Medadteam 2010 - 4th Year Exams

Fourth Year Exams www.medadteam.
org NMT 12
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Fourth Year Exams www.medadteam.org NMT 12
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COLLECTED QUESTIONS
EYELID
 Describe a cross section of the upper lid. Illustrate your answer with diagram.
(91,98)
 Draw with labels a section of the upper lid (2003)
Belephritis
 Define blepharitis & enumerate their
CHALAZION
 Give an account on chalazion
ENTROPION and ECTROPiON

 Comment on entropion. (92)
 Mention types & causes of entropies. (2003)
 Deflnltion, types and clinical picture of entropion (2005)
SYMBLEPHARON
 Discuss Symblepharon. (90)
 LAGOPHTHALMOS
 Discuss Lagophthalmos. (95,96)
LACRIMAL APPARATUS:
 Discuss the anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system. (2004)
 Causes and investigations of a watery eye. (2000)
 Enumerate causes of epiphora. (2003)
CONJUNCTIVA
 Describe the anatomy of the conjunctiva (97, 2001)
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 What are the clinical picture, fate and management of the adult type of mucopurulent
conjunctivitis ( 2004 )
 Discuss trachoma as regard clinical picture, stages, treatment and enumerate ocular
 Complications of trachoma (2003)
 What Is the differential diagnosis of pannus? (2003)
 Differential diagnosis of trachomatous follicles, Papillae and pannus (No

treatment)(2000)
 Describe denderitic ulcer and mention its treatment. (2004)
 Describe the type, clinical picture, complications & treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
(94)
 Phlectenular kerato conjunctivitis (96, 2002)
 Discuss etiology, clinical picture and treatment of spring catarrh. (98)
 What are the causes, clinical picture and treatment of dry eye (2004,2005)
 Definition, diagnosis and management of ophthalmia neonatorum (2005)
Orbit
 Cavernous sinus thrombosis. (99, 2005)
 Orbital cellulites ( 95 )
 Differential diagnosis of acute inflammatory proptosis. (2000)
 Enumerate 5 causes of unilateral proptosis. (2003)
CRYSTALLINE LENS
 Discuss congenital cataract.
 Enumerate various forms of congenital cataract.
 Causes and clinical characteristics
 How can you prepare & treat a case of senile cataract.
 What is the definition, causes, signs and management of the aphakia? (2004)
 Causes, types and clinical picture of dislocation of the lens (2005)
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“Time stays long enough for anyone who will use it.”
Leonardo Da Vinci
CORNEA
 Describe the anatomy of the cornea. (98, 2005)
 Discuss the sign, symptoms & complications of corneal ulcer.(93)
 Describe the clinical picture of various types of hypopion corneal ulcers.
 Its complications and treatment. (2000)
 Enumerate various forms of herpetic keratitis & mention 3 antiviral drugs for its
treatment. (2003)
 Hypopion ulcer (95)
 Dendritic corneal ulcer (93, 97, 98)
 Keratoconus
UVEAL TRACt
 Anatomy of the iris. (99, 2002)
 Describe signs, symptoms & treatment of acute Iridocyclitis. (98
 What the clinical picture, treatment of iridocyclitis, and the possible complications
(2000)
 Discuss Complications of iridocyclitis (93, 95)
 Describe the treatment of iridocyclitis (97)
 Mention 4 systemic diseases associated with iridocyclitis.(2003)
 What are the complications and diagnosis of iridocyclitis. (2004)
 Local treatment of acute iridocyclitis (2005)
GLAUCOMA
 Buphthalmus (92, 96, 99, 2005)
 Discuss the clinical picture, differential diagnosis & management of an acute attack of
congestive glaucoma (92.97)
 Clinical picture & treatment of acute congestive glaucoma? (2002)
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 Clinical picture of primary open angle glaucoma (No Treatment), enumerate the recent
diagnostic modalities
 What are the symptoms and signs of primary O.A.G.?
 Mention ttt of acute attack of angle closure glaucoma
RETINA
 Give the etiology, clinical picture and treatment of occlusion of the central retinal
artery. (97)
 Clinical picture and fate of central artery occlusion (2005)
 Mention the types, symptoms, and ophthalmoscopic pictures of central
 Retinal vein occlusion. (2004)
 Discuss briefly Fundus picture of diabetic retinopathy.. (2001)
 Discuss the type and complications of diabetic retinopathy.(2004)
 Signs & symptoms of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.(93)
 What are the risk factors and clinical pictures of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment?
(2004)
 What are the risk factors and clinical pictures of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment?
(2004)
OPTIC NERVE
 Papillitis (91)
 Alcohol toxic amblyopia (2000)
 Describe the different types of optic atrophy (98,2003,2005)
 Consecutive optic atrophy (90)
EYE INJURIES
 Describe the ocular lesions that can occur due to blunt trauma to the eye.(91.93,94,
2000)
 A sport man received trauma to the right eye by a tennis bail, discuss the effect of
 This trauma on various structures of the eye (2002)
“I have never met a man so ignorant that

4 I couldn't learn something from him.”
Galileo Galilei
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 Enumerate causes of decreased visual acuity following ocular blunt trauma, and
 Describe the clinical picture of the posterior segment responsible lesions (Behind the
crystalline lens) (2000)
 Enumerate effects of blunt trauma to the iris. (2003)
 Discuss the effect of blunt trauma on the cornea. (2004)
 Discuss briefly sympathetic ophthalmitis. (2001)
 Ocular effect of intraocular foreign bodies. (2005) l'
ERRORS OF REFRACTION
 Fundus changes in myopia
 Treatment of myopia
 Fundus picture in high myopia
 What Is the definition, complication
 Give an account on hypermetropia
 Astigmatism
 Define' a) astigmatism b) press by of
 Definition, clinical picture & correction of anisometropia.
SQUINT
 Give an account on Heterophorla.(90, 99)
 Discuss briefly Heterophoria. (2001)
 How can you diagnose paralytic squint? (2004)
 Definition, causes and clinical picture of exophoria. (2005)
NEURO-OPTHALMOLOGY
 Scotoma and tubular field.
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SYMPTOMATOLOGY
 Causes of defective night vision & describe clinical picture of the fundus diseases
leading to night blindness (No treatment). (2000)
Tumors
 Mention the clinical picture and management of malignant melanoma of choroids.
(2004)
COLLECTED QUESTIONS
 Discuss differential diagnosis of red eye. (2001)
 By examination of pupil only differentiate bet. Acute iritis,acute angle closure
 Glaucoma, acute corneal ulcer & acute conjunctivitis. (2003)
 Enumerate ocular manifestations of head injuries. (2003)
 Ophthalmic indications & complication of corticosteroids (2005)
“We are still masters of our fate…..We are still captains of our souls.”
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JUNE 98
1. Describe the anatomy of the cornea.
2. Give an account on dendritic corneal ulcer.
3. Describe the signs, symptoms & treatment of acute iridocyclitis.
4. Discuss congenital cataract.
5. Give an account on astigmatism.

JUNE 2000
1. Enumerate causes of decreased visual acuity following ocular blunt
trauma, and
Describe the clinical picture of the posterior segments. Responsible

lesions
(Behind the crystalline lens) (30 marks)
2. Describe the clinical picture of various types of hypopion corneal Jeers. Its
1t complications and treatment
3. Causes,clinical picture & management of ptosis (no operative details).

(30 mark)
SEPTEMBER 2000
Give an account on six of the following questions:
1. Causes and investigations of a watery eye. (15 Mark)
2. Causes and clinical characteristics of complicated cataract. (15 Mark )
3. Clinical picture of primary open angle glaucoma (no treatment)

Enumerate the recent diagnostic modalities (15 marks)
4. Causes of defective night vision and describe the clinical picture of the
Fundus diseases leading to night blindness (No treatment) (15 Marks)

5. Alcohol toxic amblyopia. (15 Marks)
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6. Differential diagnosis of acute inflammatory proptosis. (15 Marks)
7. Differential diagnosis of trachomatous follicles, Papillae and pannus

(NO treatment). (15 Marks)
8. Scotoma and tubular field (15 marks)

9. Treatment of myopia (15 marks)
June 2001
All questions to be answered:
1. a. Describe the anatomy of the conjunctiva (25 marks)
b.Discuss trachoma: cl. Picture, stages, ttt and complications
(25 marks)
2. Discuss differential diagnosis of red eye (50 marks)
3. Discuss btiefly:
a. Fundus picture of diabetic retinopathy (20 marks)
b. Heterophoria (15 marks)
c. Sympathetic ophthalmitis (15 marks)
May 2002
1. a. Discuss gross and minute anatomy of the iris. (15 marks)
b. What is the clinical picture , ttt of iridocyclitis and the possible
complications. (35 marks)
2 . A sport man received trauma to the right eye by a tennis ball ,discuss the
effect of this trauma on various structures of the eye.
3 . a. Fundus picture in high myopia (15 marks)
b. Phlyctenular allergic keratoconjunctivitis (15 marks)
c. Clinical picture and treatment of acute congestive glaucoma
(20 marks)
“Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson
June 2003
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All questions to be answered

1. Draw with labels a section of the upper lid
2. Mention types and causes of entropion
3. Enumerate causes of epiphora
4. Enumerate ocular complications of trachoma
5. What is the differential diagnosis of pannus
6. Enumerate various forms of herpetic keratitis and mention 3 antiviral drugs
for its treatment
7. Mention treatment of acute attack of angle closure glaucoma
8. Enumerate various forms of congenital cataract
9. By examination of the pupil only differentiate between acute iritis , acute
angle closure glaucoma , acute corneal ulcer and acute conjunctivitis
10. Mention 4 systemic diseases associated with iridocyclitis
11. Compare in table between the various types of optic atrophy
12. Define: a. astigmatism b. presbyopia
13. Enumerate 5 causes of unilateral proptosis
14. Enumerate effects of blunt trauma to the iris
15. Enumerate ocular manifestations of head injuries
June 2004
All questions to be answered (10 marks each)

1.Discuss the anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system
2.Discuss the etiology , symptoms , complications and treatment of trichiasis
3.What are the causes , clinical picture and treatment of dry eye
4.What are the clinical picture , fate and management of the adult type of
mucopurulent conjunctivitis
5.Describe dendritic ulcer and mention its treatment
6.What are the symptoms and signs of primary open angle glaucoma
7.What is the definition , causes, signs and management of aphakia
8.What is the complications and diagnosis of iridocyclitis
9.Mention the types and symptoms of central retinal vein occlusion
10.Discuss types and complication of diabetic retinopathy
11. What are the risk factors and clinical picture of rhegmatogenous R.D
12. How can you diagnose paralytic squint
13. Discuss the effect of blunt trauma on the cornea
14.What is the definition , complications and treatment of myopia
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15.Mention the clinical picture and management of malignant melanoma of the

choroid
June 2005
All questions are to be answered (10 marks each)
Write a SHORT essay on the following:
1.Anatomy of the cornea
2.Clinical picture and treatment of dry eye
3.Definition , diagnosis and management of ophthalmia neonatorum
4.Aetiology , diagnosis and treatment of buphthalmos
5.Definition , clinical picture and correction of anisometropia
6.Clinical picture and fate of central retinal artery occlusion
7.Clinical picture and management of malignant melanoma of the choroid
8.Local treatment of acute iridocyclitis
9.Definition , types and clinical picture of entropion
10.Aetiology , clinical picture and treatment of cavernous sinus thrombosis
11.Ocular effects of intraocular foreign bodies
12.Ophthalmic indications and complications of corticosteroids
13.Types of optic atrophy
14.Causes , types and clinical picture of dislocation of the lens
15.Definition , causes and clinical picture of exophoria
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June 2006
All questions are to be answered:
Write a SHORT essay on the following:
1. Gross anatomy of the conjunctiva (10 marks)
2. Aetiology , clinical picture and treatment of acute dacryocystitis (10 marks)
3. Definition and causes of ptosis (10 marks)
4. Differential diagnosis of red eye (10 marks)
5. Clinical picture and treatment of keratoconnus (10 marks)
6. Methods of intraocular pressure measurement (10 marks)
7. Clinical picture and management of malignant melanoma of the choroids
(10 marks)
8. Definition and types of retinal detachment. (10 marks)
9. Causes of miosis and mydriasis. (10 marks)
10. Etiology, clinical picture and treatment of cavernous sinus thrombosis.
(10 marks)
11. Ophthalmic manifestations of DM. (10 marks)
12. Definition, types and correction of astigmatism. (10 marks)
13. Definition and uses of ophthalmic laser. (10 marks)
14. Diagnosis of paralytic squint. (10 marks)
15. Definition, causes, clinical picture and treatment of aphakia and
pseudophakia. (10 marks)
JUNE 2007
Give short account on the following:
1. Methods of measuring intraocular pressure. (10 marks)
2. Investigations of epiphora. (10 marks)
3. Management of acute angle closure glaucoma. (10 marks)
4. Complications of myopia (10 marks)
5. Panophthalmos. (10 marks)
6. Types and treatment of corneal opacities. (10 marks)
7. Clinical picture of central retinal artery occlusion . (10 marks)
8. Anatomy of lacrimal drainage system. (10 marks)
9. Clinical picture of retinoblastoma, (10 marks)
10. Definition and causes of ptosis. (10 marks)
11. Causes and treatment of chemical injuries of the eye (10 marks)
12. Compare between papilloedema and papillitis. (10 marks)
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13. Clinical picture of spring catarrh (10 marks)

14. Advantages and disadvantages of contact lenses. (10 marks)
15. Diagnosis of 6th nerve paralysis. (10 marks)
Knowing is not enough; we must apply…..Willing is not enough; we must do.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
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COLLECTED QUESTIONS
IDENTIFICATION
1. Finger prints.
2. Identification of age from skull
3. Identification of sex from skull
4. Identification of age from appearance of ossific centers.(94)
5. Identification of sex from bones (94)
6. Union of epiphysis in identification (95,96).
7. Medicolegal importance & diagnoses of age of 21 years.(96)
8. Medicolegal importance & diagnosis of age of 18 year(96)
9. Hyoid bone
10. Sex identification of a living person (97)
11. Medico legal importance of teeth examination
12. Identification of age from teeth examination (95)
13. Medicolegal importance of hair examination (97,99,apr2005)
14. Medicolegal importance of disputed paternity (98)
Death & Postmortum changes
1. Sudden infant death syndrome (95)

2. Definition & MLI of hypostasis(94,98)
3. Difference between bruises & hypostasis. (2003)
4. Mummification & its MLI (95,97)
5. Cadaveric spasm (95,96,97,may&fin2005)
6. MLI of putrefaction (94)
7. Maceration (97)
8. Post mortum eye changes (98)
9. Rigor mortis & its medico legal importance
Medicolegal aspect of wounds
1. MLI of Abrasions (98)

2. Finger nail abrasions & their medicolegal importance(95)
3. Characters of cut wounds & Its age estimation(94)
4. Suicidal & homicidal cut throat (90,92,95)
5. Post mortem neck examination In case of cut throat (97)
Forensic Medicine www.MedadTeam.org
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6. Contused or lacerated wounds (Laceration). (94)

7. Stab wounds.
8. Subendocadial hemorrhage
9. Causes of death from wounds
10. Air embolism
11. Ante and post-mortem wounds (including abrasion and bruises) (Apr 2005)
12. Primary or neurogenic shock (94)
HEAD INJURIES
1. Thermal fracture of the skull (95)

2. Differential diagnosis between Thermal & traumatic head injuries (98)
3. Types of skull fractures & their healing (94)
4. Cerebral concussion.(91,93,94,96)
5. Compression by intracranial hemorrhage (2002)
6. Clinical picture of Cerebral compression.(2000)
7. Lucid interval (95, 98 & may 2005)
8. Extradural hemorrhage.
9. Sequelae or side effects of Head injuries (dec2005)
FIREARM INJURIES
1. Estimation of distance of firing in cases of firearm injuries & factors

2. governing it. (94,98)
3. Characters of near firing injury by a bullet (2002)
4. Describe the lesions in a shot injury at a distance of one meter (96)
5. Percussion cap of firearm cartridge (94)
6. Powder marks & their medicolegal importance.(95,97)
7. Difference between wounds in firearm injuries.(2004)
8. Sequence of events after firing a cartridge (91,95)
9. Compare homicidal, suicidal & accidental firearm wounds.(2003)
10. Character of fire-arm wounds include differences between inlet and exit
11. wounds (Dec 2005)
12. Fire-arm cartridge (April 2005)
13. Difference between burns & scalds Ante-mortem burn (96)
14. Give the differential diagnosis between the different types of thermal
Injuries .
15. Cause of death from burns
16. Causes of death from electric shock Picture. (92,93,95)
ASPHYXIA
1. Ligature mark (94,96,Dec.fin2005)

2. Tardieu spots & silvery spots, traumatic asphyxia
3. Causes of death in hanging (96,98)
4. Sure signs in diagnosis of drowning (94,98)
5. Sure external signs only of drowning. (2003)

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6. Discuss the diagnosis of asphyxia of drowning (96)

7. Plankton & its medicolegal importance (95)
SEXUAL OFFENCES
1. Conditions of consent in rape (90,92oct&feb2005)

2. Types of hymen (95)
3. Signs of virginity and causes of rupture of hymen.(98)
4. Compare between a dentate hymen and an old ruptured hymenal tear (98)
5. Compare a recent & an old hymenal tear (98)
6. MLI of Sodomy
MESICOLGAL ASPECT OF PREGNANCY:
1. Signs of old delivery (95)

2. External signs of recent delivery (2002)
3. Gravindex test of pregnancy (95, 98)
MEDICOLEGAL ASPECT OF ABORTION:
1. Dangers of abortion
2. criminal abortion
3. Discuss Hazards of criminal abortion
Infanticide
1. Medicolegal importance of umbilical cord (92,93,98)

2. Hydrostatic floatation test of the lung
3. Signs of respiration as an evidence of live birth (96)
4. Internal medical signs of Iive birth (94)
5. External signs of live birth of newly born infant (96,98,99)
Medical Ethics
1. Write short notes on malpractice (96, 98)

2. Discuss consent in medical practice
Blood stains
1. Medicolegal applications of blood groups (92,93,95)

2. Micro chemical tests of blood
3. Precipitin test of blood (94,95)
4. Heamolytic blood transfusion reaction (98)
5. Give an account on "Blood Groups" and their "Medico legal Applications".
(Technique of grouping is not required)(2004)
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6. Discuss incompatible blood transfusion. (2001)

7. How can you prove that a stain is seminal. (92,93,95) Teichman's test (
2003)
8. Medicolegal applications of DNA finger printing
9. Rh factor (feb2005)
10. Teichman and takayama microchmical tests of blood .(may2005)

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General Toxicology:
 Stomach wash (95,96,98,99,2004.Dec&feb2005)

 Give an account on Hazards of gastric lavage. (2001)
 Syrupe of ipecacuana (97,98,99)
 Chemical Adsorbant (97)
 Give an account on dieresis (98,99)
 Short notes on Antidotes (92,98,96)
 Write on D.M.S.A (97,98,99,2001)
 B.A.L (96)
 B.A.L & E.D.T.A (2004,oct2005)
Corrosives:
 Treatment of corrosive alkalis. (97)

 The clinical picture of sulphuric acid poisoning (98)
 Discuss alkaline potash poisoning. (96,98,99)
 A child two years old swallowed tea-spoonful of dilute alkaline potash,
he vomited froth blood-tinged fluid. His mother asked medical advice
by calling the poison control centre.
a) What is the proper management of this case?

b) What is the cause of death? (2000)
 Treatment & post mortem picture of carbolic acid poisoning. (92,99)
Insecticides:
 The clinical picture of organophosphorous poisoning

 Carbamate toxicity treatment (97)
Plant poisons:
 Clinical picture of acute opium poisoning (93)

 Acute morphine poisoning (90,91,92)
 Give an account on Naloxone (narcan) (97)
 Clinical picture & treatment of strychnine poisoning (98)
 Clinical picture of strychnine poisoning (2003)
 Treatment of digitalis over dosage (97,98)
 Aconitine poisoning (94)
 C-P of Cannabis intoxication (98)
Toxicology www.MedadTeam.org
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 Treatment of acute ethyl alcohol (91,2002)

 Give an account on methanol toxicity (2001)
Metallic poisons:
 Clinical picture of chronic lead poisoning (90,92,97)

 Antimony poisoning (95)
 Treatment of acute arsenical poisoning (95)
 Treatment of organic phosphorus poisoning (96 fin 2005)
 Action, Fetal dose, Fetal period & clinical picture of (parathion)
i.e.organo-phosphorus insecticides poisoning (The postmortem picture
is not included) (2004)
Toxic Gases:
 Laboratory diagnosis of CO poison (93,98,99)

 Clinical picture of CO poisoning. (final 2005)
 Treatment, only of cyanide poisoning. (2004)
 Treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning (92,65,98,2003)
 Differential diagnosis of red asphyxia (97)
 Kerosene poisoning treatment (97)
Synthetic drugs:
 Clinical picture & treatment of amphetamine poisoning. (96)

 Write on N-acetyl cysteine. (97)
 Discuss the treatment of paracetamol (98.2000)
Addiction:
 Ethyl alcohol addiction (94)

 The clinical picture of opiate addiction (92,96)
 Withdrawal symptoms of opoid addiction (98)
Animal poisoning:
 The treatment of snake bite (97,98)

 Viper snake bite (2000,2002)
Food poisoning:
 Clinical picture of Botulism (98)
Do not wait to strike till the iron is hot; but make it hot by striking.
William B. Sprague
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Oct 2002
Give an account on:
1. Hyoid bone & it`s MLI
2. Mal practice
3. Crush syndrome
4. Type of hymen
5. Estimation & MLI of 18,21 years.
Dec 2002
Give an account on:
1. Hyoid bone & it`s MLI
2. Lucid interval in brain injuries
3. Changes around umbilical cord stum
4. Tichman & Takayama tests of blood
5. B.A.L & D.T.A.
Feb 2002
Give an account on:
1. Estimation & MLI of 17.21 years.
2. Subendocardial hemorrhage
3. Power marks & their MLI
4. Burking as a type of violent asphyxia.
5. Conditions of concent in rape.
May 2003
Give an account on:
1. Precipitin test.
2. Sequelae of head injuries.
3. Percussion cap
4. Flotation test.
October 2003
Give an account on:
1. Estimation and MLI of ages 7 & 21.
2. MLI of hyoid bone examinations.
3. Powder marks and their MLI.
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4. Precipitin test in medicolegal practice.

5. Differences between bruises and hypostasis.
December 2003
Give an account on:
1. Floatation test.
2. Subendocardial hemorrhage.
3. Percussion cap.
4. Identification of sex from skull and pelvis bones.
5. Precipitin test.
January 2004
Give an account on:
1. MLI and identification of ages 7, 18 & 21.
2. Ligature marks in strangulation and hanging.
3. Differences between inlet & exit in firearm injuries.
4. Plankton and sure external signs of drowning.
5. Dangers and complications of abortion.
March 2004
Give an account on:
1. MLI of hair examination.
2. Rigor mortis and its differential diagnosis.
3. Powder Marks and their MLI in firearm injuries.
4. MLI of hyoid bone.
5. Professional secrecy as one of the most important rules of medical
ethics.
May 2004
Give an account on:
1. Identification of sex from the skull and hip bone.
2. Lucid interval in head injuries and its MLI.
3. Differences between inlet & exit wounds and the factors affecting the
appearance of inlet in "Firearm injuries"
4. Teichman and Takayama microchemical tests of blood.
5. Child abuse or battered baby as a type of suspicious death in children.
"Always do what you are afraid to do."

Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Oct 2004
Give a short account on:
1. Identification of sex from the skull and pelvis.
2. Lucid interval in "head injuries".
3. Condition of consent in rape.
4. Precipitin test of blood only.
5. BAL & EDTA.
Dec 2004
Give an account on:
1. Rigor mortis & its medicolegal importance.
2. Primary or neurogenic shock.
3. Character of fire-arm wound including difference between inlet and
exit wounds.
4. Ligature mark in hanging and strangulation.
5. Stomach wash.
Feb 2005
Give an account on:
1. Teeth examination and its medicolegal importance.
2. Sequale or side effect of head injuries.
3. RH factor.
4. Condition of consent in rape.
5. Stomach wash.
April 2005
Give an account on:
1. Medicolegal importance of hair examination.
2. Ante and post-mortem wounds (including abrasion and bruises).
3. Firearm "cartridge"
4. Dangers of abortion.
5. Professional medical secrecy and condition of its disclosure.
May 2005
Give an account on:
1. Identification of sex from the skull and hip bone.
2. Cadaveric spasm &its differential diagnosis.
3. Lucid interval in "head injuries” and its medicolegal importance.
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4. Teichman and Takayama microchemical test of blood.

5. Professional medical secrecy and condition of its disclosure
1 Round 2007
st
1. Identification of sex from bones.

2. Mechanism & clinical picture of “cerebral concussion" .
3. Differences between "inlet" and "exit" wounds in fire arm injuries,
including factors affecting the appearance of the inlet.
4. Precipitin test of blood only.
5. Flotation test (of the lung & stomach).
2 Round 2007
nd
1. Medic legal importance of feeth examination .

2. Sequlae or complications of head examination .
3. Microchemical tests of blood.
4. Conditions of consent in rape.
5. Child abuse or battered baby, as a type of suspicious death in
children.
3rd Round 2007
1. Teeth examination & their medico legal importance.
2. Lucid interval & medico legal importance.
3. sequelae & complications of head injuries.
4. Differences between inlet & exit wounds in firearm injuries.
5. Ligature mark in strangulation & hanging.
6. Micro chemical test of blood examination
4th Round 2007
1. I medico legal importance & estimation of ages "18 & 21 years".

2. Lucid interval & its medico legal importance in "Head injuries".
3. Difference between Inlet & exit wounds in "Firearm injuries".
4. Perception test of blood "Only".
5. Medico legal importance of "Hyoid bone".
5th Round 2007
1. Teeth examination & its MLI.

2. Rigor mortis & its DD.
3. DD between scaled & bum.
4. Telchrman test of blood.
5. Traumatic asphyxia.
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I do not like to repeat successes, I like to go on to other things.

Walt Disney
1 Round 2008
st
"Date: 13/11/2007 Time allowed : 1 hr"

Answer all the following questions :
I- Give brief accounts on: (4 points)
1- Characters of negroid skull.

2- Differences between hypostasis and bruises.
3- Causes of death in cut throat.
4- Medico-legal importance of lucid interval.
II- Multiple choice Questions: (16 points)

For each of the following MCQs select the most appropriate answer:
1- First permanent molars erupt around …. years of age:
a- 4 years. b- 5 years.
c- 6 years. d- 8 years.
e- 10 years.
2- Recognizable external genitalia in the fetus are seen in the:
a- Second calendar month. b- Third calendar month.
c-Forth calendar month. d- Fifth calendar month.
e- Sixth calendar month.
3- The best bones for "sexing" a skeleton are:

a- Pelvis and skull. b- Pelvis and long bones of extremities.
c- Skull & long bones or extremities. d- Ventral surfaces of symphysis
pubis.
e- The long bones of the extremities.
4- Rigor mortis is rapid in cases of deaths preceded by convulsions
due to:
a- Increased lactic acid. b- Muscle dehydration.
c- ATP depletion. d- Muscle anoxia.
e- Increased heat production.
24
5- An adult male sleeping on the floor received a blow with a stick on his
skull, this will result in a:
a- Comminuted fracture. b- Localized depressed fracture.
b- c- Cut fracture. d- Polar fracture.
c- e- Ring fracture.
6- If the head of the humerus of a found skeleton is separated from the
shaft, the age of the individual is likely to be:
a- Below 20 years. b- 20-30 years.
b- 30-40 years. d- 40-50 years.
e- Above 50 years.
7- Primary flaccidity is best diagnosed by:
a- Forth on the mouth. b- Muscle response to electric stimuli.
b- Cooling by 2oc. d- Fixed hypostasis.
e- Start of cadaveric spasm.
8- Arterial extradural hematoma usually originates from:
a- Middle meningeal artery. b- Middle cerebral artery.
b- Basilar artery. d-Anterior cerebral artery.
e- Posterior cerebral artery.
9- All but one of the followings are the types of finger-prints:
a- Arches. b- Loops.
c- Composite "mixed". d- Circles "whorls".
e- Cylinders.
10- Subendocardial hemorrhages occur mostly in cases of death due to:
a- Air embolism. b- Reflex vagal inhibition.
c- Hemorrhage. d- Crush syndrome.
e- Drowning.
11- Presence of fully erupted third molars usually indicates an age of:
a- 5-7 years. b- 8-10 years.
c- 11-13 years. d- 14-16 years.
e- Over 17 years.
12- Abrasions are common due 10:
a- Knife injury. b. Suicide.
c- Homicide. d- Hemophilia.
e- Purpura.
13- The union of basi-occiput with the basi-sphenoid of the skull occurs
at the same age of union of:
a- Lower end of radius with its shaft.
b- Ischial tuberosity with the body of ischium in the hip bone.
c- Head of femur with its shaft. d- Greater trochanter with shaft of femur.
25
d- Iliac crest with ilium in the hip bone.

14- The sternum in which the manubrium is fused to the body of
sternum, indicates an age of:
a- 8-10 years. b- 28-30 years.
c-38-40 years. d- 48-50 years.
e- 58-60 years.
15- Brown hypostasis indicates death due to:
a- Cyanide. b- Carbon monoxide.
c-Nitrites. d- Opium.
e- Gold.
16- Two curved rows of bruises are caused by:
a- Stick. b- Whip.
c- Human bite. d- Animal bite.
e- Hammer.
17- In a healthy adult, death may occur due to sudden loss of the
following amount of blood in liters:
a- 0.25-0.5 L. b- 0.5-0.75 L.
c- 0.75-1 L. d- l-1.5 L.
e- 1.5-2 L.
18- The age of full civil rights can be identified in males best by:
a- X-ray on skull. b- X-ray on knee.
c- Eruption of wisdom tooth. d- X-ray on sternum.
e- Eruption of second permanent molar tooth.
19- Air embolism occurs mostly due to the following type of wounds:
a- Crushed. b- Abrasions.
c- Contusions. d- Lacerated.
e- Incised.
20- The muscles can contract to direct electrical stimulation for up to
......... after death:
a- 1/2 Hour. b- 1-2 hours.
c- 3 hours. d- 4 hours.
e- 5 hours.
21- Clouding of the cornea is Indicative of death within:
a- 2 minutes. b- 1/2 hour. c- 1 hour. d- 2 hours. e- 4 hours.
22- In case of traumatic meningitis:
a- The pus is localized. b- The organism is meningo-cocci.
c- The pus is mainly basal. d- The brain is lacerated.
e- A skull fracture must be present
23- Three weeks after all abrasion, there will be:
a- Soft scab. b- Hard scab. c- Normal skin.
26
d- Fibrous tissue. e- Pale area.

24- Fissured fractures include the following types of fractures except:
a- Diastatic fracture. b- Localized depressed fracture.
c- Polar fracture. d- Ring fracture. e- Thermal fracture.
25- Higher than normal postmortem body temperature may be found in
persons dying of:
a- Hemorrhage . b- Heat stroke. c- Drowning victims.
d- Fire victims. e- Any of the above.
26- Medico-Legal importance of mummification includes all of the
following except:
a- positive sign of death. b- Denotes exposure to hot damp atmosphere.
b- Preservation of features. d- Time passed since death.
e- Cause of death.
27- Postmortem appearances due to death from hemorrhage include all
of the following except:
a- Pale body and mucous membranes.
b- Ill-defined or totally deficient hypostasis.
c- Blood in body cavity/ies may be found.
d- Congested heart and big vessels.
e- Subendocardial hemorrhagemay be blotchy.
28- In suicidal cut throat, examination of the wound reveals all of the
following characters except:
a- High in the neck, above the thyroid cartilage.
b- Transverse in direction. c- Tailing.
d- Hesitation marks may be present. e- Slanting.
29- Thermal fracture due to severe head burn is characterized by the
following except:
a- Scalp wounds are absent. b- Only fissured fracture.
c- Extradural hematoma is large and may fill the extradural space.
d- Bruin is small, shrunken, with thin gyri and wide sulci.
e- Post-mortem picture of burn is present.
30- Postmortem interval can be estimated within the first few minutes
after death by the following except :
a- Pallor. b- Loss of skin elasticity. c- Ocular signs. d- Rate of cooling.
e- Conductivity of muscles to direct electric stimulation.
31- As a rule, ossification begins in:
a- Epiphysis. b- Diaphysis. c- Metaphysis. d. Bone marrow.
e- Simultaneously in all of the above.
32- The most common fatal head injuries in boxing are:
27
a- Subdural hematomas. b- Epidural hematomas. c- Fractures of skull.

d- Subarachrioid hemorrhages. e-Subpial hemorrhages.
I walk slowly, but I never walk backward.

Abraham Lincoln
3 Round 2008
rd
"Date: 25/3/2008 Time allowed: 1 hour"

I- Give an account on: (4 points)
1- Signs of local violence in rape.
2- Nick structures in cases of death from hanging.
3- Stomach wash in acute antimony poisoning .
4- Clinical picture of acute methanol poisoning.
II- Multiple choice questions: (16 points)
For each of the following multiple select the most appropriate answer:
1- Diagnosis of lead poisoning includes all the following EXCEPT:
a- Proto-porphyrin in urine. b- Free proto-porphyrin in RBCs.
c- Radio-opaque lead line in long bones.
d- Radio-opaque liver in poisoning by TEL.
e- Radio-opaque intestinal shadows if the lead product is ingested.
2- Delayed causes of death from criminal abortion include all the

following
EXCEPT:
a- Sepsis. b- Hepatic. c- Renal failure.
d- Air embolism. e- Cardio-respiratory failure.
3- All but ONE of the following are true concerning treatment of CO-
poisoning:
a- Complete rest. b- Hyperbaric 100% O2.
b- Fresh plasma transfusions. d- Helthion "Katalysin".
e- Treatment of cerebral edema and pneumonia.
4- The fatal dose of kerosene is .......... ml:
a- 10. b- 20. c- 30. d- 40. e- 50.
5-Ligature mark in strangulation is characterized by all of the following
Except:
a- Incomplete. b- Transverse. c- Symmetrical.
d- Below the larynx. e- Takes the pattern of used rope.
6- In Iodine poisoning, gastro-intestinal manifestations include all the
following Except:
a- Nausea and vomiting b- Corrosions and necrosis of mucous
membranes . c- Blue-staining of tissues.
d- Diarrhoea. e- Blue vomitus if the stomach contains starch.
7- Signs of old delivery in the living include all the following EXCEPT:
a- Soft lax and pendulous breasts with large nipples and dark areolae.
b- Lax abdominal wall with linea nigra and albicans.
28
c- Scars of old tears in perineum.

d- Lax and patulous vagina with smooth wall.
e- Cruciate external os of the cervix.
19- Types of hymen that cause medico-legal problems include all the
following EXCEPT:
a- Semilunar. b- Annular. c- Dentate. d- Fimbriate. e- Imperforate.
20- Chronic antimony poisoning is characterized by all the following
EXCEPT:
a- Loss of appetite. b- Nausea, vomiting and emaciation.
c- Pustular eruptions of skin.
d- Fatty degeneration of liver, heart and kidneys. e-Peripheral neuritis.
21- All but ONE of the following are true concerning biological tests of
pregnancy:
a- Depend on the presence of RCG in urine.
b- More concentrated in the evening sample.
c- Positive 2 weeks after the first missing period.
d- Remain positive for 2 weeks after delivery or abortion.
e- Highly positive in vesicular mole or chorio-carcinoma.
22- Ethanol decreases body temperature due to all the following

EXCEPT:
a- Depression of heat-regulating centre.
b- Depression ofvaso-motor centre. c- Cutaneous vaso-constriction.
d- Increased heat loss. e- Increased sweating.
23- All but ONE of the following are true concerning Gettler's test in
drowning:
a- Depends on the nature of water whether fresh or salty.
b- Fails if either the heart septa be patent.
c- Useless when water is brackish. d- Little diagnostic value after 6
hours.
e- Vitiated by putrefactive changes.
24- In the stage of alcoholic coma, blood alcohol concentration is ... mg
0/0:
a- < 100. b- 100-200. c- 200-300. d- 300-500. e- > 500.
25- In chronic arsenic poisoning, skin lesions include all the following
EXCEPT:
a- Melanosis. b- Hyperkeratosis. c- Alopecia . d- Flush. e-
Warts.
26- In the crime of rape, the accused is considered by-law incapable of
committing the sexual act when his age is below …..years:
a- 7 b- 14 c- 15 d- 16 e- 18
27- In CO-poisoning, the patient is unable to escape or call for help
when the concentration of CO-Hb is:
a- 10-20. b- 20-30. c- 30-40. d- 40-50. e- 50-60.
28- All but ONE of the following are true concerning treatment of acute
ethanol poisoning:
a- Stomach wash with Na HCO3. b- Hypertonic glucose I.V.
c-Pyridoxine. d- Acidification of urine.
29
e- Haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis in severe intoxication.

29- Local violence methods of procuring criminal abortion by non-
professionals include all the following EXCEPT:
a- Introduction of foreign bodies as knitting needle or elm bark.
b- Vaginal plugs with irritants as arsenic or mercury.
c- Abortion pastes with Iodine, KI and thymol.
d- Flushing the uterus with antiseptic solution as glycerine or iodine.
e- Intra-uterine injections of urea, 20% saline or glucose.
30- The fatal dose of Iron is ..... mg/kg:

a- 100. b- 150. c- 180. d- 200. e- 250.
31- The natural "domestic" gas contains .... % CO:
a- 1-4. b- 4-7. c- 7-15. d- 15-20. e- 20-22.
32- All but ONE of the following are true concerning the action of
cyanide ion:
a- Binds strongly to the ferric component of cytochrome oxidase.
b- Prevents utilization of oxygen by cells. c- Causes hypoxia.
d- Leads to anaerobic glycolysis. e- Leads to severe metabolic
alkalosis.
1 Round 2009
st
"18/11/2008. Time allowed: 1 hr."
All questions have to be answered :
I. Give an account on the following : (3 marks each)
1- Ion trapping
2- Patterned Injuries
3- Subdural hemorrhage
II. Differentiate between: (2 marks each)
1- Suicidal hanging & Post mortem suspension

2- Mechanism of action of BAL and that of EDT A
III. State True or False & give your rationale : (2 marks each)
1- Urine analysis is of value in diagnosis of corrosive poisoning.

2- Curling's ulcer may complicate cases of burn.
3- Impotence is always accepted by courts as a reason for
divorce.
IV. Choose the best single answer : (1 mark for each & 2 for
matching)
30
1- Gastric lavage may be useful as long as 12 hours post

ingestion in the following poisons:
a) Salicylates.
b) Barbiturates.
c) Morphine.
d) All of the above.
2- Regarding Disseminated Intravascular coagulation (DIC) all

the following features are correct except:
a) Increased fibrin degradation products.

b) Decreased platelets.
c) Increased fibrinogen.
d) Increased thromboplastin.
3- Brain death tests include the following except:
a) Corneal reflex.
b) Vestibulococular reflex.
c) Motor response in the face.
d) Motor response in the limbs.
4- Written consent is mandatory in the following procedures:
a) Vaginal examination.
b) Blood analysis.
c) Endoscopy.
d) Hysterectomy.
5- Match the post mortem changes with the appropriate

postmortem intervals:
a) Complete stiffness of all muscles. (1) 18 hours.

b) Hypostasis appears as patches. (2) 3 hours.
c) Opacity of the Cornea. (3) 12 hours.
d) Equilibrium between body & surrounding temperatures. (4) 2
hours.
31
2 Round 2009
nd
"20/11/2009 Allocated marks: 25 Time allowed: 1 hr."
ALL QUESTIOS HAVE TO BE ANSWERED:
I- Give an account on the following: (2 marks each)

1- Post traumatic embolism.
2- Lines of treatment of acute morphine toxicity.
3- Lucid interval.
4- External signs of live-born.
II- Differentiate between: (2 marks each)
1- Mechanism of action of Two plant poisons that possess CNS
stimulant action.
2- Methods employed to increase power of penetration of missile in
rifled and non rifled weapons.
III- State True or False and give your Rationale:(2 marks each)
1- Salt solution is used as an emetic nowadays.
2- Heat splits could not be differentiated from antemortem cut
wounds.
3- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is preferred over restriction
fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in DNA testing.
IV- Choose the best single answer:
(One mark for each and 2 for matching)
1- The earliest manifestation(s) of digitalis toxicity is

(are) :
a) Anorexia, nausea and vomiting.
b) Hyperkalemia.
c) Cardiac arrhythmias.
d) All of the above.
2- An anthropologist found 2 Rt. Humeri, one shows
union of lateral epicondyle and the shaft while the
other shows union of the head and shaft. The bones
are belonging to:
a) A male aged 15 years and a female aged 18
years.
b) Two males aged 16 and 20 years.
c) A male aged ,16 years and a female aged 20
years.
d) Two females aged 17 and 20 years.
3- Atropine poisoning is differentiated from cocaine
poisoning by the following land mark:
a) Tachycardia.
b) Agitation and hallucinations.
c) Urinary and fecal retention.
32
d) Hypothermia.
4- On examination of a firearm victim, there was a
small center bole and the dispersion was 9 cm. in
diameter, then:
a) The distance of firing was 4 meters.
b) The external wad was present in the track.
c) There was a circular abrasion from internal wad
striking.
d) The internal wad was present in the track.
5- The following statements are true about INTRONS
except:
a) They are genetic coding areas.
b) They are constant for a given individual except
uniovular twins.
c) They are inherited from parents to children.
d) They show marked individual variations in base
sequence.
6- Match the poison with its appropriate pupil state:

a) Datura. (1) Dilated & reactive to light.
b) Opium. (2) Changeable pupils.
c) Cocaine. (3) Pin-point.
d) Alcohol. (4) Dilated & non reactive to light.
3 Round 2009
rd
1-Give an account on the following:
1-methods of induction of abortion by medical professionals
2-line of treatment of a poison that tissue hypoxia
3-abandonment in medical practice
4-chocking
2-differentiate between
1-coup & contre-coup brain contusions
2-methanol & ethanol antidotes
3-state true or false and give your rationale
1-immunologic pregnancy test may give false positive results
2- x-ray is of value in diagnosis of metallic toxicity
3-after dentition the teeth cannot be used as a tool for identification of age
33
4-choose the best single answer
1-which one of the following is not associated with cephalhematoma
a- swelling is present at birth
b- Bleeding is subperiosteal
c- Limited by the attachment of occipitofrontalis muscle
d- usually reabsorbed in 2-3 months
2- a 6 year old boy is scheduled for examination of eye under anesthesia
The father informed that for the past 6 months the child is developing
Progressive weakness of both legs his elder sibling had dies at age 14 year
Which drug would you definitely avoid during anesthetic management
a- succinylcoline
b- thiopentone
c- nitrous oxide
d- vecuronium
3- the following are the specific characteristics of drowning except
a- presence of white froth around mouth and nostril
b- presence of plankton in the spleen of the victim
c- Presence of tardieu spots
d- hydremia in the left side of the heart
4- at the following carboxy –hemoglobin consantration the clinical picture
Will simulate alcoholic intoxication
a- 10%
b- 30%
c- 40%
d- 70%
5- treatment of arsine gas exposure is by
a- chelation by dimercaprol (bal)
34
b- chelation by dimercaprol and penicillamine combined therapy
c- hemodialysis and exchange transfusion
d- all of the above
6-match the local antidote with the suspected metallic poison
a- magnesium sulfate ( )mercury
b- sodium formaldehyde sulphoxylate ( )arsenic
c- sodium bicarbonate ( )iron
d- ferric hydroxide ( )lead
I do not think much of a man who is not wiser today than he was yesterday.
Abraham Lincoln
June 98
FORENSIC MEDICINE
1. bGive a full account on:
a) Estimation of the distance of firing in a near firearm injury
b) Hemolytic blood transfusion reaction.
c) Causes of death in hanging
2. Discuss the MLI of the following:

a) Umbilical cord examination
b) DNA typing
c) Hypostasis
3. Give the differential diagnosis between the following:

a) Recent & old hymnal tears.
b) Different types of thermal injuries
Toxicology:
1. Give an account on:
a) Withdrawal symptoms of opoid addiction.
b) Clinical picture of Botulism.
c) DMSA as antidote.
35
d) Blood examination in a case of CO poisoning.
2. Discuss the treatment of:

a) Methanol toxicity.
b) Alkaline potash poisoning.
c) Paracetamol over dosage
JULY 99
A. FORENSIC MEDICINE
1. The parents of a 16 years old virgin notified the police that she had been
raped 4 hours before.
a) How can you estimate her age? What is the medico legal importance of her
age as regards the crime of rape (2 marks)
b) How could you prove by clinical examination the allegation of rape and the
expected sequelae? (3 marks)
2. Discuss the following medico legal problem:

a) Hemolytic blood transfusion reaction (5 marks) ..
b) Suicidal fire-arm injuries. (5 marks)
c) Extradural hemorrhages. (5 marks)
TOXICOLOGY:
1. Discuss the following:
a) Diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning. (5 marks)
b) Treatment of heroin (opiate) addiction. (5 marks)
c) Alkaline potash toxicity ( 5 marks)

a) Syrup epicacuahna. (1.5 marks)
b) Alkaline diuresis. (1.5 marks)
c) Dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA). ( 2 marks)
JUNE 2000
All questions be attempted:
1- A male child 7 years old was recovered from a well. Multiple small wounds
were seen in the front of the chest and upper part of the shoulder. The
medico-legal expert reported that the cause of death was drowning and the
wounds were post-mortem
a- What are the sure signs of drowning?
b- What are the characters of post-mortem wounds?
c- What is the effect of emersion under water in the post mortem changes?
2- Discuss the following:

a. Incompatible blood transfusion.
b. Clinical picture of cerebral cam pre
36
c. Consent in medical practice.

d. A child two years old swallowed a tea-spoonful of diluted alkaline potash.
He vomited froth blood-tinged fluid. His mother asked medical advice by
calling the poison control center.
e. What is the proper management of this case?
F. What is the cause of death in this case?
a) What are the contra-indications and hazards of gastric lavage?
b) Viper-snake bite.
c) Treatment of paracetamol poisoning
JUNE 2001
A. FORENSIC MEDICINE
1. After a quarrel between teenagers, a boy of 16 years old was killed.

MUltiple injuries by sharp weapon were seen in the chest and fore-arms. A
suspected weapon was found at the scene ofthe crime.
a. Describe the injuries produced by a sharp weapon.
b. What are the possible causes of death in this case?
c. What is the p.m. picture of this victim?
d. How would you find out that the seized weapon was used in this
crime?
a. incompatible blood transfusion.
b. Hazards of criminal abortion.
c. Consent for medical treatment.
B.TOXOCOLOGY
1. The poison control center received a composed adult female after 8

suicidal attempt by unknown solution, she was cyanosed, with constricted non
reactive pupils and garlic smeel. Marked sweating, salivation, are
fasciculations were noticed. Chest examination revealed scattered rhonchi
and wheezes over both lungs.
a. What is the most likely ingested solution?
b. How would you manage this patient?

a. Methanol toxicity.
b. Hazards of
37
MAY 2002
A.FORENSIC MEDICINE
I· A young female was found dead with skin burns affecting about 70%, 01
body surface area. The medicolegal expert reported that she was 16 years old
and these burns were post-mortem .A stab wound in the neck and a recent
tear of the hymen were detected. A suspected was arrested and a bite mark
was observed on his right forearm. (25 Marks)
1. How could the ML expert diagnose that:
a) She was 17 years old (5 marks)
b) That the burn was post-mortem (5 marks)
c) That tear of the hymen was recent (5 marks)
2. How can he prove that the victim was raped by that suspected? (5)
3. What's the cause of the death and post-mortem picture of the case (5)
II-Discuss the following:

1. Compression by intracranial hemorrhage
2. Characters of near firing injury by a bullet (5 marks)
3. Traumatic asphyxia (5 marks)
4. External signs of recent delivery (5 marks)
Be sure you put your feet in the right place, then stand firm.
Abraham Lincoln
B.TOXOCOLOGY
I. A family of 5 persons was admitted to a prison control .center 14 he after

ingestion of a Salty fishes. They complained of nausea, abdominal pain,
blurred vision and difficulty of swallowing. They were conscious and body
temperature was 37c.
1. What is your diagnosis? Give the etiology and the expected cause of
death?
2. What are the urgent life saving measures to save their lives? (10marks)
3. What are Investigations needed to confirm your diagnosis. (5marks)
lI· Discuss the following:

1. (Methanol toxicity (10 marks)
2. Viper snake bite (10 marks)
3. Activated charcoal (5 marks)
38
JUNE2003
1. Discuss differences between homicidal, suicidal & accidental firearm
wounds. (30 marks)
2- Give a short note on: (6 marks each)
a. Differences between bruises & hypostasis.

b. Sequelae or side effects of Head injuries,
c. Tardieu spots & silvery spots.
d. Teichman test of blood.
e. Sure external signs only of drowning.
3-Give a full account on. (20 marks each)

a. Treatment of CO poisoning.
b. Clinical picture of Strychnine poisoning
June 2004
1. Give an account on "Blood Groups" and their "Medico legal Applications".
(Technique of grouping is not required) (30 marks)
II. Give a short account on: (each 6 marks)
1. Difference between "inlet" and "exit" wounds in firearm injuries.

2. Sequelae or side effects of "Head injuries".
3. Subendocardial hemorrhage.
4. Stomach wash
5. B.A.L& E.D.T.A
III Give a full account on: (each 20 marks)
1. Treatment, only, of "Cyanide" poisoning.

2. Action, Fatal dose, fatal period and clinical picture of parathion i.e.
organic phosphorus insecticides poisoning. (The postmortem picture is not
included)
June 2005
FORENSIC MEDICINE
1. thr differences detween homicidal, suicidal and accidental wounds (30

marks)
2. teeth examination and its medicolegal importance
3. cadaveric spasm and its medicolegal importance
4. dangers of abortion
5. ligature mark in hanging and strangulation
39
TOXICOLOGY
1. Clinical picture of carbon monoxide poisoning (20 mark)

2. Treatment of organophosphorus compound poisoning (20 mark)
June 2006
I. Give a full account on "Diagnosis of Drowning" . including its diagnosis
in putrefied bodies. (30 Marks)
II. Give a Short Account on: (Each 6 Marks)
1. Differences between "Inlet" and "Exit" wounds in firearm injuries, including

factors influencing the appearance of inlet.
2. "Microchemical tests", (i.e "Teichman & Takayama) of blood.
3. Subendocardial haemorrhage.
4. "Dangers & Complications" of abortion.
5. B.A.L. & E.DT.A.
Ш. Give a "Full Account" on: (Each 20 Marks)
1. Action, Fatal dose, Fatal period and Clinical Picture of "Parathion", i.e.
organic phosphorus insecticides poisoning. (The postmortem picture is not
included)
2. Treatment, only of "Carbon Monoxide", poisoning.
June 2007
I. Give an account on "Blood Groups " , and their Medico-legal applications.
(Technique of grouping is not required). (30 marks)
II. Give a short account on : (Each 6 marks)
1. "Teeth examination" and its "medico-legal" importance,
2. Differences between "Inlet" and "Exit" wounds in firearm injuries ,
40
including factors influencing the appearance of inlet .
3. "Ligature marks" of strangulation and hanging.
4. Subendocardial haemorrhage.
5. "Dangers & Complications" of abortion,
Ш Give a "Full account" on : (Each 20 marks)
1. Action , Fatal dose , Fatal period and Clinical picture of "Carbolic acid"
Poisoning , i.e. organic corrosive.
(the postmortem picture is not included)
2. Treatment, only (prophylactic & curative) of "Chronic lead " poisoning
I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something from him.
Galileo Galilei
41
COLLECTED QUESTIONS
EAR
EAR WASH
 Indications, contraindications & complications of ear Washing. (94)
OTITIS MEDIA
 Give an account on acute otitis media in adults and children .What is its
prognosis. Enumerate Its complications. (2004)
 Secretory otitis media (92,9 3)
 Clinical picture of Acute Chronic suppurative otitis media
 Symptoms , Signs & Management ( 93 )
 Symptoms , Signs & Treatment of Cholesteatoma (95, 98, 99)
COMPLICATIONS Of OTITISMEDA
 Bell's Palsy
 What are causes of Facial nerve paralysis ? Write (in short) case-taking
(questions , examinations & investigations to be suggested) for such a
patient ( 90 , 96 )
 Discuss Facial Paralysis of ear origin ( 2000 )
 Enumerate causes of facial nerve paralysis in its cranial part (in the
Temporal Bone ). ( 2003 , oct 2005 )
 Enumerate complications of otitis media & their early symptoms(91)
Fistula sign (92,2003)
 Clinical picture of otogenic brain abscess (93)
 Write short notes on one complication of suppurative otitis media
characterized by the following:
A. Headache
B. Spiking fever (=sudden high fever which rapidly falls & accompanied by
rigors & sweating).
C. Papilloedema
Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much.

Helen Keller
Ear, Nose & Throat www.MedadTeam.org
42
 Acute mastoiditis Clinical picture (diagnosis)2005 and treatment2002

 Enumerate causes of pain in the ear. Write a short account on acute
mastoiditis.
 Management of otitis media with facial paralysis (Feb. 2005)
 Enumerate cranial .complication of otitis media (feb2005)
 Definition of: gradenigo's syndrome- Meniere's disease (feb2005)
OTOSCLERQSRE
 Clinical picture and management of Otosclerosis. (93, 2000)
MENIERE's DISEASE
 Clinical picture and management of Meniere's disease, (2000)

 Definition of menier's disease (feb2005)
SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF THE EAR
 Otalgla. (95 )
 Discuss the different causes of earache (2001)

 Cause of vertigo. How to interrogate & examine such "patient & what
investigations to be suggested(Case taking) (90,92)
 What are causes oF perceptive deafness1 (SHL) in an adult9 what
questions you ask the patient. Examinations that can be done
suggested? (90) Neural heating general practitioner & investigation?
(94,98)
 Enumerate causes of unilateral sensory neural hearing loss (unilateral
perceptive deafness) (94, 98)
 Conductive deafness (95, 96, 97,98,april & final 2005)
TRAUMA
 Traumatic rupture of the tympanic membrane, etiolog,diagnosis,

differential diagnosis from pathological perforation and ttt. (2002)
OPERATIONS
 Myringotomy (92)
Nose
 Nasal polypi (90,97)
 Managemont of bilateral nasal polypi (final 2005)
 Sinus headache (symptoms, signs & investigations) (92)
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 Complications of sinusitis. (95,2000.fin2005)
 Discuss atrophic changes in the nasal mucosa (atrophic rhinitis).

 Treatment of rhinoscleroma ... (94,96)
 Clinical picture of acute maxillary sinusitis
 Give an account on Rhinoscleroma.
 Give an account on Atrophic rhinitis. (2004)
 Discuss granulomas of the nose. (2000)
 Haematoma nasal septum: causes, CL. Pic, complications & ttt(2003)
 Enumerate causes of Bilateral nasal obstruction. (2002)
 Differntial diagnosis of unilateral purulent nasal discharage (feb2005)
 Enumerate causes & complications of mouth breathing.(2003)
 Write short notes on the following in nasal allergy (97)
a) Mechan b) n of allergy.
d) Investigations. c) Treatment
 Give account on snoring & sleep apnea syndrome (95,97,98,98')

 Give an account on Epistaxis (91,93'96)
 Mention the different causes of epistaxis. (2001)
 Discuss management of a case of epistaxis. (including investigations
No operative details are required. )
 Functional endoscopic sinus surgery & nasal endoscopy indications
(94,96,99)
PHARYNX
 Write short notes on Quinsy (90, 92, 94 95, 96, 98, dec 2005).
 Quinsy: clinical picture (diagnosis) and treatment. (2002)
 Enumerate causes of membrane of the tonsil. Infectidus mononuclicsls
(glandular fever)
 Discuss diseases which cause a membrane over the tonsils. (2000)
 Write a list of causes of ulcers of mouth & pharynx. (90,95,96':98')
 Symptoms, signs, investigations & treatment of carcinoma of the
nasopharynx (95,96,99)
 Nasopharyngeal fibroma (95)
 Diagnosis of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (fin2005)
 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (95,97,99)
 Pharyngeal pouch (92)
 Indications & complications of adenotonsillectomy operation.(2000)
 Indications of tonsillectomy. How to prepare a patient who had
rheumatic fever for tonsillectomy? (91'.94.97feb2005)
 What are the indications, contraindications and complications of
tonsillectomy?

44
 Clinical picture of retropharyngeal abcess (may 2005)
Esophagagus
 Corrosive esophagitis. (94)
 F.B. in the esophagus (excluding corrosives] (92)
 Enumerate causes of Dysphagia. (2002, oct 2005)
 Causes of dysphagia, case taking & investigations to arrive at a
diagnosis. (dec2005)
 Give a short account on Plummer-vinson syndrome. (fin2005, definition
Feb 2005)
LARYNX
 Clinical picture, differential diagnosis & treatment of acute non specific
laryngitis in children. (94,95,99)
 Chronic specific laryngitis (94)
 TB laryngitis: etiology,symptoms,signs (2003)
 inhaled f.b (93-94-96)

 papilloma of larynx (90-94)
 management of benign tumor of larynx 2005
 malignant tumor of the glottis
 causes of hoarseness of voice case taking
(questions-examination and investigation) (91-95-96-2005)
 Signs and symptoms of upper airway obstruction (91-95)
 enumerate causes of Stridor (2002)
 acute Stridor in children (92-95-96-97-99)
 disscus the indication and complication of tracheosotomy operation (96-2002)
 indication of trachestomy (dec-apr-fin2005)
 what are Indication ,types ,postoperative care
and complication of tracheostomy (2004)
 definition of stridor-horsness of voice
special questions
 give an account on headache and facial pain (ENT causes and other causes)
 Apatient is presenting with metastatic disease in cervical lymph node
What are the most common to search for 1ry (silent areas) (92-93-96)
 what is mean by occult (hidden) primary in ENT practice
 Mention the famous sites (silent areas) which can hide the primary lesion(2001)
 Management of a case of an occult primary (how can you reach a proper
45
diagnosis)Treatment is not required (2001)

 what is laser? Discuss the application of laser in ear, nose and larynx
 Anatomy of facial nerve
 Anatomy of maxillary sinus(2005)
 Rinne and Weber test (2005)
OCT 2005
1. Give a short account on the anatomy of facial nerve &enumerate causes of otitis facial
paralysis
2. Treatment of epistaxis
3. difinition of stridor and enumerate its
4. complication of tonsillectomy
5. Enumerate oesphageal causes of dysphagia
Dec 2005
1-anatomy of maxillary sinus
2-clinical picture of acute maxillary sinusitis
3-rinne and weber test
4-clinical picture of secretary otitis media
5-indication of trachestomy
6-aetiology and clinical picture of peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)
Feb 2005
1- a-enumerate cranial complication of otitis media ( 5marks )
b-give account on clinical picture of acute mastoiditis (5 marks )
2- definition of (10 marks )
a-stridor b-hoarsness of voice
c-plummer Vinson syndrome d-gradingo syndrome

46
e-menier disease
3- diffrintial diagnosis unilateral purulent discharge
4- indication and how to prepare a patient for tonsillectomy operation
April 2005
Give account on
1- anatomy of facial nerve
2- bell pulsy (clinical picture and management)
3- causes of conductive deafness
4- oro-antral fistula
5- antrochoanal polyp
6- definition and causes of stridor
7- indication of trachestomy
May 2005
Give account on
1- Management of epistaxsis
2- clinical picture of rhinoscleroma
3- clinical picture of secretory otitis media
4- weber test
5- clinical picture of retro-pharyngeal abscess
6- causes of Hoarsness of voice
Mid Term Exam

1-A male patient 55 y old presented with severe bleeding from the nose .
the nasal examination was normal .
a. mention the first aid mesures you do in this case "4marks"
b. list the possible causes of such case "4 marks"
c. how can u reach the diagnosis "3 marks"
2-give a short account : "5 marks each"

a- anatomy of medial wall of middle ear
b- indications & contraindications of tonsillctomy
c- causes of bilateral vocal paralysis
d- clinical picture & ttt of acute mastoiditis
3-mcqs "10 marks"

(1)all the following is correct about ttt of otomycesis except:
a.removal of fungal mass by suction
b.bed rest
c.removal of fungal mass by forceps
d.topical antifungal drugs as nystatin ,clotrimazole,gentian voiet

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(2)indirect laryngoscopy means:

a.mirror examination of the larynx
b.using flexible fiberoptic endoscope to examine the larynx
c.examination the larynx by open rigid laryngoscope
d.none of the above
(3)all the following is correct about unilateral choanal atresia except :
a.the situation may pass unnoticed at birth
b.may present by unilateral nasal obstruction
c.may persent by unilateral nasal glue like discharge
d.it is emergency situation discovered at birth & may lead to death
(4)what the ttt of choice in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
a.surgery
b.chemotinerapy
c.cryotherapy
d.irradiation
(5)in achalasia of cardia dysphagia is
a.more to fluids than to solids
b.more to solids than to fluids
c.equal to both
d.no dysphagia
(6)choose the false statement regarding strength:
a.the patint suffers from cacosmia
b.the primary endocanal cause is commoen in women
c.nasal granuloma has no role in this disease
d.local ttt with glucose 25 per cent in glycann
e.surgical measures to narrow the nose may be effective
(7)symptoms of traumatic rupture of tympanic membrane include
a.pain at the time of rupture
b.bleeding at the onset
c.deafness(conductive)minmal with perforation
(8)the predisposing factors of acute otitis media in infants include all the following
except :
a.adenciditis,tonsillitis & exanthematos are request
b.during teething with it associated rhinitis ,gastroenteritis & antificial feeding
c.the longer ,narrower & vertical eustachian tube predisposes to infection
d.the contaminated milk may enter the eustachian tube as a result of feeding in the
supine position
(9) all the following is correct about larynomalacia except:
a.it is due congenital weak flaccid larynx
b.child looks healthy
c.it effects the vocal cords
d.inspiratory stridor starts soon after birth
(10)all the following is correct about leukoplakia except:
a.it caused by excessive smoking
b.it never turns malignant
c.it causes gradual hoarseness of voice
d.it is white in color

48
End Of Term Exam
1-A 5 y old child developed fever & right sever earache followed 2 days later
by post auricular swelling . examination showed right congested bulging
ympanic membrane & tender post auricular swelling
a.what is your diagnosis and differential diagnosis "5 marks"

b.how to investigate this patient "5 marks"
2-enumerate:
a.indications of tracheotomy "5 marks"
b.general causes of epistaxis "5 marks"
3-give short account on:

a.rinne & weber tests "5 marks"
b.acute and chronic retropharyngeal abscess "5 marks"
4-mcqs: "10 marks"
(1)the commenest cause of bilateral nasal obstruction in a child is :

a.deviated septum
b.adenoid hypertophy
c.nasal polypi
d.nasal fb
(2)attack of sneezing ,watery nasal discharge & alternating nasal obstruction

can be caused by:
a.allergic rhinitis
b.rhinoscleroma
c.nasal fb
d.csf rhinorrhea
(3)a watery ear discharge that increases by straining is :

a.serous otitis media
b.csf otorrhea
c.aom
d.malignant otitis externa
(4)a triad of sensorineural hearing loss,tinnitus & vertigo is suspicious of :

a.cholesteatoma
b.otitic barotrauma
c.vestibular neuritis
d.meniere's disease
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(5)the following are causes of conductive hear loss except :

a.otosclerosis
b.acoustic trauma
c.otitis media
d.myringitis
(6)the management of malignant otitis externa include :

a.control of DM
b.radiotheraby
c.antibiotic in large doses
d.all the above
e. a&c
(7)the following are causes if pediatric airway obstruction except:

a.acute epiglotitis
b.acute laryngotracheaobronchitis
c.recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
d.singer's nodules
(8)the following are silent areas of the head & neck exept :
a.the nasopharynx
b.the vocal cords
c.pyriform sinus
d.base of tongue
(9)factosrs predisposing to obstructive sleep apnea include :

a.obesity
b.redundant soft palate
c.marked tonsillar enlargement
d.all the above
(10)a young adult male is in a motor vehicle accident & has sustained
facial trauma . he still has copious clear water discharge
from his nose 24 hours later . the next step is:
a.blowing the nose to clean the the nasal cavity
b.bilateral nasal packing
c.bed rest and placing him on prophlacitic antibiotics
d.putting his head down
1st Round 2007-2008

1- A child , 2 years old came to the reception room with difficult breathing.
There was noise present during inspiration.
i- What is the medical term for this condition and what are the possible
causes?
ii- How to save this patient life?
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2- A male patient , 28 years old had bilateral nasal obstruction.

On examination , multiple , masses were seen filling both nasal cavities.
i- What is the diagnosis of this case?
ii- Mention the other symptoms he will suffer from due to his bilateral nasal
obstruction.
3- Causes of epistaxix.
MCQ
1- The commonest cause of sleep apnea in children is:

i- Choanal atresia.
ii- Acute rhinitis.
iii- Enlarged tonsils and adenoids.
iv- Rhinoscleroma.
v- Nasal foreign body.
3- Reactionary haemorrhage after adeoidectomy is treated by:

i- Ligation.
ii- Anterior nasal packing.
iii- Posterior nasal packing.
iv- Chemical cauterisation.
v- Electric cauterisation.
3- Lateral displacement of the eye ball is due to:

i- Sphenoidal sinus lesions.
ii- Ethmoidal sinus lesions.
iii- Maxillary sinus lesions.
iv- Frontal sinus lesions.
4- Lower motor neurone facial paralysis affects:

i- The upper part of the face.
ii- The lower part of the face.
iii- The whole side of the face.
iv- Eye muscles.
v- Muscles of the tongue
5- Cranial copmlications of otitis media include:

i- External otitis.
ii- Petrositis.
iii- Brain abcess.
iv- Extradural abcess.
v- Lateral sinus thrombosis.
6- Intracranial complications of O.M. include:

i- Facial paralysis.
ii- Mastoiditis.
iii- External otitis.
iv- Extradural abcess
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2nd Round 2007-2008

Cases:
1- A 12 years old male pt. had a history of Rt. ear discharge for 2 yrs. eight
days ago he started to have fever & pain behind the Rt. ear. On examination,
there was a perforation in the tympanic memb. located in pars flaccida. there
was tenderness over the mastoid tip with a swelling posterior to the auricle.
a- full diagnosis of this case?

b-What is the D.D?
c-discribe the discharge coming from the rt. ear in the previous 2 yrs.
d-what is the most imp. single diagnosis to do? How does it help in reaching
the proper diagnosis?
2-Achild 3 yrs old came to emergency after swallowing of caustic potash 30

min. ago.
a-Clinial pic. on presentation.

b-how to tt?
c-Clinical pic. after 3 monthes.
d-What is the mst valuble investigation to do after 3 ms. before any
interference?
Written:
First aid treatment of a case of epistaxis
MCQ
1-All are branches of the facial nerve EXCEPT:

a-chorda tympani.
b-Greater auricular nerve.
c-Nerve to stapedius muscle.
d-Greater superfacial petrosal nerve.
2-Unilateral watery nasal discharge occurs in cases of:

a-Allergic rhinitis.
b-Cancer maxilla.
c-C.S.F rhinorrhoea.
d-Acute sinusitis.
3-Scleroma can affect the following sites EXCEPT:

a-Larynx.
b-Nose.
c-Bronchi.
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d-Lacrimal system.
4-A paired cartilage of the larynx:

a-Thyroid cartilage.
b-Arytenoid cartilage.
c-Cricoid cartilage.
d-Epiglottis.
5-The commonest cause of sleep apnoea in children is:

a-Redundant soft palate.
b-Enlarged tongue base.
c-Enlarged tonsils and adenoids.
d-Deviated nasal septum.
Life is a succession of lessons which must be lived to be understood.

Helen Keller
3rd Round 2007-2008
cases
1- A male pt.aged 23 years. he was suffering from bilateral intermittent

mucopurulant ear discharge for the last 4 yrs. three days ago he had an
attack of common cold.
On examination both drum showed cenral perforations. the discharge
comming was pulsating.
a-Cause of pulasting discharge in this case?

b-What do you advice this pt.?
c-Which ear to operate first? why?
2-A 30 yrs old female had an attack of acute follicular tonsillitis for the last 4
days. On the fouth day the pain in the throat started to localize to the left
tonsillar region.
the pain became throbbing and radiating to the left ear.
a-what is the likely daignosis?

b-What are the other symptoms do you expect to find?
c-what are the signs you shall find in the pt.?
Written:
-What are the indications of tracheostomy?
-what are the typesof nasal packing for epistaxis & how to do each?

53
MCQ:
1-CSOM cause all of the following symptoms except:
-Discharge.
-Pain
-tinnitus
-deafness
2-Stridor is:
-difficult breathing.
-noisy breathing.
-change in voice.
-difficult noisy breathing.
-difficult breathing & swallowing.
3-acute mastoditis is treated by:

-radical mastoidectomy.
-cortical mastoidectomy.
-tympanoplasty.
-stapedectomy.
4-Laryngoscleroma affect:
-epiglottis.
-vocal cords.
-above vocal cords.
-below vocal cords
4 Round 2007-2008
th
1-A male patient aged 16 years suffered from recurrent attacks of Epistaxis.
Over a 2-years period he was admitted twice to hospital for blood transfusion.
a-What is the most probable diagnosis? (2 marks)
b- How to investigate? (3 marks)
c- How to treat? (3 marks)
2- A five years old girl came suffering of diminution of hearing in both

ears for the last 2 months. The condition followed an attack of upper
respiratory tract infection. On examination, both ear drums were intact but
retracted.
a- How to know that the drum is retracted? (2 marks)
b- What is the diagnosis? (2 marks)
e- What are the investigations needed? (3 marks)
d- How to treat? (3 marks)
3- Post operative complications of tracheostomy. (5 marks)
4- M.C.Q: (5 marks)
54
1- Meniere's disease is characterized by :

a- Conductive deafness, otorrhea and vertigo.
b- Sensor neural deafness, pain in the ear and tinnitus.
c- Sensorineural deafness, tinnitus and vertigo.
d- Conductive deafness, facial paralysis and vertigo.
2- One of the following laryngeal lesions is precancerous:
a- Singer's nodule.
b- Laryngoscleroma
c- Multiple papilloma
d- Laryngeal web.
e- Single papilloma
3- All the following muscles are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal

nerve except:
a- Throaryrenoid.
b- Posterior cricoarytenoid .
c- Thyrohyoid.
d- Lateral cricoarytenoid.
4- The commonest cause of sleep apnea in children is:

a- Bilateral nasal polyp
b- Deviated nasal septum.
c- Adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
d- Large uvula and soft palate.
5- Traumatic perforation of the drum is characterized by all of the

followings except:
a- Irregular edges.
b- Marginal.
c- In pars tensa
d- May heal spontaneously.
1 Round 2009
st
1.A child 7 year old presented with sore throat and fever for 3 days. Now
the pain is localized to the right side, throbbing and referred to the right
ear. The child cannot open his mouth. Externally, only the jugulodigastric
lymph nodes are felt.
(2 marks) What is the possible diagnosis?
What are other signs to search for? (3 marks)

55
How to treat? (5marks)
2. Acute otitis media in children: Aetiological causes, clinical picture and

treatment (5 marks)
3. Compare between different types of papillomas of the larynx? (5 marks)
4-Mcqs (10 marks)
1- The commonest cause of epistaxis in children is:

a- Adenoids.
b- Nasopharyngeal fibroma.
c- Idiopathic.
d- Foreign body
2- In achalasia of the cardia dysphgia is :

a- Not present.
b- More to solids.
c- More to fluids.
d- Equal for both.
3- In upper motor neurone faciaL paralysis:

a- All muscles of the face are affected.
b- Hypertonia of the muscles is present.
e- lost expressions
d- Muscles are wasted.
4- C.S.F. rhinorrhoea is:

a- Bilateral.
b- Unilateral.
c- Mucoid.
d- Pulsattng.
5- All are symptoms of chronic suppurative otitis media Except:

a- Discharge.
b- Pain.
c- Deafness.
d- TInnitus.
2 Round 2009
nd
1- 54 years old man presented with hoarseness for last 3 weeks condition
56
was stationary inspite of medical ttt.

indirect laryngoscopy revealed a paralysed left vocal cord.
the remainder of otolaryngyological examination was normal.
he gave no history of truama nor operation prior to the onset of hoarseness.
a) how does a paralysed cord appear?
b)what are the possiple causes in this particular case?
c) how to know the definite cause?
2-Enumerate causes of dysphagia.

3-Causes and medical ttt of vertigo.
3 Round 2009
rd
Answer the following questions:
1. A male patient 55 years old presented with diminution of hearing in his

right ear for the last 2 months. He felt a sensation of fluid In his right ear.
On examination the right ear drum was opaque and retracted. Weber's test
showed lateralization to the right ear .
a) What is the diagnosis of such a case? (1 Mark)
b) What are the full investigations needed for this elderly male patient?(4
Marks)
c) How to treat? (2 Marks)
2. A male patient aged 24 years received a trauma to his head. Immediately
following this trauma he noticed a clear watery fluid coming from his left
nostril .
a) What do you need to know more about the characters of this
discharge? (2 Marks)
b) What are the investigations needed for such a case? (2 Marks)
c) What do you advise him to do & not to do? (2 Marks)
d) How to treat? (1 Mark)
3. What are the symptoms, signs and management of ingestion of a

corrosive :
a) Immediately after ingestion. (3 marks)
b) Two months following the ingestion. (3 Marks)
4. M.C.Q. (10 Marks)
1. EAC :
a. 36 cm
b. Lined by skin
c. Responsible for preception of hearing

57
d. Formed of cartilage
2. Olfactory epithelium lines :
a. Most of nasal passage
b. Roof of nasal passage
c. Floor of nasal passage
3. Commenest cause of sleep apnea in children is:
a. Bilateral nasal poly
b. Deviated nasal septum.
c. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy
d. Large uvula and soft palate
4. Syphilis of the nose affects
a. Anterior part of the septum
b. Posterior part of the septum
c. Middle turbinate
d. Inferioe turbinate
5. Laryngoscleroma affect:
a. epiglottis.
b. vocal cords.
c. below vocal cords
d. above vocal cords.
No one has a right to consume happiness without producing it.

Helen Keller
JULY 98
Give an account on:
1. Quinsy.
2. Complications of otitis media.
3. Snoring.
4. Laser application in the laryngeal.
JULY 99

58

Write short notes on:
1. Cholesteatoma. (6 Marks)
2. Symptoms, signs & ttt of the attico-antral type of C.S.O.M. (5 marks)
3. Indications of nasal endoscopy. (5 marks)
4. Give an account on RE.S.S. (Functional sinus surgery) (5 marks)
Write a short account on:

1. The silent areas of the head & neck. (4 marks)
2. Symptoms, signs, investigations & treatment of naso-pharyngeal
carcinoma. (6 marks)
3. Enumerate causes of sudden onset of stridor in children (2 marks).
4. Acute non-specific laryngitis in children (6 marks)
N.B.: no operative details are required in any question
JUNE 2000
Answer on question only: (20 Marks) :
1. Indications and complications of adenotonsillectomy operation.
2. Discuss the diseases which can cause a membrane over the tonsils.
Answer on question only: (20 Marks) :

1. Discuss the indications and complication of tracheosotomy operation.
2. Discuss the causes of stridor in infancy and childhood. Mention the
management in brief.
Answer on question only: (20 Marks)

1. Discuss granulomas of the nose.
2. Discuss complications of sinusitis.
Answer on question only: (20 Marke)

1. Discuss otogenic facial paralysis
2. Clinical picture & management of:
a. Otosclerosis.
b. Clinical picture and manager
JUNE 2001
1- a. Mention the different causes of epistaxis.
b. Discuss the management of a case of epistaxis (including Investigations
and treatment).
2- a. What is meant by an occult primary .
b. Mention the famous sites (silent areas) which can hide the primary
lesion. (10 Marks)

59
c. Management of a case of an occult primary (How can you reach to a

proper diagnosis)? Treatment is not required. (15 Marks)
3- Discuss the different causes of earache. (25 Marks)
JUNE 2002
1. Enumerate causes of the following:
a. Dysphagia. (15 marks)
b. Stridor. (10 marks)
c. Bilateral nasal obstruction. (10 marks)
2. Quinsy: clinical picture (diagnosis) and treatment. (15 marks)
3. Acute mastoditis cl, picture (diagnosis)& treatment. (15 marks)
4. Traumatic rupture of the tympanic membrane, etiology, diagnosis,
differential diagnosis from pathological perforation and. (20 marks)
JUNE 2003
1. a- Enumerate causes of facial nerve paralysis in its cranial part (in the
temporal bone). (15 marks)
b- Give brief account on fistula sign (in ear). (15 marks)
2. Enumerate causes & complications of mouth breathing (15 arks)
3. Haematoma nasal septum: causes, symptoms, signs, complications &
treatment (15 marks)
4. TB laryngitis: aetiology, symptoms, signs & investigations. (20 marks)
June 2004
1. Give an account on acute otitis media in adults and children. What is its
prognosis. Enumerate its complications. (30 marks)
a- Rhinoscleroma. (10 marks) b- Atrophic rhinitis. (10marks).
3. What are the indications, contraindications and complications of
Tonsillectomy ?
4. What are the indications, types, p complications of tracheostomy ?
June 2005
1. A. Management of otitis media with facial paralysis. (10 marks)
B. Enumerate causes of conductive hearing loss. (10 marks)
2. A- Management of bilateral nasal polypi (10 marks)
B- Complications of sinusitis (10 marks)
3. A- Management of benign tumors of the larynx (10 marks)
B- Indications of tracheostomy (10 marks)
4. A- Give a short account on Plummer -vinson syndrome.(10 marks)
B-Dignosis of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. (10 marks)
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June 2006
All questions are to be attempted:
1- A male patient 35 years old came for medical advice complaining of

inability
To close his right eye and deviation of angle of mouth to left side on
smiling he noticed discomfort on hearing loud sounds and metallic
taste in the mouth.He gave no history of trauma or discharge from right
ear.E.N.T examination revealed inability to move all the muscles of
facial expression, otherwise rest of examination was free
a- State the most probable clinical diagnosis. ( 5 marks )

b- explain why there is: (5 marks)
- Discomfort on hearing loud sounds.

- Metallic taste of mouth.
C- State the treatment of such a case. (10 marks)
2· Enumerate:
a- Causes of stridor in an infant(10 marks)

b- Systemic causes of Epistaxis. (10 marks)
3. Give a short account on :
a- Nerve supply of the larynx (Sensory and Motor). (10 marks)
b- Symptoms, signs and treatment of secretory otitis media. (10 marks)
4. M.C.Q (20 marks)
June 2007
A 30 years old patient from inability to close his left eye with deviation of the
mouth since 2 days. The onset of the condition was gradual. History revealed
scanty offensive discharge from the left ear since 15 years with increased
amount since 1 week
a-what is the possible diagnosis? Give reason ( 6 marks )
b-what are the signs you look for? (6 marks)

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c- What are the investigations to be done and state briefly the treatment of
this case (8 marks)
2. Enumerate:
1- causes of stridor in an infant. (10 marks)
2-general causes of epistaxis. (10 marks)
3- give a brief short account on :
1. Haemorrhagic complications of adeno-tonsillectomy.(10 marks)
2. Rinne and weber test (10 marks)
4. M.C.Q (20 marks)
1. A triad of recurrent attacks of SNHL, vertigo and tinnitus is suspicious
of:
a- cholesteatoma.
b- otitic barotraumas.
c- vestibular neuritis.
d- meniere`s disease.
2. The management of malignant otitis externa include:
a- control of diabetes
b-Radiotherapy
c- antibiotic in large doses.
d-All of the above
e-A&C
3. symptoms of traumatic rupture of tympanic membrane include:
a- Pain at the time of rupture
b- Bleeding at onset
C-Deafness
d- All of the above.
4-In oral moniliasis all is true except :
a- present by whitish patches in the oropharynx.
b-In treated by massive doses of antibiotic.
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c- common in immuno compromised patient.

d- caused by candida albicans.
5. In Antrochoanal polyp all is true except:
a- Arises usually from the sphenoid sinus.
b-causes unilateral nasal obstruction.
c- May reach the nasopharynx.
d- Is treated by excision with or without radical antrum operation.
6. Acute retropharyngeal abscess presents by the following except:
a. Fever, malaise and anorexia.
b- Dysphagia and odynophagia.
c- A swelling in the posterior phyaryngeal wall.
d- Trismus.
7. The following are silent areas of the head and neck except:
a-The nasopharynx.
b-The vocal cords.
c- Pyriform sinus.
d- base of tongue.
8. Factors predisposing to obstructive sleep apron include:
a- Obesity.
b- Redundant soft palate.
c- Marked tonsi1lar enlargement.
d- All the above.
9. The following lesion of the larynx is precncerous:
a- Single papilloma of the adult.
b- Multiple laryngeal papillomatosis.

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c- Singer's nodule.
d-Laryngomalaia.
10. The following are intracranial complications of otitis media except:
a- Extradural abscess.
b- Meningitis.
c- Brain abscess.
d- Labyrinthitis.
The only thing worse than being blind is having sight but no vision.
Helen Keller

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1st Round 2008

A) Answer the following Questions: (30mark)
1. Define the following (21 mark)
a. Primary Health Care
b. Health
c. Growth rate
d. Incidence rate
e. Maternal mortality
f. Total fertility rate
g. Obesity
2. The following nutrients have specific role in bone tissue
metabolism
Mention this specific role and dietary sources of each:
a. Flourine
b. Vitamin D
c. Calcium (6 marks)
3. Highlight Pointes that discribe the population Pyramide

(3 marks)
b)true or false
(in the answer paper, write the question number and one answer )
I. Put (T) in case of true and (F) in case of false (half mark
each total = 20 marks)
1. The majority of obesity cases are related to genetic, metabolic and
hormonal disorders
2. Hypertensive patients should be encouraged 10 consume diet rich in
w-3 Fatyacids to reduce the risk of stroke
3. The food Composition table is used to analyze the food consumed per
Capita per day into quantitative amounts of energy and nutrients
4. The Egyptian major source of protein intake is from plant food
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5. Calcium deficiency during pregnancy could lead to demineralization of

mother's teeth and dental caries
6. Bottle-fed babies are at risk for obesify
7. The most common Vitamin deficiencies among school children are
vitamin A and B2
8. BMI and relative weight are of the tools used to assess the
prevalence of obesity among the studied groups
9. The normal measure for skin fold thickness for males is 30 mm and
for females it is 20mm.
10. High protem intake protect the lens against cataract through slowing
down the effect of aging
11. Calcium defIciency is manifested by osteomalacia and enlarged
metaphysial ends of the long bones
12. Skeletal fluorosIs is one of the problems of young children due the
high intake of fluorine
13. Vegetables and pulses are very rich sources for zinc
14. Protein, vitamin C, Vitamin A and zinc are important in the process of
healling of the injured tissues
15. Smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis because it could affect the
estrogen level
16. If a person's height is 170 cm and his weight is 80 kgm and the tables
displaying the desirable weii.Jll for height shows that the desired
weight is 70 kg, the relative weight is114%
17. Anthropomatric measurements to assess nutritional status of the
individuals Include weight, height and hemoglobin level
18. Cholesterol form important part of the cell membranes in the body
19. Repeated healing of the mono- unsaturated fatty acids result in its
transformatio into hazardous form of poly unsaturated fatty acids
20. Egypt Food Balance Sheet indicates that energy intake is less than
energy requirement
21. Vitamin A is considered as anti·infection vitamin because it is essential
for immune system and the integrity of the epithelial tissue
22. Circumcorneal vascularizations is one of findings of eye examination
in case of vitamin A deficiency.
23. Iron supplementation is required during pregnancy to satisfy iron
stores of the fetus as well as prevention of maternal anemia
24. Vitamin E improves vitamin A absorption, and vitamin C helps in
activation of the oxidized vitarmn E
25. Primary prevention of the disease includes health promotion and
specifIc prevention by immunization and chemoprophylaxis
26. Both screening tests and periodic examinatioos are aiming at early
detection of the diseases
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27. High illiteracy rate is associated with high morbidity and low fertility
28. Screening tests are specific disease -oriented. while periodic
examination is individual-oriented for early detection of the disease
29. The crude birth rate is a very sensitive indicator for measurement of
fertility
30. Census taking could be done at any time, but national surveys have to
be conducted every 10 years
31. Family files insure that the families have 10 receive health services
from any family health Unit
32. The rate of natural Increase could be used In estimation of the
population size in the inter census years
33. The basic benefit package includes DOTS treatment for Bilharzias
cases
34. The top bars of the population pyramid present the young age group
of the population
35. Transitional populations are characterized by high birth rate and
declining death rate.
36. in Egypt the median age of the population is increasing and the age
dependency ratio is decreasing
37. Low infant and child mortanty is a motive for low fertility in the country
38. The rate of natural increase is used for estimation of the population
size because it considers the births, deaths and migration
39. The age dependency ratios in country A (80%) and country B (40%)
indicate that country A has a higher proportion of the population in the
productive age
40. The general fertilily rate could be used to compare between nations
because it is standardized for the age structure of females in the
reproductive age in each country
II . CrossMatch the Statements in the Two Columns( leach one mark)
Malnutrition At-risk Group

41.( ) Iron deficiency anemia (a) Elderly
42.( ) Scurvy (b) Mutipara
43.( ) Osteomalacia (c) premature babies
44.( ) Osteoporosis (d) menopausal women
Indicator Measures the relations between live births per

45.( ) General fertility rate (a) woman throughout her reproductive life
46.( ) Total fertility rate (b)1000 married females in the reproductive age
47.( ) Crude birth rate (c) 1000 midyear population
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48.( ) Fecundity rate (d)1000 females in the reproductive age
III .Fill in the spaces using words in the box: (each half mark)
a) Social b)Geographic c) Financial d) acceptabality

accessibility accessibility accessibility
49- …..... indicates ability of people to pay the cost of Health services
50- .……indicates that me service is matched With the cultural

background of the people
51-…... is the availability of the PCH facilities within reach of served

population
52-..…..indicated that the people feel the importance of PHC services
Total Mark: 60 marks
3rd Round 2008

A) Answer the Following Questions : ( 30 marks)
1. Define & give 3 examples for:

a. pandemie spread
b. Carrier
c. Zoonosis
d. Hospital waste
e. SurveilIance
f. Seroprophylaxis
2. Define and mention the advantage, and limitations of lhe following Fertility
indications:
a. Crude birth rate
b. Total Fertility Rate
c. General Fertility Rate
3. illustrate, When possible give example
Consequenees of Global Warning
4. Mention 4 examples for
a) Singl antigen vaccines
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b) Multiple antigen vaccines
B) true or false
I. put ( T) in case of true & (F) in case of false
1. infant mortality rate is an impact indicator measuring the effectiveness of

PHC and family practice service
2. Currently the PCH services are characterized by providing integrated,
continuous and comperehensive health services.
3. In the PCH, facilities It is possible to find physicians specialized in
maternaI care.
4. Currently the family health unit and PHC facilities are the first line of
contact between people and healtlh system.
5. Data In the family records includes family size and horne environmental
data
6. The current Situations of PHC facilities is Providing both Curative and
Preventive services.
7. Graphic method is the most accurate method of estimation of population

size in the inter-census year.
8. Censust aking Is usually every 10 years but national Surveys could be
at any time.
9. Doubling time is used as an indicator that measures the population
growth
10. The attack rate is higher than the indicedence rate for the same acute
disease
11. In the majority of cases , infection is usually in appearant & passes
unnotice
12. In diseases having convalescent carrier state, all convalescents become
carriers
13. Chronic carriers are only known in the convalescent type
14. Urinary carriers are known for cholera,
15. Milk can possibly transmit diseases of droplet infection
16. No organisms find exit in exanthemas of infectious diseases.
17. Maternally acquired immunuity protectes the infants from all infectious.
d iseeses of childhood
18. Exposure to infection is the only source of actively acquired natural
Irnmunity
19. An endemic disease may assume an epidemic waves when favorable
circumstances are available.
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20. Contacts ot all infctious diseases should be isolated.

21. Chlorination of potable water is a process of sterilization Killing all
organismes
22. potable water should be totally free of hardnees
23. The risk of infection with insanitary disposal of wastes. arises from
sewage only. not refuse.
24. lncineration is the Ideal method of refuse disposal but of limited
application.
I. II Cross Match the statements in the Two Columns: (each 1 mark)
Infection is maintained in the community by the following line of the

infectious cycle
1. Cases a. Of many types, important
2. Carriers sources
3. ◌ِ ◌ِ ◌Animal
ِ reservoirs b. Channels from source to new
4. New host host
5. Mode of transmission c. Must be susceptible
d. Infective for limited time
e. Spread zoonotic diseases
Foci of infection in the body include
6. Nose a. Strept. haemolyticus, diphtheria

7. Throat b. Salmonellae, Shigellae
8. Nasopharynx c. Meningococcus, Pneumococcus
9. Intestine d. Enterica
10. Gall-bladder e. Staph. aureus. diphtheria
Nature of Vaccines (1st column) and examples (2nd column)
11. Live avirulent viral vaccine a. Salk of poli

12. Live avirulent bacterial vaccine b. Tatanus
13. Inactivated viral vaccine c. BCG
14. Inactivated bacterial vaccine d. Measles
15. Toxoid e. Cholera
III. Cross matches the stage of the life cycle with the specific PHC
programe
Stage in the life cylce PHC program
16. Pre conception a. Antenatal care
17. Fetal life b. Family health
18. Adolescents c. Premarital care
Second column give examples for types of immunity following
exposure to infection :
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19. Subclinical immunity a. Tuberculosis

20. Premunation immunity b. Measles
21. Immunity of manifest c. Enterica
disease
Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light.
Helen Keller
1 st Round 2009
A) Answer the following
1. Tetanus is a disease which still spreads in areas where contact with animal
excret is more likely to occur:
a. What are the susceptibility and factors favoring its spread?
b. Its fatality-why?
c. Mention the specific preventive measures needed to minimize its spread
2. Give reasons for:
a. Recommending iodine , iron , zinc in feeding of the pregnant mother
(6 marks)
b. Variation in the antigenicity (immunogenicity) of a given vaccine
3. Define:
a. Pandemic spread
b. Maternal mortality ratio
c. Case fatality rate
d. Exclusive breast feeding
4. Enumerate:
a. Four examples for exit of organism in blood
b. Four impact indicators measuring the effectiveness of maternal care
program
c. Four principles of PHC
d. Four functions for the health office
e. Four hazards for the trans-fatty acids
f. Three vaccines given aat the age of 18 months
g. one example for:
 discrete variable
 nominal variables
 continuous variables
 ordinal variables
B) Problem solving
The hemoglobin in grams was estimated for 11 male patients,the results were as
follows:
12-13-11-13-14-13-10-11-12-13-10
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calculate the suitable measures of central tendency
C) MCQ (In the answer paper , Write the question number and one answer
II. Put (T)in case of true and (F) in case of false (half mark each)
1- Infant mortality rate is an impact indicator measuring the effectiveness
of PHC and family practice service
2- Currently the PHC services are characterized by providing integrated,
continuous and comprehensive health services
3- In the PHC facilites it is possible to find physicians specialized in
maternal care
4- Currently the family health unit and PHC facilities are the first line of
contact between people and health system
5- Data in the family records includes family size and home
environmental data
6- The current situation of PHC facilities is providing both curative and
preventive services
7- Graphic method is the most accurate method of estimation of
population size in the inter-census year
8- census taking is usually every 10years but national surveys could be
at any time
9- Doubling time is used as an indicator that measures the population
growt
10- The attack rate is higher than the incidence rate for the same acute
disease
11- In the majority of cases, infection is usually in apparent, and passes
unnoticed
12- In diseases having convalescent carrier state, all convalescents
become carriers
13- Chronic carriers are only known in the convalescent type
14- Urinary carriers are known for cholera
15- Milk can possibly transmit diseases of droplet infection
16- No organism find exit in exanthemas of infectious diseases
17- Maternally acquried immunity protects the infant from all infectious
diseases of childhood
18- Exposure to infection is the only source of actively acquired natural
immunity
III. Cross Match the statements in the Two Columns: (each 1 mark)
Infection is maintained in the community by the following line of the
infectious cycle
1. Cases a) Of many types, important
2. Carriers sources
3. ◌ِ ◌ِ ◌Animal
ِ reservoirs b) Channels from source to new
4. New host host
5. Mode of transmission c) Must be susceptible
d) Infective for limited time
e) Spread zoonotic diseases
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Foci of infection in the body include
1. Nose a) Strept. haemolyticus, diphtheria

2. Throat b) Salmonellae, Shigellae
3. Nasopharynx c) Meningococcus, Pneumococcus
4. Intestine d) Enterica
5. Gall-bladder e) Staph. aureus. diphtheria
Nature of Vaccines (1st column) and examples (2nd column)
1. Live avirulent viral vaccine a) Salk of poli

2. Live avirulent bacterial vaccine b) Tatanus
3. Inactivated viral vaccine c) BCG
4. Inactivated bacterial vaccine d) Measles
5. Toxoid e) Cholera
IV. Fill in the space using words in the boxes

a) Type I-Osteoporosis b) Type II- c) Osteomalacia d) Rickets
Osteoporosis
1. ………. affect children 6-24 months
2. ……….. is a health problem among elderly males and females
3. ……….. is the bone problem among high parity women
4. …………. appears among women in the early years after menopause
a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin B6 d) Vitamin B12
5. ………… prevent premature rupture of membranes
6. ………. is an anti-infection vitamin
7. ……….. is important for amino acid metabolism
8. ……….. prevent sperm abnormalities
2nd Round 2009
Answer the following (total 30mark)
1. with the effective immunization programs measles incidence has drooped
Respond to the following
a. What is the causative agent (1 mark)

b. What is the age incidence (1 mark)
c. Clinical picture in the exanthematous stage (2 mark)
d. Specific preventive measures (2 mark)
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2. Give a reason for:

a. work injuries (accident) form a major health problem in industry (5 Mark)
b. Birth rate and general fertility rate are not sensitive indicator to measure
fertility (4 Mark)
3. Define: ( 8 marks )
a. Health system in Egypt

b. Infant mortality
c. Pneumoconiosis
d. Growth chart
4. Enumerate (7 Mark)
a. Four problems of prematurity
b. Four factors detected in early or late pregnancy
c. Selected population groups covered by health insurance system (all)
d. One example for:
 Polysaccharide vaccine
 A cellular vaccine
 Live vaccine
 Live attenuated oral vaccine
 Live attenuated viral vaccine
 Killed bacterial vaccine
 Recumbent vaccine
5. True or false (half mark each)
1. An attack of influenza or common cold is associated with solid immunity
2. Toxoids are available for diphtheria and tetanus only
3. Immunoglobulin are used for seroprophylaxis only
4. Ecology of disease is governed by a triad of host-agent-enviroment
factors
5. All infectious diseases show skin eruption
6. The birth rate of developing countries is usually lower than that of the
developed
7. The death rate is a index of community development and health services
8. Life expectation at birth is longer for females than males in Egypt
9. Restriction of births, through birth control is the only objective of family
planning services
10. Both heat stroke and sun stroke are dangerous because they affect the
heat regulating center
11. Biological injuries of the tissues due to irradiation affect the sperm ,ova
12. Pneumoconiosis is a rapid process and manifestation start after 10days of
exposure
13. Glass blowers are at high risk for heat cataract
14. Examples for the occupational inhalation of inorganic dust are silica and
bagasse
15. Medical professionals could be exposed to occupational physical .
chemical or biological hazard
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16. The rate of natural increased could be used in estimation of the population
size in the inner census year
17. High potential population have high birth rate and high death rate
18. Contraceptive discontinuation rate and age specific fertility rate of the
outcome indicator used to evaluate the effectiveness of the family
planning program
6. cross match the statement into the 2 columns (each 1Mark)
intervention results
1-( ) the use of ORT a. reduce the incidence of ARI
2-( ) safe water supply b. reduce infant mortality rate from dehydration
3-( )vitamin A to mother and baby c. reduce incidence of diarrhea and ARI
4-( ) measles and whooping cough d. reduce the incidence of diarrhea
vaccine to the baby
indicators Evaluate the achievement of

5-( ) infant mortality rate a. programmatic objectives of child care program
6-( )percent of 24 month old children b. objective of PHC facility
who are fully immunized
7-( ) percent of diarrhea cases children c. goal of child care program

who received ORT in health facility
8-( )percent of PHC facility providing d. operational objective of MOHP
quality care child services
Maternal morbidity Outcome of pregnancy

9- ( ) hypertension a. ophthalmia neonatorum
10-( ) diabities b. prematurity
11-( ) genital tract infection C. congenital anomalies
12-( ) congenital heart disease d. fatal hypoxia
Pathogenic organism find exit in
13-respiratory discharge a-salmonellae

14-vomitis b-salmonellae ,shigella
15-saliva c-stap.aureus, TB bacillus
16-faeces d-cholera vibrios
17-urine e-mumps vires
7. Fill in the space using words in box (each half mark)
A-80% b-60% c-33\1000 d-41\1000
1. infant mortality rate was ….( ) live birth

2. under 5 mortality rate was ….( ) live birth
3. about …… of u5 children death take place before the child first birth
day
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4. about……of the infant death take place in the first month of life
a-preterm b-full term c-low birth weight d-small for date
5. ( ) is ababy whose weight is less than expected for his gestational

age
6. ( ) is the baby born between 38-40 week of gestation
7. ( )is the baby born before the completion of 37 week of gestation
8. ( ) is the baby weighing less than 2500gm before birth
You can cut all the flowers but you cannot keep spring from coming.
Pablo Neruda
3rd Round 2009

A) Answer the following Quest.lons: (Total: 30 marks)
1. A group of students celebrated a birthday In one of the restaurant,

localized In a place ,soon after returmng home 6 (SIX) of them developed
severe nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrheal, with no fever
Manifestations persisted for few hours only, followed by recovery (7 marks)
a. Mention the name of organisms or causative agents which may cause
such condition (1 mark)
b. What is the most correct diagnosis and why (1 mark)
c. How can you proceed to investigate such an outbreak? (5 marks)
2. Give reason for: (9 marks)
a. Increasing prevalence of coronary heart disease problem among
middle age groups (3 marks)
b. Excess Intake of some nutrients is hazardous to health (6 marks)
3. Define: (8 marks)
a. Cohort studies
b. Relative risk
c. Urbanization
d. Lifeexpectancy
4. Enumerate: (6 marks)
a. Four Examples for clinical Forms of gastro enteritis.
b. Modes of transmission In Brucellosis
c. Example of disease In which Chemoprophylaxis Is used for
international measures . And what chemoprophylaxis is used?
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d. Four Criteria of a good screening test

e. Three indicators used to measure population changes
f. Four (4) examples of rates grouped under the age specific death rates.
B) Solve the problem (4 marks)
Data from the Health Office for the year 2003 In X place
 live births = 700

 Maternal deaths during labor > 5
 Maternal deaths during perpurtum= 2
 Deaths during the first year of life= 50
 Cases of T.B =10
 Deaths from T.B = 2
 Females in the age period 15 - 49 =14000
 Midyear population = 35000
Calculate:
a. Birth rate.
b. General Fertility fate
c. Case Fatality rate of T.B.
d. Maternal Mortality ratio
C) MCQ (In the answer paper. write the question number and one
answer:
{Total 26 marks)
I . Put (T) in case of true and (F) in case of false (half mark each Total 13
marks)
1. ( ) When we want to establish a relation between the disease & risk

factors we use observational analytical studies
2. ( ) When you want to evaluate a drug or method of treatment we use
cohort study
3. ( ) cross sectional studyes can suggest the possible risk factors or
protective factors for a disease
4. ( ) in case control study Controls are like cases they shoude show
Symptoms , signs and laboratory results of cases.
5. ( ) specificity of screening test Is the ability of the test to detect cases of
the disease.
6. ( ) Salmonella typhi can live for some weeks in water. food and ice.
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7. ( ) In endemic areas immunity to typhoid is mainly acquired through

clinical attack
8. ( ) Typhoid case can be re!eased when clinically free.
9. ( ) Man is the only reservoir of salmonella food poisoning.
10. ( ) Of Shigellae, the shiga group is me most virulent being toxigen
11. ( ) Recovery is the common sequela of Viral hepatitis
12. ( ) The ingested embryonated eggs of Ascaris hatch in the intestines and
directly develop into adult worms
13. ( ) Stool examination of schoolchildren diagnoses all cases of enterobiasis
14. ( ) VItamin E and Zinc are essential for insulin function
15. ( ) Nutrition assessment studies have the limitations related the lack of
specificity of the clinlcal signs and symptoms of the nutritional deficiencies
16. ( ) lodization of salt and fluoridation of the drinking water are of thepublic
heaIh policies to prevent nutrition deficiency among the rich and poor
people
17. ( ) Anthropometric measurement to assess nutritional studies of the
individuals Include weight, height and. hemoglobin level\
18. ( ) Consumption of carbohydrates with high glycemic Index at small
amount each meal has less hazardous effect on the gloucose
metabolism
19. ( ) Men are considered obese when tht BMI is more than 30 Kg/m and a
women are considered obese whenl the BMI is18-30 kg/m
20. ( ) Culcium deficiency could result in faulty epiphyseal bone formation
21. ( ) Human Papilloma Vuus infection is a risk for cancer stomach
22. ( ) The methods of prevention and control of all the
non cornmunicable diseases are universal across the countries
23. ( ) Women with waist circumference more than 88crn are at risk for
diabetes
24. ( ) Both type I and Il have genetic risk factors but type 2 devolps among
obese individuals
25. ( ) The rate of natural lncrease could be used In estimation of the
population size in the inter census years
26. ( ) Transitional populations are characterized by high birth rate and
declining death rate
II. Cross Match the statements in the Tow Columns : ( each one mark)
Anthropometric Measurement Significance

25. ( ) Mid upper arm Circumference a) Measures the total body fat
26. ( ) Triceps Skin Fold thikness b) Measures visceral fat
27. ( ) Waist Circumference c) Measures subcutaneous fat
28. ( ) BMI d) Measures the lean tissue
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Behavior Non-communicable disease

29. ( ) Smoking a) Cancer colon
30. ( ) Junk food b) Diabetes
31. ( ) Sedentaly life c) Cancer lung
32. ( ) High fertility d) Cancer cervix
Modes of Transmission of some infection diseases

33. ( ) Respiratory a) Shigellosis
34. ( ) Food-borne b) Relapsing fever
35. ( ) Arthropod-born c) Syphilis
36. ( ) In-utero d) Staphylococcal disease
37. ( ) Contact e) Varicella
While they were saying among themselves it cannot be done, it was done.
Helen Keller
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Other notes by
medadteam
ENT definitions
Ophthalmology definitions
Ophthalmology sheet
Oral q of ophthalmology
4th year exams
Forensic notes
General toxicology
Specific toxicology
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Fourth Year Exams www.medadteam.

 Draw with labels a section of the upper lid (2003)

ENTROPION and ECTROPiON

 Mention types & causes of entropies. (2003)

 Deflnltion, types and clinical picture of entropion (2005)

 Discuss Lagophthalmos. (95,96)

 Causes and investigations of a watery eye. (2000)

 Enumerate causes of epiphora. (2003)

 What Is the differential diagnosis of pannus? (2003)

 Differential diagnosis of trachomatous follicles, Papillae and pannus (No

 Describe denderitic ulcer and mention its treatment. (2004)

 Phlectenular kerato conjunctivitis (96, 2002)

 Discuss etiology, clinical picture and treatment of spring catarrh. (98)

 Definition, diagnosis and management of ophthalmia neonatorum (2005)

 Differential diagnosis of acute inflammatory proptosis. (2000)

 Enumerate 5 causes of unilateral proptosis. (2003)

 Enumerate various forms of congenital cataract.

 Causes and clinical characteristics

 How can you prepare & treat a case of senile cataract.

 Causes, types and clinical picture of dislocation of the lens (2005)

 Discuss the sign, symptoms & complications of corneal ulcer.(93)

 Describe the clinical picture of various types of hypopion corneal ulcers.

 Its complications and treatment. (2000)

 Hypopion ulcer (95)

 Dendritic corneal ulcer (93, 97, 98)

 Describe signs, symptoms & treatment of acute Iridocyclitis. (98

 Discuss Complications of iridocyclitis (93, 95)

 Describe the treatment of iridocyclitis (97)

 Mention 4 systemic diseases associated with iridocyclitis.(2003)

 What are the complications and diagnosis of iridocyclitis. (2004)

 Local treatment of acute iridocyclitis (2005)

 Clinical picture & treatment of acute congestive glaucoma? (2002)

 What are the symptoms and signs of primary O.A.G.?

 Mention ttt of acute attack of angle closure glaucoma

 Clinical picture and fate of central artery occlusion (2005)

 Mention the types, symptoms, and ophthalmoscopic pictures of central

 Retinal vein occlusion. (2004)

 Discuss briefly Fundus picture of diabetic retinopathy.. (2001)

 Discuss the type and complications of diabetic retinopathy.(2004)

 Signs & symptoms of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.(93)

 Alcohol toxic amblyopia (2000)

 Describe the different types of optic atrophy (98,2003,2005)

 Consecutive optic atrophy (90)

 This trauma on various structures of the eye (2002)

“I have never met a man so ignorant that

 Enumerate effects of blunt trauma to the iris. (2003)

 Discuss the effect of blunt trauma on the cornea. (2004)

 Discuss briefly sympathetic ophthalmitis. (2001)

 Ocular effect of intraocular foreign bodies. (2005) l'

 Fundus picture in high myopia

 What Is the definition, complication

 Give an account on hypermetropia

 Define' a) astigmatism b) press by of

 Definition, clinical picture & correction of anisometropia.

 Discuss briefly Heterophoria. (2001)

 How can you diagnose paralytic squint? (2004)

 Definition, causes and clinical picture of exophoria. (2005)

 Discuss differential diagnosis of red eye. (2001)

 By examination of pupil only differentiate bet. Acute iritis,acute angle closure

 Glaucoma, acute corneal ulcer & acute conjunctivitis. (2003)

 Enumerate ocular manifestations of head injuries. (2003)

 Ophthalmic indications & complication of corticosteroids (2005)