Kaka Defence

Fractal Microstrip Antenna Design for UWB, Multiband, Low Loss and Miniaturized Characterstics.
Ademola Kaka & Charles Ogala

Electric & Electronic Engineering Department, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, North-Cyprus, Mersin 10 Turkey
Thesis Defense 2012 T.R.N.C
Agenda
Motivation
Ultra Wide Band Technology Smart antenna design
Fractal Geometry Proposed Antenna Design Results Discussions
Thesis Defense 2012 T.R.N.C
Motivation
Rapid evolution of interactive multimedia services are fuelling the development of high capacity and future proof wireless network solutions. Ultra wideband (UWB) technology can offer new opportunities and challenges filled with flexibility for the WPAN designs. As a consequence with UWB technology, the design of efficient and low cost antennas are quite crucial and challenging concept. Using modern theory of fractal design is one way of designing miniaturized, wide band and multi-band (multi-service) antennas.
Thess Defense 2012 T.R.N.C
UWB Technology
WPAN
Synchronization, Media, Serial, USB, Location, tracking
ZigBee 802.15.4
Bluetooth 802.15.1
UltraWideBand ECMA 368
Low
WiFi 802.11b WiFi 802.11a/g/n
WLAN
Range
Voice, data, Messaging, media
Mobility
WMAN
Bridging access Distribution, Bypass backhaul
Wimax 802.16e
Full
GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS HSDPA/ HSUPA LTE
WAN
Voice, data, Location/tracking, telemetry
1kbps
10kbps
100kbps
1Mbps
10Mbps
100Mbps
1Gbps
Bit Rate
Customer Network
UWB has uniquely attractive transmission features, such as flexibility, robustness and high precision ranging capabilities. Due to its ultra-low radiation power, it offers good performance and robust coexistence in the presence of other wireless services. Wireless clients communicate using UWB with the sources Wireless clients are TV, DVR, mobile phone, palmtop etc.
Fractal Geometries
Self-similarility
space filling property Non-integer Dimension
Self Avoidance
There are several well-known fractal geometries for antenna applications and these designs can show compact and multi-band characteristics. These include studies on the Snow flake fractal, Koch loop, Sierpinski Gasket, Minkowski loop and Giusepe Peano type antenna
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Sierpinski carpet generation process, (a) initiator, (b) 1st iteration, (c) 2nd iteration, (d) 3rd iteration and (e) 4th iteration.
Minkowski fractal generation process, (a) initiator, (b) 1st iteration, (c) 2nd iteration, (d) 3rd iteration and (e) 4th iteration.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Proposed Fractal Geometry
(a)
(b)
L1 L2 L3
(c)
25 mm 31 mm 11.1 mm 5.6 mm 2.5 mm 7 mm
(d)
L4 L5
L6
Relative dielectric Constant 2.2 DielectricLoss tangent 0.0009 Substrate thickness 2.1 mm Relative permitivity 1 Dimension of the Antenna 45 mm x 45 mm
The antenna is excited with the use of a micro-strip line.
Results E-Field Distribution

The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to analyze the proposed antenna with commercially available Ansoft HFSS software.
Results Simulated Return Loss (dB)
Return Loss (dB)
Frequency (GHz)
Results - VSWR
Ansoft LLC
5.00
XY Plot 6
Patch1
Curve Info
ANSOFT
4.50 4.5
VSWR(WavePort1) Setup1 : Sw eep1
44.00
VSWR(WavePort1)
3.5 3.50
VSWR
33.00
2.5 2.50 22.00
1.50 1.5
11.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
6 7 8 Frequency (GHz)
7.00 Freq [GHz]
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
10
11
Results Phase Measurement

200 150 Return Loss Phase 100 50 0 -50 -100
-150
-200
6 7 8 9 10 11 Frequency (GHz) In UWB systems, linear phase response of the radiated field as well as stable group delay response is desirable for a non-distorted shape of the transmitted electric pulse.
3 5
Results Radiation Patterns

Ansoft LLC Ansoft LLC Ansoft LLC Ansoft LLC
Radiation Pattern 3 Radiation Pattern 3 Radiation Pattern 30 0 Radiation Pattern 3 0

-300
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30 30 20.00 20.00 30 10.00
30
-30
20.00 20.00 -60
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10.00
10.00
60
10.00
0.00
dB(rETotal) Ansoft LLC Curve Info Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(rETotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='10GHz' Phi='0deg' Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='10GHz' Phi='0deg' Ansoft LLC dB(rETotal) Freq='10GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(rETotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(rETotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='10GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(rETotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='10GHz' Phi='90deg' Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='10GHz' Phi='90deg' dB(rETotal) Freq='10GHz' Phi='90deg' Setup1 : LastAdaptive 60 60 Freq='10GHz' Phi='90deg'
HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT HFSSDesign1 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT Info Curve Curve Info HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT Curve Info dB(rETotal)
ANSOFT
Ansoft LLC Ansoft LLC
Radiation Pattern 4 Radiation Pattern 4 Radiation Pattern 4 0 0 Radiation Pattern 4 0

-30 -30
-30
16.00
30 30 16.00
30
-30
-60 -60
30
2.00
16.00
16.00
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2.00
0.00 -10.00
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0.00 -10.00
2.00
60 -12.00 60
60
-60
0.00
-10.00 -90 -90
2.00
-12.00
dB( Setup1 : LastAdaptiv dB(rETheta) Curve Info Setup1 : L Freq='10GHz' Phi='0 Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='10G dB(rETheta) Freq='10GHz' Phi='0deg'dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB( Setup1 : LastAdaptiv dB(rETheta) Freq='10GHz' Phi='0deg' Setup1 : L Freq='10GHz' Phi='9 Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='10G dB(rETheta) Freq='10GHz' Phi='90deg' Setup1 : LastAdaptive 60 60 Freq='10GHz' Phi='90deg'
HFSSDesign HFS HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT Info Curve Cu HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT Curve Info dB(rETheta)
-12.00 -26.00
-12.00
-10.00
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90
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90
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90 90
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Ansoft LLC
3.432 GHz 3.432 3.432GHz GHz 3.432 GHz

-180
Ansoft LLC Ansoft LLC Ansoft LLC
-30
Radiation Pattern 3 Radiation Pattern 3 Radiation Pattern 3 0 0 0 Radiation Pattern 3 -30 30

0
-30
30 0.00 0.00
0.00
-30 0.00
-60 -60
30 -20.00
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-20.00
-20.00
60
-60
-20.00 -40.00 -40.00 -60.00

-90
-40.00 -60.00
ANSOFT Curve Info Curve Info LLC Ansoft dB(rETheta) ANSOFT dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(rETheta) Ansoft Setup1 : LastAdaptive 30 Freq='2.5GHz' Phi='0deg'LLC Curve Info Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2.5GHz' Phi='0deg' Freq='2.5GHz' Phi='0deg'dB(rETheta) dB(rETheta) dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptiveSetup1 : LastAdaptive dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2.5GHz' Phi='90deg' Freq='2.5GHz' Phi='0deg' Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2.5GHz' Phi='90deg' Freq='2.5GHz' Phi='90deg' dB(rETheta) 60 Setup1 : LastAdaptive 60 Freq='2.5GHz' Phi='90deg'
HFSSDesign2
HFSSDesign2 ANSOFT HFSSDesign2
Curve Info HFSSDesign2
3.96 GHz 3.963.96 GHz GHz 3.96 GHz

-180
ANSOFT
-150
Radiation Pattern 10 Radiation Pattern 10 Radiation Pattern 100 0 0 Radiation Pattern 10 -30 30
0
-30
-3.00 30 -3.00
-30
30
-3.00
-30
-60 -60
-40.00 60 -60.00
90 90
-60
-3.00 -11.00 -11.00 -19.00 -19.00 -27.00
30 -11.00
-11.00
60
-19.00 -27.00
ANSOFT Curve Info Cur dB(rETotal) ANSOFT dB(rE Setup3 : LastAdaptive dB(rETotal) Setup3 : Las Curve Info Freq='4.6GHz' Phi='0de Setup3 : LastAdaptive Freq='4.6GH Freq='4.6GHz' Phi='0deg'dB(rETotal) dB(rETotal) dB(rE Setup3 : LastAdaptive Setup3 : LastAdaptive dB(rETotal) Setup3 : Las Freq='4.6GHz' Phi='90d Freq='4.6GHz' Phi='0deg' Setup3 : LastAdaptive Freq='4.6GH Freq='4.6GHz' Phi='90deg' dB(rETotal) 60 Setup3 : LastAdaptive 60 Freq='4.6GHz' Phi='90deg'
HFSSDesign1
HFSSDesign1 HFSS
Curve Info HFSSDesign1
-60
-19.00 -27.00
60
-90
-90
-60.00
90
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-27.00
90
90
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-150 -150 150
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Annular ring patch on the substrate behaves as a patch antenna with an air dielectric in order to reduce the excitation of the surface waves. An optimal adjustment of the ring patch can increase the upper frequency and decrease reflection in higher band due to small reflection theory.
30 -30
Ansoft LLC
4.488 GHz 4.488 4.488GHz GHz 4.488 GHz

-180
-150
150
-180
150
150
Ansoft LLC
Radiation Pattern 4 Radiation Pattern 4 Radiation Pattern 40

0
30 14.00
Patch1 ANSOFT Patch1 Patch1 ANSOFT Info Curve

30
0 Radiation Pattern 4 -30
-30
14.00
14.00
-30
-60
14.00 -2.00
30 -2.00
-2.00
-60
-60
-60
-2.00 -18.00 -18.00 -34.00 -34.00
-18.00 -34.00
60
Curve Info Curve Info dB(rETheta) Patch1 ANSOFTLastAdaptive dB(rETheta) Setup1 : dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Setup1 : LastAdaptive Curve Info Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='0deg' Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='0deg' Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(rETheta) dB(rETheta) dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='90deg' Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='0deg' Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='90deg'Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='90deg' 60 dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive 60 Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='90deg'
5.014 GHz 5.014 5.014GHz GHz 5.014 GHz

-150 150
-180
-180
ANSOFT
-18.00 -34.00
60
-90
90
-90
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90
90
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150 -180
120
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120 120
Results 5.014 GHz Patterns (2) 5.554 GHz Radiation 4.488 GHz 5.014 GHz
-150 -150 150 150
-150
Ansoft LLC
5.554 GHz
-120
-120
120
Radiation Pattern 2
150
0
150 -180
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-150
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-30
30
-2.00
Patch1
ANSOFT
Ansoft LLC
Radiation Pattern 4
0
Patch1
ANSOFT
Ansoft LLC
Radiation Pattern 2
0
HFSSD
Curve Info dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='90deg'
Curve Info
-14.00 60 -26.00 -38.00

60 30
Curve
-30 14.00
30
dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='90deg'
-60
-30
-2.00
dB(rET Setup1 : Last Freq='3.5GHz
-2.00 -60 -18.00 60
-14.00 -60 -26.00
dB(rET Setup1 : Last Freq='3.5GHz
60
-90
-34.00
-38.00
90
90
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90
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90
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120
120
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150 -180
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50
Ansoft LLC HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT Ansoft LLC Curve Info

5.554 GHz GHz 6.072

0 -30 -2.00
Radiation Pattern 2
HFSSDesign1
Curve Info
ANSOFT
Radiation Pattern 2
0
30
Ansoft LLC HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT dB(rETheta)

Setup1 : LastAdaptive Curve Info Freq='3.5GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(rETheta) dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.432GHz' Phi='0deg' Freq='3.5GHz' Phi='90deg' dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.432GHz' Phi='90deg'
6.072 GHz 6.60 GHz

AnsoftAnsoft LLC LLC
0 -30 3.00
-60 -4.00
Radiation Pattern 4 Radiation Pattern 2 Radiation Pattern 4

0 -30
HFSSDesign1
Curve Info
ANSOFT HFSSDesign2
0
30
Curve Info
-30
30
-30
-14.00 -60 -26.00
30 3.00
60
10.00
10.00
dB(rETheta) dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Setup130 : LastAdaptive Freq='3GHz' Phi='0deg' Freq='3.432GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(rETheta)
0.00
0.00
-10.00 60 -20.00
Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(rETheta) Freq='3GHz' Phi='90deg Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.432GHz' Phi='90deg'
60
60
-4.00 60
-60
-60
-11.00 -18.00
60
-60
-38.00
-10.00 -20.00
-11.00
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90
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-18.00
90
90
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90
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90
-120 120
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120
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120
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150 -180
HFSSDesign2
Curve Info dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3GHz' Phi='0deg'
HFSSDesign2
7.128 GHz
Ansoft LLC
Ansoft LLC
7.656 GHz
-150
-150
150
150 -180
HFSSDesign1
-180
Radiation Pattern 1
0 30
Radiation Pattern 4
0 Radiation Pattern 3
Ansoft LLC
ANSOFT
Ansoft LLC
HFSSDesign1
Curve Info
ANSOFT
ANSOFT
-30 10.00
0 -30
0.00
30
30 -2.00
60 -10.00
dB(rETheta) dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.4GHz' Phi='0deg'

Freq='3GHz' Phi='90deg'
Ansoft LLC
7.656 GHz
0
-30
Radiation Pattern 3
HFSSDesign1
Curve Info
ANSOFT
9.00
-30
30
-2.00
-60
Radiation Pattern 1
-3.00 -9.00
3.00
dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(rETotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.4GHz' Phi='0deg' Freq='3.432GHz' Phi='90deg dB(rETheta) 60 Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.4GHz' Phi='90deg'
dB(rETotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Curve Info Freq='3.432GHz' Phi='0deg'
dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3GHz' Phi='90deg'
-60
-14.00 60
dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.4GHz' Phi='90deg'
-14.00 -60
0
60
-30
-26.00
-90
30
-60
-20.00
9.00
90
Setup Freq=
-26.00
-38.00
3.00
Setup Freq=
-120
120
-120
120
Results 7.656 GHz Radiation Patterns (3)

-150 150 -180
-150 -180
150
Ansoft LLC
Ansoft LLC
Radiation Pattern 1
0
HFSSDesign1
Curve Info
ANSOFT
8.184 GHz
0 -30 8.00 1.00 -60 -6.00 -13.00
Radiation Pattern 4
30
HFSSDes
Curve Info
-30 9.00
30
dB(rETotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.432GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(rETotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.432GHz' Phi='90deg'
dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdapt Freq='3.432GHz' Ph
dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdapt Freq='3.432GHz' Ph
3.00 -60 -3.00 -9.00 60
60
-90
90
-90
90
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120
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120
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150 -180
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150 -180
8.712 GHz
Ansoft LLC
-30 -60
Ansoft LLC
9.240 GHz
Radiation Pattern 2
0 -30 20.00 30 10.00 -60 0.00 -10.00 60
HFSSDesign2
Curve Info dB(rETotal) Setup2 : LastAdaptive Freq='4.7GHz' Phi='0deg'
ANSOFT
Radiation Pattern 2
0 30 10.00
HFSSDesign1
ANSOFT
0.00 60 -10.00 -20.00
dB(rETotal) Setup2 : LastAdaptive Freq='4.7GHz' Phi='90deg'
-90
90
-90
90
-120
120
-120
120
-150
150 -180
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150
9.768 GHz
10.296 GHz
Ansoft LLC
-15.00
XY Plot 5
HFSSDesign5
Curve Info
ANSOFT
dB(S(1,1)) Setup2 : Sw eep1
-20.00
-25.00
-30.00
dB(S(1,1))
-35.00
-40.00
-45.00
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-55.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 Freq [GHz] 10.00 12.50 15.00
Ansoft LLC
1.35
XY Plot 6
HFSSDesign5
Curve Info
ANSOFT
VSWR(1) Setup2 : Sw eep1
1.30
1.25
VSWR(1)
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 Freq [GHz] 10.00 12.50 15.00
(a)
(b)
Ansoft LLC
Radiation Pattern 5
0 -30 4.00 30
HFSSDesign1
Curve Info dB(rETheta) Setup2 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.5GHz' Phi='0deg'
ANSOFT
-12.00 -60 -28.00 -44.00 60
-90
90
-120
120
-150 -180
150
IEEE APWC 2011 Torino, Italy
Ansoft LLC
2.60
XY Plot 5
Patch1
Curve Info
ANSOFT
VSWR(WavePort1) Setup2 : Sw eep1
2.40
2.20
VSWR(WavePort1)
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 Freq [GHz] 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
Ansoft LLC
200.00
XY Plot 3
HFSSDesign1
Curve Info
ANSOFT
ang_deg(S(1,1)) Setup1 : Sw eep1
150.00
100.00
ang_deg(S(1,1)) [deg]
50.00
0.00
-50.00
-100.00
-150.00
-200.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 Freq [GHz] 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
Ansoft LLC
Radiation Pattern 3
0 -30 6.00 -60 -8.00 -22.00 -36.00 -90 90 60 30
Ansoft LLC
HFSSDesign1
Curve Inf o
Radiation Pattern 7
0 -30 8.00 30
HFSSDesign1
Curve Inf o dB(rETheta) Setup5 : LastAdaptive Freq='5GHz' Phi='0deg'
ANSOFT
ANSOFT
-90
-4.00 -60 -16.00 -28.00 60
90
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120
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150
(a) 3.432 GHz

Ansoft LLC
-30 -60 -90
Radiation Pattern 2
0 30 0.00
HFSSDesign1
Curve Inf o dB(rETotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3GHz' Phi='0deg'
ANSOFT
(b) 3.96 GHz

Ansoft LLC
0 -30 -60
Radiation Pattern 9
30 6.00
HFSSDesign1
Curve Inf o dB(rETheta) Setup6 : LastAdaptive Freq='5.5GHz' Phi='0deg'
ANSOFT
-10.00 60 -20.00 -30.00
dB(rETotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3GHz' Phi='90deg'
-8.00 60 -22.00 -36.00
90
-90
90
-120
120
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120
-150 -180
150
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150 -180
(c) 4.488 GHz

Ansoft LLC
(d) 5.016 GHz

Ansoft LLC
Radiation Pattern 4
0 -30 10.00 30
HFSSDesign1
Curve Inf o dB(rETotal) Setup3 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.9GHz' Phi='0deg'
ANSOFT
Radiation Pattern 6
0 -30 7.00 30
HFSSDesign1
ANSOFT
-1.00 -60 -9.00 60
0.00 -60 -10.00 -20.00 60
-17.00
-90
-90 90
90
-120
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120
-150 -180
150
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150
(e) 5.574 GHz

Ansoft LLC
-30 -60
Ansoft LLC
Radiation Pattern 7
0 30 6.00
HFSSDesign1
Curve Inf o dB(rETheta) Setup7 : LastAdaptive Freq='6GHz' Phi='0deg'
ANSOFT
(f) 6.072 GHz

0 -30 14.00 8.00 -60 2.00 -4.00 -90
Radiation Pattern 5
30
HFSSDesign1
ANSOFT
-8.00 60 -22.00 -36.00
60
90
-90
90
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150
(g) 6.600 GHz

Ansoft LLC
-30 -60
Radiation Pattern 6
0 30 7.00
HFSSDesign1
ANSOFT
Ansoft LLC
(h) 7.128 GHz

Radiation Pattern 2
0 -30 -3.00 30 -6.00 -60 -9.00 -12.00 60
HFSSDesign1
Curve Inf o
ANSOFT
dB10normalize(rETotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2.5GHz' Phi='0deg' dB10normalize(rETotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2.5GHz' Phi='90deg'
-1.00 60 -9.00 -17.00
-90
90
-90
90
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120
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120
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150
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150
(i) 7.656 GHz

Ansoft LLC
-30 -60
Radiation Pattern 7
0 30 12.00
HFSSDesign1
ANSOFT
Ansoft LLC
(j) 8.184 GHz

0 -30 12.00 4.00 -60 -4.00 -12.00
Radiation Pattern 6
30
HFSSDesign1
ANSOFT
4.00 60 -4.00 -12.00
60
-90
90
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90
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(k) 8.712 GHz

Ansoft LLC
Ansoft LLC
HFSSDesign1
Curve Inf o dB(rETotal) Setup2 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.5GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(rETotal) Setup2 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.5GHz' Phi='90deg'
ANSOFT
(l) 9.240 GHz

Radiation Pattern 6
0 -30 12.00 30 4.00 -60 -4.00 -12.00 60
HFSSDesign1
ANSOFT
Radiation Pattern 1
0 -30 9.00 30
3.00 -60 -3.00 -9.00 60
-90
-90 90
90
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120
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120
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150
(m) 9.768 GHz
(n) 10.296 GHz
Simulated radiation patterns of the proposed antenna (a) 3.96GHz, (b) 5.014 GHz, (c) 5.554 GHz, (d) 6.6 GHz, (e) 7.656 GHz, (f) 8.184 GHz, (g) 9.24 GHz, (h) 9.768 GHz, (i) 10.296 GHz.
(a)
(b)
Ansoft LLC
0.00
XY Plot 6
HFSSDesign6
Curve Info
ANSOFT
dB(S(1,1)) Setup1 : Sw eep1
-10.00
-20.00
dB(S(1,1))
-30.00
-40.00
-50.00 0.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 Freq [GHz] 12.50 15.00 17.50 20.00
Ansoft LLC
9.00
XY Plot 5
HFSSDesign6
Curve Info
ANSOFT
VSWR(1) Setup1 : Sw eep1
8.00
7.00
6.00
VSWR(1)
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00 0.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 Freq [GHz] 12.50 15.00 17.50 20.00
Discussion
A monopole antenna design is proposed by using the combined fractal geometry with multiband and broadband characteristics. Core fractal properties, such as space filling and self-similarity, ensures to provide miniaturized and promising characteristics for antenna designs. Results indicate the impedance bandwidth in the 3.1 10.6 GHz UWB range and show desirable reflection coefficient characteristics, better than -15dB.
In general the proposed antennas have % 80 radiation efficiency over 7.5GHz UWB bandwidth. Relatively stable and pseudo Omni-directional performance has been obtained for the radiation patterns over full UWB bandwidth.

Kaka Defence

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Fractal Microstrip Antenna Design for UWB, Multiband, Low Loss and Miniaturized Characterstics.

Ademola Kaka & Charles Ogala

Thesis Defense 2012 T.R.N.C

Fractal Geometry Proposed Antenna Design Results Discussions

Thesis Defense 2012 T.R.N.C

Thess Defense 2012 T.R.N.C

UltraWideBand ECMA 368

Voice, data, Messaging, media

Bridging access Distribution, Bypass backhaul

Thess Defense 2012 T.R.N.C

Thess Defense 2012 T.R.N.C

Thess Defense 2012 T.R.N.C

Proposed Fractal Geometry

The antenna is excited with the use of a micro-strip line.

Thess Defense 2012 T.R.N.C

Results E-Field Distribution

Thess Defense 2012 T.R.N.C

Results Simulated Return Loss (dB)

Return Loss (dB)

Thess Defense 2012 T.R.N.C

VSWR(WavePort1) Setup1 : Sw eep1

7.00 Freq [GHz]

Thess Defense 2012 T.R.N.C

Results Phase Measurement

Thess Defense 2012 T.R.N.C

Results Radiation Patterns

Radiation Pattern 3 Radiation Pattern 3 Radiation Pattern 30 0 Radiation Pattern 3 0

30 30 20.00 20.00 30 10.00

20.00 20.00 -60

Ansoft LLC Ansoft LLC

Radiation Pattern 4 Radiation Pattern 4 Radiation Pattern 4 0 0 Radiation Pattern 4 0

3.432 GHz 3.432 3.432GHz GHz 3.432 GHz

Radiation Pattern 3 Radiation Pattern 3 Radiation Pattern 3 0 0 0 Radiation Pattern 3 -30 30

-20.00 -40.00 -40.00 -60.00

HFSSDesign2 ANSOFT HFSSDesign2

Curve Info HFSSDesign2

3.96 GHz 3.963.96 GHz GHz 3.96 GHz

Ansoft LLC Ansoft LLC

-3.00 -11.00 -11.00 -19.00 -19.00 -27.00

Curve Info HFSSDesign1

4.488 GHz 4.488 4.488GHz GHz 4.488 GHz

Ansoft LLC Ansoft LLC

Radiation Pattern 4 Radiation Pattern 4 Radiation Pattern 40

Patch1 ANSOFT Patch1 Patch1 ANSOFT Info Curve

0 Radiation Pattern 4 -30

-2.00 -18.00 -18.00 -34.00 -34.00

5.014 GHz 5.014 5.014GHz GHz 5.014 GHz

Thess Defense 2012 T.R.N.C

-14.00 60 -26.00 -38.00

dB(rET Setup1 : Last Freq='3.5GHz

-2.00 -60 -18.00 60

-14.00 -60 -26.00

dB(rET Setup1 : Last Freq='3.5GHz

Ansoft LLC HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT Ansoft LLC Curve Info

5.554 GHz GHz 6.072

Ansoft LLC HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT dB(rETheta)

6.072 GHz 6.60 GHz

Radiation Pattern 4 Radiation Pattern 2 Radiation Pattern 4

Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(rETheta) Freq='3GHz' Phi='90deg Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.432GHz' Phi='90deg'

dB(rETheta) dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.4GHz' Phi='0deg'

dB(rETotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Curve Info Freq='3.432GHz' Phi='0deg'

dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3GHz' Phi='90deg'

dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='3.4GHz' Phi='90deg'