi 1acc ahap kh| cac ||t 7, 7! = 0
va kh| ||t 7 = 1 th| ea caa ahap la| 0ac |a tr| 1acc ahap aa 1acc laa vac cac c ahc ta (74hl
1ea (77hl va 70 (!UU9l! laa saa pham |te thapl, 7 (!UU9lh laa saa hpam |te cacl Nea
1ca vc| sc 1a ahap th| ahaa A aacc la| la 8 (xca sc 1a ahapl
8at 1aa
A = 0
S
S
h|ea th| Nhap
0
0
!UU 9l! # 00h
!UU 9lh # 00h
0c| ahaa sc tha ahat
BIT 7D =
1
0N V[ A
!UU 9l! 0NV[
0c| ahaa sc tha 2
BIT 7E = 1
S
BIT 7D = 1
0hU0 0N V[
0N V[ A
!UU 9l! 0hU0,0NV[
0c| ahaa sc tha
(2)
(3)
S
(2)
S
BIT 7E = 1
BIT 7D = 1
IkAH 0hU0
0hU0 0N V[
0N V[ A
!UU 9l! 0hU0,0NV[
!UU 9lh IkAH
0c| chaca tr|ah Jc ph|m
A = # 0CH A = # 0BH
S
R E T
S
(1)
(3)
0haca tr|ah cca ahap saa pham
11 0haca tr|ah Jela
e khca che thc| |aa Jela aap |a tr| |aa 1aa chc t|mer 9et chc t|mer cha Kh| t|mer 1em
|aa thc| |aa aap th| cc |ac traa 1acc set lea [1] Haca thc| |aa Jela lca aap |a tr| chc k4,
|am k4 saa mc| laa traa t|mer Nha the thc| |aa Jela se la
t = (k4l x ccaat0 Kh| k4 = 0 la het thc| |aa Jela
12 0haca tr|ah cca laa sc saa pham sc hcp trca mc| ca saa xaat
0haca tr|ah aa laa ket aa caa mc| ca saa xaat 9c hcp, sc saa pham 1acc laa vac cac c ahc ta
0h 5h Xet ac| Jaa c ahc 2!h, aea ac| Jaa c ahc 2!h = 1 va saa kh| 1em xca va
|aa chaea |ac h|ea aaa 1em th| ac| Jaa c ahc 2!h trac chc thaah h| A va laa ket aa vac
ca 1 Nea ca saa chc phep hcat 1ca th| ac| Jaa c ahc 2!h taa lea 1 va taca ta 1acc laa vac
ca taca aa ( ca = ca tracc 1l
1 0haca tr|ah cca chc phep xem sc l|ea caa ca saa xaat
0haca tr|ah aa xem ket aa caa mc| ca saa xaat, ca the la xem ac| Jaa sc hcp sc saa pham
trca mc| ca saa xaat 0 1e ta| aa chaa em chi v|et chaca tr|ah xem tc| 1a la 9 ca Iac la kh|
maca k|em tra ca aac th| ahap ca the ca 1c la ca tha ma thca aa |aa ph|m |aa cach ahaa mct
8at 1aa
Ih0 # h!0hI 00UNI0
I!0 # !0h 00UNI0
Ik0 = 1
COUNT 0
Xca cc traa
k4 1
0ha
t|mer
S

R4 = 0

S
Ret
(FFFF 0000)
sc Iracc 1c sc hcp, sc saa pham 1acc laa vac cac c ahc ta 0h 5h Kh| rcle |aa chaea
1a aaa hcat 1ca saa mct ca aac 1c aea t|ep tac maca ahap sc l|ea vac 1e 1em chc ca t|ep thec
th| ahaa mct ph|m |at k khac ph|m ! 0ca aea ahaa ph|m ! tac la chc phep xem sc l|ea caa cac
ca, chi caa ahaa ph|m cc lca| tra ph|m chac aaa th| ma ph|m ahaa 1c 1acc laa vac thaah h| A
Nea A |aa ma th| se 1aa ac| Jaa c ahc laa sc l|ea ca 1c ra |c phaa h|ea th| Va aea maca xem
t|ep ca aac aaa th| ca ahaa ph|m chc phep xem ! rc| ahap sc l|ea vac
0ca kh| maca laa sc ca ah|ea hca aaa aha tc| 1a la ta 0 99 ha ta 0 999 ha ta 0
999 th| taca ta aha trea chi khac la kh| ahap sc l|ea vac th| c| ahaa tc| 1a 2 sc , sc, ha 4 sc
th| chaca tr|ah ahap sc la| |ca aha trca chaca tr|ah cca ahap sc saa pham va sc hcp, va ah|ea
ca 1acc laa th| sc c ahc caa pha| 1acc taa thec

A 2EH
A =#01H
A =#02H
A =#03H
A =#04H
A =#05H
30H LUUHOPL
31H LUUHOPH
32H LUU_SPL
33H LUU_SPH
34H LUUHOPL
35H LUUHOPH
36H LUU_SPL
37H LUU_SPH
38H LUUHOPL
39H LUUHOPH
3AH LUU_SPL
3BH LUU_SPH
3CH LUUHOPL
3DH LUUHOPH
3EH LUU_SPL
3FH LUU_SPH
40H LUUHOPL
41H LUUHOPH
42H LUU_SPL
43H LUU_SPH
( 1 )
( 2 )
S
S
S
!UU:
9c saa pham, hcp caa cac ca
1acc laa vac c ahc taca aa
aa sc l|ea caa cac ca trca c ahc
ra h|ea th|
RET
A =#06H
A =#07H
A =#08H
A =#09H
44H LUUHOPL
45H LUUHOPH
46H LUU_SPL
47H LUU_SPH
48H LUUHOPL
49H LUUHOPH
4AH LUU_SPL
4BH LUU_SPH
4CH LUUHOPL
4DH LUUHOPH
4EH LUU_SPL
4FH LUU_SPH
50H LUUHOPL
51H LUUHOPH
52H LUU_SPL
53H LUU_SPH
S
S
( 2 )
!aa 1c chaca tr|ah laa sc l|ea
0c| chaca tr|ah cca Jc ph|m
A =#00H
A =#01H
A =#02H
A =#03H
A =#04H
!UUh0l! #!!h
!UUh0lh #!!h
!UU_9l! #!!h
!UU_9lh #!!h
!UUh0l! 0h
!UUh0lh 1h
!UU_9l! 2h
!UU_9lh h
LUUHOPL 34H
LUUHOPH 35H
LUU_SPL 36H
LUU_SPH 37H
LUUHOPL 38H
LUUHOPH 39H
LUU_SPL 3AH
LUU_SPH 3BH
LUUHOPL 3CH
LUUHOPH 3DH
LUU_SPL 3EH
LUU_SPH 3FH
( 1 )
( 2 )
S
S
S
XEM:
!aa 1c chaca tr|ah chc phep xem sc lieu
A =#01H A =#02H A =#03H A =#04H A =#05H
30H LUUHOPL
31H LUUHOPH
32H LUU_SPL
33H LUU_SPH
34H LUUHOPL
35H LUUHOPH
36H LUU_SPL
37H LUU_SPH
38H LUUHOPL
39H LUUHOPH
3AH LUU_SPL
3BH LUU_SPH
3CH LUUHOPL
3DH LUUHOPH
3EH LUU_SPL
3FH LUU_SPH
40H LUUHOPL
41H LUUHOPH
42H LUU_SPL
43H LUU_SPH
( 1 ) ( 2 ) S S SS S
A =#05H
A =#06H
A =#07H
A =#08H
A =#09H
LUUHOPL 40H
LUUHOPH 41H
LUU_SPL 42H
LUU_SPH 43H
LUUHOPL 44H
LUUHOPH 45H
LUU_SPL 46H
LUU_SPH 47H
LUUHOPL 48H
LUUHOPH 49H
LUU_SPL 4AH
LUU_SPH 4BH
LUUHOPL 4CH
LUUHOPH 4DH
LUU_SPL 4EH
LUU_SPH 4FH
LUUHOPL 50H
LUUHOPH 51H
LUU_SPL 52H
LUU_SPH 53H
S
S
( 2
)
RET
Goi chng trnh
blank
(1)
8 0hU0N0 Ik!Nh h! Ih0N0
,0hU0N0 Ik!Nh !H 9AN lhAH VA 0N0 h0l
,KhA! 8A0 0A0 8!!N hAN0
0hk4 !QU 400h ,0hk4
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caa trac caa |c v| xa l r|ea ||et va phaa 1|ea kh|ea ma ac cc the |ac cm ah|ea lca| v| mach
ac| sa 1|ea kh|ea |aa chaca tr|ah mct |c v| xa l thac h|ea cac phep t|ah sc hcc va lc|c, 1ca
thc| tac ra ahaa t|a h|ea 1|ea kh|ea chc |c ahc va th|et || vac ra
Nhaa meah leah aa c| la chaca tr|ah aaca va 1acc chaa trca |c ahc chi 1cc (k0Hl
0haca tr|ah cca k|em tra ph|m aa

Khca cc ph|m aa
RET
IN _HEX
#50 (R3)
#50 (R3)
#50 (R3)
Call: getkey
C= 0
S
R3 - 1
0c ph|m aa
0at A00
R3= 0
Call: getkey
C = 1
S
S
R3 - 1
R3= 0
!a A00

Mach VDK Dem San Pham (Do An)

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Copyright:

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Mach VDK Dem San Pham (Do An)

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Nguy e n v a n b i e nt b d 47@g ma i l.

ha cham thaa vac masse, 1|ea aa se lam ha !0

Jaa (cc tac 1ca |ea aca|l, ac ra cca aaaJ (U2Al

Vay dong thc te qua led

Csat out SAT EB cc

0haca tr|ah |laak

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