Works Cited

Primary Sources
A Chapter to Remember. Newsweek. 22 Apr. 1963: 38. This short article written by a survivor of the uprising portrayed the historical context in Poland and in Western Europe at the time of the uprising. Descriptions of the horrid living conditions within the ghetto and the spread of disease helped me picture the fight to live the Jews faced. Baunswic, Raska G. Oral Interview. Personal History. 1989. 2011. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 28 Dec. 2011 <http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/viewer/wlc/ testimony.php?RefId=RBW0165F> Through the words of one of the few survivors of the uprising who escaped through the sewers, this source is a true testament of the separation and killing methods of Nazi forces throughout World War II during and after the uprising. Gutman, Israel. Resistance: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1994. Gutman, a Warsaw Ghetto fighter who survived, wrote about the aftermath of the uprising. Unknown facts about uprisings in Sobibor, Treblinka, and other death camps revealed. Mr. Gutman described the uprising very clearly and I could almost see the sky red as fire, and feel the intense heat in this recollection. Guttman, Yisrael. Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. 14 Dec. 2011 <http://www.myjewishlearning.com/history/Modern_History/1914-1918/armed.shtml> This source written by the Jewish armed forces second in command, Yisrael Guttman, helped me understand the impact of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. It showed the sacrifices
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and struggles the Jews went through to retaliate. Battles, described perfectly, showed the perseverance of the Jewish people and Yisraels horror as Mordecai Anielwicz, head ZOB commander, committed suicide. Horn, Felix. Personal History: Felix Horn. 1996. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 27 Dec. 2011 <http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/viewer/wlc/testimony.php?RefId= FHAO585M> Written by a survivor of forced labor camps, this testimony from a Treblinka survivor helped me understand the horrors of these camps. This horrific source brought out the fight to survive and the pain of merciless beatings. Lauglin, Estelle. Estele Laughlin: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Holocaust First Person. 23 Dec. 2011 <http://www.ushmm.org/museum/publicprograms/programs /firstperson/podcast/detail.php?EventId=48EA8F70-A788-41B0-8CO3C6DFE206ABDA> This survivors podcast revealed the genius that was behind the creation of the underground resistance. The engineering of the bunkers and the contact with the Polish army was remarkable. However, it also showed how the fighters yearned for daylight, and how cramped the uncomfortable underground bunkers could be, since many families stayed together. Lowenberg, William. Oral History. Personal History. 1962. 2011. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 26 Dec. 2011 <http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/viewer/wlc/ testimony.php?RefId=WLT0539M> Mr. Lowenberg described the cramped conditions in the railroad cars used to transport the Jews to the death camps. His eloquent words described the fear and terror that spread
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through the ghetto every Monday, when the people about to be deported would be announced. Meed, Benjamin. Oral Interview. Personal History. 1990. 2011. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 27 Dec. 2011 <http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/viewer/ wlctestimony.php?RefId=BMA0460M> This source showed me the prejudice and torture faced by Mr. Meed and other Jews. After the invasion of Poland, the hatred for the Jewish race was demonstrated by a neighbors words, when Mr. Meed went to pick up a piece of bread on the Aryan side of Warsaw. The neighbor said, You a Jew, after announcing that the bread was for Polish people only. Meed, Benjamin. Oral Interview. Personal History. 1990. 2011. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 28 Dec. 2011 <http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/viewer/wlc/ testimony.php?RefId=BMU0466M> Living near the ghetto, Mr. Meed, a Jew, disguised as a Pole, witnessed the uprising, unable to help his own people, but only pray that they live. Roland, Charles. Courage Under Siege: Starvation, Disease, and Death in the Warsaw Ghetto. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. This first hand account from a survivor of the ghetto exposed me to its horror. This source talked about the smuggling of weapons, escaping through sewers, and the creating of factories inside the ghetto. It portrayed the unsanitary living conditions of the ghetto. Rotem, Simha. Memories of a Warsaw Ghetto Fighter: The Past Within Me. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.

In this recollection, Rotem recounts his years with the ZOB and exposes the fear and hostility felt by the ghetto defenders. He describes the merciless beating and killing of a boy caught smuggling potatoes. Rotem also describes the day when Nazi forces headed by Jurgen Stroop surrounded the ghetto and started the liquidation. He was one of the few who escaped through the sewers. Segments for the Classroom: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. 2012. USC Shoah Foundation Institute. 9 Jan. 2012 <http://dornsife.usc.edu/vhi/segmentsfortheclassroom/> It was exceptionally exciting to find this treasure chest containing 30 minutes of exclusive interviews with Warsaw Ghetto Survivors. After hearing testimonies of the survivors, I better understood the sacrifices and service these men and women paid to a cause. Silverstein, Leah. Oral Interview. Personal History. 1960. 2011. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 26 Dec. 2011 <http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/viewer/ wlc/testimony.php?RefId=LSS084OF> Mrs. Silverstein vividly described the horrors and unhygienic conditions of the Warsaw Ghetto, such as humans so thin they were mostly skin and bones. She described dead bodies lying on the street, covered with newspapers to be carted away. Silverstein, Leah H. Oral Interview. Personal History. 1960. 2011. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 27 Dec. 2011 <http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/viewer/ wlc/testimony.php?RefId=LSBO841F> In this second interview with Mrs. Silverstein, she talked about the burial of dead Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto. Really however, the cemetery was a pit, where Jews were lined up, covered with lime, and another layer stacked up on top.
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Silverstein, Leah H. Oral Interview. Personal History. 1960. 2011. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 5 Jan. 2012 <http:www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/viewer/ wlc/testimony.php?RefId=LSB0837F> This first hand account showed me the terror of the Nazi bombings on key bridges leading into Warsaw. Most families hid in carts and traveled through the cover of night. Panic and tension spread through families as they crossed the bridges, for they never knew if they would be bombed by Nazi planes. Mrs. Silverstein described the terrified screams of children and women. Silverstein, Leah H. Oral Interview. Personal History. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 1960. 2011. 5 Jan. 2012 <http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/viewer/ wlc/testimony.php?RefId=LST0846F> This first hand account revealed the horrors of the uprising, and the impact that followed. From her words, I felt the panic and hatred the Jewish fighters felt. Also Mrs. Silverstein talked about key facts not available in other previous sources, such as the working mechanism of the bunkers. Turner-Zaretsky, Sophie. Oral Interview. Personal History. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 1962. 2011. 28 Dec. 2011 <http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/viewer/ wlc/testimony.php?RefId=STZ00001> This interview conducted by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, showed me the secrecy needed to live in the ghetto. Even Jews on the Aryan side of Poland had a hard life. If caught between the hours of 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. they would be severely punished, possibly by death. Hence meetings in the cover of night were impossible.
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World War Two: Cass Lewart. My Century. BBC World Service. 30 Dec. 2011 <http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/people/features/mycentruy/ww2.shtml> Mr. Lewart, a Warsaw Ghetto survivor, talked about the power of Nazi propaganda and how degraded the Jews were made to feel by Nazi authorities. The power of blitzkrieg, known as lightning warfare, was described in this firsthand account. Zuckerman, William. The Revolt in the Warsaw Ghetto. Harpers Magazine. Sept. 1943: 352355. This article helped me understand the hardships and struggles faced by the Jewish people of Warsaw. Mr. Zuckerman brought out the heroism and pain faced by the inhabitants of the Warsaw ghetto, especially resistance fighters and leaders such as Mordecai Anielwicz and Yisrael Zuckerman. Zuckerman, Yistak. From the Warsaw Ghetto. Commentary. Dec. 1975. Mr. Zuckerman, a survivor of the Warsaw Ghetto, went into detail about the conditions of the ghetto. He also went over battle strategies and his experience as a fighter. This invaluable source explored the historical context such as the invasion of Poland, the persecution of Jews, and other events. Photographs: Cleveland Public Library Photograph Collection: Ruins of Minsk- Aug. 13, 1941; Associated Press Photo Young girls digging trenches- 1939; Three men being hanged in Warsaw- Dec. 10, 1945; Acme Photo Ruined buildings in Warsaw (after uprising)- Feb. 18, 1946; Unrra Photop from Acme Deck chair being used as a stretcher for a sick woman- Jan. 23, 1945; Swedish Picture
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Poland after the uprising, and Nazi invasion- ruined; June 27, 1946- Arne Sigrid Polish Army (Armia Krajowa)- Nov. 8, 1920 Nazi demonstration at Kattowitz- Jan. 9, 1940; Silisia Woman walking through destroyed Warsaw- April 3, 1946; Acme pictures Warsaw during winter close to uprising- Feb. 12, 1947; Acme pictures Warsaw in ruins- 1945 Destroyed building in Warsaw- Hans Reinhart; April 9, 1946 Destroyed bridge to Warsaw- September 25, 1939; Acme pictures Nazi forces marching through a captured Warsaw- 1940; Illus Bureau Officers saluting Nazi flag after invasion of Poland- Sept. 1939; Archive United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Aerial photograph showing the destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto. 16 May 1943. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photoarchives/detail.aspx?id=3341&search=Warsaw+ Ghetto+uprising&index=4> The bodies of Jewish policemen executed by SS personnel during the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising. April/May 1943. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photoarcives/detail.aspx?id=31522&search=Warsaw+ Ghetto+uprising&index=84> Ficowski, Jerzy. A view of the Great Synagogue on Tlomackie Street in Warsaw. 1 March 1943. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photoarchives/detail.aspx?id=1036428 &search=Warsaw+Ghetto+uprising&index=3> Grzywaczewski, Leszec. A building being burned down by SS personnel during the suppression of the uprising. April/May 1943. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photo
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archives/detail.aspx?id=13703&search=Warsaw+Ghetto+uprising&index=6> Grzwaczewski, Leszek. Jews captured by the SS during the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. April/May 1943. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photoarchives/ detail.aspx?id=13704&search=Warsaw+Ghetto+uprising&index=18> Jews captured by the SS during the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, forced to board a truck to a death or labor camp. April/May 1943. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://digitalassets. ushmm.org/photoarchives/detail.aspx?id=31486&search=Warsaw+Ghetto+uprising& index=16> Jews lined up against a wall prior to a weapons check during the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. April/May 1943. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/ photoarchives/detail.aspx?id=1088240&search=Warsaw+Ghetto+uprising& index=73> A man perched on a ledge outside a fourth story window of a burning building prepares to commit suicide. 22 April 1943. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photo archives/detail.aspx?Id=5229&search=Warsaw+Ghetto+uprising&index=90> Members of the Jewish resistance captured by SS troops during the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. April/May 1943. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photo archives/detail.aspx?id=1088309&search=Warsaw+Ghetto+uprising&index=31> Narodowej, Instytut P. A debris filled street in Warsaw during the suppression of the uprising. April/May 1943. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photoarchives/detail.aspx? id=1041520&search=Warsaw+Ghetto+uprising&index=2> Narodowej, Instytut P. The ruins of an apartment building destroyed by the SS during the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising. 1 May 1943. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://digital
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assets.ushmm.org/photoarchives/detail.aspx?id=3341&search=Warsaw+Ghetto+ uprising&index=11> Surrounded by SS and SD guards, SS Major General Jurgen Stroop watches house blocks burning, during the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. April/May 1943. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photoarchives/detail.aspx?id=1088309& search=Warsaw+Ghetto+uprising&index=31> Other Images Adolf Hiter. 2 Feb. 2012 <http://www.hyperboreanvibrations.blogspot.com/2011/03/inexhibition-held-in-moscow-russian.html> Bialer, Toshia. Thousands of Jews migrating into the Warsaw Ghetto. October 1940. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/survivor/women.html> Great Synagogue After Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. 9 Feb. 2012 <http://www.jewishvirtual library.org/jsource/vjw/Warsaw.html> Heinrich Himmler. 1940-1945. 3 Feb. 2012 <http://spiritualwarfare666.webs.com/Heinrich_ Himmer%20.htm> Jewish resistance fighters during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. 1943. 7 Feb. 2012 <http://polish greatness.blogspot.com/2011/08/warsaw-uprising-1944-august-3-polish.html> Jews are marched towards the transit point. 8 Feb. 2012 <http://www.holocaustresearchproject. org/revolt/warsawbattle.html> The Judenrat. 2 Feb. 2012 <www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/educational/educational_materials/adl/ images/lesson4_3.jpg>

Kulturbesitz, Bildarchiv Preussischer. Jewish boy selling white armbands with blue Star of David in Warsaw Ghetto. October 1939. 3 Feb. 2012 <http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/ site/pp.asp?c=gvKVLcMVLuG&b=394975> Meczenstwo, Walka. Children scale ghetto wall to smuggle food into the ghetto. January 1942. 3 Feb. 2012 <http://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/p124.htm> Nazi forces force old Jewish men to scrub the streets. 2 Feb. 2012 <http://santitafarella.word press.com/2009/03/11/bearing-witness-to-the-holocaust-jews-forced-by-nazis-toscrub-a-street-in-vienna.> Poster depicting a Jew begging for money. 1 Feb. 2012 <http://brainz.org/10-most-evilpropaganda-techniques-used-nazis/> Poster with captionThe Jew: Inciting War, Prolonging War. 5 Feb. 2012 <http://www.now thatsthrifty.co/2012/06/16-wwii-nazi-propoganda-posters.html> Stroop, Jurgen. Ruins of building after suppression of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. 3 Feb. 2012 <http://www.scrapbookpages.com/poland/warsawghetto/WarsawGhettoUprising.html> Zuckerman, Yistak. Mass Jewish and Polish hanging in Warsaw Ghetto. 3 Feb. 2012 <http:// executedtoday.com/2009/02/11/>

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Secondary Sources
Bachrach, Susan D. Tell Them We Remember: The Story of the Holocaust. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1994. This fascinating book gave me the basic information relating to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, underlining some key facts about Mordecai Anielwicz and other revolutionary members of the uprising. It also showed me the short term and long term impact of the rebellion. Bard, Mitchell., ed. The Complete History of the Holocaust. San Diego: Greenhaven Press Inc, 2001. Mitchells book showed me the key aspects of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Excerpts of journal accounts showed the pain the Jewish people faced, such as a family having to give up their young son to ensure his life. Bard, Mitchell. Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. 2011. Jewish Virtual Library. 10 Nov. 2011 <http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/uprising1.html> Another webpage by Mitchell gave me a broad overview of my topic and filled in gaps in my note taking. It included good images and had more information about SS General Jurgen Stroop, who ordered the destruction of the ghetto in early 1942. Berenbaum, Michael. The Holocaust. World Book. 2010. This source provided historical context information. It also gave me a broad overview of the struggle to live faced by the Jews and the atrocities of the concentration camps such as Aushwitz.

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Berenbaum, Michael. Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. 2011. 25 Dec. 2011 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/636138/Warsaw-Ghetto-Uprising> Michaels website gave me a broad overview of my topic. It also helped me understand the hardships faced by the Jewish fighting agencies, and the difficulty in alleviating the hardships put upon the Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto. Callahan, Kerry. Mordecai Anielwicz: Hero of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2001. Written exclusively on Mordecai Anielwicz, this book described the many things Anielwicz and his fighters did for the ghetto. It helped me understand the Jewish fight to survive. It also showed me the impact of the uprising. Fremon, David K. The Holocaust Heroes. New Jersey: Enslow Publishers Inc, 1998. Written eloquently about the Judenrat and the Holocaust fighters, this source gave me a great background on Mordecai Anielwicz and Adam Czerniakow (head of the Judenrat). Included were pictures of the atrocities of the ghetto. Georg, Willy. In The Warsaw Ghetto Summer 1941. Los Angeles: Aperture, 1991. Filled with pictures of the atrocities of the Warsaw Ghetto, such as a woman starving on the streets, two little children, one of them dead in the others arms, and dead bodies lining the streets, covered in newspapers, this book depicted the horrid conditions in the ghetto. The Ghetto Fights. Warsaw. 2011. 6 Nov. 2011 <http://www.warsaw-life.com/poland/warsawghetto-uprising>

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This website gave me a somewhat detailed overview of the uprising, covering key facts and giving me a better understanding of the revolts. It exposed the underground system of resistance, ZOB and the smuggling and creating of firearms, Molotov Cocktails and pistols. Hass, Peter. Telephone Interview. 15 Jan. 2012. Dr. Hass, a Case Western Reserve University professor, helped me understand the trickery of the Nazis. He also told me that some Jews were traitors to their own race and some Nazis tried to help the Jews to no avail. Geller, Jay. Email Interview. 28 Feb. 2012. Dr. Geller, a Case Western Reserve University college professor, helped me understand the impact of the uprising. Giving detailed answers to my questions, he helped me understand why the Jews fighting in the uprising did not die in vain. Jurgen Stroop. Jewish Virtual Library. 2011. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 14 Dec. 2011 <http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/stroop.html> Written entirely about SS leader Jurgen Stroop, this source clearly described his life before the war, his perception of World War II, and finally his death by hanging in Warsaw, Poland on September 8, 1951. Menszer, John. Warsaw Ghetto. 2011. 30 Dec. 2011 <http://www.holocaustsurvivors.org /data.show.php?di=record&data=encyclopedia&ke=117> Menszers website showed me the horrendous food rations allowed by Nazi officials. A mere 180 calories was the daily ration, the equivalent of a bowl of soup per day! It talked about the jokes and jingles sung about Adam Czerniakow, the head of the Judenrat and the smuggling of food into the ghetto without the Judenrat knowing. It showed me the
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pain even the Judenrat members felt, and exposed me to Czerniakows last words before he committed suicide. Mordecai Anielwicz- Facts, Birthday, Life Story. Mordecai Anielwicz. 14 Dec. 2011 <http://www.biography.com/people/mordecai-anielwicz-40841?page=1> This website detailed the background of resistance leader Mordecai Anielwicz. It described his eagerness to resist Jewish oppression by joining the Zionist movement as a youth and his rousing of Jews in various places in East Germany. It mostly talked about his readiness to fight and how he fought until his last breath. Operation Reinhard (Einsatz Reinhard). Holocaust Encyclopedia. 2011. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 6 Jan. 2012 <http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php? ModuleId=1005195> Key facts about Operation Reinhard (Einsatz Reinhard), the codename given to the Nazi plan of annihilating every Jew in Poland, were uncovered in this source. Secret deals with the Soviet Union (Russia) and the early slaughter of Jews and other inferior people even before the start of World War II were some of the Nazi strategies. Also the effectiveness of Nazi propaganda was revealed in this source. Rice, Earle Jr. The Final Solution. San Diego: Lucent Books, 1998. Enhanced with graphic pictures depicting the horrors of the ghettos, this book conveyed the Jews fight to live. It shows the death camps and Nazi acts of genocide. An Aushwitz survivors words helped me understand the atrocities of the death camps and the persecution of the Jewish race. Rosenthal, A.M. Forgive Them Not for They Knew What They Did. The New York Times Magazine. 24 Oct. 1965: 50+
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Rosenthals article written 25 years after the uprising to commemorate the ghetto showed me the impact the ghetto still has on the world and its inhabitants today. Mr. Rosenthal does an excellent job in portraying the impact of the uprising, uncovering the horrors of the death camps, and the persecution of the Jewish race. Stewart, Gail B. Life in the Warsaw Ghetto. San Diego: Lucent Books, 1995. Mrs. Stewart talked about the Nazi atrocities in the Warsaw ghetto, such as mass murder and occasional hangings and unnecessary harassment of the Jews. Focusing more on historical context during the Holocaust (the invasion of Poland, and the persecution of Jews) this book was an invaluable source. Toward Genocide. Milwaukee: World Almanac Library, 2006. Dedicated to the Jews who were killed during the Holocaust, Toward Genocide, described with great detail the death camps. It described Treblinka and its gassing centers, and Aushwitz and its ovens. With great detail, it described a mass murder in the Warsaw Ghetto. It helped me understand the atrocities conducted by German forces. Tsvi Nussbaum. 2011. 23 Dec. 2011 <http://www.auschwitz.dk/star/Nussbaum.htm> Many famous images of the Warsaw ghetto depict a young boy of seven being forced to raise his hands by a German official. Years later the boy, Tsvi Nussabaum, was found. Mr. Nussbaums words painted a picture for me of the cruelty of the Nazi forces during the ghetto, twisted and brainwashed by their superiors, enough to point a gun at and threaten a seven-year-old boy. "Warsaw." Holocaust Encyclopedia. 6 Jan. 2011. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 1 Nov. 2011 <http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005069>

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Written by the U.S. Holocaust Museum, this website gave me a broad overview of the historical context of my topic. It covered both the Holocaust and what was occurring in Warsaw during the time of the uprising. It effectively portrayed how Nazi forces slowly overtook the Jews, law after law, until they were confined to a ghetto. "Warsaw Ghetto Uprising." Holocaust Encyclopedia. 6 Jan. 2011. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 1 Nov. 2011 <http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php? ModuleId=10005188> Being the first source I used, it gave me a broad overview of my topic. It also included basic facts as to what occurred and how it impacted the world. It included short biographies on major leaders on both the Nazi and Jewish sides. The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (April 19- May 16, 1943). America and the Holocaust. 2009. WGBH Educational Foundations. 12 Nov. 2011 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/ holocaust/peopleevents/pandeAMEX103.html> PBSs website described more information about the ghetto, the underground resistance movement, the smuggling of weapons into the ghetto, and the resistance against German forces. It also gave the number of firearms used in the ghetto, and the tactics used by resistance and ZOB leader Mordecai Anielwicz. The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: The Spirited Resistance of a Jewish Community. 29 Dec. 2011 <http://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/nhs/cur/Baker_00/03/Baker-SS-03/ss-baker-03.htm> This source gave me a basic overview of the key facts of the uprising. However, it mainly contributed to my knowledge of the impact the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising had on the world and all Jewish people. Warsaw: Timeline of Events. 2008. 6 Jan. 2012 <http://warsawthemusical.com/i-timeline.htm>
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A well-written timeline, this showed me the historical context of the uprising in both Poland and Western Europe. It helped me understand what events led up to the uprising, and gave me information not disclosed by my other sources such as specific dates and the exact numbers of deportations. At the end was a helpful summary of the uprising. World War II: Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. 12 June 2006. 25 Dec. 2011 <://www.historynet.com/world-war-ii-warsaw-ghetto-uprising.htm> After conducting extensive research on my topic, this web page filled in the gaps to my research. It gave me key facts such as how hundreds of Jews escaped through the sewers and how organized Jewish guerrilla attacks were conducted. Music: Barber, Samuel. Adagio for Strings. String Quartet Op. 11. London, 2001. Orff, Carl. Carmina Burana. Schott Music. London. 1937. Zimmer, Hans. Pearl Harbor Soundtrack. Warner Brothers. United States. 2001. Tchaikovsky, Pyotr. Pathetique. Sixth Symphony (Termirkanov). London. 1893.

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